2019-2021北京高中英语期中期末汇编：应用文（教师版）

2019-2021北京高中英语期中期末汇编：应用文一．阅读理解（共6小题）1．（2020春•东城区期末）Doyouthinkalienbeingsexistsomewhereintheuniverse？ItseemslikeMars，ourclosestneighbor，hasinspiredthemostsciencefictionastheplacewherealiensaremostlikelytocomefrom．RecentMarsprobes（探测）haveshownusthatthereisnolifeonthatplanet﹣atleastnotnow．Butthatdoesnotmeanthatlifedoesnotexistelsewhere﹣afterall，theuniverseisreallybig．Alotofscientificresearchisgoingoninthesearchfor"extraterrestriallife"．Thinkaboutit﹣whyshouldthesevenbillionpeopleonthislittleplanetbetheonly﹣livingbeingsintheuniverse？Itwould，infact，seemlogicalthatthisisnotthecase．Soscientificresearchinthismatterisbasedaroundtheideaoffindingotherplanetsthathaveenvironmentsthatcansupportlife﹣environmentssimilartotheEarth．Thesearchisonfortheevidenceoftheexistence，orearlierexistenceoflife；fromverywisebeingstosimpleorganisms（有机物）．Sofar，therehavebeenanumberoftheoriesastowhichplanetarybodiesmayhaveanatmospherethatcansupportsuchlifeandthereforedeservecloserattention．AsforplaceswithinourownMilkyWayGalaxy，ithasbeenassumedoverthedecadesthatMarsandVenus，aswellassomeofthemoonsofJupiterandSaturn，mayhavebeenhostsforlife．Now，astechnologieshaveimprovedandwecanobtainmeasurementsofthecompositionoftheatmosphereonextra﹣solarplanets，thechancesoffinding"alien"lifeformsareincreasing．TherehasbeenatheorythatsomeoftheplanetsinthehabitablezoneofthereddwarfstarGliese581maybeabletosupportlife．In2007，scientistsdiscoveredexoplanetGliese581c﹣andfeltthatitsatmospherewasmostsuitableforsupportinglife．Butfurtherresearchrevealedthatitwouldnot．Now，attentionhasbeenturnedtoGliese581d，attheouteredgeofthestar'shabitablezone．Themainstandardsfordecidingwhetheraplanetarybodycanbelife﹣supportingareatmosphericconditionswhichallowtheexistenceofwater．Gliese581isabout20.4lightyearsawayfromtheEarth，soeveniflifedoesexistthere，thedistancewouldmeanthatcommunicationwouldbeunlikely．Havingsaidthis﹣whosaysalienlifeforms（iftheyexist）needwater？（1）WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph1mean？A．LifeexistingoutsideoftheEarth．B．Theevidenceoftheexistenceoflife．C．Otherfarawayplanetsintheuniverse．D．Creaturesknownfromsciencefictions．（2）Whatmakesitpossibleforpeopletofind"alienbeings"？A．Modernscientifictheories．B．Atmosphericconditions．C．EnvironmentssimilartotheEarth．D．Advancedtechnologies．（3）Fromthepassage，weknowthat．A．theatmosphereofGliese581cwasmostsuitableforlifeB．itisnotcertainwhetheralienlifeformsneedwaterornotC．the7billionpeopleontheEartharetheonlybeingsintheuniverseD．thedistanceof20.4lightyearsmakesitimpossibletofindlifeonGliese581d（4）Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage？A．DoAliensExist？B．IsMarsSuitableforLife？C．AreAlienLifeFormsVarious？D．CanWeCommunicatewithAliens？2．（2019秋•西城区校级期末）PacificScienceCenterGuide●VisitPacificScienceCenter'sStoreDon'tforgettostopbyPacificScienceCenter'sStorewhileyouareheretopickupawonderfulscienceactivityorsouvenirtorememberyourvisit．ThestoreislocatedupstairsinBuilding3rightnexttotheLaserDome．●Hungry？Ourexhibitswillfeedyourmindbutwhataboutyourbody？Ourcaféoffersacompletemenuoflunchandsnackoptions，inadditiontoseasonalspecials．ThecaféislocatedupstairsinBuilding1andisopendailyuntilonehourbeforePacificScienceCentercloses．●RentalInformationLockersareavailabletostoreanybelongingsduringyourvisit．ThelockersarelocatedinBuilding1neartheInformationDeskandinBuilding3．PushchairsandwheelchairsareavailabletorentattheInformationDeskandDennyWayentrance．●SupportPacificScienceCenterSince1962PacificScienceCenterhasbeeninspiringapassionfordiscoveryandlifelonglearninginscience，mathandtechnology．TodayPacificScienceCenterservesmorethan1.3millionpeopleayearandbringsscienceeducationtoclassroomsandcommunityeventsalloverWashingtonState．It'sanamazingaccomplishmentandonewecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals，corporations，andothersocialorganizations．Visitpacificsciencecenter．orgtofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter．（1）WherecanyoubuyasouveniratPacificScienceCenter？A．InBuilding1．B．InBuilding3．C．AttheLaserDome．D．AttheDennyWayentrance．（2）WhatdoesPacificScienceCenterdoforschools？A．Trainscienceteachers．B．Distributesciencebooks．C．Inspirescientificresearch．D．Takesciencetotheclassroom．（3）Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext？A．Toencouragedonations．B．Toadvertisecomingevents．C．Tointroducespecialexhibits．D．TotellabouttheCenter'shistory．3．（2019秋•西城区期末）FindyournewfavoriteWestEndmusicals，fromheartwarmingadaptationsandaward﹣winningscorestoextremelyfunnymusicalsandmust﹣seeLondonshows．TheLionKingEnjoysongssuchasCircleOfLife．Theaward﹣winningadaptationofDisney'sTheLionKingfeaturesmusicbyEltonJohn，plusoutstandingcostumesandwonderfulspecialeffects．TheLionKingdelightsallageswithrhythmsofAfricaandtouchingstoriesofloveandlife．Pricesfrom£43.05Call077﹣533﹣0589forBooking!ThePhantomoftheOperaAndrewLloydWebber'sfamousmusical，ThePhantomoftheOpera，tellsthetaleofashadowycharacterwhoattemptstomakeChristinatheleadingladyoftheParisOpera．Withafantasticplotandbreathtakingscene，thislong﹣runningshowisoneofthemust﹣seemusicalsinLondon．Pricesfrom£30.75Call077﹣916﹣4545forBooking!Thriller﹣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2019-2021北京高中英语期中期末汇编：应用文参考答案与试题解析一．阅读理解（共6小题）1．（2020春•东城区期末）Doyouthinkalienbeingsexistsomewhereintheuniverse？ItseemslikeMars，ourclosestneighbor，hasinspiredthemostsciencefictionastheplacewherealiensaremostlikelytocomefrom．RecentMarsprobes（探测）haveshownusthatthereisnolifeonthatplanet﹣atleastnotnow．Butthatdoesnotmeanthatlifedoesnotexistelsewhere﹣afterall，theuniverseisreallybig．Alotofscientificresearchisgoingoninthesearchfor"extraterrestriallife"．Thinkaboutit﹣whyshouldthesevenbillionpeopleonthislittleplanetbetheonly﹣livingbeingsintheuniverse？Itwould，infact，seemlogicalthatthisisnotthecase．Soscientificresearchinthismatterisbasedaroundtheideaoffindingotherplanetsthathaveenvironmentsthatcansupportlife﹣environmentssimilartotheEarth．Thesearchisonfortheevidenceoftheexistence，orearlierexistenceoflife；fromverywisebeingstosimpleorganisms（有机物）．Sofar，therehavebeenanumberoftheoriesastowhichplanetarybodiesmayhaveanatmospherethatcansupportsuchlifeandthereforedeservecloserattention．AsforplaceswithinourownMilkyWayGalaxy，ithasbeenassumedoverthedecadesthatMarsandVenus，aswellassomeofthemoonsofJupiterandSaturn，mayhavebeenhostsforlife．Now，astechnologieshaveimprovedandwecanobtainmeasurementsofthecompositionoftheatmosphereonextra﹣solarplanets，thechancesoffinding"alien"lifeformsareincreasing．TherehasbeenatheorythatsomeoftheplanetsinthehabitablezoneofthereddwarfstarGliese581maybeabletosupportlife．In2007，scientistsdiscoveredexoplanetGliese581c﹣andfeltthatitsatmospherewasmostsuitableforsupportinglife．Butfurtherresearchrevealedthatitwouldnot．Now，attentionhasbeenturnedtoGliese581d，attheouteredgeofthestar'shabitablezone．Themainstandardsfordecidingwhetheraplanetarybodycanbelife﹣supportingareatmosphericconditionswhichallowtheexistenceofwater．Gliese581isabout20.4lightyearsawayfromtheEarth，soeveniflifedoesexistthere，thedistancewouldmeanthatcommunicationwouldbeunlikely．Havingsaidthis﹣whosaysalienlifeforms（iftheyexist）needwater？（1）WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph1mean？AA．LifeexistingoutsideoftheEarth．B．Theevidenceoftheexistenceoflife．C．Otherfarawayplanetsintheuniverse．D．Creaturesknownfromsciencefictions．（2）Whatmakesitpossibleforpeopletofind"alienbeings"？DA．Modernscientifictheories．B．Atmosphericconditions．C．EnvironmentssimilartotheEarth．D．Advancedtechnologies．（3）Fromthepassage，weknowthat．A．theatmosphereofGliese581cwasmostsuitableforlifeB．itisnotcertainwhetheralienlifeformsneedwaterornotC．the7billionpeopleontheEartharetheonlybeingsintheuniverseD．thedistanceof20.4lightyearsmakesitimpossibletofindlifeonGliese581d（4）Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage？AA．DoAliensExist？B．IsMarsSuitableforLife？C．AreAlienLifeFormsVarious？D．CanWeCommunicatewithAliens？【分析】本文是说明文．文章讲述了科学家们在不断寻找和探索外星球上是否有类似于地球的环境，可以支持生命的存在．【解答】（1）A．词义猜测题．在第一段中提到"RecentMarsprobes（探测）haveshownusthatthereisnolifeonthatplanet﹣atleastnotnow．Butthatdoesnotmeanthatlifedoesnotexistelsewhere（尽管火星探测器显示火星上没有生命，至少现在没有，但这并不意味着其他地方没有生命的存在．）"由此知，划线词所在的句子意思为"许多科学研究还在继续寻找其他星球上有没有生命"．由此可以猜测extraterrestriallife意思为"存在于地球之外的生命"．故选A项．（2）D．细节理解题．根据第三段中"astechnologieshaveimprovedandwecanobtainmeasurementsofthecompositionoftheatmosphereonextra﹣solarplanets，thechancesoffinding"alien"lifeformsareincreasing．（随着科技的进步，我们可以测量太阳系外行星的大气成分，那么发现"外星"生命形式的可能性正在增加．）"可知，科学技术的进步让人们发现"外星人"成为可能．故选D项．（3）B．细节理解题．根据文章最后一段中"Havingsaidthis﹣whosaysalienlifeforms（iftheyexist）needwater？（话虽如此，谁说外星生物（如果它们存在的话）需要水？）"可知，作者对"外星生命是否一定需要有水才能存在"提出疑问，也就是说外星生命是否需要水还不确定．故选B项．（4）A．标题归纳题．文章首句提出问题"Doyouthinkalienbeingsexistsomewhereintheuniverse？"；文章第三段首句提到"therehavebeenanumberoftheoriesastowhichplanetarybodiesmayhaveanatmospherethatcansupportsuchlife．（关于哪些行星体可能有能够支持生命的大气，已经有了许多理论．）"，第四段首句提到"TherehasbeenatheorythatsomeoftheplanetsinthehabitablezoneofthereddwarfstarGliese581maybeabletosupportlife．（有一种理论认为，红矮星Gliese581的宜居带中的一些行星可能适合生命存在．）"文章是讲述科学家们对哪些星体可能有生命的存在的不断探索．因此文章标题应为"外星人存在吗"．故选A项．【点评】1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目．2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换．3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义．2．（2019秋•西城区校级期末）PacificScienceCenterGuide●VisitPacificScienceCenter'sStoreDon'tforgettostopbyPacificScienceCenter'sStorewhileyouareheretopickupawonderfulscienceactivityorsouvenirtorememberyourvisit．ThestoreislocatedupstairsinBuilding3rightnexttotheLaserDome．●Hungry？Ourexhibitswillfeedyourmindbutwhataboutyourbody？Ourcaféoffersacompletemenuoflunchandsnackoptions，inadditiontoseasonalspecials．ThecaféislocatedupstairsinBuilding1andisopendailyuntilonehourbeforePacificScienceCentercloses．●RentalInformationLockersareavailabletostoreanybelongingsduringyourvisit．ThelockersarelocatedinBuilding1neartheInformationDeskandinBuilding3．PushchairsandwheelchairsareavailabletorentattheInformationDeskandDennyWayentrance．●SupportPacificScienceCenterSince1962PacificScienceCenterhasbeeninspiringapassionfordiscoveryandlifelonglearninginscience，mathandtechnology．TodayPacificScienceCenterservesmorethan1.3millionpeopleayearandbringsscienceeducationtoclassroomsandcommunityeventsalloverWashingtonState．It'sanamazingaccomplishmentandonewecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals，corporations，andothersocialorganizations．Visitpacificsciencecenter．orgtofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter．（1）WherecanyoubuyasouveniratPacificScienceCenter？A．InBuilding1．B．InBuilding3．C．AttheLaserDome．D．AttheDennyWayentrance．（2）WhatdoesPacificScienceCenterdoforschools？DA．Trainscienceteachers．B．Distributesciencebooks．C．Inspirescientificresearch．D．Takesciencetotheclassroom．（3）Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext？AA．Toencouragedonations．B．Toadvertisecomingevents．C．Tointroducespecialexhibits．D．TotellabouttheCenter'shistory．【分析】本文是一篇应用文．主要介绍了太平洋科学中心并呼吁呼吁人们找到各种各样的方式来支持太平洋科学中心．【解答】（1）B．细节理解题．根据文章第一段"The store is located upstairs in Building3right next to the Laser Dome．该商店位于3号楼楼上的激光穹顶旁边．"可知在太平洋科学中心3号楼楼上的激光穹顶旁边可以买到纪念品．故选B．（2）D．细节理解题．根据文章第四段，TodayPacificScienceCenterservesmorethan1.3millionpeopleayearandbeingsinquirybasedscienceeducationtoclassroomsandcompanyeventsalloverWashingtonState．如今，太平洋科学中心每年为130多万人提供服务，并在华盛顿州的教室和公司活动中开展基于调查的科学教育．可知，现在PacifcScienceCenter每年向130多万人提供服努，并开始把科学教育带到教室．结合选项，故选D．（3）A．目的意图题．从文章最后两句It's an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals，corporations，and other social organizations．Visit pacificsciencecenter．org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center．这是一项了不起的成就，如果没有个人、公司和其他社会组织的慷慨支持，我们是无法取得这一成就的．访问太平洋科学中心．找到各种方式，你可以支持太平洋科学中心．可知，本文旨在呼吁个人、公司和其他社会组织对太平洋科学中心进行慷慨捐助，提供支持．故选A．【点评】1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目．2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换．3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义．3．（2019秋•西城区期末）FindyournewfavoriteWestEndmusicals，fromheartwarmingadaptationsandaward﹣winningscorestoextremelyfunnymusicalsandmust﹣seeLondonshows．TheLionKingEnjoysongssuchasCircleOfLife．Theaward﹣winningadaptationofDisney'sTheLionKingfeaturesmusicbyEltonJohn，plusoutstandingcostumesandwonderfulspecialeffects．TheLionKingdelightsallageswithrhythmsofAfricaandtouchingstoriesofloveandlife．Pricesfrom£43.05Call077﹣533﹣0589forBooking!ThePhantomoftheOperaAndrewLloydWebber'sfamousmusical，ThePhantomoftheOpera，tellsthetaleofashadowycharacterwhoattemptstomakeChristinatheleadingladyoftheParisOpera．Withafantasticplotandbreathtakingscene，thislong﹣runningshowisoneofthemust﹣seemusicalsinLondon．Pricesfrom£30.75Call077﹣916﹣4545forBooking!Thriller﹣LiveSeeThriller﹣Live，amusicalinmemoryofMichaelJacksonandtheJackson5．TheshowjoinedLondon'sWestEndafterthreeUKtoursandpopularityacrossEurope．CelebratethecareeroftheKingofPopduringnon﹣stophitsatthistopLondontheatreshow．Pricesfrom£32.72Call077﹣816﹣3148forBooking!SchoolofRockRockoutatthisaward﹣winningnewmusical．Basedonthe2003movie，SchoolofRockfollowsthestoryofDeweyFinnandhisdiscoverytotransformaclassofA﹣gradestudentsintoarealrockgroup．ButwilltheymakeittotheBattleoftheBands？BookinguntilFeb．Pricesfrom£18.00Call077﹣317﹣8315forBooking!MatildaTheMusicalBewowedbytheRoyalShakespeareCompany'smulti﹣award﹣winningproductionofMatildaTheMusical．RoaldDahl'scelebratedstoryburstsintolifeinthisWestEndmusicalbyDennisKellyandTimMinchin．Childrenandadultsalikewillbedelightedbythelittlegirlwithanextraordinaryimagination．Pricesfrom£24.00Call077﹣517﹣8367forBooking!（1）ThePhantomoftheOperaisspecialbecauseofitsC．A．excellentcostumesB．experiencedactorsC．attractivestoryD．beautifulsongs（2）Whichofthefollowingmusicalswouldmostprobablycatchtheeyeofbothkidsandadults？A．ThePhantomoftheOpera．B．MatildaTheMusical．C．SchoolofRock．D．Thriller﹣Live．（3）Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage？CA．Toanalyzemusicals．B．Tocriticizemusicals．C．Toadvertisemusicals．D．Toevaluatemusicals．【分析】本文介绍了几部音乐剧的内容特点，以及其票价和联系方式．【解答】1．C，细节理解题，根据ThePhantomoftheOpera中的"Withafantasticplotandbreathtakingscene，thislong﹣runningshowisoneofthemust﹣seemusicalsinLondon这部长话连篇的音乐剧有着奇妙的情节和惊险的场面，是伦敦必看的音乐剧之一"，可知歌剧魅影之所以特别是因为它的引人入胜的故事．故选C．2．B，细节理解题，根据MatildaTheMusical中的"孩子们和成人们都会为这个想象力超凡的小女孩感到高兴Childrenandadultsalikewillbedelightedbythelittlegirlwithanextraordinaryimagination"，可知：马蒂尔达的音乐剧最有可能吸引儿童和成人的眼球，故选B．3．C，写作意图题，本文介绍了几部音乐剧的内容特点，以及其票价和联系方式．可知这篇文章的主要目的是为音乐剧做广告．故选C．【点评】阅读理解解题步骤：阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意．因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料．其次，细读题材，各个击破．掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息．要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性．对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准．4．（2020秋•丰台区期中）VolunteerDayWhatbetterwayistheretoenjoyyourownhobbieswhilehelpingothersatthesame？CometoVolunteerDayandchoosewhichactivityyou'dliketojoinfortheday.SeebelowforalistofvolunteeropportunitiesforVolunteerDaysoyoucanbeginthinkingaboutwhichactivityyoumightwanttojoin.Alistofvolunteeractivities：Plantflowers：Doyouenjoybeingoutsideinnature？CityParksAssociationhasmanygreatopportunitiesforpeoplewholovetobeoutdoors.Helpplantflowersandbushesincityparks，helplaypathsatCaveSpringsPark，orhelppickuprubbisharoundtheriverbanks.Theseactivitiesareveryactive，soremembertobepreparedwithplentyofdrinkingwater!Playwithanimals：Doyouloveanimals？LovelyFriendsisanorganizationthatvisitslocalanimalsheltersandprovidesvolunteerstospendtimewiththeanimalswhiletheircagesarebeingcleaned.Playwithpuppies，snugglewithcats，orhand﹣feedrabbits.Painthouses：Doyouenjoymakingart？Ifso，thisvolunteeropportunitymightbejustrightforyou!HappyHomesisalocalorganizationthatprovideshomerepairsforneedypeopleintheformofpainting.Forelderlyorphysicallydisabledpeoplewhocannotdorepairstotheirhomes，HappyHomesprovidesvolunteerpainterstorepaintoldhomes，outsideorin.HappyHomesalsoprovidespainterstocreatebeautifulwallpaintingsinsideschoolsorcommunitycenters.（1）AnoutdoorloverprobablytakespartinA.A.PlantflowersB.PainthousesC.ReadtochildrenD.Playwithanimals（2）WhatdoLovelyFriendsvolunteersdo？A.Readbookstochildren.B.Spendtimewithanimals.C.Helpplantbushesinparks.D.Pickupgarbagealongtheriver.（3）Thepurposeofthepassageisto.A.educatechildrenB.attractvolunteersC.comforttheelderlyD.encouragethedisabled【分析】本文章主要讲述了志愿者活动日的到来，并介绍了和志愿者活动相关的工作时间，相关安排以及活动内容等。【解答】（1）A．细节理解题。根据文章对Alistofvolunteeractivities内容的介绍，Plantflowers：Helpplantflowersandbushesincityparks，helplaypathsatCaveSpringsPark，orhelppickuprubbisharoundtheriverbanks.种植花卉：帮助城市公园种植花卉和灌木，帮助在山洞泉公园铺设小路，或帮助收集河岸周围的垃圾。这项活动是需要一直在户外活动的，因此对于喜欢户外活动的人来说是最合适的，结合选项，故选A．（2）B．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段内容，Playwithanimals：LovelyFriendsisanorganizationthatvisitslocalanimalsheltersandprovidesvolunt