全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)模拟真题

全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)模拟真题（江南博哥）材料题根据以下材料，回答1-20题Advancesingenetictechnologiesallowscientiststotakeanunprecedentedglimpseintothegeneticmakeupofeveryperson.Theinformationfromthistestingcanservemanyvaluable

1

：Itcansavelives,assistcouplestryingtodecidewhetherornottohavechildren,andhelplaw-enforcementofficialssolveacrime.2

breakthroughsingenetictestingalso

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sometroublingsocialconcernsaboutprivacyanddiscrimination.4

,ifanindividual'sgeneticinformationbecomeswidely

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,itcouldgivehealthinsurerscausetodenycoveragetopeoplewithcertainriskfactorsorencourageemployerstorejectcertainhigh-riskjobapplicants.Furthermore,manygenetically

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problemsaremorecommonamongcertainracialandethnicgroups.Manyminoritygroupsfearthatthe

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ofgenetictestingcouldcreatewholenew

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ofdiscrimination.Ofparticularconcernaregeneticteststhat

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lightontraitssuchaspersonality,intelligence,andmentalhealthorpotentialabilities.Geneticteststhat

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apersonisunlikelytogetalongwithotherpeoplecouldbeusedtolimitaperson'sprofessionaladvancement.Inothercases,teststhat

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ageneticriskofheartfailurecoulddiscourageaperson12

competinginsports.Newtechnologiesthat

13

themanipulationofgeneshaveraisedevenmoredisturbingpossibilities.Genetherapyadvances,whichallowscientiststoreplace

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geneswithnormalalleles,givepeoplewithtypicallyfataldiseasesnewhopeforhealthylives.15

,genetherapyhasfocusedonmanipulatingthegeneticmaterialinbodycells

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gametes(thecellsinvolvedinreproduction),sothechangeswillnotbe

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tofuturegenerations.However,theapplicationofgenetherapytechniquestogametesseems

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.Suchmanipulationmighthelppreventthe

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ofdiseasefromonegenerationtoanother,butitcouldalso

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unforeseenproblemswithlong-lastingconsequences.1

[单选题]

第1题答案是A.purposesB.perspectivesC.fieldsD.vocations正确答案：A参考解析：purpose意图、计划、目的perspective观点、看法field领域、视野vocation职业、使命基因技术的进步使得科学家们能够看见每个人的基因构成，而这是前所未有的事情，检测所得来的信息有多种宝贵的______.A表示有多种用途。正确。2

[单选题]

第2题答案是A.YetB.And

C.ThereforeD.Whereby正确答案：A参考解析：空格前说了基因检测的多种用途。空格后面指出基因检测的重大突破也使社会越来越关注隐私和歧视这样令人不安的话题。其中存在转折的逻辑关系。A正确。3

[单选题]

第3题答案是A.decrease

B.settle

C.raise

D.keep正确答案：C参考解析：主语是breakthroughsingenetictesting，宾语是sometroublingsocialconcerns空格填写一个动词表明主语和宾语的联系。由句意可推测“令人不安”是负面影响，即基因检测所导致的一些问题，C正确。4

[单选题]

第4题答案是A.IncontrastB.ForexampleC.InconsequenceD.Asusual正确答案：B参考解析：上一句提到对社会话题的忧虑。后面的主句又指出这就给了健康保险公司拒绝为有某种风险因素的人承保的理由。或会使雇主拒绝聘用某类高风险的求职者。很明显这句话是对上的举例说明。B正确。5

[单选题]

第5题答案是A.reliableB.identifiableC.suitableD.available正确答案：D参考解析：reliable

可信赖的、可靠的identifiable可辨认的、可视为相同的suitable合适的、适宜的available可用的，可获得的翻译：如果个人的基因信息变得______，这就给了健康保险公司拒绝为又某种风险因素的人承保的理由。available有“可获得的”的意思。D正确。6

[单选题]

第6题答案是A.integrated

B.complicatedC.combinedD.linked正确答案：D参考解析：integrate合并、成为一体complicate使复杂化combine使结合、混合link联系、有关系Furthermore表递进，翻译：此外，很多和基因______问题在某些种族和族群里更为普遍.linked“相关联的”符合此处文意。D正确。7

[单选题]

第7题答案是A.expansion

B.inflation

C.extensionD.verification正确答案：A参考解析：expansion扩大、扩张inflation膨胀、通货膨胀extension延期、延长verification证明、证实翻译：很多少数民族担心,，基因检测的______会引起全新的歧视.A符合题意。8

[单选题]

第8题答案是A.informationB.avenues

C.places

D.words正确答案：B参考解析：information信息avenue方法、途径place放置、安顿、地方word词语、消息翻译：很多少数民族担心，基因检测的扩大使用会引起全新的歧视________。B符合题意。正确。9

[单选题]

第9题答案是A.embodyB.shedC.setD.shoot正确答案：B参考解析：固定搭配shedlighton：使..清楚的显出10

[单选题]

第10题答案是A.concludeB.predict

C.indicateD.allege正确答案：C参考解析：conclude推断出、总结predict预言、预测indicate表明、暗示allege断言、宣称翻译：那些基因结果_____一个人不太可能与其他人相处融洽的基因检测可能被用来限制一个人的职业晋升。C正确。11

[单选题]

第11题答案是A.certify

B.rectify

C.identifyD.justify正确答案：C参考解析：cetify证明、给…颁发结业证书

rectify

改正、校正identfy认出、辨别

justify证明...有理

前面举了一个例子与人相处不融洽的基因会限制一个人的晋升，另外一些情况应该也是讲述基因检测带来的一些不良影响。

基因检测____心理衰竭的基因风险的检测会阻止一个人_____体育竞技。第一个空应该填写identify“确认”。12

[单选题]

第12题答案是A.fromB.intoC.with

D.on正确答案：A参考解析：固定搭配discouragesbfromdoing：劝某人不要做什么。13

[单选题]

第13题答案是A.preach

B.allow

C.fund

D.grant正确答案：B参考解析：that引导的定语从句修饰主语Newtechnologies，空格处应填人一个动词作定语从句的谓语。翻译：_______操纵基因的新技术引起了甚至更多不安的可能性。allow“允许、使可能”符合题意。14

[单选题]

第14题答案是A.infective

B.effectiveC.productiveD.defective正确答案：D参考解析：infective会传染的;有传染性的

effective

有效的、实际的

productive

富有成效的、多产的

defective

有缺陷的、有毛病的基因疗法的进步使得科学家们用正常的等位基因替代______基因，这也给那些患有某种致命疾病的人燃起了健康生活的新希望.

D正确。15

[单选题]

第15题答案是A.AsaresultB.InasenseC.TodateD.Ineffect正确答案：C参考解析：Asaresult所以、结果Inasense在某种意义上、在一定程度上Todate到目前为止、迄今Ineffect实际上空格后面指出，基因疗法专注于操纵身体细胞里的基因物质，用的是完成时态hasfocusedon。各个选项带入空格，只有Todate“迄今为止”符合题意。16

[单选题]

第16题答案是A.lessthan

B.morethanC.otherthanD.soonerthan正确答案：C参考解析：lessthan小于、以内morethan超过、多余otherthan除什么以外soonerthan早于翻译：迄今为止，基因疗法集中于操纵配子(生育细胞)______身体细胞里的基因物质.17

[单选题]

第17题答案是A.passedonB.givenupC.putforward

D.turnedover正确答案：A参考解析：passon传递、传给giveup放弃、投降putforward提出、将什么前移turnover移交转换翻译：因此，这种改变也不会_______未来的子孙.前文说基因疗法集中于操纵除配字以外的身体细胞。所以passedon“传给”代入后符合文意。18

[单选题]

第18题答案是A.invisible

B.inactive

C.inevitableD.incapable正确答案：C参考解析：invisible看不见的、无形的inactive不活动的、不活跃的inevitable不可避免的、必然发生incapable无能力的、不会的翻译：然而，配子基因疗法技术的应用似乎是________。前文说这种改变不会传染给后代。然后however转折。inevitable“不可避免的”代人空格后表明其趋势。19

[单选题]

第19题答案是A.observationB.transmissionC.evaluationD.demonstration正确答案：B参考解析：observation观察、监视transmission播送、传送evaluation评估、估价demonstration示范、演示翻译：这种技术有助于预防疾病由一代______另一代.transmission代人后意为“疾病的传播。20

[单选题]

第20题答案是A.leadB.indicate

C.reflect

D.produce正确答案：D参考解析：lead领导、导致indicate表明、暗示reflect反映、反射produce引起、产生翻译：但这也会______一些不可预见的问题，导致持久的后果.produce有“引起，带来”的意思。材料题根据下面资料，回答21-25题The60thanniversaryoftheexpeditionthatfirsttookhumanstothehighestspotonearth—thepeakofEverest—waswidelycelebratedsevenyearsago.The60thanniversaryofthefirstexpeditiontoitsdeepestpointhasgonealmostunnoticed.YetthattriptothebottomoftheChallengerDeep,atthesouthernendoftheMarianaTrenchinthePacificOcean,wasanequallyremarkablefeatandhasrarelybeenrepeated.WhilethousandsofclimbershavesinceclimbedEverestinthefootstepsofTenzingNorgayandEdmundHillary,onlytwomorepeoplehavefollowedtherouteofJacquesPiccardandDonWalsh,whoreachedthebottomin1960.Itwasnotuntil2012thatfilm-makerJamesCameronconductedasolodivetothealmost11km-deepvalley,collectingsamplesandvideo.Lastyear,explorervictorVescovofollowedsuit.True,otherreaches,notquiteasdistant,havebeenbetterexplored.Butthoughmorethanhalftheworldiscoveredbyoceanmorethan200mdeep—thepointatwhichthesunlightfadesandoneentersthetwilightzone—itwasnotuntil1930thathumansreachedthedeepseaforthefirsttime.Thoughscientistshavesincediscoveredextraordinarycreaturesandfeatures,muchremainstobediscovered.Thereachesoftheseabeneath6kmareknownasthehadalzone,takingtheirnamefromtheunderworldoftheancientGreeks：thedepthoftheMarianaTrenchensuresitisperpetuallydark,andthattemperaturesareonlyjustabovefreezing.Yetwearediscoveringthatifitisaninhospitablespaceforhumans,itisfarfromdeserted.Fouryearsago,alivevideofeedfromaremotelyoperatedvesselallowedordinaryviewerstoseetheabundant,though"notverydiverse",lifetobefounddownthere.Theareanowenjoysprotection,escapingunscathedafteritwaslistedasoneofthe27nationalmonumentsthatDonaldTrumpplacedunderreviewin2017.Otherpartsofthedeepseaareatimmediaterisk.Evenasresearchersincreasetheirabilitytoexplorethisworld,theraceisontoexploitit.AnanalysispublishedlastmonthinthejournalOneEarthwarnedofthethreattotheoceansfrom"blueacceleration",therecentriseinmarineindustrialization,whichincludesseabedmineralmining.Greenpeacewarnedlastyearthat29ocean-floorexplorationlicenceshadbeenissued,coveringanareatotaling1.3millionsqkm—threateningtoworsentheclimateemergencybydisruptingcarbonstoresinseafloorsediments,aswellasdestroyingbarelyexploredhabitatsthatmightofferextraordinaryscientificinsightsandevennewmedicines.ThoughtheUNissupposedto

wrapup

aglobaloceantreatythisyear,manycampaignersarepessimisticabouttheprospectofitofferingthekindofprotectiontheybelieveisneeded.Governmentsmustdobetter.Tofallshortwouldnotonlythreatenthehabitatsandcreaturesofthedeep,buthumanstoo,howeverunlikelymostofusaretoeverventuredownthere.21

[单选题]

InParagraph2,JamesCameronandVictorVescovoiscitedtoshowthat_______A.samplesandvideoshouldbecollectedin11km-deepvalleyB.extraordinarycreaturesandfeaturescanbediscoveredC.thedeepestpointonearthhasgonerarelyexploredD.thetriptothe11km-deepvalleyhasnotbeenrepeated正确答案：C参考解析：WhilethousandsofclimbershavesinceclimbedEverestinthefootstepsofTenzingNorgayandEdmundHillary,onlytwomorepeoplehavefollowedtherouteofJacquesPiccardandDonWalsh,whoreachedthebottomin1960.第二段讲述了，有很多人沿着TenzingNorgayandEdmundHillary的脚步接着攀登珠穆拉玛峰，但是很少人探索地球最深处的“挑战者深渊”，故选项C为正确答案。22

[单选题]

Whichofthefollowingistrueofthehadalzone?A.Itisaliveablespaceforhumanstolive.B.Itallowspeopletoseeabundantlifethere.C.ItisnamedaftertheunderworldoftheRoman.D.Itfailstopassthenationalmonumentsreview.正确答案：B参考解析：Fouryearsago,alivevideofeedfromaremotelyoperatedvesselallowedordinaryviewerstoseetheabundant,though"notverydiverse",lifetobefounddownthere.根据题意B选项“在这里人们可以看到丰富的生物”为正确答案。23

[单选题]

WhatdoestheimmediateriskinParagraph5refersto?A.Human'sgrowingcapacityforresearch.B.Thespeedingupoftheindustrialization.C.Human'sexploitationoftheocean.D.Thedeteriorationsofenvironment.正确答案：C参考解析：Otherpartsofthedeepseaareatimmediaterisk.Evenasresearchersincreasetheirabilitytoexplorethisworld,theraceisontoexploitit.研究人员除了提高探索深海的能力外，也在竞相开发这片深海，由此可知，这里的immediaterisk指的即是人类对海洋的开发，故选项C为正确答案。24

[单选题]

Thephrase"wrapup"(Para6)isclosestinmeaningto______A.endorseB.condemnC.bargainD.formulate正确答案：A参考解析：endorse签署condemn谴责bargain讨价还价formulate制定翻译：尽管联合国本应在今年_____一项全球海洋条约，但许多海洋保护人士对该条约所提供的必要保护措施的前景感到悲观.海洋条约应该是签署或者缔结，故选项endorse“签署”正确。25

[单选题]

Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ProspectofGlobalOceanTreatyB.IntroductionoftheHadalZoneC.AdventureoftheEverestD.ExpeditionoftheDeepSea正确答案：D参考解析：文章从探索珠穆拉玛峰和太平洋马里亚纳海沟南端的对比，引出了海洋的探索，及其海洋探索的价值与问题。本文通过举例的方式，表达了对海底未知区域进行探索是十分有必要的，但也要注意保护这些未开发地。D正确。材料题根据以下材料，回答26-30题Economistshavecometorivalevenjournalistsandpoliticiansinlackofpublicesteem.Thatmightbepartlybecausesomanyeconomistsseemasinterestedinjournalismandpoliticsasinadvancingtheirscience.Butthere'salsoadeeperproblem：Farfromadvancing,thescienceofeconomicshasbeengoingbackwards.Economiststendtobeeitherpractitionersortheorists.PractitionersonWallStreet,incentralbanks,andingovernmentaimtosaywheretheeconomyisheadedandofferadviceonhowtoimproveitstrajectory.Academicsinuniversitiesandbusinessschoolsspinthetheoriesthatguidethepractitioners.Thetroubleis,toomanytheorists—especiallyinthemainstreamofthediscipline—havedriftedfarfromtherealworld.Theirambitionhasbeentobuildmathematicallyelegantandinternallyconsistentmodelsoftheeconomy,evenifthatrequireswhollyunrealisticassumptions.Granted,justasmapshavetosimplifycomplexterrain,theoreticalmodelsmustignoreaspectsofrealitytobeanyuse.Butthere'salinebetweensimplificationandgrossdistortion,andmodernmaeroeconomicshascrossedit.Beforethe2008financialcrisis,forexample,thestandardmodelsmoreorlessignoredfinance.Nobanks,noindebtedness,noleverage.Asaresult,theycouldn'tmakesenseoftheworstglobalrecessionsincethe1930s.Theyalsotypicallyassertedthatfiscalstimulushadlittleornoeffectonconsumerspending,whichfollowsfromthemodel'smathematicallyconvenientassumptions.IfPresidentBarackObamaandCongresshadappliedsuchthinkingin2009,therecessionwouldhavebeenmuchworse.Fortunately,policywasguidednotbymodernmacrobutbyold-fashionedKeynesianism,longsinceabandonedbytheacademy.Givensuchspectacularfailures,you'dthinktheprofessionwouldhavegonebacktothedrawingboard.Ithasn't.True,someimprovementshavebeenattempted,andsomescholarshavedonevaluableworkonthehistoryofcrises,theroleofhouseholddebt,thedriversofinequality,andmuchelse.Buttheerroratthecoreofmodernmacroeconomics—thatmathematicalconsistencymattersmorethanempiricalrelevance—prevails.Justglancethroughtheleadingacademicjournals.Revivingeconomiesasasciencewillrequireeconomiststoactmorelikescientists.Ifmodelsarerefutedbytheobservableworld,tossthemout.Relyonexperiments,dataandreplicationtotesttheoriesandunderstandhowpeopleandcompaniesreallybehave.Editorsofthemostprestigiousjournalsshouldopentheirpagestoresearchthatchallengesthestandardtheories,evenifitdoesn'tyetpointtoencompassingnewalternatives.Injustabouteverybranchofscience,theoreticalresearchhasbeencrucialtoachievingbreakthroughs.Inmacroeconomics,ithasheldprogressback.Tostopthedisciplinefadingintoirrelevance,thiswillhavetochange.Whoknows?Ifitdoes,economistsmightfinallystartgettingsomerespect.26

[单选题]

Inthefirsttwoparagraphs,theauthorshowshisconcernsthat_____A.economistsarenolongersolelyinterestedineconomies.B.theoristsdonotprovideusefuladvicetothegovernment.C.thescientificstatusofeconomicswouldkeepdeclining.D.economistswouldhardlyregaintheirpublicrespect.正确答案：C参考解析：Farfromadvancing,thescienceofeconomicshasbeengoingbackwards.作为一门科学而言，不但没有向前发展，经济学一直在倒退，作者担心经济学的学术地位会进一步下降。C正确。27

[单选题]

WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Academicmodelsacceptpropersimplification.B.Realityshouldbeevadedwhendesigningmodels.C.Unrealisticassumptionsshouldbeadoptedinmodels.D.Macroeconomicsconcentratesonoversimplification.正确答案：A参考解析：Granted,justasmapshavetosimplifycomplexterrain,theoreticalmodelsmustignoreaspectsofrealitytobeanyuse.Butthere'salinebetweensimplificationandgrossdistortion,andmodernmaeroeconomicshascrossedit.

作者进一步指出当前经济学家身上出现的问题，即偏离现实。接着作者让步以地图为例，认为经济理论模型带有简化性无可厚非，但是过度简化就会造成扭曲，这也是现代宏观经济学所面临的问题。A正确。28

[单选题]

Theauthor'sattitudetowardPresidentObama'spolicyis_____A.skepticalB.supportiveC.ambiguousD.sarcastic正确答案：B参考解析：第四段作者以2008年经济危机为实例来证明当代经济学模型的失效，即这场危机无法以标准的经济模型进行解释，如果奥巴马政府以标准经济模型为基础来制定应对政策，则衰退会更加严重；由原文的虚拟语气可知，奥巴马政府事实上没有根据标准经济模型来制定政策，而避免了更加严重的经济衰退，所以作者对奥巴马的政策应该是支持的。故[B]为答案。29

[单选题]

Oneproblemwiththeleadingacademicjournalsisthat______A.theycontributelimitedimprovementstocurrenteconomictheory.B.theyprefertheoreticalconsistencyratherthanpracticalutility.C.theyprovidenopracticalguidancetocountereconomiccrises.D.theyencourageeconomiststoexpandtheirinterestsbroadly.正确答案：B参考解析：Buttheerroratthecoreofmodernmacroeconomics—thatmathematicalconsistencymattersmorethanempiricalrelevance—prevails.Justglancethroughtheleadingacademicjournals.

现代宏观经济学核心的错误是普遍存在的，这一点只要浏览一下诸多知名的学术期刊就能体会到。即数学一致性比实证经验相关性更重要。B正确。30

[单选题]

"This"inthelastparagraphrefersto______A.thefadingfeaturesofcurrentmacroeconomicsB.thedecliningstatusofeconomicsasascienceC.thedeficientbreakthroughsinmacroeconomicsD.theadverseeffectoftheoriesinmacroeconomics正确答案：D参考解析：在科学的每一个分支，理论研究都是实现突破的关键，对宏观经济学而言，理论研究是阻碍其发展的，必须改变现行的相关理论研究。this指代现行经济学理论的缺陷。D正确。材料题根据下面资料，回答31-35题"Natureisn'tclassical,andifyouwanttomakeasimulationofnature

you'dbettermakeitquantummechanical,andit'sawonderfulproblembecauseitdoesn'tlookeasy."Withthosewords,in1981,RichardFeynmanintroducedtheideathat,byharnessingquantummechanics,itmightbepossibletobuildanewkindofcomputer,capableoftacklingproblemsthatwouldcauseanordinarymachinetochoke.Overthepastfourdecadesquantumcomputershaveslowlyevolvedfromscrawlsontheoreticians'blackboardstosmallmachinesinuniversitylaboratoriestoresearchprojectsrunbysomeoftheworld'sbiggestcompanies.Nowoneofthosemachines,builtbyresearchersatGoogle,hasatlastshownwhatallthefussisabout.Itappearstohaveperformed,injustoverthreeminutes,ataskthattheworld'smostpowerfulclassicalsupercomputerwouldtakearound10,000yearstocomplete.Google'smachineisaspecial-purposedevicethatwasdesignedtosolveacontrivedproblemwithfewpracticaluses.Butthisdisplayofso-called"quantumsupremacy"isnonethelessamilestone.Whatmightquantumcomputingactuallybeusedfor?Thatquestionisobscuredbythepilesofmoneyandhyperbolethatsurroundit.Alongwith5GandAI,itisoneofthetechnologiesthatpresidents,ofbothcountriesandcompanies,lovetocite.Thereisexcitedtalkofarace,andoftherichesandpowerthatawaitthefirsttoseizethe"HolyGrailofcomputing".Despitethebreathlessness,quantumcomputersarenotmagical.Arichbodyoftheoreticalworkprovesthattheywillbepotent,butlimited.Forallthetalkofsupremacy,quantumcomputersarenotsuperiorineveryregardtotheirclassicalcousins.Indeedformanytaskstheywillofferlittleimprovement.Yetforsomeproblems—butonlysome—cleverprogrammersormathematicianscancreatealgorithmsthatexploitthemachines'quantumcapabilities.Inthosespecialcases,quantumcomputersofferhugegains,crunchingtasksthatwouldotherwisetakeyearsormillenniadowntominutesorseconds.Severalofthesealgorithmshavebeendeveloped.Theyofferaglimpseofwherequantumcomputersmightexcel.Inencryption,forexample,aquantummachinecouldquicklyuntanglethecomplexmathsthatunderliesmuchofthescramblingthatprotectsinformationonline.Techfirmsandgovernmentsareinvestigatingnewfoundationsforencryptionthatarenotknowntobesusceptibletoquantumcomputers.Butdeployingthemwillbetheworkofdecades.However,Google'saccomplishmentstronglysuggeststhepromiseofquantumtechnologycanberealizedinpracticeaswellastheory.Anditwilldrawevenmoremoneyandattentiontoared-hotfield.Agreatdealofengineeringworkremainsbeforequantumcomputerscanbeusedforreal-worldtasks.Butthatdayhassuddenlygotcloser.31

[单选题]

Bysaying"you'dbettermakeitquantummechanical"(Para.1),Feynmanmeansthat________A.quantumtechnologyhadalreadyunderhiscontrolatthattimeB.somemechanicsareneededtobuildaquantumcomputerC.thequantumtheorywasfirstproposedbyhimasatheoreticianD.conventionalcomputershaveadisadvantageinmodelingnature正确答案：D参考解析：RichardFeynmanintroducedtheideathat,byharnessingquantummechanics,itmightbepossibletobuildanewkindofcomputer,capableoftacklingproblemsthatwouldcauseanordinarymachinetochoke.Feynman说：自然并不是经典的，因此，如果你想要模拟它，就要使其量子化，然后他借用这句话提出了一个观点，利用量子力学创造出一个新型的计算机，可以解决普通计算机难以解决的问题，所以故选项D“普通计算机模拟自然方面有劣势”为答案。32

[单选题]

TheauthorholdsthatGoogle'squantumsupremacy________A.hasdrawnskepticismfromsomeofitsrivalsB.representsalong-soughtstrideinthisfieldC.isagreatexaggerationinitsannouncementD.needsclosescrutinytoconfirmitsresult正确答案：B参考解析：Google'smachineisaspecial-purposedevicethatwasdesignedtosolveacontrivedproblemwithfewpracticaluses.Butthisdisplayofso-called"quantumsupremacy"isnonethelessamilestone.作者认为这种计算机是用来解决特设好的问题的，没有什么实际作用，但是仍然是量子计算机发展的一个里程碑，作者对谷歌的成就是肯定的，故选项B“代表了这一领域长期探索的进展”为答案。33

[单选题]

TheauthorindicatesinParagraph3thattheresearchinquantumcomputing_______A.hasnocleardirectionsforresearcherstotakeB.hasattractedintensecompetitionbetweennationsC.hasinducedlargeamountsofwastefulinvestmentD.isaholypursuittomakeconsiderableadvance正确答案：B参考解析：Alongwith5GandAI,itisoneofthetechnologiesthatpresidents,ofbothcountriesandcompanies,lovetocite.Thereisexcitedtalkofarace,andoftherichesandpowerthatawaitthefirsttoseizethe"HolyGrailofcomputing".

除了5G和人工智能，量子计算技术也是各个国家总统和各大公司总裁挂在嘴边的词语，各个国家对于量子技术关注度都很高，并相互竞争，故选项B“引起了各国之间的激烈竞争”为正确答案。

34

[单选题]

ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5that,withpowerfulquantumcomputers_______.A.allexistingcyber-securitycodesaroundtheworldwillbebrokenB.layingfoundationsforuncrackableencryptionwillbeapriorityC.therivalryforunhackablecommunicationbetweencountrieswillceaseD.thestrategicpotentialofquantumtechnologyshouldberecognized正确答案：B参考解析：aquantummachinecouldquicklyuntanglethecomplexmathsthatunderliesmuchofthescramblingthatprotectsinformationonline.有了功能强大的量子计算机，如今大部分的网络安全加密都可以破解，选项B“为难以破解的加密技术做准备将成为当务之急”与此相符，故为答案。35

[单选题]

Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheAcclaimedApplicationofQuantumTechnologiesB.TheControversyOverQuantumSupremacyC.Google'sAchievementofQuantumTechnologiesD.Google'sQuantumComputerCompetitors正确答案：C参考解析：全文都在围绕量子技术，从第一段点题，提出量子技术可以解决传统计算机解决不了的问题，然后通过一系列的例子证明，Google'saccomplishmentstronglysuggeststhepromiseofquantumtechnologycanberealizedinpracticeaswellastheory.最后一段总结量子技术不仅能在理论上实现，也能在实践中应用。故选项C“谷歌的量子技术成就”作为标题最为合适。材料题根据下面资料，回答36-40题MattHancock,thenewhealthandsocialcaresecretary,isrightthattechnologyhasgreatpotentialtoimprovethequalityofourhealthcare—andsavemoneyintothebargain.Butitwon'tbeapanacea,anditraisesanumberofissuesoursocietymustdealwithnow.AIposesclearethicalchallenges.Untilrecently,patientswouldgotoadoctor,explaintheirsymptomsandthedoctorwouldattempttoprovideadiagnosis.Butincreasingly,patientsnowarrivehavingdonetheirresearchonline,allsettosuggestonadiagnosis,towhichthemedichastorespond.Doctorstellthatthisgameofcatch-upandpartialrole-reversalisalreadyskewingtherelationshipoftrust.Inadditiontothis,wenowhavealgorithm-baseddiagnostics.Thismeansmedicalknowledgeisnolongerbasedonwhatthedoctorthemselveshasstudiedandlearned.Algorithmscansupportdecision-makingbymedicalprofessionals,andoftenoutperformthedoctor.Weareseeingthiswithcancerdetection,andotherfieldswherecloseobservationofthepatientdatacancreatemuchmorepreciseandpersonalisedmedicine,andprovideearlierdiagnosis.Theanalysisofanindividual'stouchstrokesontheirmobilephonecouldshowupParkinson'sbecausetheirtextingspeeddecreasesovertime.Aswestarttoseethesepossibilitiesasfantasticratherthanfantastical,wemustalsobeawareofunintendedconsequences.Whatimpactwoulddoctorsincreasinglycomingtorelyonalgorithmshaveonthebodyofmedicalknowledge?Andhowdowemitigatetheriskthatalgorithmsmaynotbesufficientlysensitivetoeverythinggoingoninapatient'slife?Forexample,apatientwithahighlevelofanxietyandstressmaysufferanimpactthatnomachineisabletocapture.Algorithmswillalsohavetobeassessedtoensuretheyarenotbiasedagainstcertaingroups,especiallyastheymakedecisionswhichmayhaveverylong-lastingconsequencesonindividuals.TherearelotsofchallengesaheadforAI.Thetrickiestisgettingtheethicsright.Machinesaremachinesandwemustnothumanisethem.Whenwebringthemin,itmustbetoenhanceourhumanity—andthiscanonlybedoneifbothpatientsanddoctorsareengagedtohelpshapethefutureofmedicine.36

[单选题]

ItcanbelearnedfromthefirstparagraphthatA.technologyisnotaremedyforalldifficulties.B.MattHancockisarenownedtechenthusiast.C.technologyraisesmanydifficultproblems.D.MattHancockholdstechnologyisall-powerful.正确答案：A参考解析：A事实细节题。根据定位词定位到第一段。该段首句指出科技可以提高医疗质量、节约资金；第二句转折指出科技会引发许多问题，因此科技并非万能药，A项符合文意，故A项正确。37

[单选题]

TheobviousethicalchallengebroughtbyAIisA.complicatingtheworkofdoctors.B.reversingtheroleofdoctorandpatient.C.disbelievingwhatthedoctorhaslearned.D.distortingdoctor-patientrelationshipoftrust.正确答案：D参考解析：该段首句总述人工智能带来了明显的伦理挑战。第二、三句通过就诊方式的变化，说明科技导致医患信任扭曲，即人工智能带来的伦理挑战是扭曲医患之间的信任关系，D项符合文意，故D项正确。38

[单选题]

Theanalysisofanindividual'stouchstrokesiscitedtopresentA.acontrastingcase.B.arelatedtopic.C.asupportingexample.D.abackgroundstory.正确答案：C参考解析：根据定位词定位到第三段。该段首句指出，基于算法的诊断可能做得比医生更出色。第二、三句举例说明基于算法的诊断优势所在。第三句指出，对一个人在手机上的触屏打字进行分析，可以发现帕金森症，因为帕金森患者发短信的速度会随着时间的推移而降低。由此可知，这是对首句的一个正面例证，C项符合文意，故C项正确。39

[单选题]

Theauthor'sattitudetowardalgorithmscanbesaidtobeA.cautious.B.tolerant.C.biased.D.supportive.正确答案：A参考解析：根据定位词以及出题顺序定位到第四段。首句指出，我们也必须意识到一些意外的后果；接着是两个疑问句，提出对医生过度依赖人工智能所产生的后果及人工智能无法了解患者生活中的一切而带来风险的质疑，都表明了作者对算法的使用持谨慎态度，A项符合文意，故A项正确。40

[单选题]

FacingmanychallengesbroughtbyAI,A.doctorsandpatientsshouldworktogether.B.ethicalissuesshouldbeaddressedfirst.C.machinesshouldbeendowedwithhumanity.D.doctorsshouldlearntoenrichthemselves.正确答案：A参考解析：根据定位词定位到最后一段。首句指出，人工智能面临着许多挑战。最后一句指出，当我们将其带人(医疗行业)时，其作用必须是增强我们人类的能力--只有当患者和医生都参与进来(thiscanonlybedoneifbothpatientsanddoctorsaleengagedto)，帮助塑造医学的未来，才能做到这一点。据此结合四个选项可知，A项符合文意，故A项正确。材料题根据下面资料，回答41-45题A．AtKibale,largegroupsofchimpsrangetogether,andaggressionescalatesaccordingly.Wranghamobservedasthesebiggerpartiesofmalesgotexcitedandwentouton"patrol"inwhatlookedlikeanorganizedway：Theywalkedalongtheirterritorialborder,attackinglonechimpsfromneighboringcommunitieswhentheycameacrossthemenroute.Inhis1996book,DemonicMales,co-authoredwithDalePeterson,Wranghamrecappedthisandotherevidencetodrawadireportraitofhumanityasinherentlyviolentbyevolutionarylegacy.HerewasvividsupportforaHobbesianviewofhumannature,rootedingenetics.B．Wrangham,whoteachesbiologicalanthropologyatHarvard,wasinasenseworkingtowardthislatestventureinhistwopreviousbooks,whichexploretheopposingpolesofbehavior.Rnownedforhismeticulousfieldwork,especiallywithchimpsinUganda'sKibaleNationalPark,Wranghamshowedjusthowcommonchimpbrutalityis.JaneGoodall,oneofthescientistwhohavebeenfollowingmonkeys,apes,andothercreaturesintheirhabitats,hadacknowledgedwithfrankregretthatherbelovedchimpanzeescouldbequiteviolent.Onemotheranddaughterkilledtheinfantsofotherfemalesintheirgroup.Malesoftencoercedandbeatfemales,andwouldsometimesgangupandattackachimpfromanothergroup.C．Wranghamdrawsonthistroveofmaterialashepursuesyetanotherambitioushypothesis："Reducedreactiveaggressionmustfeaturealongsideintelligence,cooperatio