2021-2022学年广东省深圳市龙岗区高二上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）

202L2022学年广东省深圳市龙岗区高二上学期期中考试英语试题第一局部阅读理解（共两节，总分值50分）第一节阅读阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最正确选项（共15小题；每题2.5分，总分值37.5分）。CROSSITOFFYOURBUCKETLIST!AnytimeistherighttimetovisitGrandCentralTerminal!LocatedattheintersectionofParkAvenueand42ndStreet,theterminaliseasilyaccessibleonfoot,bysubway,bybusandbyMetro-Northtrain.Pleasenotethattheterminaldoesnotofferluggagestorage.Pleaseplanahead.Planyourvisit&thingstodo•Takeatour!Youcanseethemostfamousterminal.•Headupstairsifyou'relookingfordinnerunderthestarsatCiprianiDolciorMichaelJordan'sTheSteakHouseN.Y.C.oracocktailatTheCampbell.•Headdownstairsifyou'relookingforaquickbiteintheDiningConcourse.ShakeShackburgeroramemorablemealatthehistoricOysterBar&Restaurant,anyone?•HeadtoGrandCentralMarketifyou'relookingforauniqueshoppingexperience.Enjoyagreatmealatlocalvendors（摊贩）likeMurray*sCheese,EliZabar*sFarmtoTableandPescatoreSeafoodCompany.Accessibility:Theterminalisaccessibletovisitorswithdisabilities,butdoesnotprovidewheelchairrentals.Audio（声音的）toursOrpheo'sstate-of-the-artaudiodevice（设备）andheadsetcomeswithamapoftheterminalforjust$9peradultand$7discounted（seniors,military,students,kids）.Theaudiotourisalsoavailablesevendaysaweek（closedonlyonThanksgivingDayandChristmasDay）atthetoursofficeintheGraybarPassage.Hoursare9amto6pm,butmaybeextendedduringtheholidays.Theself-guidedtourcanlastasshortas30minutestojustoveranhour.Docent-led（有讲解员带着的）toursThetourlasts75minutes.Thecostis$30foradultsor$20forseniors（65+）,studentsandkids.Hoursare9amto6pm,butmaybeextendedduringtheholidays.Spaceislimited.WherecantouristsgowhenvisitingGrandCentralMarket?A.TheCampbell.B.CiprianiDolci.【17题详解】根据空前的Yousee,winnerssimplydowhatlosersdon'twanttodo.你看，胜利者只是做失败者不想做的事。可知C选项中的they指代前文的winners,且和前文是并列关系，且句意（他们一直这样做，直到他们得到他们想要的成功）联系上下文，应选E项。【18题详解】不艮据空前的Manypeoplewhohavefaileddonotknowhowclosetheyaretosuccesswhentheygiveup.许多失败的人不知道当他们放弃的时候离成功有多近。可知A选项中的they指代前文的manypeople,且语意（他们实际上没有失败;他们太容易放弃了）承接上文，应选A项。【19题详解】根据文章结构可知，空处填段落的主旨句，根据空后的Ifwekeepdoing,wecangainalmostanythingwewant....Talentcan,t,fortherearemanytalentedpeoplewhoarenotsuccessful.可知坚持能带来我们想要的一切，天赋不能决定成功，因为有很多有天赋的人并不成功。故F选项（永远不要忘记，坚持才是最重要的）可概括本段内容，且选项中的persistence和下文相呼应，应选F项。【20题详解】根据空前的Talentcan't,fbrtherearemanytalentedpeoplewhoarenotsuccessful.可知从句子结构上和D项构成排比句，且D选项语意（教育不能，因为世界上到处都是受过教育的失败者）和本段主旨相关，应选D项。第二局部语言运用（共两节，总分值65分）第一节完形填空选项（共15小题；每题2分，总分值30分）。IhavelearntalotaboutChineselifeandcultureandfoundthemveryinteresting.First,familylifeisquite21inChinafromthatintheUSA.IntheUSA,manyyoungpeople22homeaftertheyfinishtheireducationandstartworking.However,inChina,itis23forpeopletolivewiththeirparentsuntiltheygetmarried.Also,manyofmyChinesefriendstoldmethattheir24livedwiththemandhelpedtakecareofthemwhentheywerechildren.ItseemsthatAmericansthinkindependenceismoreimportant25theChinesethinkfamilyrelationshipsaremoreimportant.Bargainingisanother26thatIhavetriedtolearn.IntheUSA,pricesare27andyoucan'taskfbralowerprice.HoweverinsomesmallChinesestoresandtouristplaces,youare28tobargain.MyChinesefriendstaughtmetoaskfor40percentor50percent29theoriginalprice.Ifthesalespersondoesn'tagreetomyprice,Ishould30toleaveandhemightletmecomebackandsellmetheitem.Itisaskillthatyouhaveto31ifyouliveinChina.Tippinghasn'tbeeneasiertoadjustto.IntheUSA,manypeopleintheserviceindustrywanttoget32moneyforservingcustomers.TippingisnotapartofChineseculture.OnceItriedtotipataxidriver.Helookedalittle33andrefusedtotakethemoney.Indinners,perhapswhatsurprisesanAmericanvisitorthemostisthatsomeoftheChinesehostsliketoputfoodintotheplatesoftheir34,Actually,thisisasignoftruefriendshipandpoliteness.MyChinesefriendtoldmeifIdidn'twanttoeatit,Ishouldjust35thefoodintheplate.21.A.uniqueB.differentC.privateD.harmonious22.A.comeB.buildC.leaveD.abandon23.A.regularB.trueC.commonD.usual24.A.parentsB.relativesC.babysittersD.grandparents25.A.whileB.sinceC.whenD.as26.A.wayB.customC.lessonD.habit27.A.madeB.agreedC.chargedD.set28.A.expectedB.taughtC.suggestedD.required29.A.upB.awayC.offD.on30.A.promiseB.pretendC.decideD.hope31.A.tolerateB.understandC.practiseD.consider32.A.easyB.extraC.pocketD.prize33.A.excitedB.satisfiedC.frightenedD.confused34.A.ownB.childrenC.neighborsD.guests35.A.leaveB.remainC.putD.taste【答案】2LB22.C23.C24.D25.A26.B27.D28.A29.C30.B31.C32.B33.D34.D35.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了中国和美国在各种文化方面的差异，从家庭生活，讨价还价和给小费等方面进行比拟。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：首先，中国的家庭生活和美国有很大的不同。A.unique独特的；B.different不同的；C.private私人的；D.harmonious和谐的。结合后文描述美国和中国的家庭生活差异可知，中国的家庭生活和美国的家庭生活十分不同(different)。应选B。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在美国，许多年轻人在完成学业并开始工作后离开家。A.come来到；B.build建造；Cleave离开；D.abandon抛弃。后文however表示转折，说明美国与中国年轻人一直和父母住到结婚不同，美国的年轻人在完成学业后就会离开（leave）家去工作。应选C。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，在中国，人们在结婚前都和父母住在一起是很常见的。'regular定期的；B.true真实的；C.common常见的；D.usual通常的。结合常识，在中国，和父母住在一起直到结婚，这是很常见的（common）。应选C。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：还有，我的许多中国朋友告诉我，他们的祖父母在他们小时候和他们住在一起,照顾他们。A.parents父母；B.relatives亲戚;C.babysitters保姆；D.grandparents祖父母。根据后文“helpedtakecareofthemwhentheywerechildren”以及常识可知在中国孩子小的时候，祖父母会和他们生活在一起并帮着照顾他们。应选D。【25题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：美国人似乎认为独立更重要，而中国人认为家庭关系更重要。A.while然而，在……期间；B.since自从；C.when当……时候；D.as正如。while意为“但是，而”，强调两种情况的比照。美国人认为独立更重要，而中国人认为家庭关系更重要。应选A。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：讨价还价是我努力学习的另一个习俗。A.way方法；B.custom习俗；C.lesson课程；D.habit习惯。结合上文“Bargaining”可知讨价还价是另外一个中国的习俗。应选B。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在美国，价格是固定的，你不能要求更低的价格。A.made制作；B.agreed同意;Ccharged填充;D.set确定，设置。根据后文“youcan'taskforalowerprice”可知，在美国,价格是确定好了的，不能讲价。应选D。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在一些小的中国商店和旅游景点，你有望讨价还价。A.expected期待；B.taught教授；C.suggested建议;D.required需要。结合后文“tobargain”可知在一些中国的小商店或旅游的地方，你有望讨价还价。短语beexpectedto“有望做某事”。应选A。【29题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：我的中国朋友教给我要去掉原价的40%或是50%。A.up向上；B.away离开；C.off脱离；D.on在上面。结合后文"theoriginalprice可知此处应用介词off表示“减价，削价”。应选Co【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果销售人员不同意我的价格，我应该假装离开，这样他可能会让我回来把东西卖给我。A.promise承诺;B.pretend假装;C.decide决定;D.hope希望。结合后文“hemightletmecomebackandsellmetheitem?,可知是假装离开,为了让售货员同意自己的出价，pretendtodo”假装做某事”。应选Bo【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你住在中国，这是你必须练习的技能。A.tolerate忍受；B.understand理解;C.practise练习；D.consider考虑。结合上文“Itisaskill”可知skill“技能”应与practise搭配。应选C。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在美国，许多从事服务业的人都想通过服务客户来赚外快。A.easy容易的；B.extra额外的；Cpocket小型的；D.prize奖品。结合常识，在美国许多在服务性行业的人都通过服务顾客来获得额外的(extra)钱，即小费。应选B。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他看起来有一点儿困惑，拒绝接受这个钱。A.excited激动的；B.satisfed满意的；C.frightened害怕的；D.confused困惑的。结合上文"TippingisnotapartofChineseculture.v可知小费不是中国的习俗，所以司机看起来有点困惑。应选D。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在晚宴上，也许最让美国客人惊讶的是，一些中国主人喜欢把食物放进客人的盘子里。A.own拥有；B.children孩子；C.neighbors邻居；D.guests客人。结合上文“Chinesehosts”可知此处指主人喜欢给客人的盘子里添食物。应选D。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的中国朋友告诉我，如果我不想吃，就把食物留在盘子里。A.leave留下，离开；B.remain保持；C.put放置；D.taste品尝。结合上文“ifIdidn'twanttoeatit”可知不想吃食物，就把食物留在盘子里。应选A。第二节语法单项选择(共10小题；每题2分，总分值20分)CathyistakingnotesofthegrammaticalrulesinclassatSunshineSchool,wheresheEnglishforayear.A.studiesB.studiedC.isstudyingD.hasbeenstudying【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：凯茜正在阳光学校记语法规那么，她已经在那里学习英语一年了。现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在,可能还要继续下去。根据所提供的情景“CathyistakingnotesofthegrammaticalrulesinclassatSunshineSchool”和时间状语foryears可判断出要用现在完成进行时,表示动作一直在延续着。应选D项。Therestofthelectureinteresting.A.isB.areC.maybeD.sound【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词单复数。句意：讲座的其余局部很有趣。根据主谓一致原那么，主语是“Therestofthelecture”指一场演讲的剩下局部，是单数概念，因此动词用第三人称单数，选项is符合。应选A项。Thereasonforhefailedintheexamwasthathewastoocareless.A.whichB.whyC.thatD.it【答案】A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他考试不及格的原因是他太粗心了。分析句子结构可知，句中含有限制性定语从句，先行词是reason,从句中不缺少主语或宾语，那么可以用关系副词why引导定语从句，相当于介词for后接关系代词whicho应选A。【点睛】ItwasinBeihaiParktheymadeadateforthefirsttimetheoldcoupletoldustheirlovestory.A.where;thatB.that;thatC.where;whenD.that;when【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查定语从句和强调句。句意：就是在他们第一次约会的北海公园，这对老夫妻告诉我们他们的爱情故事。分析可知，第一空引导定语从句，先行词park,关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where；去掉itwas和第二空句子依然完整，故此处考查强调句：itbe+强调局部+that（强调人可用who）,本句强调地点状语，应用that。应选A。inafamousuniversityiswhatmoststudentswishfor.A.ToeducateB.EducatedC.BeingeducatedD.Educating【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在一个有名的大学里受教是大多数学生都希望的。空处为句子主语，应用不定式或动名词，又大多数学生与教育的关系是被动关系，所以应用被动形式，综上，用动名词或不定式的被动式。应选C。Atthefootofthemountain.A.avillagelieB.liesavillageC.doesavillagelieD.lyingavillage【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查完全倒装。句意：山脚下有一座村庄。介词短语作地点状语位于句首时，句子应该用完全倒装。应选B。ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversitiesrisingsteadilysince2000.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查谓语时态和主谓一致。句意：来华求学的外国留学生的数量自从2000开始一直在稳定增长。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语。根据时间状语since可知，此处可用现在完成时，主语Thenumberofforeignstudents与谓语动词rise之间为主动关系，且主语为单数概念，hasbeendoing为现在完成进行时,侧重强调动作从过去到现在一直持续的状态。应选D。It'sapitythatthegreatwriterdiewithhisworks.A.tofinishB.unfinishingC.finishedD.unfinished【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位伟大的作家尚未创作完成这部作品就盍然而逝。分析句子结构可知，此处为“with+sth+现在分词/过去分词（宾补）”的复合结构，hisworks与所给动词之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式；又根据句意可知，他的作品并未完成，故填D项。Jackisagreattalker.It'shightimethatsomethinginsteadofjusttalking.A.willdoB.hasdoneC.doD.did【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：杰克是个很健谈的人。是时候做点什么了，而不只是说说而已。在句型“It'Shightimethat中，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时态或shoulddo,且should不能省。应选D项。-Thelastonepaysthemeal.-Agreed!A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving【答案】c【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最后一个到的人请客。同意！当名词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，用todo作后置定语。应选C。第三节语法填空(共10小题；每题1.5分，总分值15分)阅读下面材料，在答题卡上填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。ChinesetennislegendLiNawillbeinductedintotheInternationalTennisHallofFame.46(amazing),LiisthefirstAsianplayer47(receive)thesport'sultimatehonor.ShewasjoinedbyMaryPierceandYevgenyKafelnikovforthehallsClassof2019,which48(announce)attheAustralianOpenlastmonth.Liretiredin2014becauseofrecurringkneeinjuries,eightmonthsafterwinningthatyear'sAustralianOpenand49(rise)toacareer-highsecondintheWTAranking.HerfirstGrandSlamtrophycameatthe2011FrenchOpen,50shedefeatedfourtop-1051(opponent)alongtheway.To52(she)credit,thoseon-courtachievements,alongwithL'sengaging53(personal),helpedspurinterestintennisathomeinChina.“IhavelovedseeingthesportgrowinChina,“Lisaidin54statement,"andI'mproudtobepartofthathistory.^^Theformalinductionceremonywillbeheld55July20thinRhodeIsland.【答案】46.Amazinglytoreceivewasannouncedrising50.whereopponentsher53.personality54.a55.on【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物传记，介绍了中国网球选手李娜的职业生涯及取得的成就。【46题详解】考查副词。句意：令人惊讶的是，李娜是第一位获得这项运动最高荣誉的亚洲运发动。修饰整个句子用副词，故填Amazingly。【47题详解】考查不定式。句意参考上题解析，当被修饰词前有序数词修饰时，用不定式作定语，故填toreceive。【48题详解】考查时态语态。句意：上个月，澳大利亚网球公开赛宣布，皮尔斯和菲尔尼克夫将会和她一起角逐2019年网球名人堂。which指代前面的内容，与announce之间是被动关系，而且发生在过去，应该用一般过去时的被动语态，故填wasannouncedo【49题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：李娜于2014年退役，原因是膝伤复发，8个月前，她赢得了当年的澳网冠军并在WTA排名中升至职业生涯第二。此处与winning并列用动名词作介词after的宾语，故填risingo【50题详解】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：她的第一个大满贯奖杯是在2011年法国网球公开赛上获得的，在那里她击败了四名排名前十的对手。先行词为2011FrenchOpen,指地点，关系词在非限定性定语从句中作地点状语,故填whereo[51题详解】考查名词。句意参考上题解析，four修饰可数名词复数，故填opponents。【52题详解】考查代词。句意：值得赞扬的是，这些球场上的成就，加上她迷人的个性，激发了中国国内对网球的兴趣。修饰名词credit用形容词性物主代词，故填hero【53题详解】考查名词。句意参考上题解析，作alongwith的宾语用名词，故填personality。【54题详解】考查冠词。句意：李娜在一份声明中说“我很高兴看到这项运动在中国得到开展”。此处泛指“一份声明”，故填a。【55题详解】考查介词。句意：正式的入职典礼将于7月20日在罗德岛州举行。表示“在具体某一天”用介词on。第三局部写作（共三节，总分值35分）第一节单词拼写请根据括号里的汉语提示写出正确的英语单词（共10小题；每题1分，总分值10分，形式错误。分）Everyoneknowsthatsuccess（很少；难得）happensovernight.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）【答案】rarely##hardly##seldom【解析】【详解】考查副词。句意：每个人都知道成功不是一蹴而就的。根据汉语提示“很少，难得”，可以直接用程度副词rarely,hardly或者seldom,在句子中作状语，表示否认含义。故填rarely/hardly/seldom。“Wefeelthatwedon'tknowthecentralcharacterwellenough^^wasthe（扑匕评，指责）hereceivedonhismanuscriptforTheCatcherintheRye.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）【答案】criticism【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词。句意：《麦田里的守望者》的原稿受到的批评是:我们觉得我们对主人公还不够了解。分析句子和空格前the可知，设空处应填名词作表语，再结合句意“批评”是criticism。故填criticism。【点睛】Hestudied（人生哲学）andpsychologyatYale.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）【答案】philosophy【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：他在耶鲁大学学习哲学和心理学。根据汉语提示“人生哲学”，以及空格前的动词可知，该处应填写名词，作宾语。故填philosophy。Hofman'sinspirationfbrFloatingFishcamefromChinese（民间故事）passeddownthroughthegenerations.（根据汉语提示完成句子）【答案】folktales【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词短语。句意：霍夫曼对浮鱼的灵感来源于世代相传的中国民间故事。分析句子结构可知,设空处需填入名词或名词短语作介词from的宾语，根据汉语提示“民间故事”可知，folktale符合句意，句中没有表示单数形式的冠词，因而此处用复数形式。故填folktales。【点睛】Thecaptainoftheship,theBeagle,wantedsomeonewhowould"profitbytheopportunityofvisiting（遥远的）countriesyetlittleknown”.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）【答案】distant【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：小猎犬号的船长，希望有人愿意利用这次远航，去探访遥远的未知国度。根据汉语提示“遥远的”，以及空格后的名词可知，此处应填写形容词作定语，故填distant。AfterDarwinhadspentsometimeinSouthAmerica,hisroomontheshipwascrowdedwith（样品）oftheplantsandanimalshehadcollected.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）【答案】samples【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：达尔文在南美呆了一段时间后，他船上的房间里挤满了他提供的动植物样本。根据汉语提示“样品”，可以采用sample,因其是可数名词，以及句意表示很多样本，所以应该用复数。故填samplesoDarwin（'怀疑）thatthefincheshadevolvedfromacommonancestor,whichhadarrivedontheislandsalongtimebefore.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）【答案】suspected##doubted【解析】【详解】考查动词时态。句意：达尔文猜想雀类是从一个共同的祖先进化而来的，这个祖先很久以前就来到了这个岛屿。根据汉语提示“怀疑”，可以采用suspect或者doubt,根据句意可知，达尔文的猜想是过去发生的，应该用过去时。故填suspected或者doubted。Thefirstlandmarktocatchmyeyeisthe（X±丽的）QingshuiheBridge,theworld'slongestbridgebuiltoverpermafrost.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）【答案】splendid【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：第一个吸引我眼球的地标是壮观的清水河大桥，世界上最长的建在冻土之上的大桥。根据汉语提示“壮丽的“，以及空格后的名词，空格处应填形容词来修饰QingshuiheBridge,splendid符合句意和语法。故填splendid。Waterbirdsplayinginthelake,andcattleandsheep（徘彳回）thegrasslandsbringthescenerytolife.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）【答案】wandering【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：湖中嬉戏的水鸟和草地上漫步的牛羊让风景生动起来。根据汉语提示“徘徊”以及句子结构可知，此处非谓语动词wander和所修饰的名词cattleandsheep之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词wandering作后置定语。故填wanderingoTheexhibitionisstructuredaroundthethemesofworkand（休闲）.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）C.EliZabar'sFarmtoTable.D.ThehistoricOysterBar&RestaurantWhatcanbeofferedbytheterminal?A.Luggagestorage.B.Freeaudiodevices.C.Wheelchairrentals.D.TraveldiscountforstudentsWhatdoaudiotoursanddocent-ledtourshaveincommon?Eachoftheirtoursisself-guided.Eachoftheirtourslastslessthananhour.Theyarenormallyavailablefor9hourseachday.Theycanbebookedinadvanceduringtheholidays.【答案】l.C2.D3.C【解析】【分析】本文是应用文。文章介绍了美国纽约中央火车站附近的游览信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Planyourvisit&thingstodo局部中的HeadtoGrandCentralMarketifyou'relookingforauniqueshoppingexperience.Enjoyagreatmealatlocalvendors（摊贩）likeMurray?sCheese,EliZabar'sFarmtoTableandPescatoreSeafoodCompany.可知参观中央市场时可以去EliZabar,sFarm,所以选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Audio（声音的）tours局部中的Orpheo'sstate-of-the-artaudiodevice（设备）andheadsetcomeswithamapoftheterminalforjust$9peradultand$7discounted（seniors,military,students,kids）.以及Docent-led（有讲解员带着的）tours局部中的Thecostis$30foradultsor$20forseniors（65+）,studentsandkids.可知，这两种旅游方式都会给老年人、学生、孩子折扣优惠。同时根据文中的theterminaldoesnotofferluggagestorage以及Theterminal...butdoesnotprovidewheelchairrentals.可知，选I）项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Audio（声音的）tours和Docent-led（有讲解员带着的）tours局部中的Hoursare9amto6pm,butmaybeextendedduringtheholidays.可知，这两种旅游方式一般都是从早上9点开始到下午6点结束，故选C项。Brdbeenthinkingoftakingacourseonscuba-diving（水肺潜水）formonths,butwasn'tsurebecauseIwasafraidofsnakes!Seasnakes.Justthinkingaboutitmademesick.Butthen,Iwantedtoknowwhypeopleloveditsomuch.Theyallsaidthatundertheseawaslikeatotallydifferentworld,yetabeautifulone.Andbecauseofthat,Idecidedtotaketheriskandtrytofacemyfear.【答案】leisure【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：这次展览以工作和休闲为主题。根据汉语提示“休闲”以及空格前并列连词and可知，空格处应该填名词和work表示并列，可以用不可数名词leisure“休闲”。故填leisure。第二节基础写作（总分值25分）66.假定你是李华，你有一位网友David是在中国学习的交换生。最近他身体不好，经常感冒，影响了学习。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：.饮食，运动的重要性；2.给出建议；3.你的祝愿注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；【答案】DearDavid,Fmverysorrytolearnthatyouhavenotbeenfeelingquiteyourselfthesedays,whichaffectsyourstudyalot.PersonallyIthinkyouneedtopayattentiontothefollowingaspects.Firstofall,keepabalanceddiet,whichisthekeytokeepingfit.Besides,takeregularexercise,whichcanbuildupyourbodyandpreventdiseasesattackingyouatthesametime.Onlyinthiswaycanyouguaranteeahealthybodyandefficientstudy.Wishyouallthebest.Yours,LiHua【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文，要求考生给最近身体状况欠佳的外国网友David写一封电子邮件，就如何保持身体健康，提出一些建议，并祝福他早日康复。【详解】1.词汇积累感到不适：feelsick一fbeluncomfortable在我看来：asfarasI'mconcerned—>personally逐渐增强：strengthen一buildup确保：makesureoi—>guarantee.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Onlyinthiswaycanyouguaranteeahealthybodyandefficientstudy.拓展句：Onlyinthiswaycanyouguaranteeahealthybody,whichcaninturnassureyouofefficientstudy.【点睛】[高分句型1]Onlyinthiswaycanyouguaranteeahealthybodyandefficientstudy.（运用了only+状语局部倒装结构）[高分句型2]Besides,takeregularexercise,whichcanbuildupyourbodyandpreventdiseasesattackingyouatthesametime.（运用了which引导的非限定性定语从句）So,aftertakingaprivatecoursefrommydivinginstructor,MbakVita,IwenttoSepaIslandwithher,totakethefinalexam.Firstdive,12metersindepth."WhatamIdoing?”Iaskedmyself."Whatifsomethingbadhappened?^^Itriedhardnottopanicandtoldmyselftokeepagoodthought,"It'sgonnabeawonderfulexperience.Justdoit!”ThenIwentdown.MyheartbeatfastandmyearshurtasIwentdeeper.IfollowedVita'sinstructionscloselyuntilIfeltcomfortabletoexplorethesea.Suddenlyallaroundmewasgreen.ItfeltlikeIwaslivinginagreenworld!Isawsomecorals（珊瑚），bigones,andlotsofbeautifulfishhidinginthesand.Iwasenjoyingthebeautyallaroundmewhenmyinstructorwavedatmewithherhandholdingapinkflipper（橡胶蹊）."Thatflipperlooksfamiliar/71thought.Yes!Thatwasmyflipper!Ididn'trealizethatmyrightflipperhadmanagedtogetawayfrommyrightfoot!thatwasthefirstdive.Intotal,wedove5timesin2days.Wemanagedtodiveupto18metersindepth.ThenextdivesweresmoothandforsureIdidn'tlosemyflipper!IwassohappytoseedifferenttypesoffishswimminginfrontofmeasifIwasinvisible（不可见的）.Itwasindeedsobeautifulandpeacefuldownthere.NowIcanseewhypeoplelovedivingunderthesea.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutlearningscuba-divingatfirst?A.Uncertain.B.ExcitedCComfortable.D.Disappointed.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“panic“inParagraph4mean?A.Feeltiredandsleepy.B.Keepcoolandrelaxed.C.Keepquietandpatient.D.Feelnervousandworried.Whathappenedduringtheauthor'sfirstdive?Shesawaseasnake.Aflipperfelloffherfoot.Theseawaterturnedgreen.Shelostherinstructorinthesea.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?ApleasanttriptothebeachMyfirstexperiencewithscuba-divingWhyapersonstartsscuba-divingDHowscuba-divingaffectsmylife【答案】4A5.D6.B7.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者第一次下海潜水的经历。【4题详解】细节理解题。由第一段中的“I'dbeenthinkingoftakingacourseonscuba-diving（水肺潜水）formonths,butwasn'tsurebecauseIwasafraidofsnakes!”几个月来，我一直想上水肺潜水课，但是我不确定，因为我怕蛇！可知，作者对于是否参加潜水课程犹豫不定。应选A项。【5题详解】词句猜想题。由画线词前面作者问自己的问题“Whatamidoing?（我在干什么？）”和“Whatifsomethingbadhappened?（如果发生了不好的事情怎么办？）”以及下文中的“keepagoodthought（保持良好的心态）”和“Justdoit（就这么干吧）”可知，作者内心紧张担忧，但要努力克服这种感觉，给自己加油打气。应选D项。【6题详解】细节理解题。由第六段中的“Iwasenjoyingthebeautyallaroundmewhenmyinstructorwavedatmewithherhandholdingapinkflipper（橡胶蹊）.“Thatflipperlooksfamiliar/9Ithought.Yes!Thatwasmyflipper!Ididn'trealizethatmyrightflipperhadmanagedtogetawayfrommyrightfoot!So,thatwasthefirstdive.”我正在享受我身边的美景时，我的老师向我挥她手中的一个粉红色的橡胶蹊。“那只脚蹊看起来很眼熟。"我想。是的！那是我的脚蹊！我不知道我的右脚蹊已经从我的右脚挣脱开了！这是第一次潜水。可知，作者第一次在海底潜水时，右脚穿的橡胶蹊脱落了。应选B项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。作者在文章开头两段介绍了学习潜水的原因：想知道为什么许多人喜爱潜水，为海底世界所痴迷。接下来主要讲述了作者参加完潜水课程，进行第一次实地潜水的经历。可知，短文的最正确标题为“我的第一次水肺潜水经历”。应选B项。【点睹】细节理解题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解，同学们假设能根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比拟和分析，便可确定最正确答案。多数情况下，作者不会明确的呈现一个事实，读者需要根据已有的信息进行处理，读出言外之意。还要特别注意文章的时间顺序、故事发生的地点、情节的开展和人物之间的关系。例如，第3题，由第六段中的“Iwasenjoyingthebeautyallaroundmewhenmyinstructorwavedatmewithherhandholdingapinkflipper（橡胶蹊）."ThatflipperlooksfhmiliarjIthought.Yes!Thatwasmyflipper!Ididn'trealizethatmyrightflipperhadmanagedtogetawayfrommyrightfoot!So,thatwasthefirstdive."我正在享受我身边的美景时，我的老师向我挥她手中的一个粉红色的橡胶蹊。“那只脚蹊看起来很眼熟。”我想。是的！那是我的脚蹊！我不知道我的右脚蹊已经从我的右脚挣脱开了！这是第一次潜水。可知，作者第一次在海底潜水时，右脚穿的橡胶蹊脱落了。应选B项。cEatingoutissuchapleasure—thefood,thewine,thejoyofhavingitallbroughttoyoubysomeoneelse—thatit'sapitytoruintheexperiencebysharingitwithotherpeople.Well,Idolikevisitingrestaurantswithfriends.Butdiningoutalonehasitsownveryspecialattractions.Forastartyoucangiveallyourattentiontothefood.There'snothingworsethanhavingtoinventanddeliveranopiniononschoolleaguetablesorSanchez'smovetoManchesterUnited,pluslistentoeveryoneelse'sopinions,whenallyoureallywanttodoisenjoyeachmouthfulalongtheway.Asecondgreatthingabouteatingoutaloneisthechancetocombinefoodwithoneoflife'sothertruepleasures:reading.Youhavetoplanthiscarefully:IndianorChineserestaurantsarebest—youneedfoodyoucaneatwithjustonehand,leavingtheotherfreetoholdyourreadingmaterial.Butperhapsthebiggestattractionofatableforoneisthechanceitgivestopeople-watching.Restaurantsandthedifferentreasonsforvisitingthem—firstdate,businessmeeting,nightoutwithfriends—producehumanbehaviourofsuiprisingrichnessandvariety.Willthemansellinghisbusinessideagetanyjoyoutofhispossibleinvestor（投资者）？Willthemarriedcouplethinkofanythingtosaytoeachotherbeforetheirmaincoursesarrive?This"humanzoo“partofeatingoutaloneisoneofthereasonsFdhatetobefamous:everyonewouldbewatchingyou,soyouwouldn'tbeabletowatchthem.ThesnookerplayerSteveDavissaysthiswasoneofthestrangestconsequences（后果）ofbecomingwell-known:hegotveryworriedabouthiseatinginpublic,almosttothelevelofdoubtingwhetherhewas"doingitright.”Sonexttimeyou'reconsideringyoureatingoutchoices,remembertheadviceofthebusinessmanNubarGulbenkian:"Thebestnumberforadinnerpartyistwo—myselfandasuperheadwaiter.^^Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?Thereasonsforeatingoutalone.Thetroublewitheatinginpublic.Thesuggestionsaboutdiningout.Thefearofmakingdiningchoices.Whatisthebestpartofdiningoutalone?Onecanfixone'seyesonthefood.Onecanenjoyreadingwhileeating.Oneislikelytocomeacrossfamouspeople.Oneisgiventhechancetowatchotherdiners.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinparagraph5?ASteveDaviscaredtoomuchabouttablemanners.Famouspeoplearealwaysthecenterofattention.Beingfamousmayruinthejoyofeatingoutalone.Beingwatchedseemsfarbetterthanwatchingothers.Whatissuggestedattheendofthetext?A.Diningwithfriends.B.Chattingoverdinner.C.Havingatableforone.D.Sharingatablewithawaiter.【答案】8.A9.D10.C11.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了单独外出就餐的诸多原因和好处，作者建议单独外出就餐。【8题详解】主旨大意题。第二段第二句Butdiningoutalonehasitsownveryspecialattractions.是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了单独外出就餐的诸多原因，应选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段第一句Butperhapsthebiggestattractionofatableforoneisthechanceitgivestopeople-watching.可知，一个人吃饭最棒的局部是有机会观察其他食客，应选D。30题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段ThesnookerplayerSteveDavissaysthiswasoneofthestrangestconsequences（后果）ofbecomingwell-known:hegotveryworriedabouthiseatinginpublic,almosttothelevelofdoubtingwhetherhewas“doingitright.”（斯诺克选手SteveDavis表示，这是成名后最奇怪的后果之一：他非常担忧自己在公共场合吃东西，几乎到了怀疑自己“做得对不对”的程度。）可知，作者在第五段想告诉我们：知名可能会破坏独自外出吃饭的乐趣，应选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后——段Sonexttimeyou9reconsideringyoureatingoutchoices,remembertheadviceofthebusinessmanNubarGulbenkian:“Thebestnumberforadinnerpartyistwo—myselfandasuperheadwaiter."（所以，下次你在考虑外出就餐时，请记住商人NubarGulbenkian的建议：“晚宴上最好的数字是两个一一我和一个服务员。”）可推知，文章结尾的建议是“要一张一个人的餐桌”，应选C。DHowdoesanecosystem（生态系统）work?Whatmakesthepopulationsofdifferentspeciesthewaytheyare?Whyaretheresomanyfliesandsofewwolves?Tofindananswer,scientistshavebuiltmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs,notingwhoeatswhomandhowmucheachoneeats.Withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.Mostfoodwebs,forinstance,consistofmanyweaklinksratherthanafewstrongones.Whenapredator（掠食动物）alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey（猎物）,thetwospeciesarestronglylinked;whenapredatorlivesonvariousspecies,theyareweaklylinked.Foodwebsmaybedominatedbymanyweaklinksbecausethatarrangementismorestableoverthelongterm.Ifapredatorcaneatseveralspecies,itcansurvivetheextinction（灭绝）ofoneofthem.Andifapredatorcanmoveontoanotherspeciesthatiseasiertofindwhenapreyspeciesbecomesrare,theswitchallowstheoriginalpreytorecover.Theweaklinksmaythuskeepspeciesfromdrivingoneanothertoextinction.Mathematicalmodelshavealsorevealedthatfoodwebsmaybeunstable,wheresmallchangesoftoppredatorscanleadtobigeffectsthroughoutentireecosystems.Inthe1960s,scientistsproposedthatpredatorsatthetopofafoodwebhadasurprisingamountofcontroloverthesizeofpopulationsofotherspecies-includingspeciestheydidnotdirectlyattack.Andunplannedhumanactivitieshaveprovedtheideaoftop-downcontrolbytoppredatorstobetrue.Intheocean,wefishedfortoppredatorssuchascodonanindustrialscale,whileonland,wekilledofflargepredatorssuchaswolves.Theseactionshavegreatlyaffectedtheecologicalbalance.Scientistshavebuiltanearly-warningsystembasedonmathematicalmodels.Ideally,thesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.Preventioniskey,scientistssay,becauseonceecosystemspasstheirtippingpoint（临界点），itisremarkablydifficultforthemtoreturn.Astronglinkisfoundbetweentwospecieswhenapredator.A.hasawidefoodchoiceB.caneasilyfindnewpreyC.stickstoonepreyspeciesD.canquicklymovetoanotherplaceWhatwillhappenifthepopulationsoftoppredatorsinafoodwebgreatlydecline?Thepreyspeciestheydirectlyattackwilldieout.Thespeciestheyindirectlyattackwillturnintotoppredators.Thelivingenvironmentofotherspecieswillremainunchanged.Thepopulationsofotherspecieswillexperienceunexpectedch