词汇2019年版商务business vocabulary in use中高intermediate中级

INUSESelf-studyandThirdEditionINUSESelf-studyandThirdEditionIntermediatewithanswersINUSESelf-studyINUSESelf-studyandclassroomuseThirdEditionIntermediateBillMascullUniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeUniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdomOneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,NY10006,USA477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,VIC3207,Australia4843/24,2ndFloor,AnsariRoad,Daryaganj,Delhi–110002,India79AnsonRoad,#06–04/06,Singapore079906CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge.ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitofeducation,learningandresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence.Informationonthistitle:©CambridgeUniversityPress2017Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexceptionandtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.Firstpublished2002SecondEdition2010ThirdEdition20172019181716151413121110987654321PrintedinMalaysiabyVivarPrintingAcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibraryISBN978-1-316-62998-7BookwithAnswersISBN978-1-316-62997-0BookwithAnswersandEbookCambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication,anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate.Informationregardingprices,traveltimetables,andotherfactualinformationgiveninthisworkiscorrectatthetimeoffirstprintingbutCambridgeUniversityPressdoesnotguaranteetheaccuracyofsuchinformationthereafter.ContentsINTRODUCTION89Managers,executivesanddirectorsManagersandexecutives:UKManagersandexecutives:US26ORGANIZATIONSAB1WorkandjobsWhatdoyoudo?Wordcombinationswith‘work’Typesofjobandtypesofwork1010BusinesspeopleandbusinessABCleadersLeadersandleadershipContentsINTRODUCTION89Managers,executivesanddirectorsManagersandexecutives:UKManagersandexecutives:US26ORGANIZATIONSAB1WorkandjobsWhatdoyoudo?Wordcombinationswith‘work’Typesofjobandtypesofwork1010BusinesspeopleandbusinessABCleadersLeadersandleadershipandtycoons28ABC2WaysofworkingWorkinghoursNiceworkifyoucangetitNatureofwork12ABC11ABCOrganizations1BusinessandbusinessesCommerceEnterprise303RecruitmentandselectionRecruitmentApplyingforajob14ABC12ABCDOrganizations232Self-employedpeopleandpartnershipsLimitedliabilityMutualsNon-profitorganizations4SkillsandqualificationsEducationandtrainingSkilledandunskilledTheright16ABCPRODUCTION13ABManufacturingandservices34ManufacturingandservicesCountriesandtheirindustries5PayandbenefitsWages,salaryandbenefitsCompensation1Compensation218ABC14ABThedevelopmentprocessMarketresearchDevelopmentandlaunch366PeopleandworkplacesEmployeesandmanagementManagementandadministrationLabournelandHRM20ABCD15ABCInnovationandinventionInnovationandinventionResearchandtechnologyPatentsandintellectualproperty387CompaniesandcareersCareerpathsstructure22ABCD16ABCProductsandservicesProductsMassproductionCapacityandoutput40In-housestafforlancers?8workDiscriminationBullyingandharassmentHealthandsafety24ABCBusinessVocabularyinUseIntermediate317ABC25ABCMaterialsandInputsrsandoutsourcingJust-in-timers42PromotionAdvertisingThesalesforcePromotionalactivities5818ABCD26ABCDBusinessphilosophiesWikinomicsThelongtailBenchmarking44E-commerceB2C,B2BandB2GWeb2.0E-commercecompaniesWordcombinationswith‘online’60MARKETINGMONEY1927ABCsellers17ABC25ABCMaterialsandInputsrsandoutsourcingJust-in-timers42PromotionAdvertisingThesalesforcePromotionalactivities5818ABCD26ABCDBusinessphilosophiesWikinomicsThelongtailBenchmarking44E-commerceB2C,B2BandB2GWeb2.0E-commercecompaniesWordcombinationswith‘online’60MARKETINGMONEY1927ABCsellersandthemarketSalesandcostsSalesCostsmark-ups6246ABCCustomersandsBuyers,sellersandvendorsThemarket28ProfitabilityandunprofitabilityProfitableandunprofitableproductsBudgetsandexpenditureandthelearningcurve20ABCMarketsandcompetitorsandmarkets4864ABCMorewordcombinationswith‘market’Competitorsandcompetition21MarketingandmarketorientationMarketingThefourPsThemarketorientation29ABCGettingpaid6650ShipandbillingABCTradecredits3022ABCAssets,liabilitiesandthesheetAssetsDepreciationLiabilitiesBalancesheetProductsandbrandsWordcombinationswith‘product’GoodsBrandsandbranding5268ABCD23ABCDPricePricingWordcombinationswith‘price’UpmarketanddownmarketMassmarketsandniches5431ABCThebottomlinesResults70Fin24APlace5632ABCDESharecapitalanddebtCapitalLoancapitalSecurityLeverage72Distribution:wholesalers,retailersandcustomersShopsDirectmarketingBC4BusinessVocabularyinUseIntermediateDOINGTHERIGHTTHING33ABCDSuccessandfailureDebtanddebtproblemsTurnaroundsandbailoutsBankruptcy7440ABCWrongdoingBriberyandcorruption8834takeoversandsell-offsStakesandjointventuresMergersandtakeoversConglomerates41ABCDOINGTHERIGHTTHING33ABCDSuccessandfailureDebtanddebtproblemsTurnaroundsandbailoutsBankruptcy7440ABCWrongdoingBriberyandcorruption8834takeoversandsell-offsStakesandjointventuresMergersandtakeoversConglomerates41ABCBusinessethicsbehaviourSocialissuesissues9076ABCALSKILLSFINANCEANDTHEECONOMY42andtimemanagementTimeframesandschedulesProjectsandprojectmanagementTimetips35ABCTraditionalbankingInternetbankingalinvesting7892ABC36ABCDFinFinalCentres8043StressandstressmanagementWhenworkisstimulatingWhenstimulationturnstostressDownshifting94StockmarketsABCOtherfinDerivativesalmarkets37ABCTradingMarketindexesMarketactivity:goodtimes……andbad8244LeadershipandmanagementstylesLeadershipstylesEmpowerment96ABC38ABCDIndicators1FinanceandeconomicsInflationandunemploymentTradeGrowthandGDP8445ABBusinessacrosscultures198Culturesandcultureanddistance39ABCDIndicators2GoingupPeaksandtroughsBoomandbust8646ABCBusinessacrosscultures2100IndividualismTimeCross-culturalcommunicationBusinessVocabularyinUseIntermediate5TELEPHONINGANDWRITING54traineesandapprenticesInterns11647andnumbers‘Phone’,‘call’and‘ring’NumbersDoingthingsoverthephoneABC102ABCDBUSINESSSKILLS551:typesofmeetingWordcombinationswith‘meeting’Typesofmeeting48TELEPHONINGANDWRITING54traineesandapprenticesInterns11647andnumbers‘Phone’,‘call’and‘ring’NumbersDoingthingsoverthephoneABC102ABCDBUSINESSSKILLS551:typesofmeetingWordcombinationswith‘meeting’Typesofmeeting48getthroughAskingtospeaktosomeone118104ABCABCVoicVoic1256A2:thechairTheroleofthechair:beforethemeetingTheroleofthechair:runningthemeetingFollow-up12049throughGettingthroughGivingandtakingmessagesSpellingnames106ABCDBCcheckinginformation57ABMeetings3:pointsofview122OpeningthemeetingAskingforandexpressingopinions504:arrangementsandendingcallsPhoningagainChangingarrangements108ABCD58Meetings4:agreementanddisagreementAgreeingDisagreeing124AB51Businesscommunication1:stayingintouchBusinesscards1Businesscards2Stayingintouch11059Meetings5:discussiontechniquesABC126AInterrupting,referringback,checkingunderstanding,avoidingconfrontationAgreement,consensusorcompromise?ConcludingBC52Businesscommunication2:112ABC60ABC1:keyideas128TypesofpresentationPresentationtoolsandvisualaidsexpressions53CVs,coverlettersandCVtipsPartsofaCVs11461ABC2:keysteps130Keysteps:introductionKeysteps:mainpartKeysteps:closingABClettersands6BusinessVocabularyinUseIntermediate62Presentations3:audienceinteractionClosinganddealingwithquestionsInterculturalaspects132AB63Negotiations1:situationsandnegotiatorsTypesofnegotiation13462Presentations3:audienceinteractionClosinganddealingwithquestionsInterculturalaspects132AB63Negotiations1:situationsandnegotiatorsTypesofnegotiation134ABCWordcombinationswith‘negotiations’Bargaining64ABCNegotiations2:preparingPreparingtonegotiateOpeningthenegotiationNegotiatingstyles13665ABCDNegotiations3:win-winProbingPositivepositionsConcessionsandtrade-offs13866Negotiations4:reachingagreementDeadlockandmediatorsCheckingthedeal140ABCAnswerkey142161Alsoavailable176BusinessVocabularyinUseIntermediate7IntroductionWhoisthisbookfor?BusinessVocabularyinIntroductionWhoisthisbookfor?BusinessVocabularyinUseIntermediateisdesignedtohelpintermediateandupper-intermediatelearnersofbusinessEnglishtoimprovetheirbusinessvocabulary.ItisforpeoplestudyingEnglishbeforetheystartworkandforthosealyworkingwhoneedEnglishintheirjob.Inadditiontoimprovingyourbusinessvocabulary,thebookhelpsyoutodevelopthelanguageneededforimportantbusinesscommunicationskills.Youcanusethebookonyourownforself-study,withateacherintheclassroom,one-to-oneoringroups.Howisthebookorganized?Thebookhas66twounits.Thefirst46ofthesearethematicandlookatthevocabularyofbusinessareassuchaspeople,organizations,production,marketingandfinance.Theother20unitsfocusonthelanguageofskillsyouneedinbusiness,suchasthoseforpresentations,meetings,telephoningandnegotiations.Theleft-handpageofeachunitexplainsnewwordsandexpressions,andtheright-handpageallowsyoutocheckanddevelopyourunderstandingofthewordsandexpressions,andhowtheyareusedthroughaseriesofexercises.Thereiscross-referencingbetweenunitstoshowconnectionsbetweenthesamewordorsimilarwordsusedindifferentcontexts.ThereisanAnswerkeyatthebackofthebook.Mostoftheexerciseshavequestionswithonlyonecorrectanswer.Butsomeoftheexercises,includingtheOvertoyouactivitiesattheendofeachunit(seebelow),aredesignedforwritingand/ordiscussionaboutyourselfandyourownorganizationoronethatyouknow.ThereisalsoanIndex.Thislistsallthenewwordsandphraseswhichareintroducedinthebookandgivestheunitnumberswherethewordsandphrasesappear.TheIndexalsotellsyouhowthewordsandexpressionsarepronounced.pageThispageintroducesnewvocabularyandexpressionsforeachthematicorskillsarea.Thepresentationisdividedintoanumberofsectionsindicatedbyletters:A,B,C,etc.,withsimple,cleartitles.InBusinessVocabularyinUseIntermediate,explicitreferenceistothebusinessmaterialintheCambridgeInternationalCorpus(CIC)–businesspagesofnewspapers,businesstextbooks,andbusinessmeetingsanddiscussions.Thetextsarestoredinadatabase,whichissearchableinvariouswaystorevealthepatternsofbusinessusage.Thedatabasehasbeenexploitedtoidentifytypicalwordcombinationsfoundinthedata,andtherearenotesabouttheirrelativefrequency.Aswellasexplanationsofvocabulary,thereisinformationabouttypicalwordcombinationsandgrammarassociatedwithparticularvocabulary,forexampleoperativeverbs–theverbsthataretypicallyusedwithparticularnouns.Again,theCIChasbeenaprimesourceofinformationaboutthese.8BusinessVocabularyinUseIntermediateTherearenotesaboutdifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglish.BrE:CV;AmE:résuméorresumeTheright-handTherearenotesaboutdifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglish.BrE:CV;AmE:résuméorresumeTheright-handpageTheexercisesontheright-handpagegivepracticeinusingthenewvocabularyandexpressionspresentedontheleft-handpage.Someunitscontaindiagramstocomplete,orcrosswords.toyou’sectionsAnimportantfeatureofBusinessVocabularyinUseIntermediateistheOvertoyousectionattheendofeachunit.TherearesometimesalternativeOvertoyousectionsforlearnerswhoareinworkandforthosewhoarestudyingpre-work.TheOvertoyousectionsgiveyouthechancetoputintopracticethewordsandexpressionsintheunitinrelationtoyourownprofessionalsituation,studiesoropinions.Self-studylearnerscandothesectionasawrittenactivity.InmanyOvertoyousections,learnerscanusetheinternettofindmoreinformation.sampleanswersfortheOvertoyouquestions.Howtousethebookforself-studyFindthetopicyouarelookingforbyusingtheContentspageortheIndex.throughtheexplanationsontheleft-handpageoftheunit.Dotheexercisesontheright-handpage.Checkkey.Ifyouhavesomemistakes,gobackandlookattheexplanationsandtheexerciseagain.Notedownimportantwordsandexpressionsinyournotebook.HowtousethebookintheclassroomTeacherscanchooseunitsthatrelatetotheirs’particularneedsandinterests,forexampleareastheyhavecoveredincoursebooks,orthathavecomeupinotheractivities.Alternatively,lessonscancontainaregularvocabularyslot,whereatthevocabularyofparticularthematicorskillsareas.slooksystematicallyscanworkontheunitsinpairs,withtheteachergoingroundtheclassassistingandadvising.Teachersshouldgetstothinkaboutthelogicalprocessoftheexercises,pointingoutwhyoneanswerispossibleandtheothersarenot(wherethisisthecase).WehopeyouenjoyusingBusinessVocabularyinUseIntermediate.BusinessVocabularyinUseIntermediate91AWorkandjobsWhatdoyoudo?Tofindoutwhatsomeone’s1AWorkandjobsWhatdoyoudo?Tofindoutwhatsomeone’sjobis,youask‘Whatdoyoudo?’Kerstintalksaboutherjob:‘IworkforalargeEuropeancarmaker.Iworkoncardesign.Infact,IrunthedesigndepartmentandImanageateamofdesigners:20peopleworkunderme.It’sveryistomakesurethatnewmfinishedontime.I’malsoinchargeofdesignbudgets.designsare‘Idealwithalotofdifferentpeopleinthecompany.I’mresponsibleforcoordinationbetweendesignandproduction:Iworkwithmanagersatourmanufacturingplants.’Noteinchargeofresponsibleforresponsibility+++nounverb+-inginfinitive/-ingOneofmyresponsibilitiesistomakesurethat…Oneofmyresponsibilitiesismakingsurethat…Youdon’tsay:‘I’maresponsible.’BWordcombinationswith‘work’Ifyouworkorhavework,youhaveajob.Butyoudon’tsaythatsomeonehas‘awork’.Workisalsotheplacewhereyoudoyourjob.Youdon’tsayforexample,‘atthework’or‘tothework’.Herearesomephraseswith‘work’.Theeconomyisgrowingfastandmorepeopleareinwork–haveajob–thaneverbefore.Thepercentageofpeopleoutofwork–withoutajob–hasfallentoitslowestlevelfor30years.Franktalksabouthisjob:‘IworkinabankinNewYorkCity.Ileaveforworkat7.30everymorning.Igotoworkbytrainandsubway.Igetto/arriveatworkatabout9.I’musuallyatworktill6.Luckily,Idon’tgetillverymuchsoIdon’ttimeoffwork–awayfromworkduetoillness.’CTypesofjobandtypesofworkAfull-timejobisoneforthewholeofthenormalworkingweek;apart-timejobisforlesstimethanthat.Yousaythatsomeoneworksfull-timeorpart-time.finishafterafixedperiod;atemporaryjobfinishesafterafixedperiod.Youtalkabouttemporaryworkandpermanentwork.10BusinessVocabularyinUseIntermediate1.1LookatAopposite.Margauxistalkingaboutherwork.Correcttheexpressionsinitalics.‘IworkforalargeFrenchsupermarketcompany.Itisaninternationalcompanyand(1)Iworkaboutthedevelopmentofnewsupermarketsabroad.(2)Infact,Irunningthedevelopmentdepartmentand(3)Iammanageforateamlookingatthepossibilitiesindifferentcountries.It’sveryinteresting.1.1LookatAopposite.Margauxistalkingaboutherwork.Correcttheexpressionsinitalics.‘IworkforalargeFrenchsupermarketcompany.Itisaninternationalcompanyand(1)Iworkaboutthedevelopmentofnewsupermarketsabroad.(2)Infact,Irunningthedevelopmentdepartmentand(3)Iammanageforateamlookingatthepossibilitiesindifferentcountries.It’sveryinteresting.(4)Oneofmymainistomakesurethatnewsupermarketsopenontime.(5)I’malsochargedwithfinalreporting.(6)Idealatalotofdifferentorganizationsinmywork.(7)I’mresponsibleofplanningprojectsfromstarttofinish.(8)Iworklynearourforeignpartners,andsoI1.2CompleteeachgapinthetextwithoneoftheprepositionsfromBopposite.RebeccalivesinLondonandworksinpublicrelations.Sheleaveshomeforworkat7.30am.Shedrives(1)work.Thetrafficisoftenbadandsheworriesaboutgetting(2)worklate,butsheusuallyarrives(3)workataround9.Shefinishesworkquitelate,atabout8.‘Luckily,I’mneverill,’shesays.‘Icouldnevertaketime(4)work.’Sheloveswhatshedoesandisgladtobe(5)work.Someofherfriendsarenotsolucky:theyare(6)ofwork.1.3Whatisbeingadvertisedineachofthesejobadvertisements(1–6)?UseanexpressionfromCopposite,includingthewordsinbrackets.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.1Librarianrequiredforpubliclibrary,afternoons2till6.(job)apart-timejobApplynow24alassistantneededforbusyoffice,9amtoTeacherneededforsummercourse,1to31August.(job)Applynow5.30pm.(work)Applynow5Salesmanrequiredforshowroom–goodprospectsforright3Experiencedbarmanwanted,8pmuntilmidnight.(work)ApplynowApplynow.(work)6Lawyerwantedforlawfirm–longhours,4weeksholidayperyear.(job)ApplynowOvertoyouIfyouwork,answerthesequestions.Ifyoudon’twork,answerthesequestions.•Whatdoyoudo?Whatareyouinchargeof?Whatareyourresponsibilities?Whattimedoyouleaveforwork?Howlongdoesittakeyoutogettowork?Whattimedoyouarriveatwork?Doyoutakealotoftimeoffwork?Whydosomepeopleprefertoworkpart-timeortohavetemporaryjobs?•Whatsortofjobwouldyouliketodo?Whatsortofroutinewouldyouliketohave?•••BusinessVocabularyinUseIntermediate112AWaysofworkingWorkinghours‘I’manofficeworkerinaninsurancecompany.It’s2AWaysofworkingWorkinghours‘I’manofficeworkerinaninsurancecompany.It’sanine-to-fivejobwithregularworkinghours.Ineedmyswipecardtogetintotheoffice.Theworkisn’tveryinteresting,butIliketobeabletogohomeatareasonabletime.’Youcanalsosayclockinandclockout.BrE:flexitimeAmE:flextime.There’sasystemofflexitimemeanswecanworkwhenwewant,withincertainlimits.Wecanstartatanytimetill11,andfinishasearlyas3–aslongaswedoenoughhourseachmonth.It’sidealformeasIhavetwoyoungchildren.’Swiacard‘Iworkinacarplant.IworkinshiftsandIhavetoclockonandclockoffatthebeginningandendofeveryshift.Imaybeonthedayshiftoneweekandthenightshiftthenextweek.It’sdifficultchangingfromoneshifttoanother.WhenIchangeshifts,Ihaveproblemschangingtoanewroutineforsleetheyaskustoworkovertime–moandeating.Whenthecompanyissellinglotsofcars,‘I’macommercialartistinanadvertisingagency.Unlikemostotherpeopleinmydepartmentwhocommutetoworkeveryday,Iworkfromhomeandavoidthelongjourneysthatsomecommutersexperienceeveryday.That’sthebenefitofteleworkingortelecommuting–workingfromhomeandusingthecomputerandphonetocommunicatewithotherpeople.’BNiceworkifyoucangetitAllthesewordsareusedinfrontofjobandwork.satisfying,stimulating,fascinating,exciting–theworkisinterestingandgivesyoupositivefeelingsdull,boring,uninteresting,unstimulating–theworkisnotinterestingrepetitive,routine–theworkinvolvesdoingthesamethingsagainandagaintiring,tough,hard,demanding–theworkisdifficultandmakesyoutiredCNatureofwork12BusinessVocabularyinUseIntermediateNoteNoteMyworkinvolvesIlike/dislike/prefer/enjoy+nounlonghoursteamwork+-ingworkingwithfiguressolvingproblems2.1expressions(a–f)fromAopposite.Whichofthethingsdescribed?(1–6)ismostlikelytodoeachabworkinshiftsworkunderaflexitimesystemtelecommutecommutetoworkclockinandouteverydayworkovertime1Adesignerinawebsitedesigncompany.2.1expressions(a–f)fromAopposite.Whichofthethingsdescribed?(1–6)ismostlikelytodoeachabworkinshiftsworkunderaflexitimesystemtelecommutecommutetoworkclockinandouteverydayworkovertime1Adesignerinawebsitedesigncompany.Hastobeintheoffice,butcandecidewhenshewantstostartandfinishworkeachday.Amanagerinadepartmentstoreinalargecity.Livesinthecountry.whereworkgoeson24hoursaday.AworkerinachocolatefactoryinthethreemonthsbeforeCpany.2cd34e5f62.2LookatthewordsandexpressionsinBandCopposite.Fivepeopledescribetheirjobs.Matchthejobs(1–5)withthedescriptions(a–e)andputthewordsinbracketsintothecorrectgrammaticalforms.a‘Obviously,myworkinvolves(travel)alot.Itcanbequitephysically(demand),butIenjoy(deal)withcustomers,exceptwhentheybecometiredandanxiousaboutarriving.Thisdoesn’thappenoften,butitcanbeveryfrustratingforusandtheotherpassengers.’b‘Ilovemyjob.It’svery(stimulate)andnotatall(repeat):notwodaysarethesame.Thechildrenarefine:youseethemlearnanddevelop.Theparentscanbec‘IwasgoodatmathsatschoolandIlikefigures.Butmyjobismuchless(bore)androutinethanpeoplethink.Theworkwithothermanagers.’d‘You’vegottothinkicanbementallythatworks.’ylogicalway.There’salotofteamworkbetweenthedevelopers.(tire),butit’sverysatisfyingtowriteaprograme‘Ofcourse,itinvolvesgettingupquiteearlyinthemorning.ButIlike(be)outintheopenair.Andyougetalotofexercise.Iwalktwoorthreeeveryday.’OvertoyouIfyouwork,answerthesequestions.Ifyoudon’twork,answerthesequestions.•job?Doyouhavetoclockonandoff?Isthereaflexitimesysteminyourorganization?Aretherepeoplewhodoshiftworkinyourcompany?home?Ifso,wouldyouliketo?Whatdoyoulikemostaboutyourjob?Whatdoyoulikeleast?•wouldyouliketohavewhenyoustartworking?Wouldyouliketoworkfromhome?Whatkindofjobwouldyoulike?Completethissentenceinfivewaystotalkaboutyourself.••••I’dlikeajobthatinvolves…BusinessVocabularyinUseIntermediate131 ant2postwoman3flightattendant4softwaredeveloper5teacher3ARecruitmentandselectionRecruitmentTheprocessoffindingpeopleforparticularjobsisrecruitmentor,especiallyinAmerican3ARecruitmentandselectionRecruitmentTheprocessoffindingpeopleforparticularjobsisrecruitmentor,especiallyinAmericanEnglish,hiring.Someonewhohasbeenrecruitedisarecruit,orinAmE,ahire.Thecompanyemploysorhiresthemandtheyjointhecompany.recruitmentagenciesoremploymentagencies.Outsidespecialistscalledheadhuntersmaybeusedtofindpeopleforveryimportantjobsandtopersuadethemtoleavetheorganizationstheyalyworkfor.Keypeoplerecruitedlikethisaofheadhunting.BApplyingforajobhisoldjob.HelookedHarryisabuildingengineer.He’dbeenworkingforthesamecompanyfortenyears,buthewantedachange.Helookedatjobswithdifferentcompaniesonajobswebsite.Heanapplication,inhisCV(curriculumvitae–adocumentdescribingyoureducation,qualificationsandpreviousjobs,thatyousendtoaemployer)andacoveringletterexplainingwhyheAnapplicationformwantedthejobandwhyhewastherightNoteforit.BrE:CV;AmE:résuméorresumeBrE:coveringletter;AmE:coverletterCproceduresDagmarSchmidtistheheadofrecruitmentataGermantelecommunicationscompany.Shetalksabouttheselectionprocess,themethodsthatthecompanyusestorecruitpeople.‘Weadvertiseinnationalnewspapersandontheinternet.Welookatthebackgroundsofapplicants–theirexperienceofdifferentjobsandtheireducationalqualifications.NoteInternetissometimeswrittenwithacapitalletterwhenitisanoun.(noun):mostlyBrE(noun):mostlyAmEAjobinterview‘Weinvitethemostinterestingcandidatestoagroupdiscussion.Thenwehaveindividualinterviewswitheachcandidate.Theheadofthedepartmentisalsopresent.Wealsogivethecandidateswrittenpsychometricteststoassesstheirintelligenceandality.Wechecktheirreferencesbywritingtotheirreferees–previousemployers,teachers,andsoonthatcandidateshavenamedintheirapplications.IfthereferencesareOK,weaskthecandidatestocomebackformoreinterviews.Finallyweofferthejobtosomeone,andiftheyturnitdownwehavetothinkagain.(Someapplicantsmaygetotherjoboffersatthesametimeasours.)Iftheyacceptit,wehirethem.WeappointsomeoneonlyifwefindtherightBusinessVocabularyinUseIntermediate’143.1CompletethecrosswordwiththecorrectformofwordsfromA,BandCopposite.Across512dtocheckonmyapplication,butthey3saidthey’dalysomeone.(9)46Thisjobissoimportant;Ithinkweneedtosomeone.(8)8procedubutwe’regoingtoweek.(7)aslastedthreemonths,someonenext5Down1and2Ihopeshethejob,becauseifhavetostartsheit67lookingagain.(7,5,4)Thelastapplicantwasverystrong,butIunderstandhe’dhadtwootherjob38aly.(6)4They’vefinallystartsworknextweek.(5)She7Computerprogrammerswanted.3.1CompletethecrosswordwiththecorrectformofwordsfromA,BandCopposite.Across512dtocheckonmyapplication,butthey3saidthey’dalysomeone.(9)46Thisjobissoimportant;Ithinkweneedtosomeone.(8)8procedubutwe’regoingtoweek.(7)aslastedthreemonths,someonenext5Down1and2Ihopeshethejob,becauseifhavetostartsheit67lookingagain.(7,5,4)Thelastapplicantwasverystrong,butIunderstandhe’dhadtwootherjob38aly.(6)4They’vefinallystartsworknextweek.(5)She7Computerprogrammerswanted.OnlythosewithUNIXexperienceshould.(5)3.2Nowdividethewordsin3.1intotwogroups.1whatacompanyneldepartmentdoes2whatalookingforworkdoes3.3withcorrectformsofwordsandexpressionsfromA,BandCopposite.Fredhadaly(1)refusedtwojobofferswhenhewentfor(2)adiscussiontoseeifhewassuitableforthejob.Theylookedathisancydegreeandcontacted(3)previousemployersFredhadmentionedinhisapplication.Afewdayslater,thesupermarket(4)askedhimifhewouldlikethejobandFred(5)saidyes.Harrydidn’thearanythingforsixweeks,sohephonedthecompany.Theytoldhimthattheyhadreceivedalotof(6)requestsforthejob.Afterlookingatthe(7)documentdescribinghiseducation,qualificationsandpreviousjobsofthe(8)peopleaskingforthejobandlookingat(9)whatexamstheyhadpassedduringtheireducation,thecompanyhad(10)chosensixpeopletointerviewandthengiventhem(11)testsontheirgivensomeonethejob.alityandintelligence.TheyhadthenOvertoyouIfyouwork,answerthesequestions.a,answerthesequestions.•••Wheredidyouseethejobsadvertised?Whatdidyousendtoapplyforthejob?Whatwastheselectionprocedure?•Whenyouappliedforyourcoursedidyouuseanonlineapplicationformorsendanapplicationin?Didyouneedtoprovidereferees?Didyouhaveaninterview?••BusinessVocabularyinUseIntermediate154ASkillsandqualificationsTwocompanymanagers,KasiaGutowskaandNilsOlsen,aretalking.KG:Thetroublewithgraduates–peoplewho’vejustleftuniversity–isthattheir4ASkillsandqualificationsTwocompanymanagers,KasiaGutowskaandNilsOlsen,aretalking.KG:Thetroublewithgraduates–peoplewho’vejustleftuniversity–isthattheirpaperqualificationsaregood.Theymighthavequalificationsininterestingsubjects,buttheyhavenoworkexperience.Theyjustdon’tknowhowbusinessworks.howtothink,nottrainthemforaparticularjob.Oneoflastyear’srecruitsgraduatedfromOxfordUniversitywithadegreeinphilosophyandshe’sdoingverywell!Philosophy’saninterestingsubject,butforourcompany,it’smoreusefultodotraininginapracticalsubject:it’sbetterforusifyoutrainasascientist,andqualifyasabiologistoradoctor,forexample.Yes,butwedon’tjustneedscientists.Wealsoneedgoodmanagers,whichwecanachievethroughin-housetraining–courseswithinthecompany.Youknowweputalotofmoneyintomanagementdevelopment,wheremanagersregularlygoonspecializedcoursesinleadership(seeUnit10),finance(seeUnit38),etc.Youneedtoacquireexperience–getknowledgethroughdoingthings–forthat.It’snotthesortofthingyoucanlearnwhenyou’re20!NO:KG:NO:NoteNotecanalsosaythatsomeonegraduatesfromhighschool–thewhentheyare18.Amaster’sdegreeisaqualificationyoucangetafteroneortw