宾语从句及动词不定式讲解

宾语从句及动词不定式讲解宾语从句及动词不定式讲解宾语从句及动词不定式讲解宾语从句及动词不定式讲解编制仅供参考审核批准生效日期地址：电话：传真:邮编:宾语从句如何区分宾语从句Theyknowtheteacher.主语谓语宾语Theyknowtheteacherisaman.主语谓语宾语从句▲句子做宾语就是宾语从句。宾语从句在复合句中做主句的宾语．时态一致:1)当主句是一般现在时,从句可根据需要,采用任何一种时态.例如:Hesaysthathewillbefreetomorrow.Iknowthatmanlivedherefiveyearsago.2)当主句是过去时,从句也应该采用过去的某种时态形式与之相对应.例如:Hethoughtthetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.（从句为一般过去时）Hesaidhewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.（从句为过去将来时）Hesaidhehadneverseenthefilm.(在这句中，从句为过去完成时)但当从句所陈述的是客观事实或普遍真理,从句时态用一般现在时.例如:Theteachersaidtheearthgoesaroundthesun.Theteachersaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.Jimsaidthattimeislife.引导词:1)当宾语从句由陈述句充当时,由that引导,在口语或非正式文体中可以省略.例如:Ibelieve(that)youareright.Hesaid(that)thefastestwaytotravelwasbyplane.当宾语从句由一般疑问句充当时,由if或whether引导,作“是否”解。例如:IshisnameJohn/CouldyoutellmeCouldyoutellmeif/whetherhisnameisJohnAretheygoingtotheGreatWallJimwantstoknow...Jimwantstoknowif/whethertheyaregoingtotheGreatWall.当宾语从句由特殊疑问句充当时,特殊疑问词就是引导词,例如:Doyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves3.语序:1)当宾语从句由陈述句充当时,保持原来的语序,即陈述句语序.例如:陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。eg.Shesaid,“Iwillleaveamessageonthedesk.”=Shesaidshewouldleaveamessageonthedesk.Hesaid(that)thefastestwaytotravelwasbyplane.当宾语从句由疑问句(包括一般疑问句和特殊疑问句)充当时,除引导词外,此后变为陈述句语序.例如:即If/whether+主语+谓语部分或疑问词＋主语＋谓语部分Eg.“Wherearethetickets”Iaskedhim.=Iaskedhimwheretheticketswere.Idon’tknowif/whetherhecouldanswerthequestion.Pleasetellmewho(whom)Iwillmeettomorrow.4.宾语从句和状语从句的区分：eg.1)Iwillgoouttomorrowifitisfinetomorrow.2)Idon’tknowifthetrainhasarrived.句1中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”，整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好，我就出去。句2中if引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词don’tknow的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否已到达。判断方法：1、可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（个别除外），宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。2、从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether，词义为“是否”，充当状语从句的连接词时，词义为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为“什么时候”，充当状语从句的连接词时，意为“当……的时候”()We'renotsureifit_______it_______，wewon'tclimbtheSouthHill.（2004年青海西宁）snow；snowssnow；willsnow；snows；willsnow5.宾语从句在一定条件下，可以简化为“特殊疑问词+不定式”、“it+形容词+不定式短语”1）Idon'tknowwhatIshoulddowiththeletter.（改为简单句）（2005年山东烟台）Idon'tknowwhat___________________withtheletter.2）Canyoutellmehowtogettothenearesthospital(改为宾语从句)Canyoutellmehow__________________________thenearesthospital3）IthinkitisveryimportanttostudyEnglishwell.Ithink_______________tostudyEnglishwell.宾语从句习题（）youtellme________AifhewouldcometomorrowBwillhecometomorrowCwhetherhewillcometomorrowDIfhecomestomorrow（）youtellme___________________AwhereisthepartBwho’sondutyCwhosebookisthisDwhataretheydoing（）3.Iwanttoknow___________.A.whichhousedoesyoursisterliveB.whichhousesdoeshisuncleliveinC.whichhousehisunclelivesD.whichhousehisunclelivesin（）4.Fathertoldusthatthey_____onafieldtrip.A.willgoB.aregoingC.havegoneD.weregoing（）5.Iwanttoknow________.A.whoishewaitingB.whoishewaitingforC.whoheiswaitingD.whoheiswaitingfor（）6.Canyoutellme________A.wheresheisgoingB.whereshegoingC.whereisshegoingD.whereisshegoingto（）7.Doyouknow___________thistimeyesterdaysheiscookingisshecookingshewascookingwasshecooking（）8.Doyouknowhowmuchhotwater_______A．MumisneededB．doesMumneedC．MumneedsD．didMumneed()9.Canyoutellme_______A．whereheisB．whereisheC．heiswhereD．whatishe()10.Ididn'tknowhow_______toLondonA．wouldtheygoB．aretheygoingC．theywouldgoD．theyaregoing()metellyou__________________.A.howmuchisthecarB.howmuchdoesthecarcostC.howmuchdidIpayforthecarD.howmuchIspentonthecar()youknow_______whatthenewsareB．whatisthenewsC．whatthenewsisD．whatarethenews()saidhewouldhelpmewithmymathsifhe_______free.A．wasB．willbeC．wouldbeD．is()14．Idon'tknowifshe______．Ifshe______，pleaseletmeknow．A．comes；comesB．willcome；willcomeC．comes；willcomeD．willcome；come()15.Peterknew_______________.A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebookB.whytheboyhadsomanyquestionsC.therewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleaveforParis()16．Ididn'tknowwhat______．A．wasthematterB．isthematterC．matterwasD．thematteris()17．Icouldn'tagreewith______atthemeeting．A．thatyousaidB．whichyousaidC．whatdidyousayD．whatyousaid()18．Myfriendaskedme______．A．thatwhoisgirlB．whothatgirlwasC．whowasthatgirlD．thatgirlwaswho(()20．Myteacheraskedme______．A．whodictionarythiswasB．whosedictionarythiswasC．whosedictionarywasthisD．whodictionarywasthis动词不定式用法动词不定式的基本形式是“to＋动词原形”，有时可以不带to。其否定形式＂notto+动词原形＂动词不定式（或不定式短语）没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。

动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。

1．作宾语（不定式作宾语，前面的动词为及物动词）

Indiansliketoeathotfood．印度人喜欢吃辣味食品。

Theyneedtolookatamap．他们需要查看地图。

有的动词不定式在作带有补足语的宾语时,feel,find,make,think,believe,前面往往带有形式宾语it。例如：

Doyouthinkitnecessaryforustolearntowait你认为学会等待对我们来说很必要吗

Theyimprovedthesoftwaretomakeiteasierforpeopletousecomputers．他们改进了软件，使人们使用计算机更简便了。Ifounditdifficulttoworkwithhim.IfeelitusefultolearnEnglish.Whomadeitpossibletodivedeepintothesea2.

作宾语补足语（不定式作宾补时，接在宾语之后，即动词＋宾语＋todosth.）

Hetoldmenottobringyouanything．他叫我不要给你带任何东西。

Whotaughtyoutoplaythemusic谁教你弹这支曲子的使役动词let,have,make以及感官动词feel,hear,see,watch,notice等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to要省略。例如:Theteachermadehimsaythewordlikethis.老师让他像这样说这个单词。OurEnglishteacherletustolistentoEnglisheveryday.作动词help的宾语补足语时，动词不定式可带to，也可不带．Canyouhelpme(to)carrythebox,please3．作状语(动词不定式具有副词的特征，所以可在句中作状语)Youcanhideundermyseatwhentheconductorcomestocheckthetickets．当列车员来查票时，你可以藏在我的座位下面。

Inhisthirdyear，heleftHarvardtoworkforacompanycalledMicrosoft．在三年级时，他为了去微软公司工作而离开了哈佛大学。4．作定语

动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。例如：

InmydreamsIalwayshaveverydifficultjobstodo．我在梦里总是做一些艰难的工作。

Everydayhemadeoneofthesmalleranimalsbringhimsomethingtoeat．他每天叫一个小动物给他带来吃的东西。

Ihavenothingtosayonthisquestion.对这个问题我无可奉告。当不定式中的动词不能直接修饰前面的词时，应加介词．Ineedapentowritewith.我需要用一枝钢笔写字．Thisistheroomtolivein.这个房子可以住．Maryneedsafriendtoplaywith.Thatgirlbasnothingtoworryabout.Althoughthefilmhadbee