2020届广东省六校联盟(深圳实验广州二中珠海一中惠州一中东莞中学中山纪中)高三上学期第一次联考英语试题

---machineisthesizeofafathousefly.Itsminiwingsallowittostayintheairandperformcontrolledflighttasks.“It'sextremelyimportantforustothinkaboutthisasawholesystemandnotjustthesumofabunchofindividualcomponents,”saidRobertWood,theHarvardengineeringprofessorwhohasbeenworkingontheroboticflyprojectforoveradecade.Afewyearsago,histeamgotthego-aheadtostartpiecingtogetherthecomponents.“Theaddeddifficultywithaprojectlikethisisthatactuallynoneofthosecomponentsareofftheshelfandsowehavetodevelopthemallonourown,”hesaid.Theyengineeredaseriesofsystemstostartanddrivetheroboticfly.“Theseeminglysimplesystemwhichjustmovesthewingshasanumberofinterdependenciesontheindividualcomponents,eachofwhichindividuallyhastoperformwell,butthenhastobematchedwelltoeverythingit'sconnectedto,”saidWood.Theflightdevicewasbuiltintoasetofpower,computation,sensingandcontrolsystems.Woodsaysthesuccessoftheprojectprovesthattheflyingrobotwiththesetinycomponentscanbebuiltandmanufactured.Whilethisfirstroboticflyerislinkedtoasmall,off-boardpowersource,thegoaliseventuallytoequipitwithabuilt-inpowersource,sothatitmightsomedayperformdata-gatheringworkatrescuesites,infarmers'fieldsoronthebattlefield.“Basically,itshouldbeabletotakeoff,landandflyaround,”hesaid.Woodsaysthedesignoffersanewwaytostudyflightmechanicsandcontrolatinsect-scale.Yet,thepower,sensingandcomputationtechnologiesonboardcouldhavemuchbroaderapplications.“Youcanstartthinkingaboutusingthemtoansweropenscientificquestions,youknow,tostudybiologyinwaysthatwouldbedifficultwiththeanimals,butusingtheserobotsinstead,”hesaid.“Sotherearealotoftechnologiesandopeninterestingscientificquestionsthatarereallywhatdrivesusonadaytodaybasis.”Whichofthefollowingstatementswasthedifficultyengineersmetwhilemakingtheroboticfly?Theydidnothavesufficientfund.Noready-madecomponentswereavailable.Therewasnomodelintheirmind.Itwashardforthemtoassemblethecomponents.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraphs3and4?Theroboticflyhasbeenputintowideapplication.Theroboticflyconsistsofaflightdeviceandacontrolsystem.Informationfrommanysourcescanbecollectedbytheroboticfly.Theroboticflycanjustflyinlimitedareasatpresent.Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.Wood'sdesigncanreplaceanimalsinsomeexperiments.Animalsarenotallowedinbiologicalexperiments.Theroboticflyerisdesignedtolearnaboutinsects.D.Thereusedtobefewwaystostudyhowinsectsfly.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?TheDevelopmentofRoboticFlyRoboticFlyPromotesEngineeringScienceHarvard'sEffortsinMakingRoboticFlyRoboticFlyImitatesRealLifeInsectDThejoyofabsenceHowsomecompaniesfightthecurseofprese（出te勤i主m^）?RONALDREAGANfamouslyjokedthat“it'struehardworkneverkilledanybody,butIfigure,whytakethechance?”Beyondacertainlevel,extraeffortseemstobeself-defeating.Studiessuggestthat,afteraround50hoursaweek,employeeproductivitydeclinessharply.Butthatdoesn'tstopsomemanagersfromdemandingthatworkersstaychainedtotheirdeskforlongperiods.JackMa,thefounderofAlibaba,theChinesee-commercegroup,recentlypraisedthe996model,whereemployeesworkfrom9a.m.to9p.m.,sixdaysaweek,asa“greatopportunity”.Yetpresenteeismisthecurseofthemodernofficeworker.Therewillbedayswhenyoudonothavemuchtodo;perhapsbecauseyouarewaitingforsomeoneelseinadifferentdepartment,oradifferentcompany,torespondtoarequest.Astheclocktickspast5p.m.,theremaybenopurposeinstayingatyourdesk.Butyoucanseeyourbosshardatworkand,moreimportantly,theycanseeyou.Soyoumakeanefforttolookbusy.Theconsequenceisoftenwastedeffort.Ratherthanworkhard,youslavetomakebossesthinkthatyouare.Butpresenteeismhasmoreseriousconsequences.Aswellasreducedproductivity,thiscanmeangreatermedicalexpensesfortheemployer.AccordingtoastudyintheJournalofOccupationandEnvironmentalMedicine,thesecostscanbesixtimeshigherforemployersthanthecostsofabsenteeismamongworkers.Noneofthisistosaythatemployersarenotcalledtoexpectworkerstobeintheofficeforaproperperiodoftime.Surelytherewillbeaneedforsome(preferablyshort)meetings.Dealingwithcolleaguesface-to-facecreatesafeelingoftogetherness,allowsforausefulexchangeofideasandenablesworkerstohaveabettersenseoftheirmutualneeds.Turninganofficeintoaprison,withinmates(囚犯)allowedhomefortheevenings,doesnothingforcreativitythatisincreasinglydemandedofofficeworkersasroutinetasksareautomated.Tobeproductiveyouneedpresenceofmind,notbeingpresentintheflesh.WhydoestheauthormentionRonaldReagan'sjokeinPara.1?Toencouragepeopletograspthechancetoworkhard.Toshowthathardworkisharmless.Tointroducethetopicofthepassage.TopraiseRonaldReagan'saccomplishedjokingskills.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedsentence?Extraeffortcausesproblemsordifficulties.Withextraeffort,wecandefeatanybody.Weshouldsaynotoextraeffort.D.Extraeffortisn'tnecessarilyhelpful.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingsituationishelpfultothecompany?A.Yourteamhasaten-minutemeetingafterworkforanurgentproblem.Youdon'tgohomeuntil7:30p.m.becauseyourbossisinhisofficeandhecanseeyou.Themanagertourstheengineeringdepartmentat7:30p.m.tocheckpeopleareattheirdesks.D.Youattendtheofficeevenwhenyousufferlowerbackpain.Whichofthefollowingopinionsagreeswiththepassage?A.Somemanagersexpectworkerstiethemselvesupwithachaintotheirdesks.Reducedproductivitycanmeangreatermedicalexpensesfortheemployer.Withgrowingdemandofcreativityonofficeworkers,aprison-likeofficeisnotawiseoption.Presenceofmindguaranteesyourproductivity.第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WhatdoesWi-Fistandfor?Longgonearethedaysofdial-upandwaitingforyourturntousethecomputer.It'seasierthanevertoconnecttotheInternetinthedigitalworldtoday.36Wi-FiisawirelessnetworkthatusesradiofrequencysignalstoconnecttotheInternetorsendmessagesbetweendeviceswithoutwires.EverythingfromyourphoneandlaptoptotabletsandprinterscanuseWi-Fi,thankstothesewaves.37Twoyearslater,agroupofcompaniesformedtheWirelessEthernetCompatibilityAlliance（WECA,nowtheWi-FiAlliance）,aglobalnon-profitorganizationcreatedtopromotethenewWi-Fistandard.NoneofthathistoryexplainswhatWi-Fistandsfor,becausethephrasedoesn'tstandforanything.Wi-FiisatrademarkedtermdescribingthedeviceortechnologybasedontheInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers（IEEE）wirelesscommunicationstandard802.11,accordingtotheWi-FiAlliance.38SotheWi-FiAlliancehiredthemarketingcompanyInterbrandtocomeupwithashortername:Wi-Fi,accordingtooneofthefoundingAlliancemembers.39Therumorthatitstandsfor“WirelessFidelity（无线保证）"isthankstotheAlliance.Somemembersdidn'tunderstandthebrandingormarketingforWi-Fi.Theyfeltconsumerswouldwantanexplanationforthename.SotheAllianceagreedtoincludeatagline:TheStandardforWirelessFidelity.That'swhysomanypeopleassumeW-iFistandsforwirelessfidelity,butthetaglinecameafterthename.40Don'taddtotheconfusionandstopmiss-associatingthesephrasesbylearningtherealmeaningbehindtheseacronyms（缩略词）.That'samouthful.ThisismostlythankstoWi-Fi.ThenamecausedamisconceptionaboutWi-Fi.ThereissomedebatesurroundingthequestionwhatWi-Fistandsfor.In1997,acommitteeofindustryleadersapprovedacommonWi-Fistandard.Severalyearsago,acommonstandardofWi-Fiwassetupbyseveralcompanies.Plus,theAllianceremovedthetag,althoughtheconfusionitbroughtstilllivesontoday.第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Dearteenageboyattheskatepark,You'reprobablyabout15yearsold,soIdon'texpectyoutobevery41towantalittlegirlonyourskateramp（溜冰坡道）forthatmatter.Whatyoudon'tknowisthatmydaughterhasbeenwantingtoskateboardformonths.Iactuallyhadto42herthatskateboardingwasn't43forboys.Sowhenwewalkeduptotheskateparkandsawthatitwasfullofteenageboyswhoweresmokingand44.sheimmediatelywantedto45andgohome.I46wantedtogotoobecauseIdidn'twanttohavetoputonmymom47andexchangewordswithyou.Ialsodidn'twantmydaughtertofeellikeshehadtobe48ofanyone.Sowhenshesaid,“Momit'sfullof49boys,"Icalmlysaid,“50,theydon'towntheskatepark."Shethenwentdowntherampinspiteofyouandyourfriends51pasther.Sheonlyhadtwoorthreerunsinbeforeyou52herandsaid“Hey,excuseme..."Iimmediatelypreparedtodelivermy“She's53tousethisparkjustasmuchasyouguys"54whenIheardyousay,“Your55arewrong.CanIhelpyou?"Youspentalmostanhourwithmydaughtershowingherhowto56,andyouheldherhandandhelpedhergetupwhenshefelldown.IknowyoulivenearbyandIamproudthatyouarepartofmy57.andIwanttothankyouforbeing58tomydaughter,wholefttheskateparkwithasenseof59andwiththeconfidencethatshecando60,becauseofyou.JeaneanThomas,Cambridge41.A.loyalB.naughtyC.sincereD.considerate42.A.warnB.remindC.convinceD.inform43.A.justB.evenC.yetD.ever44.A.inquiringB.swearingC.dancingD.negotiating45.A.getalongB.escapeC.turnaroundD.compete46.A.secretlyB.exactlyC.generallyD.finally47.A.identityB.voiceC.statusD.competence48.A.guiltyB.awareC.scaredD.ashamed49.A.skillfulB.youngC.quietD.older50.A.AsusualB.ForsureC.InfactD.Sowhat51.A.flyingB.drivingC.floatingD.diving52.A.impressedB.recognizedC.approachedD.encouraged53.A.invitedB.allowedC.delightedD.accustomed54.A.speechB.excuseC.messageD.comment55.A.feetB.toolsC.marksD.senses56.A.reactB.answerC.balanceD.calculate57.A.storyB.memoryC.familyD.community58.A.fairB.kindC.similarD.responsible59.A.guiltyB.prideC.sorrowD.humor60.A.muchB.benefitC.herselfD.anything第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinaisconsideredthehomeoftea.ChineseteahadbeguntobeexportedtoJapanandKoreabeforetheTangDynasty(618-907).Intheearlyperiodofthe17thcentury,Chinesetea61(export)toEurope.TheteafromChinaisingreatabundanceandvariety.Totellifapotofteaisniceyoucanmainlyrely62thecolor,smell,tasteandform.OneofChina'ssixfamousteatypesiswhitetea,63getsitsnamefromitssilver-whitecolor.It64(be)mainlygrownandproducedinFujianandTaiwanprovinceswithalonghistory,datingbacktoNorthernSongDynasty(960-1127)inancientChina.Comparedwithothermajortypesoftea,itdistinguishesitselfby65(it)refreshinglysweettasteandbeautifulsilver-needle-likeshape,thus66(enjoy)greatpopularityamongtea67(drink).Inaddition,thelongeritispreserved,thebetterhealth-buildingeffectsithas.68(amazing),ithasbeenprovedthatifdrunkregularly,whiteteawillgreatlybenefitpeople'sphysicalandmentalhealth.Thisisbecauseitcannotonlyprotectpeoplefrombeing69(strike)bysomecommondiseases,70alsocaneffectivelyrelievesymptoms.第三部分写作(共两节；满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Nowadays,manymiddleschoolstudentsaretakingallkindsofafter-schoolclass.Therearetwoopinionsaboutit.Somethinkthatstudentscangetgoodexamresultsandgotobetterschoolsiftheytooktheseclasses.TheyalsobelievethatstudentscanavoidtowatchingtoomuchTVorplayingcomputergamesbytakingmoreafter-schoolclasses.Butotherthinkstudentsneedmoretimetorest.Iftheytaketoomuchclasses,theymightfeelstressed-out.Besides,puttingtoomuchpressureonthemcanhavetheoppositeeffect.Asforme,Idon'tthinktakeextraclassesisnecessary.Howwelearninclassisenough.Wecanimproveourefficientinclassandlearntoteachourselvesinsteadrelyingonextralessons.第二节书面表达（共1小题；满分25分）假定你是李华。你所在班级的交换生Peter正在进行一项关于垃圾分类的研究。他给你来信询问你们社区垃圾分类的实施情况，请给Peter回一份邮件，告诉他相关信息，邮件内容包括：写邮件的目的；垃圾分类的实施情况；你对垃圾分类的看法。注意：电子邮件的格式已为你写好，不计入总词数;词数：100左右。垃圾分类：garbageclassificationDearPeter,Bestwishes!Yours,LiHua2020届六校第一次联考英语参考答案及评分标准第一部分阅读理解（共两节,满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）21-23BCA24-27CADD28-31BDAD32-35CDAC第二节七选五（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）36-40BEADG第二部分英语知识运用（共两节,满分45分）第一节完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）41-45DCABC46-50ABCDD51-55ACBAA56-60CDBBD第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）61.wasexported62.on61.wasexported62.on63.which64.is65.its66.enjoying67.66.enjoying67.drinkers68.Amazingly第三部分写作（共两节，满分35分）69.struck/stricken70.but第一节短文改错（共1小题，满分10分）71.第71.第1句class->classes74.第4句去掉avoid后的to第8句take-taking80.第10句instead后加of注意：1・格式错也不得分。72.第3句good-better75.第5句other-others第9句how-what73.第3句took-take76.第6句much-many第10句efficient-efficiency2・阅卷时注意对前10处改的内容进行给分，从第11处起不算分。第二节书面表达（共1小题，满分25分）DearPeter,Howiseverythinggoing?Inyourlastletter,youaskedmeaboutgarbageclassificationinmycommunity,soI'mwritingtotellyousomedetailsaboutit.Thegarbageclassificationactivitywaslaunchedinourcommunitylastmonth.Peoplearerequiredtosorthouseholdgarbageintofourcategories,eachofwhichissupposedtobethrownintocertainbinsatcertaintimes.Individualswhofailtodosowillbefined.Althoughpeoplewereconfusedwiththedemandinggarbageclassificationatthebeginning,theyaremuchbetteratsortinggarbagenowwiththehelpofaspecialApp.Tomakethegarbageclassificationeasiertoachieve,morea