2019年高考英语试卷(北京卷)及参考答案

2019年高考英语试卷(北京卷)及参考答案2019年高考英语试卷(北京卷)及参考答案2019年高考英语试卷(北京卷)及参考答案xxx公司2019年高考英语试卷(北京卷)及参考答案文件编号：文件日期：修订次数：第1.0次更改批准审核制定方案设计，管理制度绝密★启用前2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）英语（考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：120分）考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AOnthefirstdayofmyfirstgrade,Istoodbythedoorwithbutterfliesinmystomach.I1（voice）mybiggestconcerntomymother.＂HowwillImakefriends?＂Shehandedmeadvice.＂Beyourself.＂Forthepast20years.Ihavelivedbythesewords.SoonIwillgraduateandbecomepartoftherealworld.Nervously2（face）challenges,IknowIwillwhisperto3（I）thetwosimplewords＂Beyourself＂.BEarthDay,4（mark）on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.Firstcelebrated51970,theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregions（地区）.Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvarious6（activity）onEarthDay.Youcanplantatree,makeamealwithlocallygrownvegetables,orsavepower—thepossibilitiesareendless.CDoesthenameofthecollegeyouattendreallymatterResearchonthequestion7（suggest）that,formoststudents,itdoesn’t.Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan8theygo.Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose9aretotallyengaged（参与）inacademiclife,takingfulladvantageofthecollege’schancesandresources（资源）.Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattend,andit’snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyand10（meaning）collegeexperience.第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Regardlessoftheweatherorthedistance,PaulWilsonwillmakesurelow-incomestudentsinhisneighbourhoodarriveattheircollegeclassesontime.Aretiredengineer,76-year-oldWilsonhasbeen11freeridestocollegestudentsforthepasteightyears.Sincehefirststarted12hiscartotheyoungpeople.Wilsonhas13amastonishing64,000miles,andhashadcountlesspleasantandoftenhumorous14withthestudentshetransportstoandfromstudentswhohe’s15havegoneontobecomephysicians,teachersandengineers,butwhatthey’vealsogotoutoftheirtimeinschoolisfindingarolemodelandafriendinstudents16callhim＂Grandpa＂.TinaStern17ridesfromWilsonforallherfouryearsincollege,andthetripsmeantmuchmoretoherthanjustfree18."It’snotjustaride；you’renotjustsittingtherein19silenceorwithyourheadphoneson.＂Sternsaid.＂Heasksyouquestionsandactually20theanswers,sothenexttimeyouridewithhim,he’ll21thosethings."Wilsonfirstworkedasadriverthroughastudent-supportprogrammeofthenon-profitorganization,OnPointforthe22asksthemembersonlytodrivestudentstoandfromtheirclasses,Wilsonoftengoes23toensurethewelfareandsafetyofthetheyhaveproblemswithregistration.Wilsonisthereto24theyrunoutofcertaindailywilldrivetotheneareststoreandpurchasewhat’sastudentgetshungryonthelongdrivestoandfromschool,Wilsonnever25tobuythemameal.Formanystudents,Wilson’shelpisnotonlyappreciated,it’salsoentirely26forthemtobeabletocompletetheircollegestudentsdon’thaveareliablecar,whileothershaveto27vehicleswithparentswhoworksixdaysaweek.Forthem,ridingwithWilsonhas28themtocompletetheireducation—butaccordingtoWilson,hebenefitsjustasmuchfromthe29.＂IjustlovedrivingandIlovethesekids,"Wilsonsaid."It’ssucha（n）30tobeapartofthesekids’lives,evenjustforafewhours,gettingtoknowthemandhearingtheirstories."11.A.linking B.sending C.offering D.distributing.donating 13.A.paved B.covered C.measured D.wandered14.A.arguments B.interviews C.negotiations D.wandered B.driven C.addressed D.conversations.even B.ever C.once D.already.earned B.received .transportation C.ridiculous on C.reminded D.employment 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWanttoexplorenewcultures,meetnewpeopleanddosomethingworthwhileatthesametimeYoucandoallthethreewithGlobalDevelopmentAssociation（GDA）.Whateverstageoflifeyou’reat,whereveryougoandwhateverprojectyoudoinGDA,you’llcreatepositivechangesinapoorandremotecommunity（社区）.Weworkwithvolunteersofallagesandofourvolunteersareagedweneedvolunteermanagersagedareextremelyimportantinthesafeandeffectiverunningofourhavesuchrolesasprojectmanagers,mountainleaders,andcommunicationofficers.Dependingonwhichroleyouchoose,youcouldhelptoincreaseacommunity’saccesstosafedrinkingwater,orhelptoprotectvaluablelocalmightalsodesignanadventurechallengetotrainyoungvolunteers.Notonlywillyouhelpouryoungvolunteerstodeveloppersonally,you’llalsolearnnewskillsandincreaseyourculturalmayhavechancestomeetnewpeoplewho’llbecomeyourlifelongfriends.Thissummerwehaveboth4-weekand7-weekprogrammes：CountrySchedule4-weekprogrammes7-weekprogrammesAlgeria5Jul.—1Aug.20Jun.—7Aug.Egypt24Jul.—20Aug.19Jun.—6Aug.Kenya20Jul.—16Aug.18Jun.—5Aug.SouthAfrica2Aug.—29Aug.15Jun.—2Aug.GDAensuresthatvolunteersworkwithcommunitymembersandlocalprojectpartnerswhereourhelpisourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentofpoorandremotecommunities.ThereisnootherchancelikeaGDAusasavolunteermanagertodevelopyourownskillswhilebringingbenefitstothecommunities.FindoutmoreaboutjoiningaGDAisthemainresponsibilityofvolunteermanagers?seeklocalpartners. B.Totakeinyoungvolunteers.C.Tocarryoutprogrammes. D.Tofosterculturalawareness.32.TheprogrammebeginninginAugustwilloperatein.A.EgyptB.Algeria C.KenyaD.SouthAfrica33.ThesharedgoalofGDA’sprojectsisto.A.explorenewcultures B.protecttheenvironmentC.gaincorporatebenefits D.helpcommunitiesinneedBAliceMooreisateenagerentrepreneur（创业者）,whoinMay2015setupherbusinessthetimeshewas13,hercompanywasworthmillionsofdollarswiththeinventionofasuper-sweettreatthatcouldsavekids’teeth,insteadofdestroyingthem.ItallbeganwhenMoorevisitedabankwithherdad.Ontheouting,shewasofferedacandybar.However,herdadremindedherthatsugarytreatswerebadforherteeth.ButMoorewassickofmissingoutoncandies.Soshedesiredtogetroundthewarning,"Whycan’tImakeahealthycandythat’sgoodformyteethsothatmyparentscan’tsaynotoit"Withthatinmind,Mooreaskedherdadifshecouldstartherowncandycompany.Herecommendedthatshedosomeresearchandtalktodentistsaboutwhatahealthiercandywouldcontain.Withherdad’spermission,shespentthenexttwoyearsresearchingonlineandconductingtrialstogetarecipethatwasbothtastyandtooth-friendly.Shealsoapproacheddentiststolearnmoreaboutteethcleaning.Consequently,shesucceededinmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners,whichcanreduceoralbacteria.Moorethenusedhersavingstogetherbusinessoftheground.Afterwards,sheandherfathersecuredtheirfirstbusinessmeetingwithasupermarketowner,whofinallyagreedtosellMoore’sproduct—CanCandy.AsCanCandy’ssuccessgrows,sodoesMoore’scredibilityasayoungentrepreneur.Mooreisenthusiasticaboutthecandyshecreated,andshe’salsopositiveaboutwhatthefuturemightbring.Shehopesthateverykidcanhaveacleanmouthandabroadsmile.Meanwhile,withherparents’help,Mooreisgenerallyabletoliveanormalteenagelife.Althoughshefoundedhercompanyearlyoninlife,shewasn’tdrivenprimarilybyprofit.Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheirdonates10%ofAilieCandy’sprofitstoBigSmiles.Withhertalentanddetermination,itappearsthattheskycouldbethelimitforAliceMoore.34.HowdidMoorereacttoherdad’swarning?A.Shearguedwithhim. B.Shetriedtofindawayout.C.Shepaidnoattention. D.Shechosetoconsultdentists.35.WhatisspecialaboutCanCandy?A.Itisbeneficialtodentalhealth. B.Itisfreeofsweeteners.C.Itissweeterthanothercandies. D.Itisproducedtoadentists’recipe.36.WhatdoesMooreexpectfromherbusiness?A.Toearnmoremoney. B.Tohelpothersfindsmiles.C.Tomakeherselfstandout. D.Tobeatothercandycompanies.37.WhatcanwelearnfromAliceMoore’sstory?A.Fameisagreatthirstoftheyoung.youthistoberegardedwithrespect.C.Positivethinkingandactionresultinsuccess.D.Successmeansgettingpersonaldesiressatisfied.CTheproblemofrobocallshasgottensobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfromnumberstheydon’tnextyear,halfofthecallswereceivewillbescams（欺诈）.Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgetting,it’stoolittle,toothetimethese＂solutions"（解决方案）becomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhavemovedontoclevererthenearfuture,it’snotjustgoingtobethenumberyouseeonyourscreenthatwillbeinyouwillalsoquestionwhetherthevoiceyou’rehearingisactuallyreal.That’sbecausethereareanumberofpowerfulvoicemanipulation(处理)andautomationtechnologiesthatareabouttobecomewidelyavailableforanyonetothisyear’sI/OConference,acompanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincinghuman-soundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchreasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.Adecadeofdatabreaches（数据侵入）ofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother’sname,andfarwiththisknowledge,they’reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatmeans,forexample,thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyourbankteller’s,trickingyouinto"confirming"youraddress,mother’sname,andcardfollowmoney,socompanieswillbetheworstlotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone,andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexistingmanipulationtechnologiesmayweakenthatgradually.Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelecomnetworks.Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtoworktogethertofindwaysofdeterminingandcommunicatingwhatisreal.Thatmightmeaneitherdevelopingauniformwaytomarkvideosandimages,showingwhenandwhotheyweremadeby,orabandoningphonecallsaltogetherandmovingtowardsdata-basedcommunications—usingappslikeFaceTimeorWhatsApp,whichcanbetiedtoyouridentity.Credibilityishardtoearnbuteasytolose,andtheproblemisonlygoingtogetharderfromhereonout.38.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesolutionstoproblemofrobocalls?

A.Panicked. B.Confused. C.Embarrassed. D.Disappointed.39.Takingadvantageofthenewtechnologies,scammerscan___________.A.aimatvictimsprecisely B.damagedatabaseseasilyC.startcampaignsrapidly D.spreadinformationwidely40.Whatdoesthepassageimply?

A.Honestyisthebestpolicy.B.Technologiescanbedouble-edged.C.Therearemoresolutionsthanproblems.D.Credibilityholdsthekeytodevelopment.41.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.WheretheProblemofRobocallsIsRootedB.WhoIstoBlamefortheProblemofRobocallsC.WhyRobocallsAreAbouttoGetMoreDangerousD.HowRobocallsAreAffectingtheWorldofTechnologyDBytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms（海洋微生物）calledofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofchangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean’sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide（二氧化碳）intotheoceanwhilegivingofftheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT’sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughouttheaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldmodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeeveninsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.＂Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging,＂shesaid,＂butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.＂AndwhydoesthatmatterPhytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean,Dutkiewiczsaid,＂itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive.＂Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.＂It’llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange,＂Dutkiewiczsaid,＂butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.＂42.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.B.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.C.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.D.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.43.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂vulnerable＂inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Sensitive. B.Beneficial. C.Significant. D.Unnoticeable.44.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.B.Dutkiewicz’smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.C.Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.D.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.B.Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.C.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.D.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Muchoftheworkintoday’sworldisaccomplished（完成）inteams.Mostpeoplebelievethebestwaytobuildagreatteamistogatheragroupofthemosttalentedindividuals.46Companiesspendmillionshiringtopbusinesspeople.Istheirmoneywellspent?

47Theyfocusedonfootball,basketballandbaseball.Theresultsaremixed.Forfootballandbasketball,addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod,butonlyuptothepointwhere70%oftheplayersaretoptalent;abovethatlevel,theteam’sperformancebeginstodecline.Interestingly,thistrendisn’tevidentinbaseball,whereadditionalindividualtalentkeepsimprovingtheteam’sperformance.Toexplainthisphenomenon,theresearchersexploredthedegreetowhichagoodperformancebyateamrequiresitsmemberstocoordinate（协调）theiractions.48Inbaseball,theperformanceofindividualplayersislessdependentonconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh,teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent,whileindividualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformancewhentaskinterdependenceisabasketballstaris,forexample,tryingtogainahighpersonalpointtotal,hemaytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate,affectingtheteam’schildrenlearningtoplayteamsportsareoftentold,＂ThereisnoIinTEAM.＂49Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam,someplayersmaymakelessasinagameoftug-of-war（拔河比赛）,wheneverapersonisadded,everyoneelsepullstheropewithlessforce.50.AnA-teammayrequireabalance—notjustAplayers,butafewgenerousBplayersaswell.’snotasimplemattertodeterminethenatureoftalent.teamownersspendmillionsofdollarsattractingtoptalentgroupinteractionanditseffectdrewtheresearchers’attention.apparentlydonotfollowthisbasicprincipleofsportsmanship.recentstudiesexaminedtheroleoftalentinthesportsworld.upadreamteamismorecomplexthansimplyhiringthebesttalent.taskinterdependencedistinguishesbaseballfromfootballandbasketball.第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节(15分)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim打算暑假期间来北京、天津和上海旅游，发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：1.交通出行；2.必备衣物。注意：1.词数不少于50；2.开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。DearJim，_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________