定语从句关系词特殊用法课件

定语从句关系词的特殊情况和用法定语从句关系词的特殊情况和用法

关系代词that代替which的一些情况

which,that在代替物时，一般可以通用。但在有些情况下，只用that。⑴先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。例如：①Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.②Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.

⑵先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。例如：①Thisisthelastplace(that)Iwanttovisit.②ItisthefirstAmericanmovieofthiskindthatI’veeverseen.⑶先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等代词时。例如：①Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.②Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.⑵先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。⑷先行词前面有theonly,thevery,any,few,little,no,all,much,every等修饰时。例如：①Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.②Thelittlemoney(that)hehadwasstolen.⑷先行词前面有theonly,thevery,an宜用who,而不用that的一些情况⑴先行词是one,ones,anyone时。例如：①Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.②Don’ttellanyoneaboutthenewswhooughtn’ttoknowit.⑵先行词是those时。例如：①Thosewhowerenotfitfortheirworkcouldnotseethebeautifulclothesmadeofthemagiccloth.宜用who,而不用that的一些情况用whom,不用who的情况在从句中作介词宾语的关系代词，且关系代词直接跟在介词后面时，只用whom,不用who.IcameacrossafewfriendswithwhomIwenttothepark.Weshouldn’tspendmoneytestingthosepeople,mostofwhomarehealthy.

用whom,不用who的情况介词前提的问题关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以前提至关系代词前。例如：Haveyouseenthepen(which)Iwrotethenotewithjustnow?（which作介词with的宾语）→HaveyouseenthepenwithwhichIwrotethenotejustnow?介词前提的问题但是，要注意的是：⑴介词前提后，先行词是人或物，关系代词分别只能用whom和which，而不再用that或who。⑵介词前提后，关系代词不再能省略。⑶有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。例如：①错误：Whoistheoldmantothatyouweretalkingto?正确：Whoistheoldmantowhomyouweretalking?或Whoistheoldman(that/whom)youweretalkingto?②错误：Thesearethesheepofwhichtheboytookcare.正确：Thesearethesheep(which/that)theboytookcareof.但是，要注意的是：改错练习1.I’musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.

2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?加the

3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.

to

whom

4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwe’llneverforget.

that

5.Istillremembertheholidays

?

Istayedwiththem.

when改错练习6.I’mgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.

that

7.Thosethathaven’tbeentotheWestLakewillgatherattheschoolgate.

who

8.Idon’tlikethewaywhichyoutalkedtoyourfriend.

in

which

9.ThisisthelasttimewhenI’vegivenyoulessons.

that

10.Soontheycametoafarmhouse,andinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy.

6.I’mgoingtoworkintheho11.Weheardthenewswhichourteamwonthegame.

改成that

12.Thereasonwhichheexplaineditsoundsreasonable.

why

13.Thoseatthedeskwanttobuyticketswritedownyournames.

those

who

14.Thatwasthereasonbecauseshelookedold.

why

15.Thisisthefactorywherewevisitedlastweek.

which

11.Weheardthenewswhichou16.ThisisthewatchforwhichTomislooking

for.

17.ThepersontowhoyouspokeisastudentofGradeTwo.

whom

18.Thehouseinthatweliveisverysmall.

which

19.Thesungivesofflightandwarmth,thatmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow.

which

20.I’vereadallthebookswhichIborrowedfromthelibrary.

that16.ThisisthewatchforwhicSoontheycametoafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.Soontheycametoafarmhouse.Asmallboy

sat

in

front

of（the

house）.状语？Soontheycametoafarmhouse,where/whichthereisasmallboysatinfrontof.Thisisthefactory

in

which/where

my

father

works.Soontheycametoafarmhouse1．介词+which表时间、地点或原因，代替关系副词when、where、why：1）Istillrememberthedayonwhich（=when）IwenttoBeijing.2）Thefactoryinwhich（=where）Iworkisalargeone.3)Thisisthereasonforwhich(=why)hewaslateforschool.介词前置1．介词+which表时间、地点或原因，代替关系副词w2.

介词+which(指物),whom(指人),作分句中的目的、方式、地点状语等。这种结构中的介词一般为动词所支配。1）Couldyoutellmethemanforwhomyouhaveboughtthiscoat

(for)?2)Hebuiltawindow

throughwhichhecouldlook

(through)

whatwentoninside.3)Theman,fromwhomIlearnedthenews

(from)

,isanengineer.2.介词+which(指物),whom(指人),作分3.介词词组+

关系代词

(which指物,whom指人),表示存在关系。关系分句中须主谓倒置。1）Theyarrivedatafarmhouse，infrontofwhichsatanoldman.2）Isawawoman，ontheheadofwhomstoodabird.3.介词词组+关系代词(which指物,whom4.

不定代词或数词

+

介词ofwhich(指物),whom(指人),说明整体中的部分关系.1)Chinahasmanyislands,oneofwhichisTaiwan.2)Thereareagreatmanystudentshere,

noneofwhomlikethefilm.3)Hehasfivechildren,

allofwhomarePartymembers.4)Thoseforeignteachers,mostofwhomhaveneverbeentoChinabefore,areenjoyingtheirworkhereverymuch.5)TherearemanykindsofbirdsinAustralia,andover140speciesofsnakes,manyofwhichareextremelydangerous.4.不定代词或数词+介词ofwhich(指物),5.介词by+which(指物),whom(指人),在被动结构中表明动作的发出者.1）Thewolfbywhichthesheepwaskilledwasshot.2)Themanbywhomthewolfwasshotisagoodhunter.5.介词by+which(指物),whom(指人)6.ofwhich代替

whose，指物

，用作分句中的

后置定语。1）Isawsometrees，theleavesofwhich（=whoseleaves）wereblackwithdisease。2）Hementionedabook，thetitleofwhich（=whosetitle）Ihaveforgotten。6.ofwhich代替whose，指物，用作分7．介词+which（指物），whose（指人），作前置定语，修饰后面的中心词。1）Itrainedallnightandallday,

duringwhichtimetheshipbrokeintopieces。2）Thedriverwasthemanfromwhoseroomshehadstolenthemap。7．介词+which（指物），whose（指人），作前8．介词+which+动词不定式。1）Shehadonly1.87dollarswithwhichtobuyJimapresent。2）Atlasttherewassomethingaboutwhichtowritehome。8．介词+which+动词不定式。1．Agoodadoftenuseswords_____peopleattachpositivemeanings.A．inwhich

B

towhich

C

forwhich

Donwhich2．DrCurtisWelchdiscoveredthatsomechildrenhadaterribledisease_____hehadnomedicine。A．by

which

B

on

which

C

for

which

Dtowhich3．13．Inthenewcitytherewasn‘tasingleperson_____thepoorboycouldturnforhelp.A.that

B.who

C.fromwhom

D.towhomBCD1．Agoodadoftenuseswords__4.Thisistheworker,_____thebookwaswritten.A.who

B.whom

C.ofwhom

D.bywhom5.Thebook,thecover,______isbroken,isnotmine.ofit

B.

forit

C.

inwhere

D.

ofwhich6.Iliketheway______hetalksandlaughs.which

B.when

C.inwhich

D.forwhich7．ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity

，_____shewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.A.afterthat

B.fromwhich

C.fromthat

D.afterwhich

DDCD4.Thisistheworker,_____the8.Ihavemanyfriends,_____somearebusinessmen.ofthem

B.fromwhich

C.whoof

D.ofwhom9.

Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone

______familywaspoor.A.ofwhomthe

B.whom

C.ofwhose

D.

theD

A8.Ihavemanyfriends,_____s解定语从句题的步骤定语从句练习（一）第一步先看先行词：是人？是物？单数复数？Q6，Q2，Q11,

Q16，Q19，Q21第二步看先行词中是否有any,thefirst,thebest,all等词（用that）。是否有one,those这一类词（用who）。Q1，3，4，7，9，15，24解定语从句题的步骤第一步第三步拆分句子，以辨别句子成分和找出介词Q5，10，12，13，14，16-20，22，23，25辨别句子成分：(Q10)

The

place

was

the

Children’s

Palace.(主句）The

place

interested

me

most.(从句）“The

place”在从句中做主语，所以用which/that第三步第三步拆分句子，以辨别句子成分和找出介词Q5，10，12，13，14，16-20，22，23，25找出介词：Q22

Have

you

seen

the

girl?（主句）I

told

you

(

of

)

the

girl.(从句）从句变成正常顺序后（原句”thegirlItoldyouof”为倒装），自然可以发现缺少介词。第三步定语从句关系词的特殊情况和用法定语从句关系词的特殊情况和用法

关系代词that代替which的一些情况

which,that在代替物时，一般可以通用。但在有些情况下，只用that。⑴先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。例如：①Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.②Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.

⑵先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。例如：①Thisisthelastplace(that)Iwanttovisit.②ItisthefirstAmericanmovieofthiskindthatI’veeverseen.⑶先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等代词时。例如：①Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.②Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.⑵先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。⑷先行词前面有theonly,thevery,any,few,little,no,all,much,every等修饰时。例如：①Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.②Thelittlemoney(that)hehadwasstolen.⑷先行词前面有theonly,thevery,an宜用who,而不用that的一些情况⑴先行词是one,ones,anyone时。例如：①Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.②Don’ttellanyoneaboutthenewswhooughtn’ttoknowit.⑵先行词是those时。例如：①Thosewhowerenotfitfortheirworkcouldnotseethebeautifulclothesmadeofthemagiccloth.宜用who,而不用that的一些情况用whom,不用who的情况在从句中作介词宾语的关系代词，且关系代词直接跟在介词后面时，只用whom,不用who.IcameacrossafewfriendswithwhomIwenttothepark.Weshouldn’tspendmoneytestingthosepeople,mostofwhomarehealthy.

用whom,不用who的情况介词前提的问题关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以前提至关系代词前。例如：Haveyouseenthepen(which)Iwrotethenotewithjustnow?（which作介词with的宾语）→HaveyouseenthepenwithwhichIwrotethenotejustnow?介词前提的问题但是，要注意的是：⑴介词前提后，先行词是人或物，关系代词分别只能用whom和which，而不再用that或who。⑵介词前提后，关系代词不再能省略。⑶有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。例如：①错误：Whoistheoldmantothatyouweretalkingto?正确：Whoistheoldmantowhomyouweretalking?或Whoistheoldman(that/whom)youweretalkingto?②错误：Thesearethesheepofwhichtheboytookcare.正确：Thesearethesheep(which/that)theboytookcareof.但是，要注意的是：改错练习1.I’musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.

2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?加the

3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.

to

whom

4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwe’llneverforget.

that

5.Istillremembertheholidays

?

Istayedwiththem.

when改错练习6.I’mgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.

that

7.Thosethathaven’tbeentotheWestLakewillgatherattheschoolgate.

who

8.Idon’tlikethewaywhichyoutalkedtoyourfriend.

in

which

9.ThisisthelasttimewhenI’vegivenyoulessons.

that

10.Soontheycametoafarmhouse,andinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy.

6.I’mgoingtoworkintheho11.Weheardthenewswhichourteamwonthegame.

改成that

12.Thereasonwhichheexplaineditsoundsreasonable.

why

13.Thoseatthedeskwanttobuyticketswritedownyournames.

those

who

14.Thatwasthereasonbecauseshelookedold.

why

15.Thisisthefactorywherewevisitedlastweek.

which

11.Weheardthenewswhichou16.ThisisthewatchforwhichTomislooking

for.

17.ThepersontowhoyouspokeisastudentofGradeTwo.

whom

18.Thehouseinthatweliveisverysmall.

which

19.Thesungivesofflightandwarmth,thatmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow.

which

20.I’vereadallthebookswhichIborrowedfromthelibrary.

that16.ThisisthewatchforwhicSoontheycametoafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.Soontheycametoafarmhouse.Asmallboy

sat

in

front

of（the

house）.状语？Soontheycametoafarmhouse,where/whichthereisasmallboysatinfrontof.Thisisthefactory

in

which/where

my

father

works.Soontheycametoafarmhouse1．介词+which表时间、地点或原因，代替关系副词when、where、why：1）Istillrememberthedayonwhich（=when）IwenttoBeijing.2）Thefactoryinwhich（=where）Iworkisalargeone.3)Thisisthereasonforwhich(=why)hewaslateforschool.介词前置1．介词+which表时间、地点或原因，代替关系副词w2.

介词+which(指物),whom(指人),作分句中的目的、方式、地点状语等。这种结构中的介词一般为动词所支配。1）Couldyoutellmethemanforwhomyouhaveboughtthiscoat

(for)?2)Hebuiltawindow

throughwhichhecouldlook

(through)

whatwentoninside.3)Theman,fromwhomIlearnedthenews

(from)

,isanengineer.2.介词+which(指物),whom(指人),作分3.介词词组+

关系代词

(which指物,whom指人),表示存在关系。关系分句中须主谓倒置。1）Theyarrivedatafarmhouse，infrontofwhichsatanoldman.2）Isawawoman，ontheheadofwhomstoodabird.3.介词词组+关系代词(which指物,whom4.

不定代词或数词

+

介词ofwhich(指物),whom(指人),说明整体中的部分关系.1)Chinahasmanyislands,oneofwhichisTaiwan.2)Thereareagreatmanystudentshere,

noneofwhomlikethefilm.3)Hehasfivechildren,

allofwhomarePartymembers.4)Thoseforeignteachers,mostofwhomhaveneverbeentoChinabefore,areenjoyingtheirworkhereverymuch.5)TherearemanykindsofbirdsinAustralia,andover140speciesofsnakes,manyofwhichareextremelydangerous.4.不定代词或数词+介词ofwhich(指物),5.介词by+which(指物),whom(指人),在被动结构中表明动作的发出者.1）Thewolfbywhichthesheepwaskilledwasshot.2)Themanbywhomthewolfwasshotisagoodhunter.5.介词by+which(指物),whom(指人)6.ofwhich代替

whose，指物

，用作分句中的

后置定语。1）Isawsometrees，theleavesofwhich（=whoseleaves）wereblackwithdisease。2）Hementionedabook，thetitleofwhich（=whosetitle）Ihaveforgotten。6.ofwhich代替whose，指物，用作分7．介词+which（指物），whose（指人），作前置定语，修饰后面的中心词。1）Itrainedallnightandallday,

duringwhichtimetheshipbrokeintopieces。2）Thedriverwasthemanfromwhoseroomshehadstolenthemap。7．介词+which（指物），whose（指人），作前8．介词+which+动词不定式。1）Shehadonly1.87dollarswithwhichtobuyJimapresent。2）Atlasttherewassomethingaboutwhichtowritehome。8．介词+which+动词不定式。1．Agoodadoftenuseswords_____peopleattachpositivemeanings.A．inwhich

B

towhich

C

forwhich

Donwhich2．DrCurtisWelchdiscoveredthatsomechildrenhadaterribledisease_____hehadnomedicine。A．by

which

B

on

which

C

f