新帕尔格雷夫经济学大词典专题索引

新帕尔格雷夫经济学大词典专题索引(1)新帕尔格雷夫经济学大词典专题索引⑴新帕尔格雷夫经济学大词典专题索引⑴亚当・斯密的〃有效需求〃"effectualdemand",inadamsmith自回归综合移动平均模型arimamodels不在地主absentee绝对地租absoluterent绝对的和可交换的价值absoluteandexchangeablevalue国际收支的开支吸收分析法 absorptionapproachtothebalanceofpayments吸收能力absorptivecapacity节欲abstinence抽象劳动与具体劳动abstractandconcretelabour加速原理accelerationprinciple会计学与经济学accountingandeconomics私人和社会会计accounting,privateandsocial资本的积累accumulationofcapital非循环性acyclicity适应性预期adapticeexpectation总额相符问题adding-upproblem调整的成本adjustmentcost调整过程与稳定性adjustmentprocessesandstability有管理的价格administeredprices预付advances逆选择adverseselection广告advertising顾问advisers人口老化ageingpopulations代理费agencycosts生产要素agentsofproduction总需求理论aggregatedemandtheory总需求和总供给分析aggregatedemandandsupplyanalysis总供给函数aggregatesupplyfunction加总问题aggregationproblem经济关系的总和aggregationofeconomicrelations农业经济学agriculturaleconomics农业增长和人口变化agriculturalgrowthandpopulationchange农产品供给agriculturalsupply农业与经济发展agricultureandeconomicdevelopment农业与土地agricultureandland异化alienation阿莱悖论allaisparadox阿尔蒙滞后almonlag利他主义altruism美国经济协会americaneconomicassociation摊专销amortization类比analogy无政府主义anarchism反托拉斯政策antitrustpolicy适用技术appropriatetechnology套利arbitrage套利定价理论arbitragepricingtheory仲裁arbitration军备竞赛armsraces阿罗定理arrow'stheorem阿罗-德布勒一般均衡模型arrow-debrenmodelofgeneralequilibrium资产定价assetpricing资产与负债assetsandliabilities指派问题assignmentproblems非对称信息asymmetricinformation原子状竞争atomisticcompetition拍卖者auctioneer拍卖auctions奥地利经济学派austrianschoolofeconomics自给自足autarky自发支出autonomousexpenditures自回归和移动平均时间序列过程autoregressiveandmoving-averagetime-seriesprocesses平均成本定价averagecostpricing阿弗奇一约翰逊效应averch-johnsoneffect公理化理论axiomatictheories交割延期费backwardation落后性backwardness贸易差额理论史balanceoftrade,historyofthetheory平衡预算乘数balancedbudgetmaltiptier平衡增长balancedgrowth中央银行利率bankrate银行学派,通货学派,自由银行学派bankingschool,currencyschool,freebankingschool讨价还价（议价）bargaining物物交换barter物物交换和交易barterandexchange基本品和非基本品basicsandnon-basics基点计价制basingpointsystem杂牌凯恩斯主义bastardkeynesianism贝叶斯推断bayesianinference以邻为整beggar-the-neighbor行为经济学behavioraleconomics有偏和无偏的技术进步biasedandunbiasedtechnologicalchange出价bidding双边垄断bilateralmonopoly复本位制bimetallism生物经济学bioeconomics经济学在生物学中的应用biologicalapplicationsofeconomics伯明翰学派birminghamschool生死过程birth-and-deathprocesses债券bonds有限理性论boundedrationality资产阶级bourgeoisie贿赂bribery泡沫状态bubbles预算政策budgetarypolicy缓冲存货bufferstocks内在稳定器built-instabilizers金银本位主义的争论bullionistcontroversy束状图bunchmaps公债负担burdenofthedebt官僚制度bureaucracy经济周期businesscycles不变替代弹性生产函数cesproductionfunction变分法calculusofvariations官房经济学派cameralism资本资产定价模型capitalassetpricingmodel资本预算的编制capitalbudgeting资本外逃capitalflight资本的收益与损失capitalgainsandlosses资本品capitalgoods资本的反常现象capitalperversity资本理论capitaltheory资本的理论：争论capitaltheory:debates资本理论：悖论capitaltheory:paradoxes固定资本利用程度capitalutilization作为一种生产要素的资本capitalasafactorofproduction作为一种社会关系的资本capitalasasocialrelation资本、信贷和货币市场capital,creditandmoneymarkets资本主义capitalism资本主义的与非资本主义的生产capitalisticandacapitalisticproduction卡特尔cartel交易学catallactics突变论catastrophetheory赶超catching-up因果推理causalinference经济模型中的因果关系causalityineconomicmodels删截数据模型censoreddatamodels中央银行业务centralbanking中心地区理论centralplacetheory中央计划centralplanning波动重心centreofgravitation确定性等价certaintyequivalent如果其他条件不变ceterisparibus偏好的改变changesintastes宪章运动：宪章的条款chantism:thepointofthecharter物品特性characteristics宪章运动chartism低息借款cheapmoney芝加哥学派chicagoschool技术选择与利润率choiceoftechniqueandtherateofprofit牟利学（理财）chrematistics基督教社会主义christiansocialism循环流动circularflow流通资本circulatingcapital阶级class古典经济学classicaleconomics古典增长模型classicalgrowthmodels古典货币理论classicaltheoryofmoney历史计量学cliometrics社团clubs合作社co-operatives科斯定理coasetheorem柯布-道格拉斯函数cobb-douglasfunction蛛网定理cobwebtheorem共同决定和利润分享codeterminationandprofit-sharing同族学科cognatedisplines柯尔培尔主义colbertism集体行动collectiveaction集体农业collectiveagriculture劳资集体谈判collectivebargaining合谋collusion殖民主义colonialism殖民地colonies联合combination组合论combinatorics命令经济commandeconomy商品拜物教commodityfetishism商品货币commoditymoney商品储备货币commodityreservecurrency公共土地commonland习惯法commonlaw公共财产权commonpropertyrights通讯communications共产主义communism社会（公共）无差异曲线communityindifferencecurves比较利益comparativeadvantage比较静态学comparativestatics补偿需求compensateddemand补偿compensation补偿原理compensationprinciple竞争competition竞争政策competitionpolicy竞争与效率competitionandefficiency竞争与选择competitionandselection国际贸易竞争competitionininternationaltrade奥地利学派的竞争理论competition:austrianconceptions古典竞争理论competition:classicalconceptions马克思学派的竞争理论competition:marxianconceptions竞争性市场过程competitivemarketprocesses一般均衡的计算computationofgeneralequlibria集中比率concentrationratios冲突与解决conflictandsettlement冲突与战争conflictandwar拥挤congestion综合性大企业conglomerates推测均衡conjecturalequilibria炫耀性消费conspicuousconsumption不变资本和可变资本constantandvariablecapital制度经济学constitutionaleconomics而寸用消费品consumerdurables消费者剩余consumersurplus消费者支出consumers,expenditure消费函数consumptionfunction消费集consumptionsets10消费税consumptiontaxation消费与生产consumptionandproduction可竞争市场contestablemarkets或有商品contingentcommodities经济历史的连续性continuityineconomichistory连续和离散时间模型continuousanddiscretetimemodels连续-时间随机模型continuous-timestochasticmodel连续时间随机过程continuous-timestochasticprocesses矛盾contradiction资本主义的矛盾contradictionsofcapitalism经济活动的控制与协调controlandcoordinationofeconomicactivity趋向性假说convergencehypothesis凸规戈Uconvexprogramming凸性convexity合作均衡cooperativeequilibrium合作对策cooperativegames核/心cores谷物法cornlaws谷物模型cornmodel公司经济corporateeconomy公司corporations11社团主义corporatism对应原理correspondenceprinciple对应correspondences成本函数costfunctions成本最小化和效用最大化costminimizationandutilitymaximization成本和供给曲线costandsupplycurves生产成本costofproduction成本-效益分析cost-benefitanalysis成本推动型通货膨胀cost-pushinflation反向贸易countertrade反设事实counterfactuals抗衡力量countervailingpower蠕动钉住汇率crawlingpeg创造性破坏creativedestruction信贷credit信贷周期creditcycle信贷配给creditrationing犯罪与处罚crimeandpunishment危机crises关键路径分析criticalpathanalysis12挤出效应crowdingout累积的因果关系cumulativecausation累积过程cumulativeprocesses通货currencies通货委员会currencyboards关税同盟customsunions周期cycles社会主义经济的周期cyclesinsocialisteconomies技能退化de-skilling高息借款dearmoney销路理论debouches,theoriedes分权decentralization决策理论decisiontheory衰落产业decliningindustries人口下降decliningpopulation国防经济学defenceeconomics赤字财政deficitfinancing赤字支出deficitspending垄断程度degreeofmonopoly效用程度degreeofutility需求管理demandmanagement需求价格demandprice13需求理论demandtheory货币需求：经验研究demandformoney:empiricalstudies货币需求：理论研究demandformoney:theoreticalstudies需求拉动型通货膨胀demand-pullinflation人口转变demographictransition人口统计学demography依附dependency折耗depletion折旧depreciation萧条depressions派生需求deriveddemand决定论determinism发展development发展经济学developmenteconomics发展计戈Udevelopmentplanning辩证唯物主义dialecticalmaterialism辩证推理dialecticalreasoning微分对策differentialgames获得的困难difficultyofattainment生产的难易程度difficultyorfacilityofproduction技术扩散diffusionoftechnology经济量的维数dimensionofeconomicquantities14直接税directtaxes直接非生产性寻利活动directlyunproductiveprofit-seeking(dup)activities离散的选择模型discretechoicemodels歧视性垄断discriminatingmonopoly歧视discrimination非均衡分析disequilibriumanalysis隐蔽性失业disguisedunemployment反中介行动disintermediation扭曲distortions分酉己distribution占典分配理论distributiontheories:classical凯恩斯主义的分配理论distributiontheories:keynesian马克思主义的分配理论distributiontheories:marxian新古典分配理论distributiontheories:neoclassical分配伦理distribution,ethicsof分配规律distribution,lawof分配公平distributivejustice多样化经营diversificationofactivities分段的总体和随机模型dividedpopulationsandstochasticmodels股息政策dividendpolicy15迪维西亚指数divisiaindex劳动分工divisionoflabour经济学说doctrines土地调查清册domesdaybook家务劳动domesticlabour复式簿记double-entrybookkeeping二元经济dualeconomies二元性duality虚拟变量dummyvariables倾销dumping双头垄断duopoly动态规划和马尔可夫决策过程dynamicprogrammingandmarkovdecisionprocess经济增长和发展的动力学dynamics,growthanddevelopment东西方经济关系east-westeconomicrelations伊斯特林假说easterlinhypothesis经济计量学econometrics经济人类学economicanthropology社会主义经济的经济计算economiccalculationinsocialisteconomies经济自由economicfreedom16经济增长economicgrowth经济和谐economicharmony经济史economichistory经济一体化economicintegration历史的经济学解释economicinterpretationofhistory经济法则economiclaws经济人economicman经济组织economicorganization经济组织与交易成本economicorganizationandtransactioncosts经济科学与经济学economicscienceandeconomics经济剩余与等边际原理economicsurplusandtheequimarginalprinciple经济理论与理性假说economictheoryandthehypothesisofrationality国家的经济理论economictheoryofthestate经济战economicwar经济和社会人类学economicandsocialanthropology经济和社会史economicandsocialhistory经济学图书馆与文献的使用economicslibrariesanddocumentation规模经济与规模不经济economiesanddiseconomies17ofscale经济计量学economitrics有效需求effectivedemand实际保护effectiveprotection有效酉己置efficientallocation有效率市场假说efficientmarkethypothesis国际收支的弹性分析方法elasticitiesapproachtothebalanceofpayments弹性elasticity替代弹性elasticityofsubstitution就业理论employment,theoriesof空匣emptyboxes内生性与外生性endogencityandexoyeneity内生货币与外生货币endogenousandexogenousmoney能源经济学energyeconomics强制执行enforcement恩格尔曲线engelcurve恩格尔定律engel'slaw英国历史学派englishhistoricalschool权禾I」entitlements企业家entrepreneur熵entropy18进入与市场结构entryandmarketstructure包络定理envelopetheorem环境经济学environmentaleconomics妒忌envy国民历代大事记或民族精神编年史ephemeridesducitoyenouchroniquedei'espritnational经济学中的认识论问题epistemologicalissuesineconomics均等利润率equalratesofprofit平等equality交易方程equationofexchange均衡：概念的发展equilibrium:developmentoftheconcept均衡：一个预期性的概念equilibrium:anexpectationalconcept公平equity遍历理论ergodictheory变量误差errorsinvariables估计estimation欧拉定理euler'stheorem欧洲美元市场eurodollarmarket事前与事后exanteandexpost过度需求与供给excessdemandandsupply交换exchange19夕卜汇管制exchangecontrol汇率exchangerate可能竭资源exhaustibleresources一般均衡的存在性existenceofgeneralequilibrium退出和进言exitandvoice预期expectations预期效用假说expectedutilityhypothesis预期效用及数学期望 expectedutilityandmethematicalexpectation消费支出税expendituretax经济学中的实验方法(i)experimentalmethodsineconomics(i)经济学中的实验方法(ii)experimentalmethodsineconomics(ii)剥削exploitation展延家庭extendedfamily扩展型对策extensiveformgames粗放与集约地租extensiveandintensiverent夕卜债externaldebt夕在经济externaleconomies外在性externalities费边经济学fabianeconomics20因子分析factoranalysis要素价格边界factorpricefrontier公平分配fairdivision公平性fairness下降的利润率fallingrateofprofit家庭family计划生育familyplanning饥荒famine法西斯主义fascism生育力fecundity人口出生率fertibity封建主义feudalism法定不兑现纸币fiatmoney虚拟资本fictitiouscapital信用发行fiduciaryissue最终效用程度finaldegreeofutility最终效用finalutility金融finance金融资本financecapital融资和储蓄financeandsaving金融危机financialcrisis金融中介financialintermediaries21金融新闻业financialjournalism金融市场financialmarkets微调finetuning厂商理论firm,theoryofthe财政联邦主义fiscalfederalism财政态势fiscalstance发展中国家的财政和货币政策fiscalandmonetarypoliciesindevelopingcountries渔业fisheries固定资本fixedcapital固定汇率fixedexchangerates不变生产要素fixedfactors不动点定理fixedpointtheorems固定价格模型fixpricemodels浮动汇率flexibleexchangerates强制储蓄forcedsaving预测forecasting对外援助foreignaid国外投资foreigninvestment对外贸易foreigntrade对外贸易乘数foreigntrademultiplier森林经济forests22欺骗fraud自由银行制度freebanking自由处置freedisposal免费物品freegoods免费午餐freelunch自由贸易和保护主义freetradeandprotection充分就业fullemployment充分就业预算盈余fullemploymentbudgetsurplus完全及有限信息方法fullandlimitedinformationmethods泛函分析functionalanalysis功能财政functionalfinance根本性失衡fundamentaldisequilibrium可替代性fungibility期贷市场、套头交易与投机futuresmarkets,hedgingandspeculation期货交易futurestrading模糊集合fuzzysets贸易收益gainsfromtrade对策论什博奕论）gametheory不完全信息对策gameswithincompleteinformation赌博合同gamingcontracts度规函数gaugefunctions23资本搭配gearing性别gender一般均衡generalequilibrium一般系统理论generalsystemtheory德国历史学派germanhistoricalschool吉布拉定律gibrat'slaw吉芬悖论giffen'sparadox赠品gifts吉尼比率giniratio经济理论中的整体分析globalanalysisineconomictheory金本位goldstandard黄金时代goldenage黄金律goldenrule货物与商品goodsandcommodities政府预算约束governmentbudgetrestraint图论graphtheory重力模型gravitymodels格莱辛定律gresham'slaw总替代品grosssubstitutes群(李群)论group(liegroup)theory增长的核算growthaccounting增长与周期growthandcycles24经济增长与国际贸易growthandinternationaltrade哈恩问题hahnproblem汉密尔顿体系hamiltonians哈里斯-托达罗模型harris-todaromodel哈罗德-多马增长模型harrod-domargrowthmodel霍金斯一西蒙条件hawkins-simoncondition卫生经济学healtheconomics赫克歇尔-俄林贸易理论heckscher-ohlintradetheory套头交易hedging享乐函数和享乐指数hedonicfunctionsandhedonicindexes享乐主义hedonism黑格尔主义hegelianism赫芬达尔指数herfindahlindex异方差性heteroskedasticity隐蔽活动，道德风险与合同理论hiddenaction,moralhazardandcontracttheory等级制度hierarchy讨价还价higgling健全货币与货币基础high-poweredmoneyandthemonetarybase历史成本会计historicalcostaccounting25历史人口统计学historicaldemography经济思想及学说史historyofthoughtanddoctrine齐次函数和位似函数homogeneousandhomotheticfunctions国际游资hotmoney家庭预算householdbudgets家庭生产householdproduction家务劳动housework住房市场housingmarkets人力资本humancapital人类资源humanresources虚构的生产函数humbugproductionfunction持猎和采集经济huntingandgatheringeconomies恶性通货膨胀hyperinflation假设检验hypothesistestingis-lm分析is-lmanalysis理想指数idealindexes理想产出idealoutput理想类型idealtype识另Uidentification意识形态ideology贫困化增长immiserizinggrow26尽早消费偏好impatience不完全竞争imperfectcompetition不完全模型imperfectionistmodels帝国主义imperialism默认契约implicitcontracts进口替代和出口导向型增长importsubstitutionandexport-ledgrowth派算imputation剌激的协调性incentivecompatibility刺激性合同incentivecontracts收入income收入-支出分析income-expenditureanalysis收入政策incomespolicies不