英汉翻译教案

精品文档精品文档精品文档精品文档2欢迎下载2欢迎下载精品文档精品文档..。1欢迎下载ChapterOnePartOneDefinitionofTranslationILengthoftime:twohoursIITeachingaims:1familiarizeSswiththedefinitionoftranslation?helpSstomastertheclassificationoftranslation;3familiarizeSswiththehistoryoftranslationinChinaIIIMainteachingpoints:definitionoftranslation;classificationoftranslation;historyoftranslationinChinaIVTeachingprocedure:DefinitionTranslationinbroadsense:Translationofbasicinformationbetweenlanguageandlanguage,languagevarietyandlanguagevarietyaswellaslanguageandnon-languagecode.（eg:a.fromEnglishtoChineseorviceversa;b.fromCantonesetoPutonghuaorstandardChinese;fromancientChinesetocontemporaryChinese;c.fromtrafficsigntotrafficregulations）Translationinnarrowsensea.changeoflanguage宋僧法云：“夫翻译者，谓翻梵天之语，转为汉地之言。音虽似别，义则大同。 ”（《翻译名义集》）TheOxfordEnglishDictionary:toturnfromonelanguageintoanotherWebstersThirdNewInternationalDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage:toturnintoonesownoranotherlanguage.conveyofmeaning:林汉达：“什么叫做正确的翻译呢？就是尽可能地按照中国语文的习惯，忠实地表达原文中所有的意义。”瞿秋白：”翻译应当把原文的本意，完全正确地介绍给中国读者。”Meaning:刘宓庆：语际意义分为六种一一概念（主题）意义、语境意义、形式意义、风格意义、形象意义、文化意义。Nida把翻译中的“意义”概括为“语义”和“文体”：translatingconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesource-languagemessage,firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle.inseparabilitybetweenbothcontentandform费道罗夫：翻译就是用一种语言把另一种语言在内容和形式不可分割的统一中业已表达了出来的东西准确而完全地表达出来。speechact/communicativeactivity.Translationisrelatednotonlytolanguageitself,butalsothecommunicativecontextandpersonalexperienceandknowledgeoftheparticipants.eg:Translationtheoriesarenotonlybasedonpurelinguistics,butalsomanyother

non-languageelements.Socialandhistoricalbackground（externalcontext）张今：翻译是两个语言社会之间的交际过程和交际工具， 其目的是要促进本语言社会的政治、经济和（或）文化进步，它的任务是要把原作中包含的现实世界的逻辑映象或艺术映象，完好无损地从一种语言中移注到另一种语言中去。 Asacommunicativeprocessandcommunicativetoolaswell,translation,withtheaimtopromotethepolitical,economicand（or）culturaldevelopmentinthelanguagecommunityofthetargetlanguage,istoconveyinanintactwaythelogicandartisticreflectionoftheactualworldintheoriginalworkfromonelanguagetotheother.孙致礼：翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语言表达出来， 以达到沟通思想情感、传播文化知识、促进社会文明，特别是推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。Classificationthenatureofthetwocodesinvolved:intralingualtranslationeg:afromargottogenerallanguage;fromancientChinesetomodernChinesesuchasthetranslationof RecordsoftheHistorian;interlingualtranslation;intersemiotictranslation.thenatureofsubjects:a.humantranslationb.machinetranslationtheformoftoolandproduct:erpretation(consecutiveinterpretationandsimultaneoustranslation)b.writtentranslationthenatureofmaterial:literaltranslationandpragmatictranslationZhangJin'sclassificationbasedontheenhancementofnatureofliteratureTranslationliteratureTranslationOraltranslationwrittentranslationOraltranslationliterarytranslationNon-literarytranslationliterarytranslationPracticalwritingNewsreportScientificwritingSocialsciencewritingLiterarycriticsProsesPoemsBriefintroductiontohistoryoftranslationinChina中国是个古老的国家， 因而其翻译活动历史悠久， 内容丰富，宝贵史料甚多，……（刘重德，1998:VI）学习一个新学科读了入门书就读它的发展史 ，而后再读专著和专题研究。我感到历史非常重要，它是联结过去、现在与未来的桥梁。这是一座智慧之桥，认真走过这座桥可以让你明晰社会发展的方向；可以找到指导现实生活战胜困难的智慧和力量。 掌握了一个学科的发展史也是这样，可以看清这个学科发展的方向； 可以从发展过程中尤其是关键时期吸取教训， 以利指导学科的发展。（杨自俭，1998:X）精品文档精品文档精品文档精品文档_。_。4欢迎下载欢迎下载精品文档精品文档3333螃ffl下载ChapterSixTranslatingtechniquesILengthoftime:twohoursIITeachingaims:enableSstomastertheprincipletranslatingtechniquesIIIMainteachingpoints:conversion;amplification;generalization;specificationTeachingprocedure:conversionByconversionwemeanthatintranslationawordinthesourcelanguagebelongingtoacertainpartofspeechisnotnecessarilytobeturnedintothesamepartofspeechinthetarget language.Thatistosay,nocorrespondenceofpartofspeechbetweenthetwolanguagesisnecessaryintranslation.Awordhasoftentobeconvertedintoadifferentpartofspeechastoconformtotheusageofthelanguagetobetranslatedinto.6.1.1conversiontoverbsNouns-Verbs1）由动词派生的名词转译成动词：Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.2）含有动作意味的名词往往可以转译成动词 ：Arroganceandcomplacenceturnedouttobehisruin. 骄傲自满最终毁了他。BritainhasnosuchnaturalprotectionsfromafloodofHollywoodproducts.英国没有这样的天然保护来阻挡好莱坞影片长驱直入。3）英语中有些加后缀-er的名词，有时在句子中并不指其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味，在汉语中没有恰当的对应名词时，往往可以译成动词。Eg:IamafraidIcan'tteachyouswimming.IthinkmylittlebrotherisabetterteacherthanI.Talkingabouthisson,theoldmanwastheforgiveroftheyoungman spastwrongdoings.Hewasalwaysthebackground“brieferonforeignpolicyissues. 外交问题的背景情况”总是由他介绍。Sheisawell-knownsinger./Someofmyclassmatesaregoodsingers.Adjectives-Verbs英语中表示知觉、情欲、欲望等心理状态的形容词，在联系动词后作表语时，往往可以转译成汉语动词。Confident,careful,angry,sure,ignorant,afraid,anxious,delighted…Doctorshavesaidthattheyarenotsuretheycansavehislife.adverbs-nounsTheyhavenotdonesowellideologically,however,asorganizationally.但是，他们的思想工作没有他们的组织工作做得好。Heisphysicallyweakbutmentallysound.英语名词译成汉语动词时，修饰该名词的形容词往往转译成汉语副词。 ItwasaclearandunemotionalexpositionofthePresidentsreasonsforwillingtobeginaChinese-Americandialogue. 这篇发言清楚明白、心平气和地说明了总统希望开始中美对话的原因。adjectives-adverbsThisissheernonsense. 这完全是胡说。Buckleywasinaclearminority. 巴克利显然属于少数。amplification&ellipsisByamplificationwemeansupplyingnecessarywordsinourtranslationworksoastomaketheversioncorrectandclear.Generallyspeaking,amplificationisoftwokinds:1)wordssuppliedforsyntacticconstructionand2)wordssuppliedforsemanticcompletion.Thefirstcategoryistosecurecorrectness,whilethesecondistosecureclearnessoftheversion.Bothaimatmakingtheversionexpressiveandreadilyunderstoodbythereader.*whensomewordsaresyntacticallyomittedinEnglish.Eg:Readingmakesafullman,conferenceareadymanandwritinganexactman.*whenanimpliedconditionorresultisgiven.Eg:Ifhewerehere.*Supplysummarizingwordstomakethelogicclearer.Eg:Therearetworoadsforyoutochooseone:confessingyourcrimeorrefusingtoconfessthem.lyinterpretingwords.Eg:AccordingtoIsraeliauthority …lycomplementarywords.Eg:Thisisthebestsolutiontoyourproblemslyauxiliaries.Eg:AllthatmadethisChristmaswasmyknowingitwas.他什么时候来？Inthefuture.他什么时彳来的？inthepast.他什么时彳来呀？showingeagerness.他什么时彳来吧？fixingthetime.他什么时彳来嘛？showingimpatience.他