高中英语定语从句讲解 课件

定语从句shirley主讲人老师Ilike

girls.Ilikegirlswithlong

hair.Ilikegirlswithlonghair,bigeyesand

dimples.限定的语言，限定名词/代词的范围SheisthegirlwholovesAlex.定语主系表Sheisthegirl后置从句1.Ashoeshopisashop

(whichsellsshoes).主句：Ashoeshopisashop.2.Thebook(thatyouwant)isonthedesk.主句Thebookisonthedesk.1.Thestudentswhodon’tstudyhard

willnotpasstheexam.主句:

Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.定语从句2.ThewomanwhomyousawintheparkisourEnglishteacher.定语从句主句:

ThewomanisourEnglishteacher.

Thestudents

(whodon’tstudyhard)

Thewoman

(whomyousawinthepark)

定语从句Themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.先行词放置于名词之_____，修饰名词的从句连接作用1.2.在从句中充当成分后Themanwholivesnexttouswho两者关系：关系词代替先行词关系词引导定语从句的关系词指代人指代事物所属关系指地点指时间指原因who，whom，thatwhich，thatwhose，ofwhichwherewhenwhy基础知识关系代词关系副词1、who的用法who指人，在从句中做主语或宾语TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.分解TheboysarefromClassOneTheboysareplayingfootball做主语关系代词1、who的用法who指人，在从句中做主语或宾语

ThewomanwhoyousawintheparkisourEnglishteacher.分解ThewomanisourEnglishteacher.Yousawthewomaninthepark做宾语关系代词1、who的用法who指人，在从句中做主语或宾语

Themanwhocalledyesterdaywantstobuythehouse.关系代词

Themanplanstofindfourmusicianswhocouldsing.

ThefamilywhoImetattheairportwereverykind.2.whom也指人，但在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。Mr.Liuistheman(whom)youtalkedabout.

Mr.Liuistheman分解

Youtalkedabouttheman

注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

作宾语关系代词关系代词ChenZijiangisapaper-cuttingexpertwhomIsawyesterday.2.whom也指人，但在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。Doyouremembertheboywith

whomIusedtogoout?注意：whom在从句中作介词的宾语，且宾语置于whom前时不能用who代替3.whose作定语从句的定语.Iknowthegirlwhose

motherisateacher.分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’smotherisateacher.作定语名词所有格关系代词3.whose作定语从句的定语.He'samanwhose

opinionIrespect.关系代词It'sthehousewhose

doorispaintedred.Ashoeshopisashopwhichsellsshoes.关系代词4、which的用法which指物，在从句中做主语或宾语分解AshoeshopisashopTheshopsellsshoes做主语Hetoldusaboutthecountrieswhichhehadvisited.关系代词4、which的用法which指物，在从句中做主语或宾语分解HetoldusaboutthecountriesHehadvisitedthecountries做宾语Heprefersgroupswhichplayquietandslowsongs.关系代词4、which的用法which指物，在从句中做主语或宾语Thisisthebookwhichheislookingfor.5.that可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.可省略Themanwho/thatisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Thewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.关系代词which=

thatwho=

that5.that可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.可省略Thestudentsarereadingthebookswhich/that

werewrittenbyMoyan.Thevedio(which/that)

wemadelastyearwasveryinteresting.关系代词which=

thatwho=

that5.that可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.可省略Thewoman(who/whom/that)

youmetonthestreetworkedinahospital.Thepen(which/that)

Iboughtyesterdayisonthedesk.关系代词which=

thatwho=

that如何选定定语从句关系词1.分辨主句和定语从句2.确定定语从句的先行词（人/物/人和物）3.把先行词带到从句中，看其在定语从句中充当的成分（主语宾语定语）4.若先行词在从句中做主语，宾语或定语则用关系代词。沙场秋点兵1、Doyouknowtheman___istalkingwithyourfather?A.whoseB.whoC.which2、Theboys___theteachertalkedtoarefromClassOne.A.whenB.whichC.who3、Those___wanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.A.whoB.whichC.whom由Who引导的定语从句，在句中做主语\宾语4.

Theteacherfor____youarewaitinghascome.A.whoB.whomC.that5.Thedoctor___youarelookingforisintheroom.A.whomB.whatC.which6.Thegentleman___youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whom介词提前时只能用whom由Whom引导的定语从句，在句中做宾语7.Achild___parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.whichB.hisC.whose8.Thisbookisforthestudents___native(本国的)languageisnotEnglish.A.thatB.ofwhomC.whose9.Theboy___homework

getsan'A'istheyoungestinthegroup.A.whoB.whoseC.that由Whose引导的定语从句,在句中做定语10、Helikes

toeattherice___inthesouth.A.whoisgrownB.whichisgrownC.whenisgrown11、Thekey___Ineedcan’tbefound.A.whichB.whoC.what12、Thisisthepen____heboughtyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.when由Which引导的定语从句,在句中做主语\宾语that用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whose1.Thisistheman__________wantstoseeyou.

2.Clockisathing__________tellspeoplethetime.3.Thisistheshirt_________Iboughtyesterday.4.Thisistheboywith_______hetalked.5.Theman_________legbrokeinagameusedtobeafootballplayer.who/that

which/thatwhich/that

whom

whose用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whose6.Ihaveafriend__________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.

7.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.8.Myparentsliveinahouse_________ismorethan100yearsold.9.Kevinisreadingabook_______istoodifficultforhim.who/that

which/thatwhich/thatwhich/that关系副词wherewhenwhy1、where作地点状语Iwanttoknowtheplace.Iwasbornthere.Iwanttoknowtheplacewhere(=inwhich)Iwasborn.where=介词+whichThetable

where(=atwhich)

sheissitting

isanewone.关系副词1、where作地点状语Thisisthetownwhere(=inwhich)Iwasborn.where=介词+whichIforgottheplace

where(=inwhich)Ihadhiddenthebox.关系副词Itistheyear.TheOlympicGamesbeginsintheyear.

when作时间状语:2.时间名词+when+定语从句Shewillneverforgetthedaywhen(=onwhich)shewonthegame.When=介词+which

Itistheyearwhen(=inwhich)theOlympicGamesbegins.Shewillneverforgettheday.Shewonthegameonthatday.关系副词

when作时间状语:2.时间名词+when+定语从句Istillrememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)IfirstcametoBeijing.When=介词+which

Theyearwhen(=inwhich)theearthquakehappenedwas1976.关系副词3.表原因的名词reason+why+定语从句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。)Thisisthereason

hegavehisteacherintheclassroom.Thereason

hedidnotgotoschoolisthathewasill.which/thatwhyThisisthereason.Hegavehisteacherthereasonintheclassroom.why=forwhich关系副词3.表原因的名词reason+why+定语从句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。)Isitthereason

herefusedourhelp?Idon'twanttohearanyreason

youareabsent（缺席）.why

whywhy=forwhich关系副词whenwhere和why都可以替换成“介词+which”Doyoustillrememberthedayonwhich/whenwefirstmetinNantong?Thisistheroominwhich/wherewelivedlastyear.Doyouknowthereasonforwhich/whyhedidn'tgotoMary’sbirthdayparty.(onwhich=when)(inwhich=where)(forwhich=why)关系副词关系副词小结when=on(inatduring...)whichwhere=in(aton...)whichwhy=forwhich关系副词wherewhenwhy1.Thisistheplace___Johnwasborn?A.whichB.whereC.when

2.Thedays___wespentinTokyotogetherwillneverbeforgotten.A.whenB.whichC.onwhich

3.Don'tforgettheday___youcametoBeijingUniversity.A.whenB.thatC.atwhich4.Nobodyknowsthereason___shedidn'tcometothemeeting.A.whichB.whyC.when

5.Thisisthehouse___ourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.A.whichB.whereC.when

6.Hehasforgottentheday___hearrived.A.whenB.thatC.atwhich7.Bobtookmetoseethehouse___Iwouldlive.A.whereB.whenC.why

8.Iwanttoexplainthereason___Ididn'tcome.A.whyB.whereC.when

9.I'llneverforgetthedays___westudiedtogether.A.inwhichB.thatC.when如何选定定语从句关系词1.分辨主句和定语从句2.确定定语从句的先行词（人/物/人和物）3.把先行词带到从句中，看其在定语从句中充当的成分（主语宾语定语状语）4.若先行词在从句中做主语，宾语或定语则用关系代词，如果做状语则用关系副词。特殊情况Heisthebestmanthat/who/whom/---Ihavemet.4.Thisisthebestfilmthathasbeenmadebychildren.1.Isthereanything

thatyouwanttobuyintown?/Anotebookisall

thatIneed.2.Theonlythingthatmattersistofindourwayhome.5.ThefirstbookthatIchoseyesterdayisinteresting.3.Thisisthevery/rightbookthatIwanttobuy.justthebook(人不受限制)当先行词为物时只用that的情况１．当先行词是All,

much,

none,

everything,

anything,

something等不定代词，且指物时2．当先行词被theonly,thevery,all,no等词修饰时3.当先行词是序数词或被序数词/最高级或被最高级修饰时all,everything,anything,nothing,little,any,no,theonly,thevery…,

thexxxest,thexxxth…YouarethemostbeautifulgirlthatIhaveever

seen.他没那么有钱啦！Heisnotthatrich!6.Theyaretalkingaboutthepeopleandtheschoolthat/---theyhavevisited.7.Whichisthebookthat/---youbought?4．当先行词中有人又有物时5．主句是who/which引导的特殊疑问句，避免重复只用thateg：WhoisthemanthatistalkingwithMr.Black?１．由who引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复只用that当先行词为人时只用that的情况1.All

_____isneededisanotebook.A.whichB.thatC.what2.Finally,thethiefhanded

everything____hehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.that先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything只能用that引导3.It’sthe

most

boringfilm___Ihaveeverseen.A.whichB.thatC.whose4.Thisisthefirst

car___arrivedthismorning.A.whichB.whoC.that

先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时只能用that引导5.Iknowall

people___arefromthatvillage.A.whoB.thatC.whose6.Thereisno

water___isneededbadly.A.whichB.whoC.that7.Pleasetakeany

seat___isfree.A.whichB.thatC.inwhich先行词被all,any,every,few,little,no,some等修饰时只能用that引导8.Thatis

thevery

book___Iwaslookingfor.A.whoB.thatC.which9.Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonly

thing___heowns.A.whoB.thatC.which先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰时只能用that引导10.Wearetalkingabout

thepeopleand

theplaces

___wehavevisitedinthecountryside.A.whoB.thatC.which先行词被既有人又有物时只能用that引导11.Whoistheworker___tooksomepicturesofthefactory?A.whoB.thatC.which主句已有who或which时,只能用that引导Thereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.eg:那儿有老人想要见你。２．在therebe句型中，先行词为人只用who１.先行词为one，ones，anyone，those，he时，只用who当先行词为人时，只用who的情况eg：Heunderstoodthosewhoneededhelp.eg：Besidesourfamily,ourfriendsaretheoneswhoshareourjoyandsorrowwithus.先行词与从句的主语构成从属关系=ofwhichthedoor=thedoorofwhich

Theyliveinahousewhosedoorisblue.eg:他们住在一间门是兰色的房子里。=ofwhomthedaughter=thedaughterofwhomeg:Heisthepolicewhosedaughterwentabroad.介词加which结构由与前面名词的固定搭配确定i.e.thedayonwhich由定从中谓语动词的固定搭配确定i.e.ThisisthemantowhomIturnedyesterday.介词的确定Chinahashundredsofislands（岛）,thelargest_____whichisTaiwan.ofHeistheperson_____whomyouwillwrite.to_____whomthebookwaswritten.

by

_____whomIlearntalot.from_____whomIworkedinthefactory.with

_____whichtherearefewnewwords.Thisisthebook_____whichIlearnedalot.fromin_______whichthereisafactory.Thisistheriver__________weoftenhaveawalk.______________abridgewasbuilt._______thereisaboat.by/besideonwhichover/acrosswhichalongwhich非限定性定语从句RestrictiveClause限定性定语从句Thisisthemanwhohadoncestolenmywallet.去掉限定定从，主句的意思不一样。定从是告知信息inform的功能。Non-restrictiveAttributiveClauseThisman,whohadoncestolenmywallet,wantstoworkinyourcompany.去掉非限定从，主句的意思仍然不变，但是情感有差异。非限定从，表暗示imply的功能。非限定性定语从句他将去北京看望妻子，她在北京工作．（没有逗号翻译成：他将去看望在北京工作的那个妻子．）特征:用逗号隔开，起补充说明作用，译成两句话．Hewillgotoseehiswife,whoisinBeijing.Hepassedtheexam,whichmakesmehappy.特征:which可代指前面整句话，不可用that．定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句的先行词和关系词常用逗号隔开，且不能用that引导。e.g.Ilovemyfather,whoisgoodto

me.Smoking,whichisabadhabit,isverypopular.1.Watchthegirlandherdog_____arecrossingthebridge!whichB.who

C.theyD.thatDExercise单项选择Theman_____youjusttalkedtowasafriendofmine.

A.whomB.whichD.whoseD.where2.Thecar____myfatherboughtmeisveryexpensive.

A.whoB.whoseC.thatD.where3.Thedoctor____isleavingforAfricanextmonth.

A.thenurseistalkingtohim

B.whomthenurseistalkingtoC.thenurseistalkingtoD.thatthenurseistalkingACB4.Ms.Ji____lovesusverymuchisourmathteacher.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which5.Thebike________wasstolen.A.whichmymotherbuysmeB.whomymotherboughtmeC.whichmymotherboughtmeD.thatmymotherbuysme6.Thedog___ownerisanoldmanisverylovely.A.whichB.whoseC.thatD.whoACB1.Morepeoplecouldaffordthebooks__________wereproducedonaprintingpress.

2.Someofmyfriends__________wentontouniversitycan'tfindwork.3.Hanselisasmartboy_________oftencomesupwithgoodideas.4.Ihatethedogs_________liveinthenexthouse.5.YesterdayMr.Greenwenttohishometownandvisitedtheoldhouse_________hewasbornin.6.Everything_________youlearnbecomesapartofyouandchangesyou,solearnwiselyandlearnwell.which/that

who

who/thatthat/whichthat/whichthat2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.Exercise1.Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.who/thatwhich/that3.Kevinisreadingabook__________istoodifficultforhim.which/that4.Myparentsliveinahouse__________ismorethan100yearsold.5.Theboywith_______Johntalkedismybrother.which/thatwhom6.Kevinisreadingabook__________istoodifficultforhim.which/that1.Isthereanything__________youwanttobuyinthetown.2.All__________wecandoistostudyhard.3.Thefirstone_________standsupisalittleboy.thatthat

thatIhavelotsoffriends,some/noneof_____arefriendly.Ihavelotsoffriends.Someof____arefriendly.Ihavelotsoffriends,andsomeof____arefriendly.whomthemthemTips:1.关系词的选用，取决于先行词在从句中的成分，而不是它本身。2.定语从句不能滥用。如果能用简单句表达出来的东西就不用从句来表达。定语从句总结各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法：who指人，在定语从句中作主语。

whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。whose指人，在定语从句中作定语。

which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。

that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。

when指时间，在定语从句中作状语。

where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。why

指原因，在定语从句中作状语。

1.只能使用that,不用which的情况：(1)先行词是few,little,nothing,everything,anything，all,等不定代词时。例如：Allthathesaidistrue.(2)先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例如：Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。如：Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.均表强调2.只能用which，不用that的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从中。如：Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。如：Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.合并同类项That

maniscryinginthecar.句2：Iknow

the

man.句1：两个句子找出相同词，确定主从句Iknowthemanthemaniscryinginthecar.The

maniscryinginthecar.句2：Iknow

the

man.句1：先行词用词代替Iknow

themanwhoiscryinginthecar.

关系代词：1、代指theman2、指示主句与从句的关系，从句低一级先行词句1：Idonotlikebooks.句2：Booksdonothavepictures.Idonotlikebookswhichdonothave

pictures.Idonotlikebooksbooksdonothave

pictures.两个句子关系代词：1、代指books2、指示主句与从句的关系，从句低一级先行词粗暴合并替换同类项句1：Ihaveapuppydog.句2：Apuppydog’seyesareblue.Ihaveapuppydog

whoseeyesareblue.Ihaveapuppydogapuppydog’seyesare

blue.两个句子关系代词：1、代指dog's2、指示主句与从句的关系，从句低一级先行词粗暴合并替换同类项句1：Iknowthe

boy.句2：Youlikethe

boy.Iknowtheboyyoulikewho/whom/that.Iknowtheboywho/whom/that/省略

youlike.Iknowtheboyyoulikethe

boy.两个句子关系代词：1、代指theboy2、指示主句与从句的关系，从句低一级先行词粗暴合并替换同类项where/when/why介词+which=

where/when/why句1：句2：IreallyhatethecityImetherinthe

city.两个句子关系代词：1、代指thecity2、指示主句与从句的关系，从句低一级先行词粗暴合并替换同类项Ireallyhatethecity.

Imetherinthecity.IreallyhatethecityImetherin

which.IreallyhatethecityinwhichImet

her.……IreallyhatethecityinwhichImet

her.∵inwhich

where∴IreallyhatethecitywhereImet

her.句1：句2：Iforgotthedayyoucameonthe

day.两个句子关系代词：1、代指theday2、指示主句与从句的关系，从句低一级先行词粗暴合并替换同类项Iforgottheday.Youcameontheday.Iforgotthedayyoucameon

which.Iforgotthedayonwhichyou

came.……Iforgotthedayonwhichyou

came.∵onwhich

when∴Iforgotthedaywhenyou

came.句1：句2：Ican'tunderstandthereasonsheleftmeforthe

reason.两个句子关系代词：1、代指thereason2、指示主句与从句的关系，从句低一级先行词粗暴合并替换同类项Ican'tunderstandthereason.

Sheleftmeforthereason.Ican'tunderstandthereasonsheleftme

for

which.Ican'tunderstandthereason

for

whichsheleftme.……Ican'tunderstandthereasonforwhichsheleftme.∵forwhich

why∴Ican'tunderstandthereasonwhysheleft

me.Youcameonthe

day.Sheleftmeforthe

reason.Imether

in

the

city.为什么会出现介词？同类项在句2中，是状语的一部分。如果地点/时间/原因，在句2中充当主语/宾语两个句子粗暴合并替换同类项句1：句2：Ireallyhatethe

city.Thecitywashitbythe

typhoon.Ireallyhatethecitywhich

washitbythe

typhoon.两个句子粗暴合并替换同类项句1：句2：Iforgotthe

day.Youcannotforgetthe

day.Iforgotthedaywhich

youcannot

forget.两个句子粗暴合并替换同类项句1：句2：Icannotunderstandthe

reason.Yousaidthe

reason.Icannotunderstandth