管理会计案例培训教材英文版课件

ProfitPlanning

Chapter9ProfitPlanningChapter91TheBasicFrameworkofBudgetingDetailBudgetDetailBudgetDetailBudgetMasterBudgetSummaryofacompany’splans.SalesProductionMaterialsTheBasicFrameworkofBudgetiPlanningandControlPlanning--involvesdevelopingobjectivesandpreparingvariousbudgetstoachievetheseobjectives.Control--involvesthestepstakenbymanagementthatattempttoensuretheobjectivesareattained.PlanningandControlPlanning-AdvantagesofBudgetingAdvantagesCommunicatingplansThinkaboutandplanforthefutureMeansofallocatingresourcesUncoverpotentialbottlenecksCoordinateactivitiesDefinegoalandobjectivesAdvantagesofBudgetingAdvantaResponsibilityAccounting

Managersshouldbeheldresponsibleforthoseitems—andonlythoseitems—that

themanagercanactuallycontrol

toasignificantextent.ResponsibilityAccountingManChoosingtheBudgetPeriodOperatingBudget1999200020012002Theannualoperatingbudgetmaybedividedintoquarterlyormonthlybudgets.ChoosingtheBudgetPeriodOperChoosingtheBudgetPeriod1999200020012002ContinuousorPerpetualBudgetThisbudgetisusuallyatwelve-monthbudgetthatrollsforwardonemonthasthecurrentmonthiscompleted.ChoosingtheBudgetPeriod1999ParticipativeBudgetSystemFlowofBudgetDataParticipativeBudgetSystemFloTheBudgetCommitteeAstandingcommitteeresponsibleforoverallpolicymattersrelatingtothebudgetcoordinatingthepreparationofthebudgetTheBudgetCommitteeAstandingTheMasterBudgetSalesBudgetSellingandAdministrativeBudgetTheMasterBudgetSalesSellingTheMasterBudgetDirectMaterialsBudgetEndingInventoryBudgetProductionBudgetSellingandAdministrativeBudgetDirectLaborBudgetManufacturingOverheadBudgetSalesBudgetTheMasterBudgetDirectEndingPTheMasterBudgetDirectMaterialsBudgetEndingInventoryBudgetProductionBudgetSellingandAdministrativeBudgetDirectLaborBudgetManufacturingOverheadBudgetCashBudgetSalesBudgetBudgetedFinancialStatementsTheMasterBudgetDirectEndingPTheSalesBudget

Detailedscheduleshowingexpectedsalesforthecomingperiodsexpressedinunitsanddollars.TheSalesBudgetDetailedscBudgetingExampleRoyalCompanyispreparingbudgetsforthequarterendingJune30.Budgetedsalesforthenextfivemonthsare:April 20,000unitsMay 50,000unitsJune 30,000unitsJuly 25,000unitsAugust 15,000units.Thesellingpriceis$10perunit.BudgetingExampleRoyalCompanyTheSalesBudgetTheSalesBudgetTheSalesBudgetTheSalesBudgetTheProductionBudgetSalesBudgetProductionBudgetCompletedProductionmustbeadequatetomeetbudgetedsalesandprovideforsufficientendinginventory.TheProductionBudgetSalesProTheProductionBudgetRoyalCompanywantsendinginventorytobeequalto20%ofthefollowingmonth’sbudgetedsalesinunits.

OnMarch31,4,000unitswereonhand.

Let’spreparetheproductionbudget.TheProductionBudgetRoyalComTheProductionBudgetBudgetedsales50,000Desiredpercent20%Desiredinventory10,000TheProductionBudgetBudgetedTheProductionBudgetMarch31endinginventoryTheProductionBudgetMarch31TheProductionBudgetTheProductionBudgetTheProductionBudgetTheProductionBudgetTheProductionBudgetTheProductionBudgetExpectedCashCollectionsAllsalesareonaccount.Royal’scollectionpatternis:70%collectedinthemonthofsale,25%collectedinthemonthfollowingsale,5%isuncollectible.TheMarch31accountsreceivablebalanceof$30,000willbecollectedinfull.ExpectedCashCollectionsAllsExpectedCashCollectionsExpectedCashCollectionsExpectedCashCollectionsExpectedCashCollectionsExpectedCashCollectionsExpectedCashCollectionsExpectedCashCollectionsExpectedCashCollectionsTheDirectMaterialsBudgetAtRoyalCompany,fivepoundsofmaterialarerequiredperunitofproduct.Managementwantsmaterialsonhandattheendofeachmonthequalto10%ofthefollowingmonth’sproduction.OnMarch31,13,000poundsofmaterialareonhand.Materialcost$0.40perpound.

Let’spreparethedirectmaterialsbudget.TheDirectMaterialsBudgetAtTheDirectMaterialsBudgetFromproductionbudgetTheDirectMaterialsBudgetFroTheDirectMaterialsBudgetTheDirectMaterialsBudgetTheDirectMaterialsBudget10%ofthefollowingmonth’sproductionTheDirectMaterialsBudgetTheDirectMaterialsBudget

March31inventoryTheDirectMaterialsBudgetTheDirectMaterialsBudgetTheDirectMaterialsBudgetTheDirectMaterialsBudgetTheDirectMaterialsBudgetExpectedCashDisbursementforMaterialsRoyalpays$0.40perpoundforitsmaterials.One-halfofamonth’spurchasesarepaidforinthemonthofpurchase;theotherhalfispaidinthefollowingmonth.TheMarch31accountspayablebalanceis$12,000.Let’scalculateexpectedcashdisbursements.ExpectedCashDisbursementforExpectedCashDisbursementforMaterialsExpectedCashDisbursementforExpectedCashDisbursementforMaterials140,000lbs.×$.40/lb.=$56,000ExpectedCashDisbursementforExpectedCashDisbursementforMaterialsExpectedCashDisbursementforExpectedCashDisbursementforMaterialsExpectedCashDisbursementforTheDirectLaborBudgetAtRoyal,eachunitofproductrequires0.05hoursofdirectlabor.TheCompanyhasa“nolayoff”policysoallemployeeswillbepaidfor40hoursofworkeachweek.Inexchangeforthe“nolayoff”policy,workersagreedtoawagerateof$10perhourregardlessofthehoursworked(Noovertimepay).Forthenextthreemonths,thedirectlaborworkforcewillbepaidforaminimumof1,500hourspermonth.Let’spreparethedirectlaborbudget.TheDirectLaborBudgetAtRoyaTheDirectLaborBudgetFromproductionbudgetTheDirectLaborBudgetFromprTheDirectLaborBudgetTheDirectLaborBudgetTheDirectLaborBudgetHigheroflaborhoursrequiredorlaborhoursguaranteed.TheDirectLaborBudgetHigherTheDirectLaborBudgetTheDirectLaborBudgetManufacturingOverheadBudgetRoyalCompanyusesavariablemanufacturingoverheadrateof$1perunitproduced.Fixedmanufacturingoverheadis$50,000permonthandincludes$20,000ofnoncashcosts(primarilydepreciationofplantassets).

Let’spreparethemanufacturingoverheadbudget.ManufacturingOverheadBudgetRManufacturingOverheadBudgetFromproductionbudgetManufacturingOverheadBudgetFManufacturingOverheadBudgetManufacturingOverheadBudgetManufacturingOverheadBudgetDepreciationisanoncashcharge.ManufacturingOverheadBudgetDEndingFinishedGoodsInventoryBudgetNow,Royalcancompletetheendingfinishedgoodsinventorybudget.

AtRoyal,manufacturingoverheadisappliedtounitsofproductonthebasisofdirectlaborhours.

Let’scalculateendingfinishedgoodsinventory.EndingFinishedGoodsInventorEndingFinishedGoodsInventoryBudgetDirectmaterialsbudgetandinformationEndingFinishedGoodsInventorEndingFinishedGoodsInventoryBudgetDirectlaborbudgetEndingFinishedGoodsInventorEndingFinishedGoodsInventoryBudget

Totalmfg.OHforquarter$251,000Totallaborhoursrequired5,050hrs.=$49.70perhr.*

*roundedEndingFinishedGoodsInventorEndingFinishedGoodsInventoryBudgetProductionBudgetEndingFinishedGoodsInventorSellingandAdministrativeExpenseBudgetAtRoyal,variablesellingandadministrativeexpensesare$0.50perunitsold.Fixedsellingandadministrativeexpensesare$70,000permonth.Thefixedsellingandadministrativeexpensesinclude$10,000incosts–primarilydepreciation–thatarenotcashoutflowsofthecurrentmonth.

Let’spreparethecompany’ssellingandadministrativeexpensebudget.SellingandAdministrativeExpSellingandAdministrativeExpenseBudgetSellingandAdministrativeExpSellingandAdministrativeExpenseBudgetSellingandAdministrativeExpTheCashBudgetRoyal:Maintainsa16%openlineofcreditfor$75,000.Maintainsaminimumcashbalanceof$30,000.Borrowsonthefirstdayofthemonthandrepaysloansonthelastdayofthemonth.Paysacashdividendof$49,000inApril.Purchases$143,700ofequipmentinMayand$48,300inJunepaidincash.HasanApril1cashbalanceof$40,000.TheCashBudgetRoyal:TheCashBudgetScheduleofExpectedCashCollectionsScheduleofExpectedCashDisbursementsTheCashBudgetScheduleofExpTheCashBudgetDirectLaborBudgetManufacturingOverheadBudgetSellingandAdministrativeExpenseBudgetTheCashBudgetDirectLaborManTheCashBudgetBecauseRoyalmaintainsacashbalanceof$30,000,thecompanymustborrowonitsline-of-creditTheCashBudgetBecauseRoyalmFinancingandRepaymentEndingcashbalanceforAprilisthebeginningMaybalance.FinancingandRepaymentEndingTheCashBudgetTheCashBudgetFinancingandRepaymentBecausetheendingcashbalanceisexactly$30,000,Royalwillnotrepaytheloanthismonth.FinancingandRepaymentBecauseTheCashBudgetTheCashBudgetTheCashBudgetAttheendofJune,Royalhasenoughcashtorepaythe$50,000loanplusinterestat16%.TheCashBudgetAttheendofJFinancingandRepayment$50,000×16%×3/12=$2,000

BorrowingsonApril1and

repaymentofJune30.FinancingandRepayment$50,000TheBudgetedIncomeStatementCashBudgetBudgetedIncomeStatementCompletedAfterwecompletethecashbudget,wecanpreparethebudgetedincomestatementforRoyal.TheBudgetedIncomeStatementCTheBudgetedIncomeStatementTheBudgetedIncomeStatementTheBudgetedBalanceSheetRoyalreportedthefollowingaccountbalancesonJune30priortopreparingitsbudgetedfinancialstatements:Land-$50,000Building(net)-$175,000Commonstock-$200,000Retainedearnings-$146,150TheBudgetedBalanceSheetRoya25%ofJunesalesof$300,0005,000unitsat$4.99each11,500lbs.at$0.40/lb.50%ofJunepurchasesof$56,80025%ofJune5,000units11,500lb管理会计案例培训教材英文版课件Zero-BaseBudgetingManagersarerequiredtojustifyallbudgetedexpenditures,notjustchangesinthebudgetfromthepreviousyear.Thebaselineiszeroratherthanlastyear’sbudget.Zero-BaseBudgetingManagersarInternationalAspectsofBudgetingMultinationalcompaniesfacespecialproblemswhenpreparingabudget.Fluctuationsinforeigncurrencyexchangerates.Highinflationratesinsomeforeigncountries.Differencesinlocaleconomicconditions.Localgovernmentalpolicies.InternationalAspectsofBudgeEndofChapter9EndofChapter9ProfitPlanning

Chapter9ProfitPlanningChapter976TheBasicFrameworkofBudgetingDetailBudgetDetailBudgetDetailBudgetMasterBudgetSummaryofacompany’splans.SalesProductionMaterialsTheBasicFrameworkofBudgetiPlanningandControlPlanning--involvesdevelopingobjectivesandpreparingvariousbudgetstoachievetheseobjectives.Control--involvesthestepstakenbymanagementthatattempttoensuretheobjectivesareattained.PlanningandControlPlanning-AdvantagesofBudgetingAdvantagesCommunicatingplansThinkaboutandplanforthefutureMeansofallocatingresourcesUncoverpotentialbottlenecksCoordinateactivitiesDefinegoalandobjectivesAdvantagesofBudgetingAdvantaResponsibilityAccounting

Managersshouldbeheldresponsibleforthoseitems—andonlythoseitems—that

themanagercanactuallycontrol

toasignificantextent.ResponsibilityAccountingManChoosingtheBudgetPeriodOperatingBudget1999200020012002Theannualoperatingbudgetmaybedividedintoquarterlyormonthlybudgets.ChoosingtheBudgetPeriodOperChoosingtheBudgetPeriod1999200020012002ContinuousorPerpetualBudgetThisbudgetisusuallyatwelve-monthbudgetthatrollsforwardonemonthasthecurrentmonthiscompleted.ChoosingtheBudgetPeriod1999ParticipativeBudgetSystemFlowofBudgetDataParticipativeBudgetSystemFloTheBudgetCommitteeAstandingcommitteeresponsibleforoverallpolicymattersrelatingtothebudgetcoordinatingthepreparationofthebudgetTheBudgetCommitteeAstandingTheMasterBudgetSalesBudgetSellingandAdministrativeBudgetTheMasterBudgetSalesSellingTheMasterBudgetDirectMaterialsBudgetEndingInventoryBudgetProductionBudgetSellingandAdministrativeBudgetDirectLaborBudgetManufacturingOverheadBudgetSalesBudgetTheMasterBudgetDirectEndingPTheMasterBudgetDirectMaterialsBudgetEndingInventoryBudgetProductionBudgetSellingandAdministrativeBudgetDirectLaborBudgetManufacturingOverheadBudgetCashBudgetSalesBudgetBudgetedFinancialStatementsTheMasterBudgetDirectEndingPTheSalesBudget

Detailedscheduleshowingexpectedsalesforthecomingperiodsexpressedinunitsanddollars.TheSalesBudgetDetailedscBudgetingExampleRoyalCompanyispreparingbudgetsforthequarterendingJune30.Budgetedsalesforthenextfivemonthsare:April 20,000unitsMay 50,000unitsJune 30,000unitsJuly 25,000unitsAugust 15,000units.Thesellingpriceis$10perunit.BudgetingExampleRoyalCompanyTheSalesBudgetTheSalesBudgetTheSalesBudgetTheSalesBudgetTheProductionBudgetSalesBudgetProductionBudgetCompletedProductionmustbeadequatetomeetbudgetedsalesandprovideforsufficientendinginventory.TheProductionBudgetSalesProTheProductionBudgetRoyalCompanywantsendinginventorytobeequalto20%ofthefollowingmonth’sbudgetedsalesinunits.

OnMarch31,4,000unitswereonhand.

Let’spreparetheproductionbudget.TheProductionBudgetRoyalComTheProductionBudgetBudgetedsales50,000Desiredpercent20%Desiredinventory10,000TheProductionBudgetBudgetedTheProductionBudgetMarch31endinginventoryTheProductionBudgetMarch31TheProductionBudgetTheProductionBudgetTheProductionBudgetTheProductionBudgetTheProductionBudgetTheProductionBudgetExpectedCashCollectionsAllsalesareonaccount.Royal’scollectionpatternis:70%collectedinthemonthofsale,25%collectedinthemonthfollowingsale,5%isuncollectible.TheMarch31accountsreceivablebalanceof$30,000willbecollectedinfull.ExpectedCashCollectionsAllsExpectedCashCollectionsExpectedCashCollectionsExpectedCashCollectionsExpectedCashCollectionsExpectedCashCollectionsExpectedCashCollectionsExpectedCashCollectionsExpectedCashCollectionsTheDirectMaterialsBudgetAtRoyalCompany,fivepoundsofmaterialarerequiredperunitofproduct.Managementwantsmaterialsonhandattheendofeachmonthequalto10%ofthefollowingmonth’sproduction.OnMarch31,13,000poundsofmaterialareonhand.Materialcost$0.40perpound.

Let’spreparethedirectmaterialsbudget.TheDirectMaterialsBudgetAtTheDirectMaterialsBudgetFromproductionbudgetTheDirectMaterialsBudgetFroTheDirectMaterialsBudgetTheDirectMaterialsBudgetTheDirectMaterialsBudget10%ofthefollowingmonth’sproductionTheDirectMaterialsBudgetTheDirectMaterialsBudget

March31inventoryTheDirectMaterialsBudgetTheDirectMaterialsBudgetTheDirectMaterialsBudgetTheDirectMaterialsBudgetTheDirectMaterialsBudgetExpectedCashDisbursementforMaterialsRoyalpays$0.40perpoundforitsmaterials.One-halfofamonth’spurchasesarepaidforinthemonthofpurchase;theotherhalfispaidinthefollowingmonth.TheMarch31accountspayablebalanceis$12,000.Let’scalculateexpectedcashdisbursements.ExpectedCashDisbursementforExpectedCashDisbursementforMaterialsExpectedCashDisbursementforExpectedCashDisbursementforMaterials140,000lbs.×$.40/lb.=$56,000ExpectedCashDisbursementforExpectedCashDisbursementforMaterialsExpectedCashDisbursementforExpectedCashDisbursementforMaterialsExpectedCashDisbursementforTheDirectLaborBudgetAtRoyal,eachunitofproductrequires0.05hoursofdirectlabor.TheCompanyhasa“nolayoff”policysoallemployeeswillbepaidfor40hoursofworkeachweek.Inexchangeforthe“nolayoff”policy,workersagreedtoawagerateof$10perhourregardlessofthehoursworked(Noovertimepay).Forthenextthreemonths,thedirectlaborworkforcewillbepaidforaminimumof1,500hourspermonth.Let’spreparethedirectlaborbudget.TheDirectLaborBudgetAtRoyaTheDirectLaborBudgetFromproductionbudgetTheDirectLaborBudgetFromprTheDirectLaborBudgetTheDirectLaborBudgetTheDirectLaborBudgetHigheroflaborhoursrequiredorlaborhoursguaranteed.TheDirectLaborBudgetHigherTheDirectLaborBudgetTheDirectLaborBudgetManufacturingOverheadBudgetRoyalCompanyusesavariablemanufacturingoverheadrateof$1perunitproduced.Fixedmanufacturingoverheadis$50,000permonthandincludes$20,000ofnoncashcosts(primarilydepreciationofplantassets).

Let’spreparethemanufacturingoverheadbudget.ManufacturingOverheadBudgetRManufacturingOverheadBudgetFromproductionbudgetManufacturingOverheadBudgetFManufacturingOverheadBudgetManufacturingOverheadBudgetManufacturingOverheadBudgetDepreciationisanoncashcharge.ManufacturingOverheadBudgetDEndingFinishedGoodsInventoryBudgetNow,Royalcancompletetheendingfinishedgoodsinventorybudget.

AtRoyal,manufacturingoverheadisappliedtounitsofproductonthebasisofdirectlaborhours.

Let’scalculateendingfinishedgoodsinventory.EndingFinishedGoodsInventorEndingFinishedGoodsInventoryBudgetDirectmaterialsbudgetandinformationEndingFinishedGoodsInventorEndingFinishedGoodsInventoryBudgetDirectlaborbudgetEndingFinishedGoodsInventorEndingFinishedGoodsInventoryBudget

Totalmfg.OHforquarter$251,000Totallaborhoursrequired5,050hrs.=$49.70perhr.*

*roundedEndingFinishedGoodsInventorEndingFinishedGoodsInventoryBudgetProductionBudgetEndingFinishedGoodsInventorSellingandAdministrativeExpenseBudgetAtRoyal,variablesellingandadministrativeexpensesare$0.50perunitsold.Fixedsellingandadministrativeexpensesare$70,000permonth.Thefixedsellingandadministrativeexpensesinclude$10,000incosts–primarilydepreciation–thatarenotcashoutflowsofthecurrentmonth.

Let’spreparethecompany’ssellingandadministrativeexpensebudget.SellingandAdministrativeExpSellingandAdministrativeExpenseBudgetSellingandAdministrativeExpSellingandAdministrativeExpenseBudgetSellingandAdministrativeExpTheCashBudgetRoyal:Maintainsa16%openlineofcreditfor$75,000.Maintainsaminimumcashbalanceof$30,000.Borrowsonthefirstdayofthemonthandrepaysloansonthelastdayofthemonth.Paysacashdividendof$49,000inApril.Purchases$143,700ofequipmentinMayand$48,300inJunepaidincash.HasanApril1cashbalanceof$40,000.TheCashBudgetRoyal:TheCashBudgetScheduleofExpectedCashCollectionsScheduleofExpectedCashDisbursementsTheCash