新概念英语第三册笔记11-20课

新概念英语第三册笔记11-20课(2012-03-3108:41:53)▼：动词不定式过去分词状语动名词文化分类：英语学习Lesson11 Notguilty无罪Newwordsandexpression adj.的，违法--Hefeltguiltywhenhedidwhatheshouldn'thave--Hesaidthatwithaguilty Guilt(n.罪行,内疚 guiltily(adv.地,似地反义词：innocent(adj.清白的,无罪的 innocence(n.清白 --Atolerant mustbeeasygoing. Tolerance(n.宽容,忍受,) Tolerate(vt.忍受,)Tolerable(adj.可忍受的) hardship(n.困苦,艰难,辛苦)Thehardshipistolerable. --ahardenedplayer ahardenedthief adj.(侧重于有经验的)--anexperienced aprofessionalplayer n. --Alotofoldladiesare adj.多管闲事的,非的,非正式的,专横civil（adj.全民的,市民的,公民的,国民的servant（n.仆人,--civil ,公仆,(等机构的行政,officiouscivil --anofficiousofficer 专横的的Officiously（adv.多管闲事的,非正式的,非的） adj.的,的,正式的--Anofficialinquirywillbemadeintothismatter.（inquiry n.质询,） adv.自信地（withconfidence充满信心的Hewenttodotheworkconfidently.Confident(adj.自信的,确信的)Confidencen.信心--haveconfidence有信心 gainconfidence获得信inconfidence(悄悄的,的)=secretlytakesbintoone'sconfidence 以为心腹--Thebosstakeshissecretaryintohis adj.可怕的，一团糟的（= adj.糟糕的,讨厌的dreadful（侧重于可怕的,乱七八糟的--Theroomisdreadful afrightfuldayfearful（表示胆怯的,恐惧的）shefeltfearfulparticularlywhenshewentoutatnight.（adv.独特地,显著地 fragrance（抽象名词）n.芬芳,芳香,香气, n.--CustomsDuty关税 dutyfree免税--StampDuty印花税（stamp n.邮票,印花,图章,标志） n.税,,税金 etax mix（v.使混和,,混合）--mixsthOildoesnotmixwithwater. n.同义词：luggage（n.行李,皮箱 vt.(使)烦恼,麻烦, vt.vi.（hid,hidden,hiding）隐藏 int.(表示惊奇、疑问等)啊，嗯particular（adj.特殊的,特别的,独特的 n.进口,进口货(常用复数), vt.问候,向...致意,映入眼帘 vt.使确信,TextWhatwastheCustomsOfficerlookingCustomsOfficersarequitetolerantthesedays,buttheycanstillstopyouwhenyouaregoingthroughtheGreenChannelandhavenothingtodeclare.theGreenChannel=theCustom我们在运用形容词、动词时,--areallyofficiousparticularly（强调“特别,尤其是） y（强调“） yentirelyfullythoroughly（强调“完全的,extremely（强调“特别, adv.相当地,还算（语气一般afairlygookbook.averygoodbook.ratherfairly,--afairlygoodarathergoodbookratheragoodbook更常用)quiteright/quitwrong/quitemistaken/quitesureevenreallyhonestpeople...aparticularlyofficiousyoungCustomsEvenreallyhonestpeopleareoftenmadetofeelguilty.aremadetofeelguiltymakehaveletseehearnoticefeel用于主动语态,应省略。但这种结构改成式时,不定式符号to必须还原--Weheardsomeonecomeupthe--SomeonewasheardtocomeuptheThehardenedprofessionalsmuggler,ontheotherhand,isnevertroubledbysuchfeelings,evenifhehasfivehundredgoldwatcheshiddeninhissuitcase.evenifhehasfivehundredgoldwatcheshiddeninhisEvenif/thoughhehasfivehundredgoldenwatchesthatarehiddeninhissuitcase.hiddeninhissuitcase（过去分词短语作定语,watches）Ontheonehand...,ontheotherhand--Ontheonehandwecouldstayandhelpyou,butontheotherhanditmightbebetterifyouwenttohelphiminstead.WhenIreturnedformabroadrecently,aparticularlyofficiousyoungCustomsclearlyregardedmeasa'Haveyouanythingtodeclareheasked,lookingmeintheeye.lookingmeintheeye两眼直盯盯的注视着我=looksbintheface=staresbintheeyes=lookdirectlyatNotoneofthemendaredlookhimintheeye.'No',Ianswered'Wouldyoumindunlockingthissuitcaseplease?' 'Notatall,'Ianswered.Wouldyoumindunlockingthissuitcase,please?TheOfficerwentthroughthecasewithgreatcare.TheOfficerwentthroughthecasewithgreatTheOfficerexaminedthecasecarefullywithgreatcare AllthethingIhadpackedsocarefullyweresooninadreadfulmess.inamess in--ingood 秩序井然 --ingoodhealth身体健--inagoodmood心情好 --inagoodtemper脾气IfeltsureIwouldneverbeabletoclosethecaseagain.Suddenly,IsawtheOfficer'sfacelightup.lightup喜气洋洋,--Marsha’sfacelitupwhenshesawheroldHisfacelightedupatthesmalltriumph.（n.胜利,成功--TomreallylightedupwhenhesawthenewLightlit,--但是如果运用过去分词作定语,表示被点燃的,lightedalightedcigaralightedstickHehadspottedatinybottleatthebottomofmycaseandhepouncedonitwithdelight.withdelight 欣喜若狂地（with和抽象名词搭配,表示内心充满了一种感情）--withconfidence自信地 --withcare细心--withpride骄傲地 --withdelight欣喜若狂pounce 向...猛扑过去,对...--Themanpouncedonthethief.向小偷猛扑过去--Don'tpounceonmymistake.不要对错误大做文章'Perfume,eh?'heaskedsarcastically.'Youshouldhavedeclaredthat.Perfumeisnotfromimportshouldhave和过去分词搭配（表示本应该做某事却没有做,具有谴责性的味道--Youshouldhavearrivedherefiveminutes--Youshouldhavetoldmeaboutit.shouldn'thavedone本不应该做某事 v.adj.被免除的（beexempt--Drinksarenotexemptfromimportduty.Perfumeisnotexemptfromimportduty'Butitisn'tperfume,'Isaid.'It'shairgel.'ThenIaddedwithas ,'It'sastrangemixtureImakemyself.'AsIexpected,hedidnotbelieveAsweknowtheearthisround.众所周知,AsI AsIsoonlearned,hewasEnglishhimself.正如我很快得知的,他也是英国人。关系代词aswhich的区别：as所引导的非限制性定语从句,which引导的非限制性定语从句,'TryitIsaidencouragingly.Encouragingly副词形式TheofficerunscrewedthecapandputthebottletohisHewasgreetedbyanunpleasantsmellwhichconvincedhimthatIwaslingthetruth.1>vt.问候,向...2>vt.觉察到,呈现在...眼前,在...Iwokeupandwasgreetedbyabird's 当我醒来时,Insidetheroomadreadfulmessgreetedus.--Whenhewentintothekitchen,asmellgreetedAfewminuteslaterIwasabletohurryawaywithpreciouschalkmarksonmybaggage. adj.宝贵的,贵重的Specialdifficulties adj.的n. n.期待, n.法国, n.法国人,adj.法国的,法国人的, n. n.德国人,adj.德国的,德国人的, n.adj. n.丹麦（北欧国家,首都 n. Multiplechoicequestions potential（adj.潜在的,可能的 what提问à名词回 idea（n.想法,念头 smuggle（n.,偷带v. lookhimintheeyes/face=lookdirectlyat wouldyoukindlydosthplease?（一种有礼貌的请求 should=ought Havingfinished ,hewentto easy-going（adj.好相处的,随和的10A feelashamedof…为…感到羞愧unashamed（adj.不的,不知耻的）guiltless（adj.无罪的,的）prehensible（unabletobeunderstood）adj.technical（adj.专业性的,技术的,技术上的--Thearticleisfullof prehensibletechnicalexpressions.Incredible（=unbelievable）adj.难以置信的,不可思议的Whatyousaidis Incredulous（adj.怀疑的,不轻信的Heisan Skeptical（unwillingtobelieve）adj.好怀疑的, baggage（n.行李,<的>行装）=luggage（n.行李,皮箱equipment（n.装备,设备,器材,装置Lesson LifeonadesertNewwordsandexpressiondesert n.vt.背弃, AlotofpeopleimaginetheUSAastheirparadise. n.,天国（也指--gotoheaven） adj.的，艰苦= adj.痛苦的,悲惨的,leadawretched/miserable/terrible/dog’slife. v.挨饿（--starvetodeath--Duringthewar,alargeofpeoplestarvedto--hungryto goldenopportunity--Don’tmissanygoldenopportunityknocksonlyoncechance表机会时可以与opportunity互换（后面+ofng,或to--IhadthechanceofvisitingParis.=Ihadtheopportunityofvisiting--Hehadnoopportunitytoseechance表可能性时possibility),opportunityThereisachancethatIwillseehim.--Thechancesarethathewillbeelectedthe.他有可能当选总统--Thechancesarethathewillpasshisexaminationnext speargun n.油轮 --Heisgenuinelythankfultome.他由衷地地感谢我。 adj.真实的,真正的,诚恳的Robinson adj.例外的, adj.,成 n.水果,果实,果类, adj.相对的,相反的,对等的n.相反的事物 vi.沉下,(使)下沉 vt.证明, n.矛,TextWhatwasexceptionalaboutthetwomen'sstayonthedesertisland?Mostofushaveformedanunrealisticpictureoflifeonadesertisland.formanunrealisticpictureofsth 对…不切实际的幻想Alargenumberofpeoplehaveformedanunrealisticpictureofthejob.Form（v.形成,构成）=develop（vt.逐渐形成）developahabitformahabit养成一种Wesometimesimagineadesertislandtobeasortofparadisewherethesunalwaysshines.imaginesthtobe=imaginesthas--Somepeopleimagineflyingtobemoredangerousthantravelingby--AlargenumberpeopleimaginetheUSAastheirLifethereissimpleandgood.Ripefruitfallsfromthetreesandyouneverhavetowork.Youneverhavetowork=youneedn’twork=youdon’tneedtoworkTheothersideofthepictureisquitetheopposite. Lifeonadesertislandiswretched.quitetheopposite恰恰相反/ quitedifferentYoueitherstarvetodeathorlivelikeRobinsonCrusoe,WaitingforaboatwhichneverEitheryouorIamgoingtotheparty.（谓语动词和最接近的主语保持一致Eithercomeinorgooutdon’tstandonthedoorway.（门口,门道Perhapsthereisanelementoftruthinboththesepictures,butfewushavehadtheopportunitytofindout.anelementoftruth=abitof Pessimistic（adj.悲观的,消极的Twomenwhorecentlyspentfivedaysonacoralislandwishedtheyhadstayedthere谓语动词wishwere--Iwishyoucoulddriveacar.=Iamsorryyoucan’tdrivea,--IwishIhadn'tspentsomuoney.=IamsorryIspendsomu--Iwishthatyouhadwrittentohim.=Iamsorryyoudidn’twriteto3>如果表达与将来事实相反的情况或将来不可能实现的心愿thatwould,could等情态动词的过去时形式。--IwishthatIcouldgoabroad--Iwishthatyoucouldcomeheretomorrow.4>ifonly要比wish更富有戏剧性和感彩--Ifonlytheweatherwouldchange.=Iwishtheweatherwould--Wewishthatweknewwheretolookforhim.=IfonlyweknewwheretolookforIfonlywecouldhavegonetotheparty.Ifonlyyouhadn'tsaidthat.Ifonlyyouwouldcomehere TheyweretakingabadlydamagedboatfromtheVirginIslandstoMiamitohaveitrepairedDuringthejourney,theirboatbegantosink.haveitrepaired（havesthTheyquicklyloadedasmallrubberdinghywithfood,matches,andcansofbeerandrowedforafew acrosstheCaribbeanuntiltheyarrivedatatinycoralisland.load…with Theworkersareloadingthetruckwithgoods.Unload（vi.卸货,退vt.倾销,卸）Therewerehardlyanytreesontheislandandtherewasnowater,butthisdidnotprovetobeaproblem.hardlyanyverylittle/few adv.刚刚,几乎不--Hardlyanybodylikeshimbecauseheissorude.几乎他,因为他非常粗鲁Youhardlyeatanything,what'swrong?你几乎什么都没吃,provetobe=turnouttoThemencollectedrainwaterintherubberAstheyhadbroughtaspeargunwiththem,theyhadplentytoTheycaughtlobsterandfisheveryday,and,asoneofthemputit'aikekings'.Put=expressWhenapassingrescuedthemfivedayslater,bothmenweregenuinelysorrythattheyhadtoleave.Bothmenweregenuinelysorrythattheyhadto=IfonlywecouldhavestayedonthedesertislandalittlebitSpecialdifficultieswish,if1>hadboughtit（显然说明的是过去的情况-- adj.愚蠢的,2>couldn't/wouldn'tmakesuch3>werehere（强调：他在这儿,该有多好说明与现在情况相反的概念,无论什么人称be动词应该使用4>couldplaythepianoaswell...5>hadstudiedhardthen.6>hadn'tmentionedittoMultiplechoicequestions.. 要么是过度乐观, adj.不真实的,虚幻的 vt.介绍,,呈现 n.,悲惨 n.闲散,懒惰,赋闲无事 adv.不适当地,过度地,不正当地 adj.悲观的,厌世.. essential（adj.必需的,基本的）=very n.装备,设 fendforoneself独立的照料.. thinkofsb/sthas…把、某事看作为.. fewofus.. --after(连词)引导时间状语从句,表示动作（A答案变为theyhadrowed就对了..B RefrigeratorsareusefulArefrigeratorisuseful. adj.缺乏的,不足的,稀有的,不充足的.. 为做过的事情后悔：regret+ besorrythat是否可以表示后悔去做某事.. adj.不流行的,不受欢迎的 adj.不的,不孕的,贫瘠的n.荒地10...D 完全不同的entirelydifferent adv.自然地,天然地..觉得、发现或某事怎么样：findsb/sthto--Theyfoundthetriptobevery 或某事被发现怎么样,常用语态--Thecarisfoundtobebeautiful. .. putit=Lesson13 "It'sonlyme'“是我，别害怕”Newwordsandexpression生词和短语 --costumeball化妆舞会 costumefancydresspartysuit（n.西装,西服 1>consist 2>bemadeupof…由...3> ,--Ourclassconsistsof100=Ourclassismadeupofmorethan100--TheUnitedKingdomconsistsofG.BandNorthern=TheUnitedKingdomcomprisesG.BandNorthern--Thehouseconsistsofsix4>becomposedof…由...组成（强调有什么成分所组成Wateriscomposedofoxygenandhydrogen.（composev.组成,写作--oxygen（n.氧，氧气） 5>constitute vt.组成,构成（部分构成整体）G.BandNorthernIrelandconstituteTheUnitedKingdom.（Irelandn.爱尔兰--Thecommitteeconsistsof10members.（committeen.Tenmembersconstitutethecommittee. --Thecostumeisquite--Hiswordswas adj.有影响的,有的（有潜移默化的--Whatourparents sinfluentialtochildren. --Thedrugis adj.有成效的,--Theirexperimentis adj.舒适的（反义词： Comfort（n.舒适v.安慰）fort（n.vt.使不舒适,使不便--Inspite fortsheisdeterminedtostay n. n. n. Panic（n.惊慌, Thepeoplefledinpanicwhenthebullgotloose.Escape（vi.逃出,逃出牢笼vt.逃掉,逃出--HewasabletoescapefromtheIamsorryyournameescapedme.很抱歉,--Theytriedtoescape ,slamthedoorHelefttheroomslam/bangthedoorbehindhim. n.楼梯, n.幻想,,迷恋,想象力adj.奇特的,异样的 vi.吃饭,进餐 n.吃饭,进餐 vt.vi.(hid,hidden,hiding)隐藏 n.走廊,门厅 TextWhatdidthemanexpecttofindundertheAfterherhusbandhadgonetowork,Mrs.Richardssentherchildrentoschoolandwentupstairstoherbedroom.Shewastooexcitedtodoanyhouseworkthatmorning,forintheevening dbegoingtoafancy-dresspartwithherhusband.fancy-dressparty=costume1>tooto…太...（to在大部分情况下表示否定概念2>not/nevertooto…并不太...Oneisnevertoooldto 活到老,Thequestionisnottoodifficultformetoanswer.这个问题并不太难,3>tooallbutonly,to--TheyarealltoosatisfiedtoworkwithIamonlytoogladtohavesomeonetospeakto.我太高兴了,--HewasbuttooeagertogetSheintendedtodressupasaghostandasshehadmadehercostumethenightbefore,shewasimpatienttotryitendedtomeantododressupas…thenight last ShewenttoNewYorkonbusinessthreedaysago,thenightbeforeshegoteverythingready.beimpatienttodosth 急于要做某事,迫不及待做某事impatient可以换为eageranxious,hungrythirstydesperatecan'twait(口语)desperate（adj.不顾一切的,拚死的）shewasimpatienttotryiton.（tryon试穿Thoughthecostumeconsistedonlyofasheet,itwasveryAfterputtingiton,MrsRichardswentdownstairs.Afterputtingiton Shewantedtofindoutwhetheritwouldbecomfortableto=Itwouldbecomfortable(forher)totowear,用来修饰说明comfortable,--Itiseasyformeto--Thebookisdifficultto--Thedressiseasyto--Yourhandwritingiseasyto主动形式表达概念1>Themusicissweetto2>Themachineneedsrepairing.（need,want和动名词形式直接搭配3>Thedictionaryisworth--Thebookisworth4>Thehouseisunderconstruction.（介词under表达的意味--ThepumaisunderTheproblemisunderdiscussion.（n.讨论Thethiefisunderarrest.（n.逮捕,拘留5>Theairportcameintouseagain.（cameinto不及物动词短语Ourtimehasalreadygonetowaste.（gotowaste浪费掉,付诸东流6>able形容词后缀,跟在动词后表达＂能够被...Sheisa .（respectableadj.可敬的,值得被尊敬的Thisisareturnablebottle.（returnableadj.可被退回的）7>consistof,comprise本身表达概念,结构形式为主动JustasMrs.Richardswasenteringthedinningroom,therewasaknockonthefrontdoor.Sheknewthatitmustbethebaker.Shehadtoldhimtocomestraightinifevershefailedtoopenthedoorandtoleavethebreadonthekitchentable. adv.直接地,ifeven（ever用于条件句。表示任何时候,任何场合）whenIfeveryouseeGeorgegivehimmybestregards.（n.问候--WheneverheisintroubleI'llbeontheNotwantingtofrightenthepoorman,Mrs.Richardsquicklyhidinthesmallstoreroomunderthestairs.Notwanting（分词的否定结构形式,多用于句首,也可句中,主谓之间Notwantingtomakehernervous,thedoctordidn'tfullyexplaintheseriousnessof=Thedoctor,notwantingtomakehernervous,didn'tfullyexplaintheseriousnessofherSheheardthefrontdooropenandheavyfootstepsinthehall.Suddenlythedoorofthestoreroomwasopenedandamanentered.Mrs.RichardsrealizedthatitmustbethemanfromtheElectricityBoardwhohadcometoreadthemetre.readthe Shetriedtoexplainthesituation,sayingIt'sonlymebutitwastoolate.Themanletoutcryandjumpedbackseveralletoutacry 大叫了一声（=utteracry/giveacry） vt.发出,做声,,发射jumpbackseveralpacesWhenMrsRichardswalkedtowardshimhefled,slammingthedoorbehindhim.Slamming（现在分词作方式状语或伴随状语,fled的情况）Specialdifficulties难点--Hewasdelightedtolearn--Iwasgladtohear--Hewasanxiousto1>感情形容词后的不定式通常是表示原因,happy,relieved,astonished,amazed,surprised,horrified,disappointed,sad,embarrassed,shocked --Hewasfrightenedwhenhesawthesnake.àHewasfrightenedtoseethe--IwassorrywhenIlearntthathehadhadaàIwassorrytolearnthathehadhada2>不定式也可以放在表语之后,--ThecarishardtoSomequestionsareawkwardto Awkward（adj.尴尬的,不方便的3>在少数几个动词后,learn,find,see,hear,beHelivedtoseehisinventionscometo Hewokeuptofindeveryone --Hewenttohishouseonlytofindhim4>only,表示意想不到的,--Hehurriedtothepostofficeonlytofinditwasshut(closed)Multiplechoicequestions多项选择 Shewantedtoknowwhetherthatcostumewascomfortableto takesbin使信以为真,让上当 n.v.假装,,掩 and前后连接时态要呼应, how修饰限定形容 Atthatmoment,shehadn'tputonthe , seesbdosth看见做某事（做宾语补足语时,不定式符号to被省略 attheverymoment就在此刻 aslongas/solongas用来引导条件句,表示只要Youcangooutaslongasyoupromisetobebackbefore11o'clock.Onlywhen... --Idon'twanttomissseeingthatfilmonevisiontonight.forgottodosth表示忘记去做某事--Yesterday,Iforgottolockthesucceed ngsth表示成功做了某 if…happento...表示某事偶然发 n.褐色adj.褐色的,棕色 n.一条面包brownloaf黑面--Ifyouhappentopassthebaker's,pickmeupabrownloaf,would--Ifyouhappentofinishtheworkearlygivemearing.reading--Whatarethetemperaturereadingsforthe--takeametre-reading读上的数measurement--What'syourwaistmeasurement?你的腰围是多少？ n.调节（regulationofbodyheat体温调节） n.热,热度letout发出（=give） vt.高呼,高喊（有喊叫的对象--shouttosb对高声--shoutatsb对大喊大--Don'tshoutattheLesson14Anoblegangster歹徒Newwordsandexpression生词和短语Gangstern.歹徒,强盗--abandofgangsters一伙强盗 n.犯,者 n.强盗,土匪 n.强盗,土匪,盗贼,草寇（用语 n.,不良分子 n.罪犯,恶汉（口语） n.淘气,捣蛋鬼（口语 n.帮,abandofrobbers n.一群（表示贬义色彩的团伙、帮派amobofhooligans一伙 n.一伙（--agangofthieves） n.窝（--anestofbandits） n.团伙、帮派（--apackofhoodlums） n.（protectionmoney保护费 --Wemustprotectoureyesfromthe --IgivehimaringandhecallmebackHewassosleepythathewenttosleeppromptly.ontime准时／intime及时punctual（adj.严守时刻的,准时的 n.强调,消灭,完全的摧TheearthquakedestroyedthecityYoudestroyedhisdream. n.v.强调受损程度不很严重,可以被修复Thebigclockwasdamaged. v.n.强调弄坏,弄断Twoofthestringswerebroken. --spoilthe spoilthe mon,aremarkableeventanextraordinaryevent--Ourheadmasterisanoutstandingyouth.（n.年轻人,青少年）Distinguished（adj.杰出的,卓越的,不同非凡的）Eminent（adj.显赫的,杰出的,有名的,优良的）Distinguished和eminent是同义词（都是用来修饰严肃领域的人adistinguishedphysicist（n.物理学家）aneminentsurgeon（n.外科医生--aneminentjudge（n.）,adistinguishedlawyer（n.well- adj.众所周知的（--Sheiswell-knowninthemusicalworld. Thisiswell-knownfact. --Heisafamousmoviestar./Luxunisfamousforhis adj.臭明昭著的,臭名远扬的（befamousforbad--Hitleris n. adj.身名狼藉的（ Hangzhouisrenownedforitsbeautifulscenery.（n.风景,景色 v.租出,hireout--Doesthisfirmhireoutcars? v.租,租借,n.rentout租给,雇给（主要强调出租房屋--Herentouthishousetoatourist.Let出租（lethishouse出租房屋）Pleaseletyourhousetome.hire rentfrom--Hehiredacarfromus. IrentaroomfromMrsJohnson.hire指短期雇佣体力劳动者--HehiredtwoWeemployedherasouradvisor.（n.顾问--Thefactoryemployed500 n.君主,诸候n.王子 v.奉献,题献给（dedicateto）dedicatesthtosb--Hededicatedhisfirstbooktohisdedicate献身,奉献（devote更为正式而庄重dedicate…to--Idevotemytimetohelmy--Hededicateshislifetohis--Hededicatedhislifeto n. n.,力,器,内--YouhaveagoodIfmymemoryservesmewellyou'reTom.inmemoryoftothememoryof…为了纪念…inmemoryofhimtothememoryofhiminsb’shonor=inhonorofsb为纪念,为庆祝--weheldapartyinhishonor.=weheldapartyinhonorof adj.英勇的（强调非常Duringwarsoldiersarevaliant. adj.的--Theboyis adj.大无畏的,--Wearefearlessintimeofdanger. adj.有胆量的,有勇气的 adj.高尚的,的,高贵的n. vt.获得,得到 n.,行为,罪 vt.安放,使vi.安家, v.要求,n.要求,需求(量), vi.进军, n.意大利人,adj.意大利的,意大利语的, vtvi.提供, adj.著名的,显著的, n.阁下,TextHowdidHaywoodmakeintimesofTherewasatinewhentheownersofshopsandbusinessesinChicagothattopaylargesumsofmoneytogangstersinreturnfor'protection.'paylargesumsofmoneyto inreturnfor…目的是为了换取…,Hegavemesomebooksinreturnformyhelp.whentimeTherewasatimewhenminiskirtwasin n.迷你型,袖珍型Ifthemoneywasnotpaidpromptly,thegangsterswouldquicklyputamanoutofbusinessbydestroyinghisshop.Promptly=immediaputamanoutofbusiness使失putsb/sthout 使失去Youareputtingmeoutofpatience.--YouhavealreadyputeverythingoutofPutitoutofyourmind.bydestroyinghisshop通过…--YouareputtingmeoutofpatiencebydisturbingObtaining'protectionmoney'isnotamoderncrime.Obtaining=gettingAslongagoasthefourteenthcentury,anEnglishman,SirJohnHawkwood,maderemarkablediscoverythatpeoplewouldratherpaylargesumsofmoneythanhavetheirlifeworkdestroyedbygangsters.aslongagoas追溯回到（datingbacktodate--IknewJaneaslongagoastheyearmaketheremarkablediscoverywouldratherdo...than --Hewouldratherdiethansurrender.（vi.投降,--Iwouldratherplaytennisthanswim.wouldprefertodo...thando...would ng... --Hewouldprefertodiethan--Hewouldpreferdyingtowouldrather(soonerthat宾语从句（过去式）--Iwouldratherthatyouwerenothere.（暗含：实际你在这--IwouldratherthatIdidn'tsee--Hewouldratherthathedidn'thearthenews.lifework毕生的事业 havesthdoneSixhundredyearsago,SirJohanHawkwoodarrivedinItalywithabandofsoldiersandsettlednearFlorence.settlednear 在Florence附HesoonmadeanameforhimselfandcametobeknowntotheItaliansasGiovanniAcuto.madeanameforhimself= efamousTeto=getto渐渐的cometobeknown渐渐所熟--Icometobeknowntomy--IgottoknowWhenevertheItaliancity-stateswereatwarwitheachother,Hawkwoodusedtohirehissoldierstoprinceswhowerewillingtopaythehighpricehedemanded.Wheneveratwar交战 atwarwith…于…交hirewhohedemanded=HawkwoodIntimesofpeace,whenbusinesswasbad,Hawkwoodandhismenwouldmarchintoacity-stateand,afterburningdownafewfarms,wouldoffertogoawayifprotectionmoneywaspaidtoimeofpeacemarchintoburndownburnupburnoutThehousewasburnedoutonlywallsleft.wouldoffertogoaway=wouldpromisetogoHawkwoodmadelargesumsofmoneyinthisway.Inspiteofthis,theItaliansregardedhimasasortofhero.inspiteofthisPeopleindifferentcountrieshavedifferentopinions.TheItaliansregardedhimasasortofhero.Whenhediedatofeighty,theFlorentinesgavehimastatefuneralandhadapicturedwhichwasdedicatedtothememoryof'themostvaliantsoldierandmostnotableleader,SignorGiovanniHaukodue.'givesbastatefuneral给举行国havesth whichpicturebededicatedtothememoryofthemostvaliant的形Specialdifficulties难点wouldrather/wouldsoonerwouldratherdo…thando…wouldratherthat(that宾语从句中要出现动词的过去时)..left（rather..didnot..notspeak（wouldratherdo…的否定形式结构：wouldrathernotdo..didn'tMultiplechoicequestions.. n.,房屋(及其附属建筑,地基等) adj.未受的,太太平平的 n.破坏, n.罪犯,者adj.的,犯法的,.. n.实行,实践 n.承认,认可..A inthat=because"因为",表示一种原因 n.大胆,冒失, n.,大胆,无cannot 不得不, 段时间：foralongtime（现在完成式.. ng… .. hiresthfrom A ifnot如果不unlessProvided…条件是.....C 介词on和名词death相搭配（表示：的状态）on和动名词搭配（表示：一...就...）--Onseeinghim,Iran..B vi.离去,离开,出发Whendoesthenexttraindepart?.. adj.心甘情愿的,准备好的（--bewillingtodo=bepreparedto adj.使人愉快的,惬意的,适合的, adj.值得要的,合意的,令人想要的（attractiveadj.吸引人的Lesson FiftypenceworthoftroubleNewwordsandexpression --Thepoemistoodifficultformeto--Iappreciateyourhelp.=bethankful/gratefultothankfulgrateful（adj.感激的,感谢的pocket beermoneymadmoneygreenmoney美金（美圆是绿色的--soft/foldingmoney,钞票（foldingadj.可折叠的hardmoney硬币（hardadj.硬的,坚固的 adj. adj.节约的, adj.节俭的, --Thecoinwas同义词：jump(v.跳跃leap(v.跃hop(单足跳),spring(v.弹跳n.弹簧),skip(v.跳跃,略过) stick(stuck, Hisarmwasstuck. v.坚持,Youmuststicktoyouridea.--Stickthestamponthestickwith…忠实于...（=befaithfulto对...忠实）-- adj.守信的,忠实 firebrigade（消防队）=firedepartment=firestation n.伯父,叔父, n.姑妈,伯母,舅妈, n.代价,价格, n. vt,vi卷；滚动,转动, n.袖子, v.擦, vt.使自由, adj.心烦意乱的,不适的,不舒服的vt,vi打翻,弄翻,；使烦 vt.酬谢,酬劳,报答n.,奖TextDidGeorgegetanythingforhisfiftypence?What?Childrenalwaysappreciatesmallgiftsofmoney.Childrenalwaysappreciatepocketmoneyassmallgifts.--HusbandsalwaysappreciatesmallgiftsofbeerMumordad,ofcourse,providearegularsupplyofpocketmoney,butunclesandauntsarealwaysasourceofextra providearegularsupply providesthforsb/providesbwith --Thevillagersprovidedaregularsupplyoffoodforthe=Thevillagersprovidedthesoldierswitharegularsupplyoffoodsmallgiftsofmoney,pocketmoney,extra e都表示零花钱。作者在两段话里三处用了零花钱,是为了让读者能够抓住。Withsomechildren,smallsumsgoalong此句暗含：withotherchildrensmallsumscan’tgoalongway.goalongway维持很久Themoneywehavewillgoalongway.goalongwaytowards Thiswillgoalongway ingthe evt.战胜,克服with和forFor(介词)：关于,对于...来说,考虑到...--Theweatherisquitewarmfor--Forhim,thiswillbeanentirelynewhobby.With(介词)(多用于二者的比较)--Withsomepeople,pleasureismoreimportantthan--Somepeoplemayacceptthatexcuse,butitwon'tworkwithIffiftypencepiecesarenotexchangedforsweets,theyrattleformonthsinsidemoneyPence便士（pennypenniespenceafiftypence一个五十便士的硬币fiftypennies五十一便士的硬币exchangefor换取,以...来交换Thelittleboyexchangedhispenfor n.糖果,冰糖rattlevt.(拟声词)tinkle（vivt使)发玎玲声使)发出玎当声）roar呼啸（重点突出、狮子等大动物的吼）ThecarroarbymeListen,alionisroaring.shoutat大喊大叫=barkat vi.(猪等)作呼噜声vt.Heisgrunting.（adj.咕咙的,哼哼唧唧的 v.砰地关上,Onlyverythriftychildrenmanagetofillupamoneybox.fillup装满upto（表示到达目的地）--Sheranuptohim.她跑到他面前。Towards（表示朝某个方向）Sherantowardshim.她向他跑去。2>表示沿着,更远的地方（侧重强调距离更远了）Theywalkedupthestreet.Theychildrenrunupthegardenpathtogreettheirfather.3>系动词+up（表示消费、摧毁、彻底、光、用完）--Drinkupyour Eatupyour--Finishitup.完成它/burnup烧光 useup用4>表示积存,从少到多,--WemustlayupsomeboiledfoodfortheLayup=storeup储藏,holdup,gatherup收集5>表示从河的下游到上游,河流处以上到的某一--TheyaresailinguptheThames.他们正沿着士河而上Thehouseisuptheriver.6>动词+up（表示包起来、封住、盖住--buttonup扣上纽扣（--buttonyourcoatup把外衣的纽上--wrapup起来（wrapuptheshoeswithnewspaper用报纸把鞋子包起来lockup锁起来（lockthehouseup用锁把房子锁起来--fastenup拴紧,钉牢,锁牢 saveup储蓄,--washup洗涤餐具,洗手洗脸,把…冲上岸 doup重新整修,包Formostofthem,fiftypenceisasmallpricetopayforanicebigbarofchocolate.fiftypenceissmallpricetopay=fiftypenceisnotmuchtopayasmallpricenot oney--Forhimtwothousanddollarsissmallpricetopayfor--FormefivehundredYuanisnotasmallpricetopayforaMynephew,George,hasamoneyboxbutitisalwaysVeryfewofthefiftypencepiecesandpoundcoinsIhavegivenhimhavefoundtheirwaypound n.1findtheirwaythere 抵达,到达,findone’sway--RiversfindtheirwaytotheHowdidsuchafoolishstatementfinditswayintoprint?--AllmybookshavealreadyfoundtheirwayIgavehimfiftypenceyesterdayandadvisedhimtosaveit.advisesbtodosth说服做某事（结果是失败的）persuadesbtodosth说服做某事（结果是成功的）Insteadheboughthimselffiftypenceworthoftrouble.fiftypenceworthoftroubleOnhiswaytothesweetshop,hedroppedhisfiftypenceanditbouncedalongthepavementandthendisappeareddownadrain.Georgetookoffhisjacket,rolleduphissleevesandpushedisrightarmthroughthedrain系列的动词构成平行结构：takeoffrolledup vi.vt.--Thepencilrolled(vi.)undertheHerolled(vttheballtowardsthepuppy.（puppyn.(常指未满一岁的)小狗,小动物rollup卷起,--WewillneedtorolluptheHecouldnotfindhisfiftypencepieceanywhere,andwhatismore,hecouldnogethisarmwhat引导的Whatismoreimportant.更重要的是 Whatisworse.更糟糕的Whatismore.更有甚者 Whatisrare.更罕见的--Hewenttothemeeting,andwhatisworse,insistedon--Heisaninterestingspeaker,andwhatismoreimportant,heknowshissubjectAcrowdofpeoplegatheredroundhimandaladyrubbedhisarmwithsoapandbutter,butGeorgewasfirmlystuck.gatherround…rubbedhisarmwith…用... adv.稳固的,坚定的（加强语气ThefirebrigadewascalledandtwofirefighterfreedGeorgeusingaspecialtypeofUsing…现在分词做状语（强调式fire Georgewasnottooupsetbyhisexperiencebecausewhoownsthesweetshopheardabouthistroublesandrewardedhimwithlargeboxofchocolates.Rewardedsbwith…用...来奖赏Specialdifficulties boatn.汽船,轮船 wind（v.上发条,绕,缠do（shoelacen.鞋带Multiplechoicequestions havesth getsthout plenty仅用于肯定句中much advisesbtodo advisesb--that引导的宾语从句必须要出现should+动词（虚拟语气--IadvisemystudentsthattheyshouldreadEnglishformorethanan ng如果句中的when表达的概念是：就在这时、恰恰这时、正当此时,那么其的主句结构往往 putsth.+prep.（--putthebookinthebookcase/putthebookonthe durable（adj.耐用的,持久的--durableclothing耐穿的衣服 durablegoods耐用 n.旅行,urn轮流地（--Ithinkweshouldcleanourclassroominreturn.） n.周期,循环,自行车 n.圆圈,--drawacircle画一个圆圈 thecycleoftheseasons四季的循 adv.严格地,确实 wellandtruly= Tomwaswellandtrulydrunk.-- adj.喝醉了的（drink的过去分词bynomeans无论如何)innoway（adv.决不）onnoaccount（adv.决不）innosense（adv.决不 vt.移动,感 Theylookateachotherembarrassed. v.使悲痛,使穷困,使忧伤--Pleasedon'tdistress--HewasmostdistressedtohearthesadLesson Maryhadalittlelamb有一头羔Newwordsandexpression adj.珍贵的,--Maryhasgotaprize ThecatisprizetotheoldValuable（adj.有价值的,贵重的Precious（adj.珍贵的,宝贵的= adj.珍贵的（cherishvt.抚育,爱护,珍爱=Dear（adj.昂贵的, v.拴,tiesthItiedthedogtoatree.（拴在某处--Heistiedtohisfamily.（于…有联系） n.领带,关系（强调血缘关系）--tiesofblood血缘关系 thetiesoffriendship朋友关 --Hereportsthethefttothe accusesbofngsth--Heaccusedhisneighborofstealinghisaccuse比charge语义弱：accuse强调＂严厉的指责＂，charge强调＂chargesb ng ngsthHedeniedstealingthelamb.Hedeniedthetruth.denysbnothing百依百顺（denyv.）Hedenieshiswifenothing.denyoneself--Onsomeoccasionswemustdenyourselves.在某些场合须克制自 beashamedof…为...--Heisashamedofbeinga adj.的（--Thetheftisshameful.） adj.的（--Thethiefisashameless v.道歉（apology apologizetosb(forsth) v.染（Dyetheclothblack adj.南方的, n.绳,索,绳索Steal（stole,stolen,stealing） vt.获得,学到 n.后院, adv.轻率地（rashadj.轻率的,匆忙的