大学英语精读3课文(第三版)-中英文对照

课文翻译Unit1TextAyoungmanfindsthatstrollingalongthestreetswithoutanobviouspurposecanleadtotroublewiththelaw.Onemisunderstandingleadstoanotheruntileventuallyhemustappearincourtfortrial……一个青年发现，在大街上毫无明显目的地游逛会招致警方的责罚。误会一个接一个发生，最终他只得出庭受审……ABrushwiththeLaw与警察的一场小冲突Ihaveonlyoncebeenintroublewiththelaw.我平生只有一次跟警方发生纠葛。Thewholeprocessofbeingarrestedandtakentocourtwasaratherunpleasantexperienceatthetime,butitmakesagoodstorynow.被捕和出庭的整个过程在当时是一件非常不愉快的事，但现在倒成了一篇很好的故事。Whatmakesitratherdisturbingwasthearbitrarycircumstancesbothofmyarrestandmysubsequentfateincourt.这次经历令人可恼之处在于围绕着我的被捕以及随后庭上审讯而出现的种种武断专横的情况。IthappenedinFebruaryabouttwelveyearsago.事情发生在大约12年前，其时正是2月。IhadleftschoolacoupleofmonthsbeforethatandwasnotduetogotouniversityuntilthefollowingOctober.几个月前我中学毕业了，但上大学要等到10月。Iwasstilllivingathomeatthetime.当时我还在家中居住。OnemorningIwasinRichmond,asuburbofLondonnearwhereIlived.一天早晨，我来到里士满。这里是伦敦的一个郊区，离我住的地方不远。IwaslookingforatemporaryjobsothatIcouldsaveupsomemoneytogotravelling.我在寻找一份临时工作，以便积些钱去旅游。AsitwasafinedayandIwasinnohurry,Iwastakingmytime,lookinginshopwindows,strollinginthepark,andsometimesjuststoppingandlookingaroundme.由于天气晴朗，当时又无急事，我便慢悠悠看看橱窗，逛逛公园。有时干脆停下脚步，四处张望。Itmusthavebeenthisobviousaimlessnessthatledtomydownfall.现在看来，一定是这种明显的毫无目的的游逛，使我倒了霉。Itwasabouthalfpastelevenwhenithappened.事情发生在11点半钟光景。Iwasjustwalkingoutofthelocallibrary,havingunsuccessfullysoughtemploymentthere,whenIsawamanwalkingacrosstheroadwiththeobviousintentionoftalkingtome.我在当地图书馆谋职未成，刚刚走出来，便看到一个人穿越马路，显然是要来跟我说话。Ithoughthewasgoingtoaskmethetime.Instead,hesaidhewasapoliceofficerandhewasarrestingme.我以为他要问我时间，不料他说他是警官，要逮捕我。AtfirstIthoughtitwassomekindofjoke.Butthenanotherpolicemanappeared,thistimeinuniform,andIwasleftinnodoubt.起先我还以为这是在开玩笑，但又一个警察出现在我的面前，这次是位身着警服的，这一下使我确信无疑了。'Butwhatfor?'Iasked.“为什么要抓我?”我问道。"Wanderingwithintenttocommitanarrestableoffence,'hesaid.“到处游荡，企图作案，”他说。'Whatoffence?'Iasked.“作什么案?”我又问。'Theft,'hesaid.“偷窃，”他说。'Theftofwhat?'Iasked.“偷什么?”我追问。'Milkbottles,'hesaid,andwithaperfectlystraightfacetoo!“牛奶瓶，”他板着面孔说道。'Oh,'Isaid.“噢，”我说。Itturnedouttherehadbeenalotofpettytheftsinthearea,particularlythatofstealingmilkbottlesfromdoorsteps.事情原来是这样的，在这一地区多次发生小的扒窃案，特别是从门前台阶上偷走牛奶瓶。ThenImademybigmistake.接着，我犯了一个大错误。AtthetimeIwasnineteen,hadlonguntidyhair,andregardedmyselfaspartofthesixties''youthcountercultrue.其时我年方19，留一头蓬乱的长发，自认为是60年代“青年反主流文化”的一员。Asaresult,Iwanttoappearcoolandunconcernedwiththeincident,soIsaid,'Howlonghaveyoubeenfollowingme?'inthemostcasualandconversationaltoneIcouldmanage.所以我想装出一副冷漠的、对这一事件满不在乎的样子。于是我尽量用一种漫不经心的极其随便的腔调说，“你们跟踪我多久啦?”Ithusappearedtothemtobequitefamiliarwiththissortofsituation,anditconfirmedthemintheirbeliefthatIwasathoroughlydisreputablecharacter.这样一来，在他们眼里，我就像是非常熟悉这一套的了，也使他们更加确信我是一个地地道道的坏蛋。Afewminuteslaterapolicecararrived.几分钟后，开来了一辆警车。'Getintheback,"theysaid.'Putyourhandsonthebackofthefrontseatanddon'tmovethem.'“坐到后面去，”他们说。“把手放到前排座位的靠背上，不准挪动。”Theygotinoneithersideofme.Itwasn'tfunnyanymore.他们分别坐在我的两边。这可再也不是闹着玩的了。Atthepolicestationtheyquestionedmeforseveralhours.在警察局，他们审讯了我好几个小时。Icontinuedtotrytolookworldlyandaufaitwiththesituation.我继续装成老于世故、对这种事习以为常。WhentheyaskedmewhatIhadbeendoing,ItoldthemI'dbeenlookingforajob.当他们问我在干什么时，我告诉他们在找工作。'Aha,'Icouldseethemthinking,'unemployed'.“啊，”我可以想象他们在想，“果然是个失业的家伙。”Eventually,IwasofficiallychargedandtoldtoreporttoRichmondMagistrates'CourtthefollowingMonday.Thentheyletmego.最后，我被正式起诉，并通知我下周一到里士满地方法庭受审。随后他们让我离开。Iwantedtoconductmyowndefenceincourt,butassoonasmyfatherfoundoutwhathadhappened,hehiredaverygoodsolicitor.我想在法庭上作自我辩护，但父亲知道这事后，马上请了一位高明的律师。WewentalongthatMondayarmedwithallkindsofwitnesses,includingmyEnglishteacherfromschoolasacharacterwitness.我们星期一出庭的时候，带了各种各样的证人，其中包括我中学的英语老师，做我人品的见证人。Buthewasnevercalledontogiveevidence.My'trial'didn'tgetthatfar.但结果法庭没有叫他作证。我的“审判”没有进行到那一步。Themagistratedismissedthecaseafterfifteenminutes.开庭15分钟，法官就驳回了对我的指控。Iwasfree.Thepoorpolicehadneverstoodachance.我无罪获释。可怜的警方一点儿赢的机会都没有。Thesolicitorevensucceededingettingcostsawardedagainstthepolice.我的律师甚至让法庭责成警方承担了诉讼费用。AndsoIdonothaveacriminalrecord.这样，我的履历上没有留下犯罪的记录。Butwhatwasmostshockingatthetimewasthethingsmyreleasefromthechargesoclearlydependedon.但当时最令人震惊的，是那些显然导致宣布我无罪的证据。Ihadthe'right'accent,respectablemiddle-classparentsincourt,reliablewitnesses,andIcouldobviouslyaffordaverygoodsolicitor.我讲话的口音“表明我教养良好”，到庭的有体面的中产阶级的双亲，有可靠的证人，还有，我显然请得起一名很好的律师。Giventheobscurenatureofthecharge,IfeelsurethatifIhadcomefromadifferentbackground,andhadreallybeenunemployed,thereiseverychancethatIwouldhavebeenfoundguilty.从对我指控的这种捕风捉影的做法来看，我肯定，如果我出身在另一种背景的家庭里，并且真的是失了业的话，我完全可能被判有罪。Whileaskingforcoststobeawarded,mysolicitor'scasequiteobviouslyrevolvedaroundthefactthatIhada'brilliantacademicrecord'.当我的律师要求赔偿诉讼费时，他公然把辩护的证据建立在我“学业优异”这一事实上。Meanwhile,justoutsidethecourtroom,oneofthepolicemenwhohadarrestedmewasgloomilycomplainingtomymotherthatanotheryoungsterhadbeenturnedagainstthepolice.与此同时，就在审判室外面，一位抓我的警察正在沮丧地向我母亲抱怨，说是又一个小伙子要跟警察作对了。'Youcouldhavebeenabitmorehelpfulwhenwearrestedyou,'hesaidtomereproachfully.他带着责备的口气对我说，“我们抓你的时候，你本可以稍微帮点忙的。”Whatdidhemean?他说这话什么意思?PresumablythatIshouldhavelookedoutragedandsaidsomethinglike,'Lookhere,doyouknowwhoyou'retalkingto?Iamahighlysuccessfulstudentwithabrilliantacademicrecord.Howdareyouarrestme!'大概是说我本该显出愤愤不平的样子，并说，“喂，留神点，你知道你在跟谁说话?我是学业出众的高材生。你敢抓我!”Thenthey,presumably,wouldhaveapologized,perhapseventakenofftheircaps,andletmeonmyway.那样一来，他们或许会向我道歉，说不定还会脱帽致意，让我走开呢。NEWWORDS（新词）brushn.brieffightorencounter小冲突；小接触processn.course;method,esp.oneusedinmanufacture过程；制作法arbitrarya.basedonone'sownopiniononly,notonreason任意的；武断的circumstancen.(usu.pl.)conditions,facts,etc.connectedwithaneventorperson情况，环境subsequenta.following,later随后的，接下去的faten.whatwillhappenorhappenedtosb.orsth.命运duea.expected;supposed(to)预期的；约定的；到期的temporarya.lastingonlyforalimitedtime暂时的strolla.walkatleisure散步，闲逛obviousa.easilyseenorunderstood;clear明显的，显而易见的downfalln.ruin垮台；衰落employmentn.one'sregularworkoroccupation;job职业；工作wandervi.moveaboutwithoutapurpose闲逛；漫游commitvt.do(sth.wrong,bad,orunlawful)干（坏事），犯（错误、罪）arrestablea.deservingtobearrestedoffence(AmEoffense)n.crime;thehurtingoffeelings;somethingunpleasant罪行；冒犯；不愉快的事straightfaceafaceorexpressionthatshowsnoemotion,humor,orthought板着的脸pettya.small;unimportant小的；不足道的doorstepn.astepinfrontofadoorregardvt.considerinthestatedway把……看作；把认为(as)counterculturen.aculture,esp.oftheyoungwhoopposethetraditionalstandardsandcustomsoftheirsociety反主流文化unconcerneda.notworried;untroubled;indifferent无忧虑的；淡漠的casuala.careless;informal漫不经心的，随便的conversationala.oforcommonlyusedintalking会话（用）的confirmvt.makecertain;support证实，肯定；确定beliefn.somethingbelieved;trust相信；信念；信仰pletely;ineveryway完全地，彻底地thorougha.disreputablea.havingorshowingabadcharacter;havingabadname声名狼籍的worldlya.experiencedinthewaysofsociety老于世故的aufaita.(F)familiar熟悉的；精通的ahaint.acryofsurprise,satisfaction,etc.啊哈！magistraten.civilofficeractingasajudgeinthelowestcourts地方法官conductvt.directthecourseof;manage处理；主持；引导；指挥defence(AmEdefense)n.theactofdefendingincourtthepersonwhohasbeencharged辨护solicitorn.(esp.inBritain)lawyerwhoadvisesclientsonlegalmattersandspeaksontheirbehalfinlowercourts（初级）律师witnessn.apersonwhogivesevidenceinacourtoflaw;sth.servingasevidenceorproof证人；证据trialn.theactorfactofexamininganddecidingacivilorcriminalcasebyalawcourt审判dismissvt.(ofajudge)stop(acourtcase)驳回，对……不予受理costn.(pl.)thecostofhavingamattersettledinalawcourt.esp.thatpaidtothewinningpartybythelosingparty诉讼费awardvt.givebyadecisionincourtoflaw;giveorgrantbyanofficialdecision判给；授予accentn.wayofspeakingtypicalofthenativesorresidentsofaregion,orofanyothergroup口音；腔调respectablea.deservingrespect值得尊敬的reliablea.thatmaybereliedordependedupon可靠的，可信赖的givenprep.takingintoaccount;ifallowedorprovidedwith考虑到；假定obscurea.notclearlyseenorunderstood模糊的；晦涩的guiltya.havingbrokenalaw;showingorfeelingthatonehasdonewrong有罪的；内疚的revolvev.(causeto)goroundinacircle（使）旋转brillianta.causinggreatadmirationorsatisfaction;splendid辉煌的；卓越的courtroomn.aroomwherealawcourtisheld审判室meanwhilead.duringthesameperiodoftime同时gloomilyad.depressedly,dejectedly忧郁地；沮丧地complainvi.speakinanunhappy,annoyed,dissatisfiedway抱怨complaintn.reproachfullyad.责备地bablyoutragevt.arouseangerorresentmentbyinjuryorinsult引起……的气愤successfula.havingdonewhatonehastriedtodo;havinggainedahighpositioninlife,one'sjob.etc.成功的；有成就的apologizevi.sayoneissorry道歉，谢罪apologyn.道歉，歉意PHRASES&EXPRESSIONStakesb.tocourtstartanactioninlawagainstsb.对某人提出诉讼acoupleof(informal)asmallnumberof,afew,usuallytwo少数，几（个）；一对saveupkeepforfutureuse;putmoneyawayintheformofsavings储蓄takeone'stimedosth.inaleisurelymanner;nothurry慢慢来，不着急atfirstatthebeginning起先turnoutprovetobe结果；证明是callonask(sb.)todosth.esp.formally要求standachancehaveanopportunity;belikelytodoorgetsth.有机会，有希望revolvearoundhaveasacenterormainsubject围绕turnagainst(causeto)oppose,behostiletoPROPERNAMESRichmond里士满（英国地名）RichmondMagistrates'Court里士满地方法院Unit2TextFruitfulQuestions获益匪浅的问题Theothernightatthedinnertable,mythreekids--ages9,6and4--tooktimeoutfromtheirfoodfighttoteachmeaboutparadigmshifts,andlimitationsoflinearthinkingandhowtorefocusparameters.不久前的一个晚上在餐桌旁，我的三个孩子--年龄分别为9岁、6岁和4岁--暂时停止争抢食物，腾出时间教我认识什么是范式变换、什么是线性思考的局限以及如何重新看待相关的各种因素。Here’showithappened:WewereplayingourownoralversionoftheSesameStreetgame,“WhatDoesn’tBelong?,”wherekidslookatthreepicturesandchoosetheonethatdoesn’tfit.Isaid,“OK,whatdoesn’tbelong,anorange,atomatoorastrawberry?”事情是这样的：当时我们在玩自己那套只动嘴的“哪个不是同一类？”的芝麻街游戏。本来玩这游戏时，孩子们要看三张画并挑出那张不属同一类的画。我说：“来吧，哪个不是同一类，桔子，西红柿，还是草莓？”Theoldestdidn’ttakemorethanasecondtodeliverhissmuganswer:“Tomatobecausetheothertwoarefruits.”Iagreedthatthiswastherightanswerdespitethefactthatsomepuristsinsistatomatoisafruit.Tothoseofusforcedaskidstoeattheminsalads,tomatoeswillalwaysbevegetables.老大很快就说出了自以为非常得意的答案：“西红柿，因为其他两种是水果。”我承认这是正确答案，尽管有些纯粹主义者坚决认为西红柿是一种水果。对我们这些从小就被迫吃拌在色拉里的西红柿的人来说，西红柿永远是蔬菜。Iwasabouttothinkupanothersetofthreewhenmy4-year-oldsaid,“Therightanswerisstrawberrybecausetheothertwoareroundandastrawberryisn’t.”HowcouldIarguewiththat?我正准备再出一道三种东西为一组的题目时，我4岁的孩子说：“正确答案是草莓，因为另外两种是圆的，草莓却不圆。”我怎么能驳斥这种论点呢？Thenmy6-year-oldsaid,“It’stheorangebecausetheothertwoarered.”Nottobeoutdonebyhisyoungersiblings,the9-year-oldsaid,“Itcouldalsobetheorangebecausetheothertwogrowonvines.”接着，我6岁的孩子说：“不属同一类的是桔子，因为另外两种是红色的。”9岁的孩子不想让弟妹占上风，说道：“不是同一类的也可以是桔子，因为其他两种长在藤上。”Themiddleonetookthisasadirectchallenge.“Itcouldbethestrawberrybecauseit’stheonlyoneyouputonicecream.”老二把这看作对他发出的挑战。“可以是草莓，因为只有草莓会放在冰淇淋上。”Somethingwasdefinitelyhappeninghere.毫无疑问，这里正发生着什么事儿。Itwasmessierthanafoodfightandmuchmoreimportantthanwhetheratomatoisafruitorvegetable.这事儿比争抢食物还乱，比西红柿是水果还是蔬菜重要得多。MykidsweredoingwhatCopernicusdidwhenheplacedthesunatthecenteroftheuniverse,readjustingthecenturies-oldparadigmofanEarth-centeredsystem.哥白尼把太阳视为宇宙中心，重新调整了地心说这一长达数世纪的范式，我的孩子们正做着哥白尼当年做的事。TheyweredoingwhatReubenMattusdidwhenherenamedhisBronxicecreamHäagen-Dazsandraisedthepricewithoutchangingtheproduct.鲁宾·马修斯把他的布朗克斯冰淇淋改名为哈根达斯，在不改变产品的情况下提高了价格，我的孩子们正做着鲁宾·马修斯做过的事。TheyweredoingwhatEdwardJennerdidwhenhediscoveredavaccinationforsmallpoxbyabandoninghisquestforacure.爱德华·詹纳放弃了寻找治疗天花的特效药，从而发现了能预防这一疾病的疫苗，我的孩子们正做着爱德华·詹纳做过的事。Insteadofstudyingpeoplewhoweresickwithsmallpox,hebegantostudypeoplewhowereexposedtoitbutnevergotsick.Hefoundthatthey’dallcontractedasimilarbutmilderdisease,cowpox,whichvaccinatedthemagainstthedeadlysmallpox.他不去研究得了天花的患者，而去研究接触天花却从未染上此病的人。他发现他们都患了一种类似天花但比较轻微的疾病：牛痘；牛痘使他们得以防止染上致命的天花。Theywererefocusingtheparameters.Theywereredefiningtheproblems.他们在重新看待相关的各种因素。他们在重新认识他们的问题。Theywerereframingthequestions.他们在重新表述他们的问题。Inshort,theyweredoingwhateveryscientistwho’severmadeanimportantdiscoverythroughouthistoryhasdone,accordingtoThomasKuhn,inhisbook,TheStructureofScientificRevolutions:Theywereshiftingoldparadigms.总之，据托马斯·库恩在他的《科学革命的结构》一书中所言，他们正做着历史上有过重大发现的科学家都曾做过的事：他们在改变旧的范式。Butifthishadbeenaworkbookexerciseinschool,everykidwhodidn’tcircletomatowouldhavebeenmarkedwrong.但假若我们的游戏是学校里做在作业本上的练习，那么没有把西红柿圈出来的孩子全都会被批为答错。Everykidwhoframedthequestiondifferentlythan“Whichisnotafruit?”wouldhavebeenwrong.凡是没有把问题解读为“哪个不是水果”的孩子都是错的。Maybethatexplainswhysomanyoftheworld’smostbrilliantscientistsandinventorswerefailuresinschool,themostnotablebeingAlbertEinstein,whowasperhapsthiscentury’smostpotentparadigm-shifter.也许这种情形说明了为什么世界上最杰出的科学家和发明家中有那么多的人读书时是不及格的学生。其中最引人注目的是阿尔贝特·爱因斯坦，他也许是本世纪最有影响的范式改变者。Thisisnotmeanttobeacritiqueofschools.Lordknows,that’seasyenoughtodo.这样说，并不是想对学校评头品足。天知道，发一通议论太容易了。Thisis,instead,areminderthattherearereallimitstothevalueofinformation.这样说，不过是想提醒大家信息的价值实在是有限的。Ibringthisupbecauseweseemtobeatapointintheevolutionofoursocietywhereeveryoneisclamoringformoretechnology,forinstantaccesstoever-growingbodiesofinformation.我提出这一点，是因为我们的社会似乎发展到了这样一个阶段，人人都大声要求得到更多的技术，大声要求即刻享用不断增多的信息。Studentsmustbeonline.YourhomemustbedigitallyconnectedtotheWorldWideWeb.学生们必须联机。你们家必须用数码与环球信息网连通。Businessesmustbeabletodownloadvolumesofdatainstantaneously.Butunlessweshiftourparadigmsandrefocusourparameters,thesuperinformationhighwaywillleadusnowhere.企业必须能即时下载大量资料。但是，除非我们改变范式、重新看待相关的各种因素，否则，信息高速公路就不会给我们带来什么结果。Wearenotnow,norhavewerecentlybeensufferingfromalackofinformation.ThinkhowmuchmoreinformationwehavethanCopernicushadfourcenturiesago.无论是现在还是最近，我们都不缺信息。试想我们拥有的信息比四百年前的哥白尼多了多少。Andhedidn’tdoanythinglessEarth-shattering(punintended)thancompletelychangethewaytheuniversewasviewed.但他作出了足以震撼地球的（权作双关语）惊人之举，完全改变了人们对宇宙的看法。Hedidn’tdoitbyuncoveringmoreinformation--hediditbylookingdifferentlyatinformationeveryoneelsealreadyhadlookedat.他作出此举不是靠发现更多的信息，而是靠用不同的眼光来看大家都看到过的信息。EdwardJennerdidn’tinventpreventivemedicinebyaccumulatinginformation;hediditbyreframingthequestion.爱德华·詹纳不是靠积累信息发明预防药物，而是靠重新表述问题。Whatweneedaswebegintodownshiftontotheinformationhighwayisnotmoreinformationbutnewwaysoflookingatit.当我们开始驶入信息高速公路时，我们所需要的不是更多的信息，而是看信息的新方法。Weneedtodiscover,asmykidsdid,thatthereismorethanonerightanswer,thereismorethanonerightquestionandthereismorethanonewaytolookatabodyofinformation.我们应该像我的孩子所做的那样，去发现有一个以上的正确答案、有一个以上正确的问题、有一个以上看一堆信息的方法。Weneedtorememberthatwhenyouhaveonlyahammer,youtendtoseeeveryproblemasanail.我们应该记住：当你只有一把锤子时，你往往把每个问题都看作钉子。Unit3TextEveryteacherprobablyaskshimselftimeandagain:Whatarethereasonsforchoosingteachingasacareer?也许每位教师都一再问过自己：为什么选择教书作为自己的职业？Dotherewardsteachingoutweighthetryingcomments?Answeringthesequestionsisnotasimpletask.Let'sseewhattheauthorsays.教书得到的回报是否使老师的烦恼显得不值得多谈？回答这些问题并非易事。让我们看看本文的作者说了些什么。WhyITeach我为什么当教师PeterG.BeidlerWhydoyouteach?MyfriendaskedthequestionwhenItoldhimthatIdidn'twanttobeconsideredforanadministrativeposition.你为什么要教书呢?当我告诉一位朋友我不想谋求行政职务时，他便向我提出这一问题。HewaspuzzledthatIdidnotwantwhatwasobviouslya"stepup"towardwhatallAmericansaretaughttowantwhentheygrowup:moneyandpower.所有美国人受的教育是长大成人后应该追求金钱和权力，而我却偏偏不要明明是朝这个目标“迈进”的工作，他为之大惑不解。CertainlyIdon'tteachbecauseteachingiseasyforme.当然，我之所以教书不是因为我觉得教书轻松。TeachingisthemostdifficultofthevariouswaysIhaveattemptedtoearnmyliving:mechanic,carpenter,writer.我做过各种各样的工作，籍以谋生：机修工、木工、作家，教书是其中最难的一行。Forme,teachingisared-eye,sweaty-palm,sinking-stomachprofession.对我来说，教书是个会令人熬红眼睛、手掌出汗、精神沮丧的职业。Red-eye,becauseIneverfeelreadytoteachnomatterhowlateIstayuppreparing.说熬红眼睛，这是因为我晚上无论备课备到多晚，总觉得备得还不充分。Sweaty-palm,becauseI'malwaysnervousbeforeIentertheclassroom,surethatIwillbefoundoutforthefoolthatIam.说手掌出汗，这是因为我跨进教室之前总是非常紧张，自认为学生一定会发觉原来我是个傻瓜蛋。Sinking-stomach,becauseIleavetheclassroomanhourlaterconvincedthatIwasevenmoreboringthanusual.说精神沮丧，这是因为我1小时后走出教室时，确信这堂课上得比平常还要平淡无味。NordoIteachbecauseIthinkIknowanswers,orbecauseIhaveknowledgeIfeelcompelledtoshare.我之所以教书，也不是因为我认为自己能够解答问题，或者因为我有满腹学问，觉得非与别人分享不可。SometimesIamamazedthatmystudentsactuallytakenotesonwhatIsayinclass!有时我感到很惊异，学生竟真的把我课上讲的东西做了笔记!Why,then,doIteach?这样说来，我为什么还要教书呢?IteachbecauseIlikethepaceoftheacademiccalendar.June,July,andAugustofferanopportunityforreflection,researchandwriting.我教书，是因为我喜爱校历的步调。6月、7月和8月提供了一个供思考、研究和创作的机会。Iteachbecauseteachingisaprofessionbuiltonchange.Whenthematerialisthesame,Ichange——and,moreimportant,mystudentschange.我教书，是因为教学是建立在“变化”这一基础上的职业。教材还是原来的教材，但我自身却变化了--更重要的是，我的学生变化了。IteachbecauseIlikethefreedomtomakemyownmistakes,tolearnmyownlessons,tostimulatemyselfandmystudents.我教书，是因为我喜欢有让自己犯错误的自由，有让自己吸取教训的自由，有激励自己和激励学生的自由。Asateacher,I'mmyownboss.IfIwantmyfreshmentolearntowritebycreatingtheirowntextbook,whoistosayIcan't?作为教师，我可以自行做主。如果我想要求一年级学生通过自行编写课本的办法来学习写作，谁能说我不可以那样做呢?Suchcoursesmaybehugefailures,butwecanalllearnfromfailures.这样的课程也许会彻底失败，但我们都可以从失败的尝试中获得教益。IteachbecauseIliketoaskquestionsthatstudentsmuststruggletoanswer.我教书，是因为我喜欢向学生提出必须绞尽脑汁才能回答的问题。Theworldisfullofrightanswerstobadquestions.Whileteaching,Isometimesfindgoodquestions.我们这个世界有无穷无尽的正确答案来对付拙劣的问题。何况我在教学过程中有时也会想到一些出色的问题。IteachbecauseIenjoyfindingwaysofgettingmyselfandmystudentsoutoftheivorytowerandintotherealworld.我教书，是因为我喜欢想方设法使自己和我的学生从象牙塔里走出来，步入现实世界。Ioncetaughtacoursecalled"Self-RelianceinaTechnologicalSociety."My15studentsreadEmerson,Thoreau,andHuxley.Theykeptdiaries.Theywrotetermpapers.我曾经开过一门叫做“在工业技术社会里如何自力更生”的课程。我教的15位学生读了爱默生、梭洛和赫胥黎的作品，记了日记，还写了学期论文。Butwealsosetupacorporation,borrowedmoney,purchasedarun-downhouseandpracticedself-reliancebyrenovatingit.但除此而外，我们还办起一个公司，借钱买下一所破旧的房屋，通过对这一建筑物的整修翻新，我们就自力更生这一课题进行了一次实践活动。Attheendofthesemester,wesoldthehouse,repaidourloan,paidourtaxes,anddistributedtheprofitsamongthegroup.在期末我们把房子卖掉，还清贷款，缴了税，余下的收益分给了参加实践的学生。Soteachinggivesmepace,andvariety,andchallenge,andtheopportunitytokeeponlearning.所以说，教学使我的工作进程有了规律，使我的生活变得丰富多彩，教学向我提出了挑战，也给了我不断学习的机会。Ihaveleftout,however,themostimportantreasonswhyIteach.不过，我要教书的最重要的几个原因还没有讲到呢。OneisVicky.Myfirstdoctoralstudent,Vickywasanenergeticstudentwholaboredatherdissertationonalittle-known14thcenturypoet.其中一个原因与维基有关。维基是我的第一个博士生。她精力充沛，孜孜不倦地撰写她那篇论述14世纪一位不知名诗人的学位论文。Shewrotearticlesandsentthemofftolearnedjournals.Shediditallherself,withanoccasionalnudgefromme.她写过一些文章，寄给了学术刊物。这一切都由她独立完成，我偶尔从旁略加指点。ButIwastherewhenshefinishedherdissertation,learnedthatherarticleswereaccepted,gotajobandwonafellowshiptoHarvardworkingonabookdevelopingideasshe'dfirsthadasmystudent.我亲眼看到了她完成论文，看到了她得悉自己的文章被采用，亲眼目睹她找到了工作并获得了在哈佛大学当研究员的职位，著书论述她在做我学生时萌发的思想。AnotherreasonisGeorge,whostartedasanengineeringstudent,thenswitchedtoEnglishbecausehedecidedhelikedpeoplebetterthanthings.另一个原因与乔治有关。他开始学的是工程学，后来他深信自己爱人胜过爱物，所以改学英语。ThereisJeanne,wholeftcollege,butwasbroughtbackbyherclassmatesbecausetheywantedhertoseetheendoftheself-reliancehouseproject.还有珍妮。她中途辍学，但是她的同学把她拉了回来，因为他们想让她看到自力更生整修旧房子这一项目的结果。Iwastherewhenshecameback.Iwastherewhenshetoldmethatshelaterbecameinterestedintheurbanpoorandwentontobecomeacivilrightslawyer.我亲眼看到她回来了。我亲耳听到她对我说，她后来对城市贫民产生了兴趣，继而成了捍卫公民权的律师。ThereisJacqui,acleaningwomanwhoknowsmorebyintuitionthanmostofuslearnbyanalysis.还要提一提清洁女工杰基。她凭直觉了解的事情比我们多数人通过分析弄清的东西还要多。Jacquihasdecidedtofinishhighschoolandgotocollege.杰基已经决定读完中学，然后还要上大学。ThesearetherealreasonsIteach,thesepeoplewhogrowandchangeinfrontofme.这些在我眼前成长、变化的人，便是我要当教师的真正原因。Beingateacherisbeingpresentatthecreation,whentheclaybeginstobreathe.当一名教师意味着是创造的见证人，他目睹人体开始呼吸，开始了生命。A"promotion"outofteachingwouldgivememoneyandpower.ButIhavemoney.“升职了”，不再教书了，也许会给我带来金钱和权力。IgetpaidtodowhatIenjoy:reading,talkingwithpeople,andaskingquestionlike,"Whatisthepointofbeingrich?"可是我现在也有钱。我拿了薪金去做自己乐意做的事：读书、交谈、提问，比如问：“做个富翁有什么意思呢?”AndIhavepower.Ihavethepowertonudge,tofansparks,tosuggestbooks,topointoutapathway.Whatotherpowermatters?我现在还有权呢。我有权启迪，有权激发才智，有权开出书目，有权指点迷津。还有其他什么权力更值得考虑呢?Butteachingofferssomethingbesidesmoneyandpower:itofferslove.但教书还会带来金钱和权力以外的东西：那便是爱。Notonlytheloveoflearningandofbooksandideas,butalsothelovethatateacherfeelsforthatrarestudentwhowalksintoateacher'slifeandbeginstobreathe.不仅是爱学习、爱书本、爱思想，而且还有老师对出类拔萃的学生的爱。这样的学生走进了老师的生活，老师自己也开始成长了。Perhapsloveisthewrongword:magicmightbebetter.“爱”这个字也许用得不恰当：用“魔力”可能更为贴切。Iteachbecause,beingaroundpeoplewhoarebeginningtobreathe,Ioccasionallyfindmyselfcatchingmybreathwiththem.我教书，是因为在与开始成长的学生朝夕相处时，我有时感到自己也和他们一起开始成长了。NEWWORDS（新词）administrativea.ofthemanagementofaffairs行政的，管理的administrationn.管理（部门），行政（机关）puzzlevt.fillwithdoubtandconfusion使迷惑step(-)motion;increaseinsize,speed,etc.mechanicn.skilledworkman,esp.onewhousesorrepairsmachinesandtools机械工；机修工sweatya.coveredwithsweat,sweatingpalma.手掌professionn.occupation,esp.onerequiringspecialtraining,suchaslaw,medicine,orteachingconvincevt.make(sb.)feelcertain;cause(sb.)torealizecompelvt.force(sb.orsth.todosth.)pacen.rateorspeedofdevelopment,orinwalking,etc.速度；步速calendarn.日程表，日历opportunityn.favourableoccasionorchancereflectionn.carefulthinking;consideration深思；考虑reflectvi.反射；细想stimulatevt.encourage;excite刺激；激励freshmann.studentinhisfirstyearatacollegeoruniversityfailuren.aperson,attempt,orthingthatfails;lackofsuccessivoryn.象牙ivorytowern.placeorconditionofretreatfromtheworldofactionintoaworldofideasanddreams象牙塔self-reliancen.abilitytodothingsandmakedecisionsbyoneself依靠自己；自力更生reliancen.trust,confidence;dependence信赖；信心；依靠technologicala.oforrelatedtotechnology技术的corporationn.(AmE)有限公司run-downa.oldandbrokenorinbadconditionrenovatevt.restore(oldbuildings,oilpaintings,etc.)toaformer,betterstate修复，修整semestern.(AmE)eitherofthetwoperiodsintowhichaschoolyearisdivided;term学期repayvt.payback(money,etc.)loann.sth.lent,esp.asumofmoney借出的东西；贷款distributevt.divideamongseveralormany;giveorsendout分发；分送distributionn.分配，分发varietyn.differenceinquality,typeorcharacter;anumberoforacollectionofdifferentthings变化，多样化；种种challengen.thequalityofdemandingcompetitiveaction,interest,orthough挑战doctorala.havingtodowiththeuniversitydegreeofdoctor博士的energetica.vigorous精力充沛dissertationn.（学位）论文poetn.onewhowritespoetrylearneda.showingorrequiringmuchknowledge博学的journaln.magazineordailynewspaper杂志；日报occasionala.happeningfromtimetotime,notregular偶尔的，间或的nudgen.(fig.)words,actionsorfeelingthatstimulate启示vt.pushortouchslightly,esp.withtheelbowtoattractattention;(fig.)stimulatefellowshipn.positionorasumofmoneygrantedtoapersonforadvancedstudyorresearch研究员职位；研究员薪金switchvt.changeorshift;turnurbana.ofatownorcitycivilrightsn.therightsofacitizenwithoutregardtohisrace,religion,sex,etc.公民权lawyern.personwhopractiseslaw律师intuitionn.(powerof)theimmediateunderstandingoftruths,events,factswithoutreasoning直觉analysisn.theseparationofasubstanceintopartsforcarefulexaminationandstudy分析creationn.actofcreating;sth.created创造（物）clayn.粘士pointn.mainideaorpurpose要点；意义，目的pathwayn.pathrarea.unusuallygood;distinctive稀有的；杰出的magicn.mysteriouscharm;strangeinfluenceorpower;artofobtainingmysteriousresultsbytricks魔力；魔术PHRASES&EXPRESSIONSstayupnotgotobeduntilaftertheusualtime不睡觉，熬夜takenotes记笔记buildonbaseon;useasabaseforfurtherdevelopmentkeepadiary记日记leaveoutfailtomentionorinclude;omitsendoffpost;dispatchworkat/ongiveone'sattentiontodoingortryingtodocatchone'sbreathrestandgetbackone'snormalbreath,asafterrunning;stopbreathingforamomentfromsurprise,fear,shock,etcPROPERNAMESEmerson爱默生（姓氏及男子名）Thoreau梭洛（姓氏）Huxley赫胥黎（姓氏）Vicky维基（女子名，Victoria的昵称）Harvard哈佛（美国大学名）Jeanne珍妮（女子名）Jacqui杰基（女子名，Jacqueline的昵称）Unit4TextAFan’sNotes一位球迷的评论Thee-mailwasinsomerespectssimilartoothernastylettersIreceive.这封电子邮件在某些方面与我收到的其他刻薄的信件相似。IttookmetotaskformycommentsontheLosAngelesDodgersandarguedthatIhadgoteverythingwrong.它痛斥我对洛杉矶道奇队的评论，并争辩说我把一切全都搞错了。However,thenotewasdifferentfromtheothersinatleasttwoways.然而，这个评论与其他的评论至少有两个方面不同。Thisnotecontainedmoredetailsthantheusual“You’reanidiot.”与通常那些“你是个白痴”的评论不同的是，这一评论含有更多的细节。Itincludedvitalstatisticsontheteam’sperformance.它包含了该队比赛表现的关键数据。ItwaswrittenbysomeonewhoknewtheLosAngelesDodgersaswellasIthoughtIdid.写这篇评论的人对洛杉矶道奇队的了解绝不亚于我自认为对它的了解。Andthisnotewassigned.Thewri