外教社新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列（修订版）：综合教程（第3版） 第1册 Unit 5 Lecture Notes

Unit5HollywoodSectionOnePre-readingActivitiesI.Lead-inDrawyourmindmapwiththeheadword“Hollywood”.Whatdoestheword“Hollywood“suggesttoyou?Whatwordsisitassociatedwithinyourmind?Writedownasmanyaspossible.Showyourmindmaptotheclassafteryouhavefinishedit.Thisisanopenquestion.Answerstothequestionmayvary.Whiletalkingaboutvariousassociations,boththeteacherandthestudentsareexpectedtousesomekeywordsinthetext.Forexample,theyaresupposedtouse“studio"and"shootmotionpictures''atthementionofUniversalStudioThemePark,“amphitheatre"atthementionofHollywoodBowl,“starlet"and“immortal“atthementionoftheHollywoodWalkofFame,“luxurious"and"glamour“atthementionofBeverleyHills,"motionpicturecorporation^^atthementionofParamountorWarnerBros,orMGM,etc.Notethesearekeywordsinthetextandmostofthemturnupinthe“Listofwordsandexpressionsfocusedonintheexercisesbelow^^.Il.CulturalinformationQuoteFredAllen:YoucantakeallthesincerityinHollywood,placeitinthenavelofafireflyandstillhaveroomenoughforthreecarawayseedsandaproducer'sheart.HollywoodHollywoodisaneighborhoodinLosAngeles,California-situatedwest-northwestofDowntownLosAngeles.Duetoitsfameandculturalidentityasthehistoricalcenterofmoviestudiosandmoviestars,theword''Hollywood'1isoftenusedasametonymyofAmericancinema,andisofteninterchangeablyusedtorefertothegreaterLosAngelesareaingeneral.Thenicknames"StarStruckTown"and"Tinseltown"refertoHollywoodanditsmovieindustry.Today,muchofthemovieindustryhasdispersedintosurroundingareassuchastheWestsideneighborhood,butsignificantauxiliaryindustries,suchasediting,effects,props,post-productionandlightingcompaniesremaininHollywood,asdoesthebacklotofParamountPictures.ManyhistoricHollywoodtheatersareusedasvenuesandconcertstagestopremieremajortheatricalreleasesandhosttheAcademyAwards.Itisapopulardestinationfornightlife,tourism,andishometotheHollywoodWalkofFame.Black-and-WhiteMovieBlackandwhite,oftenabbreviatedB/WorB&W,andhyphenatedblack-and-whitewhenusedasanadjective,isanyofseveralmonochromeformsinvisualarts.Black-and-whiteimagesarenotusuallystarklycontrastedblackandwhite.Theycombineblackandwhiteinacontinuumproducingarangeofshadesofgray.Further,manyprints,especiallythoseproducedearlierinthedevelopmentofphotography,wereinsepia(mainlyfbrarchivalstability),whichyieldedricher,subtlershadingthanreproductionsinplainblack-and-white.Colorphotographyprovidesamuchgreaterrangeofshade,butpartoftheappealofblack-and-whitephotographyisitsmoresubduedmonochromaticcharacter.BeverleyHillsBeverlyHills,locatedinLosAngeles,USA,hasthetitleofuthemostprestigiousresidentialareaintheworld1'andisregardedastherepresentativeandsymbolofwealthandfame.ItislocatedonthecoolPacificcoastatthefootoftheBeverlyHills.BeverlyHillsisthedreamlandinthemindoftheworld-famousrichpeopleintheworld.AsthemostfamouscitywithinthecityofLosAngeles,therearethemostupscalecommercialstreetsintheworld,aswellasnumerousmansionsofHollywoodstars;italsoservesastheholylandoftheworldmoviecircle.Everyyear,BeverlyHillsattractsmillionsoftouristsfromallovertheworld.Thereisacollectionoftheworld'stopfashionbrands.Eachstoreisresplendent,carvedmarblewithbrassdoors.Archfountainmakesthisstreetsuddenlylookmoreimposingandextraordinary.Nowitistheworld'smostexpensiveshoppingcenter.HollywoodBowlHollywoodBowl,amodemamphitheaterat2301NorthHighlandAvenueinHollywood,California,wasoriginallythemusicperformancevenue.Itofficiallyopenedin1922inthenaturaltheaterspaceknownasDaisyDellandhasbeenasummervenuefbrtheLosAngelesphilharmoniceversince.TheHollywoodBowlOrchestraisalsothevenueforasmalllocalband,theHollywoodBowlOrchestra.ThemostfamousfeatureoftheHollywoodamphitheaterisitsbandshell,aconcentricarchthathasgracedthetheatersince1929.PopularartistssuchasCher,FrankSinatra,TheBeatles,PinkFloydandJudyGarlandhaveallperformedonstage.AttheendofsomeWarnercartoons,pigsays,"Look...View...People,to...Morethanjust...It*sall,'1andcartoonfansmaynoticethatpig'sstagesettingresemblestheHollywoodBowl;Whetherthiswasintentionalisdebatable(however,theamphitheaterdidappearinmanyofWamefscartoonskits,atleastonceinthenaughtyPinkPanthercartoonandonceintheTomandJerrycartoon).ThefamousHollywoodSign,visibleafewmilestothenortheast,alsoaddstotheatmosphere.III.AudiovisualsupplementsWatchavideoclipandanswerthefollowingquestions.Doyouknowtheactorinthevideo?Howdoyouthinkhisperformance?Nowadaysintheshowbusiness,starswereoftentypecastaccordingtotheaudiences,preference.Howdoyouthinkthestarsshouldbehaveintheirdailylives?AnswerstotheQuestions:Yes,heisMr.Bean.Imeanthecharacterintheopera.Theaclor'snameisRowanAtkinson.Hisperformanceisveryfannyandexquisite.Open.VideoScript:Teacher:Ladiesandgentlemen,youmayopentheenvelopescontainingyourpapers.Theexamstarts...now.SectionTwoGlobalReadingI.MainideaWhatinformationdoesthetextpresent?ThetextprovidesinformationaboutthepastandthepresentofHollywood.MovieswerefirstmadeinHollywoodbeforeWorldWarI.Hollywood'sfameandfortunereacheditspeakinthe1930sand1940s,thegoldendaysofblackandwhitemovies.TodaymostoftheHollywoodstudioshavebeenleasedtotelevisionnetworks.ThereisalsotheattractiveHollywoodBowl.TheoldHollywoodmovieswillbeshownagainandagaininmoviehousesandtelevisionscreensallovertheworld.Listafewsentencesfromthetextthatpresentthemajorinformationofthetext.Hollywoodsuggestsglamour,aplacewheretheyoungstar-struckteenagerscould,withabitofluck,fulfilltheirdreams.(Paragraph1)TheconstantsunshineandmildclimateofsouthernCaliforniamadeitanidealsiteforshootingmotionpictures.Hollywood'sfameandfortunereacheditspeakinthe1930sand1940s,thegoldendaysofblackandwhitemovies.(Paragraph2)InthosedaysHollywoodwaslikeamagnet,drawingambitiousyoungmenandwomenfromallovertheworld.(Paragraph3)Asforthestarsthemselves,theywereheldonatightreinbythestudiochiefswhocouldmakeorbreakallbutthestarswithreallybigappeal.(Paragraph4)Hollywood,aboveall,hastheglamourofthepast.Itisanamewhichwillalwaysbeassociatedwithmotionpicture-making.(Paragraph9)II.Structuralanalysis1.Thetextbeginswiththesentence“Hollywoodsuggestsglamour,...”Thisideaisechoedtowardstheendofthetext,i.e.inParagraphs7-9.Canyouexplainhowthisisdone?ThefirstsentenceofParagraph7,"Hollywoodisnolongertheheartoftheword'smotionpictureindustry,MseemstosuggestthattheglamourofHollywoodnolongerexists.ButthefirstwordofParagraph8,"Yet,"suggeststhatthisisnotentirelytrue.AndthelastparagraphstronglyassertsthatHollywoodisstillaglamourousplace.2.Workoutthestructureofthetextbycompletingthetable.Paragraph(s)Mainidea1ItprovidesabriefintroductiontoHollywood.2-8ItprovidesreaderswithsomemajorfactsaboutHollywood.9Hollywood,aboveall,hastheglamourofthepast.SectionThreeDetailedReadingTextIHollywood1Hollywoodsuggestsglamour,aplacewhereyoungstar-struckteenagers2could,withabitofluck,fulfilltheirdreams.Hollywoodsuggestsluxurioushouseswithvastpalm-fringedswimmingpools,cocktailbarsandfurnishingsfitforamillionaire.Andthebigmoviestarsweremillionaires.Manyspenttheirfortunesonyachts,Rolls-Royces3anddiamonds.Afewofthemlosttheirglamourquitesuddenlyandwereleftwithnothingbutemptinessandcolossaldebts.MovieswerefirstmadeinHollywoodbeforeWorldWarI.TheconstantsunshineandmildclimateofsouthernCalifornia4madeitanidealsiteforshootingmotionpictures.Hollywood'sfameandfortunereacheditspeakinthe1930sand1940s,thegoldendaysofblackandwhitemovies.Mostofthefamousmotionpicturecorporationsofthosedays,Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer5,ColumbiaandWarnerBrothers6,arestillverymuchinbusinessandgreatstarslikeGretaGarbo7.MarleneDietrich8,CharlieChaplin,9GaryCooper10,andmanyothersbesides,havebecomeimmortal.InthosedaysHollywoodwaslikeamagnet,drawingambitiousyoungmenandwomenfromallovertheworld.Mostofthemhadonlytheirgoodlookstorecommendthemandhadnoactingexperience-一orability-一whatsoever.Occasionallytheygotjobs,iftheywereluckyenoughtobenoticed.GaryCooperwasoneofthefewwhowasnoticed.Hestartedasastuntrider11,andfromthererosetobeoneofthegreatstarsoftheearlyWesterns12.Manyofthegirlsgotjobsincafesorgasstations,andastheyservedtheircustomerstheytossedtheirheadsandswungtheirhips,hopingtoattracttheattentionofsomeimportantpersonconnectedwiththemovies.Mostofthemhopedinvain.Asforthestarsthemselves,theywereheldonatightreinbythestudiochiefswhocouldmakeorbreakallbutthestarswithreallybigappeal.Thestarswerepersuadedtosignseven-yearcontracts,duringwhichtimethestudiosbuiltuptheirimages.4Undertheircontractsthestarsdidnothavetherighttochoosetheirparts.Theirstudiosdecidedeverything.NocountryintheworldhasdevelopedsoexpertlytheskillofadvertisingastheAmericans.5Theyadvertiseeverything,fromicecreamtocandidatesforthepresidency.TheHollywoodstudios,bymeansofadvertising,turnedstarletsintosuperstars.Manystudiochiefsweretyrants,determinedtogettheirownwayatallcosts,nomatterhowunscrupulousthemeans.Starswereoftentypecastandifheorsheappealedtothepublicasalover,thenheorshealwaysplayedthepartofalover.Astarwhowasahitasacowboyorabadguygotthesamekindofroleagainandagain.Therewaslittlearguing,^you'retheperfectdumbblond13,baby,andthat'showyou'regoingtostay,^^theywouldsay.Theyeventriedtointerfereintheirstars'privatelives:No,sugar14!Youjustcan'tmarryMelBilligan.He'stoointellectual.He'ddestroyyourimage.Onlywhentheyceasedtobestarsdidsomeofthemdiscoverthattheywerealsogoodactors!MoviestarslikeBetteDavis15,KatherineHepburn16,SpencerTracy17andJamesMason18gavedistinguishedperformancesincharacterpartsaswellasleadingroles.Hollywoodisnolongertheheartoftheworld'smotionpictureindustry.Mostmoviestodayarefilmedonlocation,thatistosay,inthecities,inthecountrysideandinanypartoftheworldthatthescriptdemands.TheHollywoodstudiosarestillstanding,butmostofthemhavebeenleasedtotelevisionnetworks.About80%ofallAmericanTVentertainmentcomesfromHollywood.YetHollywoodhasnotlostallitsglamour.Moviestarsstilllivethere,orinneighboringBeverleyHills19,andsodomanyofthefamousandwealthypeoplewhohavemadetheirhomesinsouthernCalifornia.ThereisalsotheattractiveHolly-woodBow20,thehugeoutdooramphitheaterwhereeverysummersince1922“Sym-phoniesundertheStars”areplayedbyAmerica'sbestorchestrasbeforepackedaudiences.Hollywood,aboveall,hastheglamourofthepast.Itisanamewhichwillalwaysbeassociatedwithmotionpicturemaking,andformanyyearstocometheoldHollywoodmovieswillbeshownagainandagaininmoviehousesandtelevisionscreensallovertheworld.Paragraph1QuestionsWhatmainfactsarementionedinthefirstparagraph?Hollywoodsuggestsaglamorousplacewheretoyoungstar-struckteenagers,whilealuxuryplacetobigmoviestarswhoaremillionaires.Pleasepointoutthecontrastmentionedinthefirstparagraph.Manyofthebigmoviestarsbecamemillionaires,livinginluxurioushouseswithvastpalm-fringedswimmingpools,spendingtheirfortunesonyachts,Rolls-Roycesanddiamonds.Butafewofthemlosttheirglamoursuddenlyandwereleftwithnothingbutemptinessandcolossaldebts.TherearemanywordsusedinthisparagraphtobuildanimageofHollywood.Pleasefindthemout,andthinkaboutwhytheauthorusesthesewords?Thosewordsare:glamour,luxurious,vast,palm-fringed,cocktail,furnishings,yachts,Rolls-Royces,diamonds.AllthesewordsmayvividlybuildanextravagantimageofHollywoodlife.WordsandExpressionsglamour:〃.，theexcitingandcharmingqualityofsth.unusualorspecial,withamagicalpowerofattractione.g.Foreigntravelhasneverlostitsglamourforme.对我来说，出国旅游从未失去它的魅力。Sheisalwaysattractedbytheglamourofajobinthepopmusicbusiness.她总是被流行音乐行业的魅力所吸引«strongpersonalattraction,esp.sexuallyexcitingbeauty,whichexcitesadmiratione.g.Sophiaaddedatouchofglamourbywearingabeautifuldress.索菲亚换了一件漂亮的裙子，更增添了一份魅力。Derivations:glamorous:adj.glamorize:vt.Synonyms:attractiveness,charmfulfill:vt.carryoutapromise;satisfyadesire,prayer,etc.e.g.Thatmanoftenfailstofulfillhispromise,soheisnottrusted.那个人经常不履行诺言，所以失去了信任。Ifheislazy,hewillneverfulfillhisambitiontobeadoctor.如果他懒惰，将永远不会实现成为一名医生的抱负。performorcarryoutaduty,task,etc,;answerorsatisfyaneedorpurposee.g.Theconditionsofthecontractmustbefulfilledexactly.合同的条件必须严格履行。Anursehasmanydutiestofulfillincaringforthesick.护士在照顾病人方面要履行许多职责。finishorcompleteaperiodorpieceofworke.g.Theyfulfilledtheirproject30daysaheadoftime.他们提前30天完成了项目。Derivations:fulfilled:adj.fulfillment:n.Comparison:fulfill,realizerealize:makeactualorrealsomethingthathaspreviouslyexistedonlyasaplanordesireCollocation:fulfilloneself:fullydevelopone'sabilitiesandcharactere.g.Hewasabletofulfillhimselfthroughmusic.他能通过音乐充分发挥自己的才能。Exercise:Choosetheproperwordinitsappropriateformtofilleachblankinthefollowingsentences,fulfill realizeTheyalltheboss'sdemandsjusttopleasehim.(fulfilled)Itwasreallydishearteningthatourworstfearswere.(realized)Thetravellinglibraryanimportantneedforpeoplewholiveincountryareas,(fulfills)colossal:adj.extremelylarge;ofimmensesize;remarkable;splendide.g.Itrequiresgovernmentspendingonacolossalscale.它需要政府大规模支出。Derivation:colossus:n.Synonyms:remarkable;splendidAntonym:smallSentenceHollywoodsuggestsglamour,aplacewheretheyoungstar-struckteenagerscould,withabitofluck,fulfilltheirdreams.(Paragraph1)Explanation'.Tomostpeople,Hollywoodmeansexcitementandattraction,aplacewhereyoungteenagers,deeplyfascinatedbybigstars,could,withabitofluck,realizetheirdreams.Translation.好莱坞意味着魅力，是那些憧憬靠小运气就能成为大明星的少男少女们美梦成真的地方。Activity:MakingaStoryDirection:Makeashortstorybygroupdiscussion.Usethewords“glamour,fulfill,colossal”inParagraph1.Therepresentativefromeachgroupshouldtellthestoryinfrontoftheclassandwillbejudgedbyothergroups.Paragraphs2-8QuestionsWhatdoyouknowaboutthehistoryofHollywoodandwhendiditreachitsgreatestsuccess?(Paragraph2)A：MovieswerefirstmadeinHollywoodbeforeWorldWarIwithahistoryofabout100years.Hollywoodreacheditspeakinthe1930sand1940s,thegoldendaysofblackandwhitemovies.CouldalltheambitiousyoungmenandwomenfromallovertheworldrealizetheirdreamswhentheycametoHollywood?(Paragraph3)A：No.Occasionallytheygotjobs,iftheywereluckyenoughtobenoticed.Manyofthegirlsgotjobsincafesorgasstations.Butmostofthemhopedinvain.WhatdoyouknowaboutHollywoodstudiosandthestudiochiefs?(Paragraphs4-5)A:Thestudiochiefs“persuaded“thestarstosignseven-yearcontractstobuilduptheirimages.Thestarswerenotentitledtochoosetheirpartswhilethechiefsdecidedeverythingasatyrant.TheHollywoodstudiosturnedstarletsintosuperstarsbyadvertising.WhydoestheauthorusequotationmarksforthewordpersuadedinParagraph4?(Paragraph4)A:Theauthorusesquotationmarkstosuggestthatthestarswereactuallyforcedtosignseven-yearcontracts.Whydoestheauthorsaystudiochiefsweretyrants?(Paragraph5)A:Theyweredeterminedtogettheirownwayatallcosts,nomatterhowunscrupulousthemeans.Howdoyouunderstandthestatementthatstarswereoftentypecast?(Paragraph6)A:Astaractstheroleaccordingtotheimpressionheorsheleftonthepublic.WhyHollywoodisnolongertheheartoftheworld'smotionpictureindustry?(Paragraph7)A:Becausemostmoviestodayarefilmedonlocation,thatistosay,inthecities,inthecountrysideandinanypartoftheworldthatthescriptdemands.WordsandExpressionsconstant:adj.fixedorunchanging;invariableegPressureinthecontainerremainsconstant.容器内的压力保持不变。continuallyhappeningorrepeated;regulare.g.Theentranceisinconstantuse;donotlockit.这个入口经常使用，不要锁上。loyal;faithfule.g.Sheisaconstantfriendofmine.她是我忠实的朋友。Derivation:constancy:n.Synonym:continuousComparison:constant,continuouscontinuous:referringexclusivelytosomethingthatisunbrokenthroughoutitsentirelength,greatorsmall,whetheritsextensionisthroughtimeorspace.Exercise:Choosetheproperwordtofilleachblankinthefollowingsentences.constantcontinuousDespiteitslargepopulation,therateofpopulationincreaseofIndiahasbeeninrecentyears,(constant)Manystudentspreferassessmenttoaonce-for-allapproach,(continuous)Thisvideoplayerprovideshigh-speeddubbingandplayfacility,(continuous)site:n./vt.thepieceoflandonwhichsomethingislocated(oristobelocated)/aplacewheresomethingimportantorinterestinghappenede.g.Itwasrebuiltonthesiteoftheoldbuilding.它是在旧楼的原址上重建的。assignalocationtoe.g.Therectoryissitedbehindthechurch.教区长的住宅位于教堂后面。Synonym:location/spot/installpeak:n.asharplypointedmountaintop;awholemountainwithapointedtop；thehighestpoint,levele.g.Theplaneflewoverthesnow-coveredmountainpeaks.飞机飞过白雪覆盖的山峰。thehighestpoint,level,value,rate,etc.;atimeofgreatestsuccesse.g.Trafficreachesapeakbetween8and9inthemorning.早上8点到9点是交通高峰期。She'satthepeakofhercareer.她正处于事业的巅峰。Comparisons:peak,summit,climaxsummit:thetopofamountain,orameetingbetweenheadsofgovernmentclimax:themostexciting,important,oreffectivepartinastory,experience,setofevents,etc,esneartheendExercise:Choosetheproperwordtofilleachblankinthefollowingsentences.peaksummitclimaxDemandforcoalisatitsinJanuaryandFebruary,(peak)Westernleadersarcgatheringforthisweek'sOttawa.(summit)Hisfirstbookwaspublishedwhenhewasattheofhispowers,(peak)Theofthefilmisabrilliantcarchase,(climax)immortal:adj.thatwillneverdie;thatwillliveforever;thatwillcontinueorberememberedforalongtimee.g.Thesoulisimmortal.灵魂是不朽的。Shakespearewrotemanyimmortalplays.莎士比亚写了许多不朽的戏剧。Derivations:immortality:n.immortalize:v.Antonym:mortale.g.Allhumanbeingsaremortal.人皆有一死。ambitious:adj.havingastrongdesireforsuccess,power,wealth,etc.e.g.Heisanambitiousyoungman,studyinghardtobeascientist.他是一个雄心勃勃的年轻人，努力学习，想成为科学家。showingorresultingfromadesiretodosth.difficultorsth.thatdemandsgreateffort,unusualskill,etc.e.g.Hisnextproductionwasaveryambitiousmusical.他的下一部作品是一部野心勃勃的音乐剧。Derivation:ambitiously:adv.ambitiousness:n.ambition:n.Antonym:unambitiousTranslation:有抱负的学生才能取得最好的成绩。Onlyambitiousstudentscangetbestmarks.他推出的下一部作品是难度很大的音乐喜剧。Hisnextproductionwasaveryambitiousmusicalcomedy.recommend:v.praiseasbeinggoodtorapurpose;provideinformationaboutsb.orsth.e.g.Whatwouldyourecommendforremovinginkstains?你对去除墨迹有什么建议？Shewasstronglyrecommendedforthepost.她被大力推荐担任这个职务。adviseorsuggestasacorrectorsuitablecourseofactione.g.Iwouldn'trecommendyoutogotherealone.我不建议你一个人去那里。Irecommendthatyouresign.我建议你辞职。Derivations:recommendatory:adj.recommender:n.recommendation:n.recommendable:adj.Collocations:recommendsb./sth.(tosb.)recommendsb.for/assth.recommendthat...itisrecommendedthat...torecommendsb.todosth.torecommenddoingst.persuade:v.makesb.willingtodosth.byreasoning,arguing,repeatedlyaskinge.g.Youtryandpersuadehertocomeoutwithus.你试着说服她和我们一起出门。Howcanwepersuadehimintojoiningus?我们怎样才能说服他加入我们？Hepersuadedhisdaughtertochangehermind他说服女儿改变主意。causetobelieveorfeelcertain;convincee.g.Iamnotfullypersuadedbytheevidence.我没有完全被这些证据说服。Wearepersuadedofthejusticeofhercase.我们相信她的案件是公正的。Derivations:persuasion:n.persuasiveness:n.persuasive:adj.persuasively:adj.persuadable:adj.Collocations:o/outofsth.persuadesb.ofsth.Comparisons:persuade,convincepersuade:tomakesomeoneagreetodosomethingbygivingthemgoodreasonsfordoingit.convince:tomakesomeonebelievethatsomethingistrue.Itisquitecommon,however,foreachofthesewordstobeusedwithbothmeanings,especiallyforconvincetobeusedasasynonymforpersuade.ButsomespeakersofBrEthinkthatthisisnotcorrect.Exercise:Choosetheproperwordtofilleachblankinthefollowingsentences,persuadeconvinceItriedtohertoseeadoctor,(persuade)Hehadfinallyseveralcustomersoftheadvantagesofhisproduct,(convinced)Hemehewasright,(convince)Ittriestolocalpeopletogrowtheirownfoodandeatmorehealthily,(persuade)expertly:adv,inawaytypicalofanexpert;inaskillfulmannere.g.NeverhaveIseenanyonehandlesuchatoughsituationasexpertlyashe.他如此熟练地处理如此棘手的局面，真是罕见。Derivations:expert:n./adj.expertness:n.expertise:n.Collocations:expertat/in/onsth./doingsth.e.g.Heisexpertat/incookinggoodcheapmeals.他擅长做价廉物美的饭菜。Synonym:skillfullycandidate:someonewhoisbeingconsideredforajoboriscompetinginanelectione.g.Iproposedhimfor(as)candidate.我建议他作为候选人。Synonym:examineeDerivations:candidacy:n.presidency:thepositionofbeingthepresidentofacountryororganization,ortheperiodoftimeduringwhichsomeoneispresident.e.g.1)RooseveltwaselectedfourtimestothepresidencyoftheUS.罗斯福四次当选美国总统。HewasaWhiteHouseofficialduringtheBushpresidency.他在布什总统任期内是白宫官员。Derivations:presidential:adj.president:n.presidentship:n.atallcosts:atanycost;whateverthecost;nomatterwhatthecoste.g.Wemustatallcostspreventthemfromfindingoutabouttheplan.我们必须不惜一切代价阻止他们发现这个计划。Wemustavoidwaratallcosts.我们必须不惜一切代价避免战争。Phrases:atthecostof:involvingthelossorsacrificeofsth.toone'scost:fromone'sownunpleasantexperienceExercise:Choosetheproperphrasetofilleachblankinthefollowingsentences.atallcoststoone'scostatthecostofAsIlearnedwhenIwasillinNewYork,youshouldalwaystakeoutmedicalinsurancebeforeyougoabroad.(tomycost)Wemustwinthegame.(atallcosts)Shesavedhimfromdrowningbutonlyherownlife.(atthecostof)unscrupulous:completelywithoutprinciples;notcaringabouthonestyorfairnessinordertogetwhatonewantse.g.Hebecameamillionairebyresortingtounscrupulousmethods.他靠不择手段成了百万富翁。Derivations:unscrupulously:adv.unscrupulousness:n.arguing:acontentiousspeechact;adisputewherethereisstrongdisagreement.e.g.Whatareyouarguingwiththemabout?你在和他们争论什么？Derivations:argue:v.argument:n.argumentation:n.argumentative:adj.arguable:adj.argumentative:adv.arguably:adv.Collocation:arguewith/about/forinterfere:v.enterinortakepartinamatterwhichdoesnotconcernone,andinwhichoneisnotwantede.g.Itisunwisetointerferebetweenhusbandandwife.干涉夫妻之间的事是不明智的。Don'tinterfereinmattersthatdonotconcernyou!不要干涉与你无关的事！Derivations:interference:erferometer:erfering:adj.Collocation:interfereinerferebetweensb.anderferewitherferewithsth.destroy:v.damage(something)soseverelythatitcannotberepaired;putanendtotheexistenceofsomethinge.g.Theyhavedestroyedalltheevidence.他们已经销毁了所有的证据。Allhopesofapeacefulsettlementweredestroyedbyhisspeech.他的讲话毁掉了双方和解的一切希望。Derivations:destruction:n.destructive:adj.Synonyms:ruin,wreckcease:ustop(esp.anactivityorstate)e.g.Theofficerorderedhismentoceasefire.军官命令他的士兵停火。Hostilitiesbetweenthetwosidesceasedatmidnight.双方的敌对行动于午夜停止。Derivations:cease:n.ceaseless:adj.notstopping;withoutendCollocation:withoutcease:withoutstopping;continuouslyceasetobeceasefromdistinguished:adj.havingexcellentqualityorgreatfameandrespecte.g.Theactorgaveadistinguishedperformanceonthestagelastnight.这位演员昨晚在舞台上表演得很出色。Hehasbecomeadistinguishedmanforhisscientificachievements.他因科学成就而出人头地。Derivations:distinction:n.distinctiveness:n.distinguish:v.distinctive:adj.distinct:adj.distinguishable:adj.Antonym:undistinguishedperformance:n.theactionoranactofperforming(acharacterin)aplay,apieceofmusic,tricks,etc.,hepresenceofthepublice.g.Hisperformanceof"Hamlet"wassuperb.他在《哈姆雷特》中表演得很棒。TheorchestrawillgivetwomoreperformancesbeforeleavingBritain.这个管弦乐队在离开英国前将再演出两场。theactionormannerofcarryingoutanactivity,pieceofwork,etc.e.g.Shewonagoldmedalforherfineperformanceinthecontest.她在比赛中表现出色，赢得了一枚金牌。Hisperformanceinthetestwasnotgoodenough.他的考试成绩不够好。Derivations:perform:v.performer:n.Collocation:inperformance:performinginaconcertorotherentertainmente.g.Comeandseeherinperformancewiththenewband.来看看她和新乐队的演出吧。SentencesTheconstantsunshineandmildclimateofsouthernCaliforniamadeitanidea)siteforshootingmotionpictures.(Paragraph2)Paraphrase:SouthernCaliforniausuallyenjoyssunshineandboastsamildclimate,whichmadeitanexcellentplaceformakingmovies.Hollywood'sfameandfortunereacheditspeakinthe1930sand1940s,thegoldendaysofblackandwhitemovies.(Paragraph2)Paraphrase:Hollywood'sfameandfortunerosetoitshighestpointinthe1930sand1940s,whenthebestblackandwhitemovieswereproducedinabundanceandbecameverypopular.Mostofthemhadonlytheirgoodlookstorecommendthemandhadnoactingexperience—orability•一whatsoever.(Paragraph3)Explanation'.Thephrase“mostof*cannotbeusedbeforeanounthathasnodeterminer(article,possessiveordemonstrativeword).Youcansay"mostofthepeople11,or“mostofthesepeople**,but