考研翻译基础篇解读课件

考研翻译基础篇考研翻译基础篇1考研翻译是什么?2010.46.(page181,passage14)Scientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidencetotheeffectthatinsectswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem.rescue营救,拯救distinctly明显地shaky摇晃的totheeffectthat大意是,意思是insects昆虫考研翻译是什么?2Scientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidencetotheeffectthatinsectswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem.1.科学家跳到了营救,带着一些明显摇晃的证据,大意是说:昆虫将吃光我们,如果鸟失败控制它们.1)“带着…证据”显然不符合汉语习惯,→”用(使用)…证据2)if引导的条件状语从句,“昆虫将…,如果…”→”如果…昆虫将…”3)“失败…”→”不能(做)…”2.科学家跳到了营救,他们使用一些明显摇晃的证据,大意是说:如果鸟不能控制昆虫,昆虫将吃光我们.Scientistsjumpedtotherescu3科学家跳到了营救,他们使用一些明显摇晃的证据,大意是说:如果鸟不能控制昆虫,昆虫将吃光我们.“跳到了营救”显然不符合汉语表达“摇晃的证据”亦不属于中文表述.科学家急忙介入,但提出的证据显然站不住脚,这些证据大意是,如果鸟类不能控制昆虫数量,昆虫便会吞噬我们人类.

(官方参考译文)可接受译法不可接受译法jumptotherescue迅速/急忙来救援(营救)跳起来营救shaky不可靠的,站不住脚的摇动的,颤抖的科学家跳到了营救,他们使用一些明显摇晃的证据,大意是说:如果4考研翻译就是”自己理解和使人理解”使人理解?==则取决于你的表达

考研翻译是什么?考研翻译=理解+表达

1.理解:难!2.表达:也不易,哎~理解与表达,哪个更重要?

考研翻译就是”自己理解和使人理解”52010.47.(page181,passage14)Butwehaveatleastdrawnnearerthepointofadmittingthatbirdsshouldcontinueasamatterofintrinsicright,regardlessofthepresenceorabsenceofeconomicadvantagetous.drawn(draw)拉,画,推断;向...移动,挨近intrinsic固有的,内在的,本质的regardlessof不管,不顾2010.47.(page181,passage6Butwehaveatleastdrawnnearerthepointofadmittingthatbirdsshouldcontinueasamatterofintrinsicright,regardlessofthepresenceorabsenceofeconomicadvantagetous.但是我们已经至少挨近一个观点,承认鸟应该继续作为一种固有权利的东西,不管对我们的经济优势的存在或者缺失.1)“鸟应该继续作为一种固有权利的东西”→”鸟应该作为一种有权利的东西继续(活)下去”→”鸟应该有继续(活下去)的权利.”2)“经济优势”→”经济利益”3)“不管对我们的经济优势的存在或者缺失.“→不管它们对我们是否存在经济利益.Butwehaveatleastdrawnnea7Butwehaveatleastdrawnnearerthepointofadmittingthatbirdsshouldcontinueasamatterofintrinsicright,regardlessofthepresenceorabsenceofeconomicadvantagetous.但我们至少已经挨近了一个观点,承认鸟应该有继续活下去的权利,不管它们对我们是否存在经济利益.(正确)但我们至少近乎承认,无论鸟类能否带给我们经济价值,它们自有生存下去的权利.(官方参考译文)Butwehaveatleastdrawnnea8评分参考II.阅读理解C节:5小题,每题2分,共10分.●如果句子译文明显扭曲原文意思,该句得分最多不超过0.5分.明显扭曲原文

←理解错误理解正确,但严重不符合汉语表达,酌情扣分(一般扣0.5)→理解更重要●如果考生就一个题目提供了两个或两个以上的译法,若均正确,得分;如果其中一个译法有错,按错误译法评分.●中文错别字不个别扣分,按整篇累计扣分.在不影响意思的前提下,满三个错别字扣0.5分,无0.25扣分.评分参考9如何理解考研翻译中的长难句?

句子的构成:词汇+句法

考研翻译解题核心策略:拆分

什么是拆分?长难句拆成短句,化繁为简怎么拆分?

拆分1:找出主干,拆开句子主干&修饰

如何理解考研翻译中的长难句?10什么是句子主干?句子的主干:主谓宾Insectswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem.Undermodernconditions,thisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.(2000.71,passage4)

varying多种多样的,不同的centralized集中的,中央的specialized专业的,专门的operational(操作的,经营的)research运筹学

什么是句子主干?11句子的主干:主谓宾Undermodernconditions,this(主)

requires(谓)varyingmeasures

(宾语中心词)ofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelp

(宾语中心词)ofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.(宾)什么是句子修饰?句子的修饰:定状补Undermodernconditions(状语),thisrequiresvarying(定语)

measures

ofcentralizedcontrol

(定语)andhencethehelp

ofspecializedscientists

(定语)

suchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts(定语).句子的主干:主谓宾122007.46.(page178,passage11)Traditionally,legallearninghasbeenviewedinsuchinstitutionsasthespecialpreserveoflawyers,ratherthananecessarypartofintellectualequipmentofaneducatedperson.institutions(教育,宗教)机构;制度;preserve专有活动(范围)intellectual知识的,智力的2007.46.(page178,passage13Traditionally,legallearning

hasbeenviewed

insuchinstitutionsas

thespecialpreserveoflawyers,ratherthananecessarypartofintellectualequipmentofaneducatedperson.主语legallearning,谓语hasbeenviewedas,宾语thespecialpreserveoflawyers,&anecessarypartofintellectualequipmentofaneducatedperson.ratherthan是并列连词,后面的句子成分也是宾语,(经典的AofBofC结构).insuchinstitutions是地点状语.Traditionally,legallearning14拆分长句,除了有助理解&表达,还可以有助?得分.Traditionally,legallearninghasbeenviewedinsuchinstitutionsas/thespecialpreserveoflawyers,/ratherthananecessarypartofintellectualequipmentofaneducatedperson.Traditionally,legallearninghasbeenviewedin①0.5分suchinstitutionsas

//thespecialpreserveof

②0.5分lawyers,//ratherthananecessarypartof

③1分

intellectualequipmentofaneducatedperson.拆分点和评分点基本或完全重合!拆分长句,除了有助理解&表达,还可以有助?15可接受译法不可接受译法institution大学,机构legallearning法律学习,学习法律合法的学习specialpreserveoflawyers律师的特权,律师的特有领域专门为律师服务,作为特殊的律师intellectualequipment知识储备,知识体系知识装备,知识设备,智力工具,智力实验传统上,这些院校一直把法律学习看成是律师专有的特权,而不是每一个受教育的人的必备的知识才能.(官方参考译文)可接受译法不可接受译法institution大学,机构leg162002.63.(page174,passage6)Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulatedonlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsago,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehaviorofindividualisonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.selection选择evolution进化formulate规划,明确的表达selective选择的

2002.63.(page174,passage17Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolution/

wasformulatedonlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsago,//andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehaviorofindividual/

isonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.两个并列的简单句;第1个句子主语Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolution,其主语中心词是therole,介词短语ofnatural…inevolution修饰therole;谓语wasformulated;而onlya…yearsago则是时间状语;第2个句子主语theselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshaping..individual,谓语isonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.Theroleofnaturalselection18Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolution

①0.5分//wasformulatedonlyalittlemorethana

②0.5分hundredyearsago,//

andtheselective

③0.5分roleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehaviorofindividual

//isonlybeginningtoberecognizedandsudied.④0.5分

Theroleofnaturalselection19可接受译法不可接受译法inevolution演化中进行过程中,进化论中,formulate阐述,表达,解释,揭示公式化,形成shaping塑造,造就,形成形状maintaining维护维修recognize承让,认可,意识到发现,认出,看到自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才被阐明,而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究.(官方参考译文)可接受译法不可接受译法inevolution演化中进行过20考研翻译基础篇解读课件21Therolewasformulated.简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语);Therolewasformulated,andtheselectiveroleisonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.并列句:由并列连词把两个(两个以上)的简单句连在一起考研翻译的句子基本都是复合句拆分2:拆开“主句&从句”复合句:由一个主句和一个(一个以上)的从句构成;主句是全句的主体,可以独立存在;从句是整个复合句的一个句子成分,它有自己的主语和谓语,但从句不能独立存在;Therolewasformulated.22ThatChinaisahotbedforpiracyisnothingnew.(MSN)hotbed温床ThatChinaisahotbedforpiracyisnothingnew.(MSN)主语从句Privately,theChineseconcedethatpiracyisrampant.(CNN)concede承认,rampant猖獗的Privately,theChineseconcedethatpiracyisrampant.

宾语从句Theproblemisnotthattheydon‘tunderstandpiracy.Theproblemisnotthattheydon‘tunderstandpiracy.

表语从句

ThatChinaisahotbedforpir23Chinahasalsolaunchedawebsitemakingpiracycasespublic.(BBC)launch开办Chinahasalsolaunchedawebsite

makingpiracycasespublic.(BBC)launch开办定语从句Thestudyprovidesanestimationoflossesduetopiracyin2015ifnosignificantmeasuresareadoptedtotacklepiracy.(UNESCO)estimation估计,tackle解决Thestudyprovidesanestimationoflossesduetopiracyin2015ifnosignificantmeasuresareadoptedtotacklepiracy.(条件)状语从句

Chinahasalsolaunchedawebs24无论主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,还是同位语从句,由于它们在整个复合句中句子成分与名词的句子成分是一样的,因此它们都是名词性从句.

在整个复合句中充当定语,起形容词作用的从句叫定语从句.在整个复合句中充当状语,起副词作用的从句叫状语从句.

考研翻译基础篇解读课件252002.61.(page174,passage6)Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,humannature,andsoon.behavioral(behavior)行为的trace追溯,追踪,探究trait特性,特点2002.61.(page174,passage26Onedifficultyis//thatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralscience

/continuestotrace

behavior/tostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,humannature,andsoson.整个复合句中,主句是Onedifficultyisthat…that引导一个宾语从句(表语从句),其主语是almost…science,其中包含了一个主语从句whatiscalledbehavioralsciencewhat除了引导从句之外,还要在它所引导的从句中充当句子成分(主语/宾语),其意义相当于thatwhich或thething(s)which.谓语是continuestotrace…to,宾语是behavior,statesofmind…andsoon.Onedifficultyis//thatalmo27Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralscience//1分continuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,humannature,andsoon.//1分

难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全部都依旧从心态,情感,性格特征,人性等方面去找行为的根源.(官方参考译文)Onedifficultyisthatalmost282002.62.(page174,passage6)Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.behavioral(behavior)行为的explanatory(explain)解释的item条款,项目,一条,一项observe观察2002.62.(page174,passage29Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochange//partlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobserved//andpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.整个复合句中,主句是Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecause引导一个(原因)状语从句,其主语是theexplanatoryitems,谓语seemtobedirectlyobserved;andpartlybecause引导另一个(原因)状语从句,其主语是otherkindsofexplanations,谓语havebeen,宾语hard,宾补tofind.Thebehavioralscienceshaveb30Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochange//

0.5分partlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobserved//

1分andpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.//

0.5分行为科学之所以发展缓慢,部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察获得的,部分原因是其他方面的解释方式一直难以找到.(官方参考译文)Thebehavioralscienceshaveb312002.64.(page174,passage6)Theyarethepossessionsoftheautonomous(self-governing)manoftraditionaltheory,andtheyareessentialtopracticesinwhichapersonisheldresponsibleforhisconductandgivencreditforhisachievements.possession拥有,财产,所有autonomous自制的,自主的,credit信用,信誉,信任,学分achievements业绩,成就

2002.64.(page174,passage32Theyarethepossessionsoftheautonomous(self-governing)manoftraditionaltheory,//andtheyareessentialtopractices/inwhichaperson

isheldresponsibleforhisconductandgivencreditforhisachievements.整个句子由两个并列句构成,第1个并列句是1个简单句Theyarepossession…traditionaltheory,第2个并列句是一个复合句,其主句是theyareessentialtopractices,后面是which引导的定语从句,修饰先行词practices,定语从句中,主语是aperson,后面有2个并列的谓语部分:isheldresponsible…andgivencredit…Theyarethepossessionsofth33Theyarethepossessionsoftheautonomous(self-governing)manoftraditionaltheory,//

0.5分andtheyareessentialtopractices//0.5分inwhichapersonisheldresponsibleforhisconductandgivencreditforhisachievements.//

1分自由和尊严是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的,是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提.(官方参考译文)Theyarethepossessionsofth34Ifyouacceptthefactthatpiracyisaproblem,governmentneedstodosomething.()Ifyouacceptthefactthatpiracyisaproblem,governmentneedstodosomething.(条件)状语从句&同位语从句JaxonRicesaidthatwhileSouthAfrica'spiracyproblemisnotasbadasthatinChinaorBrazil,itstillpresentssignificantproblems.(BBC)

JaxonRicesaidthatwhileSouthAfrica'spiracyproblemisnotasbadasthatinChinaorBrazil,itstillpresentssignificantproblems.宾语从句&(让步)状语从句

Ifyouacceptthefactthat35ThecompanieshopethatthistechnologywilldiscouragecasualpiracyinwhichCDtracksareconvertedinMP3audiofiles.

(BBC)tracks(录制在CD,唱片或磁带上的)歌曲discourage阻止,convert转换ThecompanieshopethatthistechnologywilldiscouragecasualpiracyinwhichCDtracksareconvertedinMP3audiofiles.

宾语从句

&定语从句

36三大从句的任意组合例1:2009.49(page180,passage13)Sinceourchiefbusinesswiththemistoenablethemtoshareinacommonlifewecannothelpconsideringwhetherornotweareformingthepowerswhichwillsecurethisability.business商业,生意,事务,事情power能力,力量,权力三大从句的任意组合37Sinceourchiefbusinesswiththemistoenablethemtoshareinacommonlife//wecannothelpconsidering/whetherornotweareformingthepowers(whichwillsecurethisability).整个复合句中,Since…life是原因状语从句;其主语是ourchiefbusiness,谓语是is,宾语是toenable…life;wecannot…ability是主句;其主语是we,谓语是cannothelpconsidering,宾语是whether引导的宾语从句;宾语从句中,主语是we,谓语是areforming,宾语是power;whichwillsecurethisability是定语从句,修饰thepower;Sinceourchiefbusinesswith38Sinceourchiefbusinesswiththemistoenablethemtoshareinacommonlife//

0.5分wecannothelpconsidering//

0.5分whetherornotweareformingthepowers//

0.5分whichwillsecurethisability.//

0.5分由于我们对年轻人所做的首要工作在于使他们能够在生活中彼此相融,因此我们不禁要考虑自己是否在形成让他们获得这种能力的力量.(官方参考译文)Sinceourchiefbusinesswith39三大从句的组合例2:1997.71(page170,passage3)Actually,itisn’t,becauseitassumesthatthereisanagreedaccountofhumanrights,whichissomethingtheworlddoesnothave.assume假设,承担,认为agreed同意的,一致的account账户,账单,描述,报道,理由,认识三大从句的组合40Actually,itisn’t,//becauseitassumes/thatthereisanagreedaccountofhumanrights,/whichissomething(theworlddoesnothave.)整个复合句中,主句是Actually,itisn’t.becauseit…have.是原因状语从句.状语从句中,it是主语,assume是谓语,that引导一个宾语从句thereis…have.宾语从句中,which…have是一个定语从句,修饰anagreedaccount,定语从句中,含有一个省略了引导词that/which的定语从句theworlddoesnothave,修饰something.Actually,itisn’t,//because41事实并非如此,因为(这种问法)是以人们对人的权利有一种共识为基础的,而这种共识并不存在.

(官方参考译文)考研翻译基础篇解读课件42考研翻译基础篇考研翻译基础篇43考研翻译是什么?2010.46.(page181,passage14)Scientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidencetotheeffectthatinsectswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem.rescue营救,拯救distinctly明显地shaky摇晃的totheeffectthat大意是,意思是insects昆虫考研翻译是什么?44Scientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidencetotheeffectthatinsectswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem.1.科学家跳到了营救,带着一些明显摇晃的证据,大意是说:昆虫将吃光我们,如果鸟失败控制它们.1)“带着…证据”显然不符合汉语习惯,→”用(使用)…证据2)if引导的条件状语从句,“昆虫将…,如果…”→”如果…昆虫将…”3)“失败…”→”不能(做)…”2.科学家跳到了营救,他们使用一些明显摇晃的证据,大意是说:如果鸟不能控制昆虫,昆虫将吃光我们.Scientistsjumpedtotherescu45科学家跳到了营救,他们使用一些明显摇晃的证据,大意是说:如果鸟不能控制昆虫,昆虫将吃光我们.“跳到了营救”显然不符合汉语表达“摇晃的证据”亦不属于中文表述.科学家急忙介入,但提出的证据显然站不住脚,这些证据大意是,如果鸟类不能控制昆虫数量,昆虫便会吞噬我们人类.

(官方参考译文)可接受译法不可接受译法jumptotherescue迅速/急忙来救援(营救)跳起来营救shaky不可靠的,站不住脚的摇动的,颤抖的科学家跳到了营救,他们使用一些明显摇晃的证据,大意是说:如果46考研翻译就是”自己理解和使人理解”使人理解?==则取决于你的表达

考研翻译是什么?考研翻译=理解+表达

1.理解:难!2.表达:也不易,哎~理解与表达,哪个更重要?

考研翻译就是”自己理解和使人理解”472010.47.(page181,passage14)Butwehaveatleastdrawnnearerthepointofadmittingthatbirdsshouldcontinueasamatterofintrinsicright,regardlessofthepresenceorabsenceofeconomicadvantagetous.drawn(draw)拉,画,推断;向...移动,挨近intrinsic固有的,内在的,本质的regardlessof不管,不顾2010.47.(page181,passage48Butwehaveatleastdrawnnearerthepointofadmittingthatbirdsshouldcontinueasamatterofintrinsicright,regardlessofthepresenceorabsenceofeconomicadvantagetous.但是我们已经至少挨近一个观点,承认鸟应该继续作为一种固有权利的东西,不管对我们的经济优势的存在或者缺失.1)“鸟应该继续作为一种固有权利的东西”→”鸟应该作为一种有权利的东西继续(活)下去”→”鸟应该有继续(活下去)的权利.”2)“经济优势”→”经济利益”3)“不管对我们的经济优势的存在或者缺失.“→不管它们对我们是否存在经济利益.Butwehaveatleastdrawnnea49Butwehaveatleastdrawnnearerthepointofadmittingthatbirdsshouldcontinueasamatterofintrinsicright,regardlessofthepresenceorabsenceofeconomicadvantagetous.但我们至少已经挨近了一个观点,承认鸟应该有继续活下去的权利,不管它们对我们是否存在经济利益.(正确)但我们至少近乎承认,无论鸟类能否带给我们经济价值,它们自有生存下去的权利.(官方参考译文)Butwehaveatleastdrawnnea50评分参考II.阅读理解C节:5小题,每题2分,共10分.●如果句子译文明显扭曲原文意思,该句得分最多不超过0.5分.明显扭曲原文

←理解错误理解正确,但严重不符合汉语表达,酌情扣分(一般扣0.5)→理解更重要●如果考生就一个题目提供了两个或两个以上的译法,若均正确,得分;如果其中一个译法有错,按错误译法评分.●中文错别字不个别扣分,按整篇累计扣分.在不影响意思的前提下,满三个错别字扣0.5分,无0.25扣分.评分参考51如何理解考研翻译中的长难句?

句子的构成:词汇+句法

考研翻译解题核心策略:拆分

什么是拆分?长难句拆成短句,化繁为简怎么拆分?

拆分1:找出主干,拆开句子主干&修饰

如何理解考研翻译中的长难句?52什么是句子主干?句子的主干:主谓宾Insectswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem.Undermodernconditions,thisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.(2000.71,passage4)

varying多种多样的,不同的centralized集中的,中央的specialized专业的,专门的operational(操作的,经营的)research运筹学

什么是句子主干?53句子的主干:主谓宾Undermodernconditions,this(主)

requires(谓)varyingmeasures

(宾语中心词)ofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelp

(宾语中心词)ofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.(宾)什么是句子修饰?句子的修饰:定状补Undermodernconditions(状语),thisrequiresvarying(定语)

measures

ofcentralizedcontrol

(定语)andhencethehelp

ofspecializedscientists

(定语)

suchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts(定语).句子的主干:主谓宾542007.46.(page178,passage11)Traditionally,legallearninghasbeenviewedinsuchinstitutionsasthespecialpreserveoflawyers,ratherthananecessarypartofintellectualequipmentofaneducatedperson.institutions(教育,宗教)机构;制度;preserve专有活动(范围)intellectual知识的,智力的2007.46.(page178,passage55Traditionally,legallearning

hasbeenviewed

insuchinstitutionsas

thespecialpreserveoflawyers,ratherthananecessarypartofintellectualequipmentofaneducatedperson.主语legallearning,谓语hasbeenviewedas,宾语thespecialpreserveoflawyers,&anecessarypartofintellectualequipmentofaneducatedperson.ratherthan是并列连词,后面的句子成分也是宾语,(经典的AofBofC结构).insuchinstitutions是地点状语.Traditionally,legallearning56拆分长句,除了有助理解&表达,还可以有助?得分.Traditionally,legallearninghasbeenviewedinsuchinstitutionsas/thespecialpreserveoflawyers,/ratherthananecessarypartofintellectualequipmentofaneducatedperson.Traditionally,legallearninghasbeenviewedin①0.5分suchinstitutionsas

//thespecialpreserveof

②0.5分lawyers,//ratherthananecessarypartof

③1分

intellectualequipmentofaneducatedperson.拆分点和评分点基本或完全重合!拆分长句,除了有助理解&表达,还可以有助?57可接受译法不可接受译法institution大学,机构legallearning法律学习,学习法律合法的学习specialpreserveoflawyers律师的特权,律师的特有领域专门为律师服务,作为特殊的律师intellectualequipment知识储备,知识体系知识装备,知识设备,智力工具,智力实验传统上,这些院校一直把法律学习看成是律师专有的特权,而不是每一个受教育的人的必备的知识才能.(官方参考译文)可接受译法不可接受译法institution大学,机构leg582002.63.(page174,passage6)Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulatedonlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsago,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehaviorofindividualisonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.selection选择evolution进化formulate规划,明确的表达selective选择的

2002.63.(page174,passage59Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolution/

wasformulatedonlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsago,//andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehaviorofindividual/

isonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.两个并列的简单句;第1个句子主语Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolution,其主语中心词是therole,介词短语ofnatural…inevolution修饰therole;谓语wasformulated;而onlya…yearsago则是时间状语;第2个句子主语theselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshaping..individual,谓语isonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.Theroleofnaturalselection60Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolution

①0.5分//wasformulatedonlyalittlemorethana

②0.5分hundredyearsago,//

andtheselective

③0.5分roleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehaviorofindividual

//isonlybeginningtoberecognizedandsudied.④0.5分

Theroleofnaturalselection61可接受译法不可接受译法inevolution演化中进行过程中,进化论中,formulate阐述,表达,解释,揭示公式化,形成shaping塑造,造就,形成形状maintaining维护维修recognize承让,认可,意识到发现,认出,看到自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才被阐明,而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究.(官方参考译文)可接受译法不可接受译法inevolution演化中进行过62考研翻译基础篇解读课件63Therolewasformulated.简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语);Therolewasformulated,andtheselectiveroleisonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.并列句:由并列连词把两个(两个以上)的简单句连在一起考研翻译的句子基本都是复合句拆分2:拆开“主句&从句”复合句:由一个主句和一个(一个以上)的从句构成;主句是全句的主体,可以独立存在;从句是整个复合句的一个句子成分,它有自己的主语和谓语,但从句不能独立存在;Therolewasformulated.64ThatChinaisahotbedforpiracyisnothingnew.(MSN)hotbed温床ThatChinaisahotbedforpiracyisnothingnew.(MSN)主语从句Privately,theChineseconcedethatpiracyisrampant.(CNN)concede承认,rampant猖獗的Privately,theChineseconcedethatpiracyisrampant.

宾语从句Theproblemisnotthattheydon‘tunderstandpiracy.Theproblemisnotthattheydon‘tunderstandpiracy.

表语从句

ThatChinaisahotbedforpir65Chinahasalsolaunchedawebsitemakingpiracycasespublic.(BBC)launch开办Chinahasalsolaunchedawebsite

makingpiracycasespublic.(BBC)launch开办定语从句Thestudyprovidesanestimationoflossesduetopiracyin2015ifnosignificantmeasuresareadoptedtotacklepiracy.(UNESCO)estimation估计,tackle解决Thestudyprovidesanestimationoflossesduetopiracyin2015ifnosignificantmeasuresareadoptedtotacklepiracy.(条件)状语从句

Chinahasalsolaunchedawebs66无论主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,还是同位语从句,由于它们在整个复合句中句子成分与名词的句子成分是一样的,因此它们都是名词性从句.

在整个复合句中充当定语,起形容词作用的从句叫定语从句.在整个复合句中充当状语,起副词作用的从句叫状语从句.

考研翻译基础篇解读课件672002.61.(page174,passage6)Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,humannature,andsoon.behavioral(behavior)行为的trace追溯,追踪,探究trait特性,特点2002.61.(page174,passage68Onedifficultyis//thatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralscience

/continuestotrace

behavior/tostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,humannature,andsoson.整个复合句中,主句是Onedifficultyisthat…that引导一个宾语从句(表语从句),其主语是almost…science,其中包含了一个主语从句whatiscalledbehavioralsciencewhat除了引导从句之外,还要在它所引导的从句中充当句子成分(主语/宾语),其意义相当于thatwhich或thething(s)which.谓语是continuestotrace…to,宾语是behavior,statesofmind…andsoon.Onedifficultyis//thatalmo69Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralscience//1分continuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,humannature,andsoon.//1分

难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全部都依旧从心态,情感,性格特征,人性等方面去找行为的根源.(官方参考译文)Onedifficultyisthatalmost702002.62.(page174,passage6)Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.behavioral(behavior)行为的explanatory(explain)解释的item条款,项目,一条,一项observe观察2002.62.(page174,passage71Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochange//partlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobserved//andpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.整个复合句中,主句是Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecause引导一个(原因)状语从句,其主语是theexplanatoryitems,谓语seemtobedirectlyobserved;andpartlybecause引导另一个(原因)状语从句,其主语是otherkindsofexplanations,谓语havebeen,宾语hard,宾补tofind.Thebehavioralscienceshaveb72Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochange//

0.5分partlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobserved//

1分andpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.//

0.5分行为科学之所以发展缓慢,部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察获得的,部分原因是其他方面的解释方式一直难以找到.(官方参考译文)Thebehavioralscienceshaveb732002.64.(page174,passage6)Theyarethepossessionsoftheautonomous(self-governing)manoftraditionaltheory,andtheyareessentialtopracticesinwhichapersonisheldresponsibleforhisconductandgivencreditforhisachievements.possession拥有,财产,所有autonomous自制的,自主的,credit信用,信誉,信任,学分achievements业绩,成就

2002.64.(page174,passage74Theyarethepossessionsoftheautonomous(self-governing)manoftraditionaltheory,//andtheyareessentialtopractices/inwhichaperson

isheldresponsibleforhisconductandgivencreditforhisachievements.整个句子由两个并列句构成,第1个并列句是1个简单句Theyarepossession…traditionaltheory,第2个并列句是一个复合句,其主句是theyareessentialtopractices,后面是which引导的定语从句,修饰先行词practices,定语从句中,主语是aperson,后面有2个并列的谓语部分:isheldresponsible…andgivencredit…Theyarethepossessionsofth75Theyarethepossessionsoftheautonomous(self-governing)manoftraditionaltheory,//

0.5分andtheyareessentialtopractices//0.5分inwhichapersonisheldresponsibleforhisconductandgivencreditforhisachievements.//

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