2023届广东省佛山市佛山高三第一次模拟考试英语试卷含解析

2023高考英语模拟试卷注意事项1．考生要认真填写考场号和座位序号。2．试题所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分必须用2B铅笔作答；第二部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。3．考试结束后，考生须将试卷和答题卡放在桌面上，待监考员收回。第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．WhethertofavorurbandevelopmentorthepreservationofhistoricalsitesisespeciallycontroversialinChina,wherethereexistsrichhistory,diversifiedtraditionandcultural________.A．surplus B．deposits C．accounts D．receipts2．Inordertofinishtheworktime,themaninchargedecidedtosomemoreworkers.A．giveup B．takeon C．lookafter D．findout3．____regulartraininginnursing,shecouldhardlycopewiththeworkatfirst.A．NotreceivedB．SincereceivingC．HavingnotreceivedD．Nothavingreceived4．AlthoughtheRomacouldn’tbeforcedtopaytaxes,theycouldn’tvote______theyagreedto______agovernment.A．unless,submitto B．until,correspondtoC．when,resignto D．while,compromiseto5．Oneofthefewthingsyou______sayaboutEnglishpeoplewithcertaintyisthattheytalkalotabouttheweather.A．need B．must C．can D．should6．______flag-raisingceremonywasheldattheGoldenBauhiniaSquareonJuly1tocelebrate______17thanniversaryofHongKong’sreturntoChina.A．A;/ B．A;theC．The;the D．/;the7．It’ssecondtimeinfivedaysthathehasaskedmeforhigherpay.A．不填；a B．a;the C．the；a D．the；the8．Shehasexpressedherhope______theforeignstudentswillspreadthegoodwillandsincerityoftheChinesepeopletootherpartsoftheworld.A．that B．whichC．whether D．what9．Thinkcarefullybeforeyouanswerquestionsonline.Youmaybe______intogivingawayveryimportantpersonalinformation.A．caught B．addictedC．seized D．trapped10．—Whendidyougettoknowyourgirlfriend?—Itwasin2015________shewasworkingasavolunteerinAfrica.A．that B．whichC．when D．then11．---Eachofthestudentsworkinghardattheirhardattheirlessonsthebook.---SohaveI.A．readsB．havereadC．hasreadD．read12．—Whatdidyousayyouwerereluctanttoriskjustnow?—_________tohighlevelsofradiation.A．Beingexposed B．HavingbeenexposedC．Tobeexposed D．Exposed13．Philipswon8goldmedalsattheBeijingOlympicGames,__________astonishedtheworld.A．that B．which C．what D．who14．----CouldIaskyouaprivatequestion?----Sure,A．pardonmeB．goaheadC．goodideaD．forgetit15．Thedrumsofwararebeatingonceagain.AstensionsrisebetweenAmericaandIran,Chinaappealstobothsidesto________.A．standby B．comealongC．stepback D．sticktogether16．—Ithinkthepaperistakingyoualongtimetowrite.—I______onitforalmostamonthnow.A．workedB．wasworkingC．amworkingD．havebeenworking17．---ProfessorLiiswantedonthephone.Whereishe?---Isawhimcoming,butinaminute,he_____.A．willdisappear B．hasdisappeared C．disappears D．disappeared18．Anew________busservicetoTianjinAirportstartedtooperatetwomonthsago.A．common B．usualC．regular D．ordinary19．We’llhavetofinishit,_____________.A．howeverittakeslong B．howeverlongittakesC．nomatterhowittakes D．nomatterhowlongdoesittake20．–MyTVsetdoesn’twork,thewatertapisdrippingandmycarisstillunderrepair!–Yousure________badluckthesedays.A．had B．willhave C．hadhad D．arehaving第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21．（6分）Driverlesstechnologywillsoonenteranothermajorglobalindustry:shipping.Severalcompaniesrecentlyannouncedplanstolaunchself-sailingshipstoimprovesafetyandefficiency.OneofthemistheNorwegianchemicalcompanyYaraInternational.YarahasteamedupwithanotherNorwegiancompany,Kongsberg,tobuildanautonomousgoodsshipexpectedtobelaunchednextyear.Kongsbergdevelopedtheship’selectricaltechnologyandautonomouscontrolsystems.Theshipisfullyelectrictoreduceairpollution.Itisdesignedtocarrygoodscontainersnormallytransportedbytruck.Thismeanstheshipwillalsoimproveroadsafetybyreplacingabout40,000trucktripsayear.Thecompanyplanstooperatetheshipsbyfar-awaycontrolbeginningsometimenextyear.By2020,theshipsshouldbeloadingandsailingthemselves.WhileYara’sshipswillbelimitedtoNorwayatfirst,thecompanyplanstogreatlyexpanditsautonomousshippingoperationsinthecomingyears.Anothercompanyputtingahighpriority(优先)toself-sailingshipsistheworld’slargestminingcompany,Australia’sBHPBilliton.Thecompany’sVicePresidentofFreight,RashpalBhatti,recentlyspokeaboutthetechnologyinawebsitepost.Bhattibelievesautomationwillbeoneofthebiggestchangesforshippinginthefuture.Hesaid,“Autonomousshipsofferimportantopportunitiestoimprovesafetyandprovidemoreeffectiveresultstothesupplychainofthesea.”Headdedthatself-sailingshipscouldbecomearealitywithinthenextdecade.Rolls-Royce,theBritishautomobileandenginemanufacturer(制造商),isalsodevelopingunmanned(无人驾驶的)shippingtechnologies.OskarLevanderisthecompany’sheadofoperationsatsea.Hesaidinaconferencelastyear,“Thisishappening.It’snotif,it’swhen.”Levandersaidtheseautonomousshipscouldbecontrolledbyfar-awayoperatorsfromanywhere.Headded,“Becausetheseshipswillbedesignedtobeunmanned,theycanbebuiltsmaller,moreefficientandenvironmentallyfriendly.”1、Whyhaveseveralcountriesannouncedplanstoproduceself-sailingships?A．Tosavemoney.B．Todevelopelectricaltechnologyinships.C．Tocompeteinautonomouscontrolsystems.D．Tomakeshippingmoreeffectiveandlessrisky.2、HowwilltheNorwegianautonomousshipbedeveloped?A．OnthebasisofRolls-Royce.B．Byasinglecompanyindependently.C．Bytwonativecompaniesworkingtogether.D．BytakingelectricaltechnologyfromAustralia.3、WhatdoOskarLevander’swordssuggestinParagraph4?A．Itistooearlytomakeautonomousships.B．Thesupplychainoftheseawillbebusier.C．Peoplearemoreconcernedaboutautonomousships.D．Unmannedshippingtechnologiesarebecomingmoremature.4、Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．AutomationunderSail B．Self-sailingShipsinUseC．AutomationinSomeFields D．AutomationinImagination22．（8分）TheMokokotribe(部落)livedonthewrongsideoftheislandoftwofaces.Thetwosides,separatedbyagreatcliff(悬崖),werelikenightandday.Thegoodsidewaswateredbyriversandwasfilledwithtreesandabundantfood,whileonthewrongsidetherewashardlyanywaterorplants,andwildbeastscrowdedtogether.TheMokokohadthemisfortuneofhavingalwayslivedthere,withnowaytocrosstotheotherside.Theirlifewashardandtheylivedinpermanentterrorofthebeasts.Alongtheedgeofthecliffseparatingthetwosides,askinnybutstrongtreegrew,withwhichtheycouldbuildtwopoles.Therewasnodoubtthatthetribewouldchoosethegreatchiefanddoctortousethepoles.Butwhenthetwoofthemweregiventheirchancetomakethejump,theydidn’tdareto.Theythoughtthatthepolecouldbreakoritwouldnotbelongenough.Theyputsomuchenergyintothesethoughtsthattheygavein.ButintothattribewerebornNamandAriki,apairofyounghearts.Oneday,theydecidedtotakeupthepoles.Nobodystoppedthem,buteveryonedidtrytodiscouragethem,tryingtopresenthowdangerousthejumpingwas,usingathousandexplanations.“Andwhatifwhattheysayistrue?”wonderedtheyoungNaru.“Don’tworry.Iamabitscaredtoo,butitdoesn’tlooksodifficult,”repliedAriki,everdetermined.“Butifitgoeswrong,itwillbeaterribleend,”continuedNaru,undecided.“Perhapsthejumpwillgobadly.Butstayingforeveronthissideoftheislandsurelywon’tworkoutwelleither.”“You’reright.Let’sdoittomorrow.”Andonthenextday,NaruandArikijumpedtothegoodsideoftheisland.Whentakingupthepoles,whilefeelingtheirdesire,thefearhardlyallowedthemtobreathe.Andwhileflyingthroughtheair,helplessandwithoutsupport,theyfeltthatsomethingmusthavegonewronganddeathawaitedthem.Butwhentheylandedontheotherside,theythoughtthejumpreallyhadn’tbeensobadafterall.1、WhatsituationweretheMokokofacedwith?A．Theylivedadifficultlifewithoutfearingthebeasts.B．Theysufferedalotduetotheterribleenvironment.C．Theyhadeasyaccesstothegoodside.D．Theyweresurroundedbytreesandrivers.2、Howdidthechiefanddoctorfeelwhentheywerechosen?A．Frightened.B．Energetic.C．Desperate.D．Satisfied.3、What’sthetribemembers’reactionwhenNamandArikidecidedtotakeupthepoles?A．Themembersdesiredtofollowtheirsteps.B．Thememberstriedtopreventthebehaviour.C．Themembersconvincedthemofthedanger.D．Themembersencouragedthemtohaveatry.4、WhatcanweinferaboutNaruandAriki?A．Theyovercamedifficultywithcourageanddetermination.B．Theyfeltrelaxedinthewholeprocessofmakingthejump.C．Theyneverdoubtedthedifficultyinmakingthejump.D．Theyhesitatedtomakethejumpoverandoveragain.23．（8分）Aftershoppingfordealsinstoreson“BlackFriday”,oronlineon“CyberMonday”,Americansandpeopleworldwidearepreparingfornewlypopular“GivingTuesday”.Startingin2012,nowtheglobaleventthatiscelebratedannuallyontheTuesdayafterThanksgivingisthebrainchildof92ndStreetY,aculturalcenterinNewYorkCityandUnitedNationsFoundation.Asthenameindicates,GivingTuesdayismeanttorestartthecharitableseasonandthereforeobservedbyraisingfundsforlocalnonprofitsandschools,organizingfoodandclothingdrives,andconductingrandomactsofkindness.In2015,700,000peoplefrom71countriescametogethertodonate$116.7millionincash.Anadditional$1.08millionwasspentongifts.Whiletheeasiestwaytoparticipateisbydonatingtoyourfavoritecharity,thisdaycanbecelebratedinmanyotherwaystoo.Youcangivebackbyvolunteeringatyourlocalshelterorfoodbank,orevenbydonatingblood.Ifallelsefails,apurchasefromthegrowingnumberoforganizationsthatgiveaportionoftheirsalestocharitywilldothetrick.Butperhapsthebestwaytocelebratethedayisbyhelpingthosenearestanddearesttoyou.Assistafamilymemberwithasimplechorelikefoldinglaundry,cookingdinner,orevenreadingtoayoungersibling.Nomatterwhatyoudo,besuretoshareyougooddeedonsocialmediaandinspireotherstocelebrateGivingTuesdayaswell!1、Whichofthefollowinghastheshortesthistory?A．BlackFriday B．GivingTuesdayC．ThanksgivingDay D．CyberMonday2、What’sthemainpurposeof“GivingTuesday”?A．TomakeThanksgivingDayenjoyableB．TogetvoluntaryworkbetterknownC．ToencouragemorepeopletodocharitiesD．Topersuademorepeopletoshoponline3、Whydoestheauthoradvisesharinggooddeedsonsocialmedia?A．Tokeeparecordofone’sexperienceB．TohelppeoplemakenewfriendsC．TodonatemoneytolocalschoolsD．TomakeGivingTuesdaymorepopular4、Whichsectionofawebsitedoesthenextprobablycomefrom?A．Education B．CultureC．Lifestyle D．Business24．（8分）Doyoueverwonderwhytreesbegintobud(发芽)earlierinsomecities?Scientistsfinallyfoundtheanswerbutit’snotverypleasant.Newsciencesuggestsarelationshipbetweenlightpollutionandthetimingwhentreesproducebuds,whichsignalsthearrivalofthespringseason.LightpollutionisdefinedbytheLightingResearchCenterastheunwantedconsequenceofoutdoorlightingsuchasstreetlights.Excessive(过多的)man-madelightatnightresultsindisturbednaturalcycles,andalsopreventstheobservationofstarsandplanetsatnight.Butitseffectontheenvironmentgoesbeyondthat.Bystudyingsometrees,researchersfoundoutthattreesthataremoreexposedtoartificiallightingatnightbudupto7.5daysearlierthanthoseatthenaturalnighttimesetting.Andtheyfoundoutthatlighthadamoresignificanteffectthantemperaturewhenthebudscameout.Theearlybuddingmaycauseproblemsforinsects,whichfeedonleaves,andthebirdswhichthenfeedontheminturn.ProfessorRichard,whohelpedleadtheresearch,explainedthatmorethanthebuddingoftrees,thestudyimpliesthedangertothebalanceoftheecosystem.“Atthemoment,caterpillars(毛毛虫)aretimedtohatchtomakethemostoftheopportunitiestofeedonfreshlybuddedleaves,andbirdshatchintimetofeedontheyoungcaterpillar,”hesaid.Migratory(迁徙的)birdsarealsonegativelyaffectedbylightpollution.Theglaremightconfusethemandmakethemlosetheirflyingsense.Thephenomenonmightexplainwhysomebirdsaccidentallyknockintobuildings.Suchresultsstresstheneedtopursuestudiesthataimtomeasuretheeffectoflightpollution.Iftheissuewerelefttocontinue,itisestimatedthatby2100,springwouldbeginalmostafullmonthearlierthanitdoestoday.1、Whatwillhappenifthereistoomuchman-madelight?A．People’seyesightwillbedamaged.B．Theecosystemwilllikelyloseitsbalance.C．Nostarsorplanetsmaybeobservedatnight.D．Animals’livinghabitsmaychangesuddenly.2、Howdoestheearlybuddingaffectinsectsorplants?A．Itwillcausetherisingnumberofinsects.B．Itcouldleadtotreesgrowingfewerleaves.C．Itmayresultinsomeinsectsgoinghungry.D．Itmightpushinsectstohatchmoreslowly.3、Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinthelastparagraph?A．Theeffectoflightpollutionisdestructive.B．Thespringof2100willbecomemuchlonger.C．Lightpollutionshouldbetakenseriously.D．Afurtherstudyonlightpollutionisscheduled.4、Whatisthesuitabletitleforthepassage?A．WhyspringcomesearlierinsomecitiesB．WhylightpollutionneedstobestudiedC．Howtrees’earlybuddingtakesplaceD．Howmuchlightis“toomuch”25．（10分）YourNewYear’splantomovemoreisoneofthetoughesttostickto,andagroupofscientistsworkingwithobese(过度肥胖的)micethinkthey’restartingtounderstandwhyRatherthanoursedentary(久坐的)livescausingweightgain,saysAlexxaiKraviz,theNationalInstitutesofHealthneuroscientistwholedthestudy,changesinbrainchemistryafterwestartgainingweightaffectourcapacitytomove.“Obsesmicecanmovejustfine,”saysKravitz,whopublishedtheworkwithhisteaminCellMetabolism“Theyjustdon’t.”WhatKravitz’steamfoundisthattheactivityofaparticulardopamine(多巴胺)receptorlinkedtomovementgoesdownasmicegainweightonahigh-fatdiet.Sotheniceslowdownandtheymoveless.Andwhentheresearchersrestoredtheactivityofthatdopaminereceptor—DR2—themicestartedmovingmore,eventhoughtheywerestillobese.TheteamalsosawthatleanmicemissingtheDR2receptoractedlikeobesemice.Thisisthetarget,saysKravitz—restoringthatdopaminereceptorfunction.“Maybe20or30yearsdowntheroad,wecoulddothatinpeople,”hesays.Andthereisonemorething:ThescientistsfednormalmiceandthemicelackingDR2thesamehigh-fatdiet.Bothsetsofmicegainedweightatthesamerate.KravitzsaysthisisimportantbecausemicelackingDR2movelessfromtheget-go,whereasanormalmousetakesalittletimetostartseeingthatdopaminereceptor-relatedlossofexercise.Theabilitytoexerciseseemstobedisconnectedfromweightgain,hesays.“Exerciseisahealthythingtodo,butitsimpactonweightlosshasbeenexaggerated,”hesays.“Wehavetoberealisticaboutthesizeoftheeffectofexerciseonweight,asopposedtohealthbenefits.”Still,beforeyouabandonyourNewYear’sexerciseplan,keepinmindthatthisstudywasdoneusingahigh-fatdiet,andnotthenormalcalorierestrictionthatpeoplemaintainwhentheydiet.That’sabigdrawbacktothework,saysVickiVieira-Potter,aUniversityofMissouriphysiologistnotinvolvedinthestudy.“Theyfeedthemicewithhigh-fatdiet,itdamagesthereceptor,andthatdecreasesactivity.Thosewhoplantolostweightshouldrememberhigh-fatdietisanicewaytocauseobesityinthelab,butit’snotthesameasthenormalsituationofobesity,”shesays.Sinealsosaysthatalotoftheweightgaininthemicecameaftertheystoppedmovingaround,whichindicatesthatthelossofmovementdidimpactobesity.1、AlexxaiKravitzislikelytoagreethat________.A．high-fatfoodleadstothelackofDR2B．lessmovementresultsfromweightgainC．thelackofDR2resultsinlessmovementD．weightgainleadstotheinactivityofDR2.2、Whatcanweinferfromtheresearchmentionedinthepassage?A．High-fatdietisboundtocauseobesity.B．Theresearchteamaimtodealwithhumanobesity.C．High-fatdiethaslittleinfluenceontherateofweightgain.D．Obesemice’sabilitytomoveisaffectedbytheinactivityofDR2.3、Theunderlinedword“exaggerated”inParagraph7canbereplacedby“________”.A．underestimatedB．excludedC．overlookedD．overemphasized4、AccordingtoVickiVicki-Vieira-Potter,________.A．besidesdiet,otherfactorsbehindobesityshouldn’tbeignoredindailylifeB．thetotallossofmovementcandoharmtothefunctionofDR2C．AlexxaiKravitz’steammisreadtheresultsoftheresearchD．obesityismainlycausedbyhigh-fatdietpeopletake.第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．26．（30分）ChristopherGarrettwasanengineerwiththeU.S.Army’s10thMountainDivision.WhileservinginAfghanistan,Christopherwasshotand1.Hewashospitalizedandthenmedically2.Christopherwas3tobereturninghometohiswife,Brittany,andwaslookingforwardtogettingbacktonormallife.Soon,4,itbecameclearthat“normal”wasgoingtohaveanew5.Christopher’s6madethingsdifficult.Thingsthathadoncecome7tohim-likemowingthelawn(修剪草坪)—nowseemedalmostimpossible.Evenstill,Christopherwas8nottolethisinjuriesgetthebestofhim.Eventhoughheonlyhadanold-fashioned,non-motorizedpushmower,he9togooutandmowtheyard,workingthroughthe10untilthejobwasdone.Itwas11forBrittanytowatchherhusbandgothroughthispain.WhenshesawChristopherthrewhimselfdownonthegroundintearsoneday,sherantohim,thinkinghewas12anemotionalbreakdown.Whenshegotouttotheyard,however,shesawthe13ofChristopher’stearsSittingintheyardwasa(n)14ridinglawnmower.Attachedwasanote:“Ihopethis15timeforthethingsthatmattermostinyourlife.Thankyouforyour16andformyfreedom.AgratefulAmerican.”ThoughtheGarrettshaveno17wholeftthemowerintheiryard,itisclearaneighborhadseenChristopher18andwantedtohelp.Thatpersonmayneverknowjusthowmuchthe19meanttotheGarretts,butforthiscoupleitwaslife-changing.Christopherstillhasalong20aheadofhimintherecoveryprocess,butthankstothisgenerousstranger,thejourneyisnowalittleeasier.1、A．caught B．wounded C．trapped D．killed2、A．recovered B．refused C．retired D．removed3、A．fortunate B．disappointed C．happy D．unwilling4、A．though B．therefore C．meanwhile D．instead5、A．story B．direction C．result D．meaning6、A．disability B．strength C．fear D．appearance7、A．steadily B．quickly C．naturally D．easily8、A．forced B．determined C．astonished D．persuade9、A．continued B．preferred C．promised D．intended10、A．hunger B．sorrow C．pain D．anger11、A．embarrassing B．unusual C．annoying D．difficult12、A．suffering B．imagining C．overcoming D．performing13、A．source B．outcome C．purpose D．power14、A．special B．ordinary C．strange D．new15、A．takes B．saves C．occupies D．leaves16、A．honesty B．service C．kindness D．attention17、A．doubt B．question C．idea D．way18、A．searching B．complaining C．struggling D．crying19、A．note B．gift C．reward D．solution20、A．life B．experience C．wait D．road第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27．（15分）LocatedinanaturaldepressioninGuizhou,China’sFive-hundred-meterApertureSphericalRadioTelescope,1．(know)asFAST,hasidentifiedsixpulsars(脉冲星)afteroneyearoftrialoperation.ItisthefirsttimeChinesescientistshavediscoveredpulsarsusingaradiotelescopeindependentlydevelopedbyChinesescientists,thus2．(open)a“neweraofChineseoriginalspacediscovery.”ItistrulyencouragingforChinatohaveachievedsuchresultsinjustoneyear.Sincethefirstpulsar3．(discover),over2,700pulsarshavebeenidentified.Butalmostallofthemare4．thescopeoftheMilkyWay.Beingtheworld’slargestradiotelescope,FASTisexpectedtocapturepulsarsoutsidethegalaxy.Apartfromthemassivesize,italsohasunmatchedaccuracyandsensitivity,allowingscientists5．(find)previouslyhiddenstars.Moreover,FASTiscapableofsurveyingthenightskyformultiple6．(science)dataatonce,7．enablesastronomerstojump-startmanysciencegoals.Itsinnovativeengineeringconceptanddesignpave8．newroadtorealizeahugesingledishinthemosteffectiveway.China’sFASTscienceimpactonastronomywillbeextraordinary,andhasthepotentialtorevolutionizeother9．(area)ofthenaturalsciences.It10．(remain)thegloballeaderforthenext10to20years.第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）28．（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处；每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改的词。注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2、只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。OncetherewasataletellofaspiderwiththenameAnansi、Hewonderedwhattobemoreintelligent、Hewentaroundthevillagetocollectforwisdomwithabasket、Soonhisbasketwasfull、Tohideitonthetopofth