跨文化交际实用教程unit4市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件

Unit4

VerbalCommunication1第1页ObjectivesLearntheculturallyloadedwordsLearntheculturalreflectionsonproverbsLearntaboosLearnthedifferencesinculturalthoughtpatterns2第2页

CONTENTS

I.Warm-upcasesII.DetailedStudy:culturallyloadedwordsculturalreflectionsonproverbstaboosdifferencesinculturalthoughtpatternsIII.SummaryIV.Assignments3第3页Case1.ShoesforStreetWalkingI.Warm-upcasesQuestion:WhydidtheItalianshopownermakesuchablunder?Shoesforstreetwalking.Comeinandhaveafit.4第4页Interpretation

astreetwalkeraprostitutetohaveafittobecomesuddenlyandviolentlyangryorupset5第5页II.DetailedStudy

Loadedwordsandphrasesarethosewhichhavestrongemotionalovertones(n.

暗示，弦外音，寓意)orconnotations(n.

涵义，言外之意),andwhichevokestronglypositiveornegativereactionsbeyondtheirliteralmeaning.1.CulturallyLoadedWordsWhatisloadedwords?6第6页

AnimalsinEnglishandChineseDragoninChineseculture,itisatotemwithmanyroyalassociations,suchas龙颜，龙床，龙袍，龙体，龙榻，龙心大喜,龙颜大怒。AndalltheChinesepeoplecallthemselvestobetheoffspringofthedragon。IntheEnglishculture,dragonreferstoagianthorribleanimallikethelizard,meaningbeingterribleordisgusting.Therefore,inthewestapersonlikeadragonusuallyimpliesthatheishorrible,viciousanddisgusting.7第7页AnimalsinEnglishandChinesePhoenixInChina,itrefertoanauspiciousbird,implyingthatpeacereignintheworld.Alsoitreferstothequeenortheholyperson,suchas凤冠，风辇。InEnglishitrefertoakindofbirdwhichhasbeenburnttodeath,regeneratingfromtheashes.Therefore,phoenixmeansrevivingorregeneratinginthewesterncountry.8第8页AnimalsinEnglishandChineseDogs–Inthewest,dogsarethefaithfulfriendsforthemankindandthelovablepetsinthefamily.Thereforetheidiomrelatedtodogsusuallyhavethepositivemeaning,suchasaluckydog幸运儿；anolddog老手；Everydoghasitsday.凡人皆有得意日。Heworkslikeadog.他工作很努力。Loveme,lovemydog.爱屋及乌。

InChina,dogsareinsultinglanguages,meaningbeingdespicableandhateful,sotheidiomsrelatedtodogsusuallyhasnegativemeanings,suchas走狗，丧家犬，看门狗，狗急跳墙，狗仗人势，狼心狗肺，鸡鸣狗盗，蝇营狗苟。9第9页AnimalsinEnglishandChineseOwl–InChinaithassomethingtodowithdeath,implyingbeingunlucky;inthewest,owlrelatestocleverness,wiseness,inEnglishapersonlikeanowlsuggeststhatheisascleverasanowl.Peacock–InChineseitisanauspiciousbird,sowhenthepeacockspreadsittail,itrepresentsauspiciousness,prosperityandpeace.However,inEnglish,peacockusuallymeansbeingpleasedwithoneselforshowingoffoneself,therefore,apersonlikeapeacocksuggeststhatheisasproudasapeacock10第10页OwlInEnglish:aswiseasanowl象猫头鹰一样聪明

InChinese:猫头鹰进宅,好事不来

bearInEnglish:Heisabearatmaths(他是个数学天才)InChinese:“瞧他那个熊样儿”、“真熊”11第11页。fishInChinese:

年年有余(鱼)InEnglish:apoorfishaloosefishfishintheair可怜虫生活放荡女人水中捞月12第12页Pleasechoosetheproperanimalwordsforeachphrase.harehorsesnailmousebeemule

asbusyasa______

asslowasa

______

asstubbornasa______

astimidasa_____

snailbeemulehareasstrongasa_____

horseaspoorasachurch_____

mouse13第13页Adog’slife争吵不休，过着不安宁日子Gotothedogs每况愈下Dog-eat-dog狗咬狗，损人利己Doginthemanger站着茅坑不拉屎Dogdays大热天Doggybag餐馆里打包袋14第14页Betterbetheheadofadogthanthetailofalion.drinklikeafishtreaduponeggs宁为鸡头，不为凤尾。牛饮如履薄冰15第15页Chinese:胆小如鼠狐假虎威瓮中之鳖English:astimidasarabbit/chicken-heartedanassinalion’sskinlikearatinahole16第16页Chinese:落汤鸡母老虎（比丈夫强妻子）English:likeadrenchedchicken;likeadrownedratgreymare17第17页

干部cadre母马femalehorse?/mare?扁担acarryingpole;ashoulderpole一本书

abook

知识分子intellectual社会科学-socialscience?/thehumanities?CanyoufindtheequivalentwordsinEnglishfortheseChinesewords?18第18页知识分子InCC,itreferstopeopleincludingcollegeteachers,collegestudents,middleschoolteachers,andsuchpeopleasmedicaldoctors,engineers,interpreters.InEC,itreferstopeopleofhighacademicstatus(collegeprofessors)–muchsmallerrangeofpeople.

notalwaysacomplimentaryterm,sometimesusedinderogatorysense.19第19页干部asmallgroupofpeoplewhoarespeciallychosenandtrainedforaparticularpurpose.骨干队伍amemberofthiskindofgroup.干部InEC,manypeopledon’tknowwhatitmeans.(notacommonword)Someothersubstitutes:

official,functionary,administrator,etc.ButnoneofthesegetsexactsamemeaningasChineseword“干部”.20第20页社会科学SocialSciencesinChinesecoversallthefieldsexcepttheonesinthenaturalscienceandappliedsciences.Sameas“thehumanities”inEnglish.WhileinEnglish,“socialsciences”coverasmallerareaoflearning.Itincludespoliticalscience,economics,

history(oftenclassifiedunderthehumanities)andsociology.thebranchesoflearningthatstudyhumansociety,especiallyitsorganizationandrelationshipofindividualmemberstoit.21第21页Birdsandanimals/maleorfemaleGenerictermmalefemaletheyoungchickencock/roosterhenchickduckdrakeduckducklinggoosegandergoosegoslinghorsestallionmarefoalcattle/cowbullcowcalfdogdogbitchpuppysheepramewelambdeerstagdoefawnpigboarsowshoat22第22页bull,cow,cockorhen,male,female,she

Notallanimalsorbirdshavespecificnamesthatdenotedifferentsex.bull,cow,cockorhen

arefrequentlyusedtodistinguishsex.bullseal,cocksparrow,hensparrowmale,female,she

alsoacceptablemaleleopard,femalepanda,shewolf23第23页副副主席vice-chairman副教授associateprofessor副主任deputydirector副秘书长assistantsecretary副州长lieutenantgovernor副国务卿undersecretary24第24页ColorsinChineseandEnglishRed--InChinese,redusuallyhassomethingtodowithhappiness,fortunes,fervency,auspiciousness.Suchas,红喜字，红盖头，红地毯，红灯笼，红包，红利，满堂红。Also,reddenotestherevolution.Suchas红旗，红领巾，红军，红色依据地。

InEnglishredhassomethingtodowithbloodorinfelicity,implyingbleeding,dangerorviolence.Forexample,redintoothandclaw血淋淋；aredtagtothebull令人生气事情,beinthered负债亏空；seered大发脾气，redrevenge血腥复仇25第25页ColorsinChineseandEnglishYellow–InChinese,yellowhassomethingwithsovereign,harvest,andwealth.Forexample,黄袍，黄榜，黄道吉日。Alsoitisrelatedtosomethingpornographicandscurrilous,suchas黄色电影，黄色小说，黄碟。

InEnglish,yellowjustreferstoacolorexistinginourlife,suchas,yellowcard黄牌，ayellowalarm黄色警报，yellowline黄线，yellowlight黄灯，yellowpage黄页。26第26页ColorsinChineseandEnglishgreen–InChinese,greenisrelevanttopeace,safety,hope,environmentalprotection,suchas绿色食品，greenfood;绿色产业greenindustry;绿色能源，greenpower，绿色产品，greenproducts.Sometimes,ithassomethingtodowiththeadulterybetweenmenandwomen,

suchas绿帽子，绿头巾.InEnglish,greenisthemostvaluablecolorinthenature,also,itmeansimmature,suchasgreentomatoes不成熟人.Aswellgreenimpliesbeingenvywithsomebodysuchasgreenwithenvy.27第27页greenagreenhand(生手，易上当受骗人)，greengoods(新鲜货)，agreenman(新来水手)，agreenoldage(老当益壮)等等。green-eyed“嫉妒”、“眼红”Youareexpectingtoomuchofhim.Heisstillgreen,youknow.（你对他要求过高，他还没经验嘛。）greenback“美钞”greenpower“金钱力量”或“财团”28第28页White:thecolorofsnowWesterncountryFair,pure(inthewedding)Lucky(eg.awhiteday)ConservativeModernmeaning:equal,fromthefilm“white”ChinaUnlucky(葬礼，白事）Crafty(奸诈，eg.白脸曹操）Vain(eg.没效果，白费劲气）不付出代价而享受（eg.吃白食，小白脸）29第29页WhiteSnowWhite,whiteChristmas,awhitesoultheWhiteHouseHehaswhitehands.whitehand有“pure”(纯洁)、或“unstained”(清白)之意。30第30页whitewar指没有硝烟战争，常指“经济竞争”。whiteelephant（昂贵却派不上用场物体或物主不需要但又无法处置之物）whitegoods表示纯洁、美好、善意、正当、公平、幸福、轻轻、政治上反动等

awhiteflag31第31页白色“白手”“白手起家”startfromscratch;buildupfromnothing白眼thetiredlook白丁verycommonpeople表示清楚、明白、陈说、纯净、无代价、无效、政治上反动等32第32页“White”inChinese白班dayshift白鹭egret白内障cataract白痴idiot白开水plainboiledwater白血病leukemia白眼supercilious白手起家tostartfromscratch

33第33页Black:thecolorofnightorcoalWesterncountryEvil(e.g..blackmail)UnluckyVS.whitemeaningunluckinessinChineseHopeless(e.g..thingwasbeginningtolookprettyblackforus)ChinaRighteous(e.g..黑脸包公铁面无私）Thesameaswesterncountry–evil(黑社会）Secret(e.g..黑话）34第34页black

blackmoney（黑钱）blackmarket（黑市交易或黑市）ablackletterday不吉祥日子，倒霉一天blackox不幸blackfigure，intheblack都表示“盈利”、“盈利”表示“严重，不受欢迎，不吉利、罪恶、不适当、不正当、愤恨”等35第35页“黑色”黑心人theverycruelpeople黑帮thereactionaryorganizationsgatheredsecretly多表示贬意如“阴暗、非法、秘密、坏、狠毒等36第36页

BlackinChinese

黑眼镜sunglasses黑货smuggledgoods黑心肠evilmind黑话cant黑体字boldfacetype黑咕隆咚pitch-dark黑死病theplague黑更午夜inthedeadofnight

37第37页Translationofblack1.blacktea红茶(而不译为黑茶)汉语中“红茶”译成英语是“blacktea”，字面上意为“黑茶”，这是因为汉语针对茶水颜色而言，故称其为“红”，而英语着眼点则放在茶叶颜色上，故称其为“黑”。2.blackandblue青一块紫一块(而不是青一块黑一块)38第38页

Blue:thecolorofskyWesterncountrySad(eg.gettheblues;blues—aslowsadstyleofmusicthatcamefromthesouthernUS)Obscene(mentionedabove,bluebook)Noble,highlyprivileged(e.g.blue-blooded=belongingtoaroyalornoble)Modernmeaning:freedom(fromthefilm“blue”)China表示天空和大海颜色。京剧中蓝脸表示人物刚直勇猛、坚毅勇敢、桀骜不驯，有心计等如窦尔敦，单雄信，马武等。39第39页blueheisarealblueblood.（他是真正贵族。）blue-eyedboys“受到管理当局溺爱和尤其照料职员”bluebook（蓝皮书）blue-skymarket（露天市场），blue-collarworkers（从事体力劳动工人）40第40页Youlookbluetoday.What‘swrongwithyou?你今天看起来闷闷不乐，出了什么事？“忧郁，伤感，沮丧”ablueMonday(倒霉星期一)inabluemood(情绪低沉)bluemoon;onceinabluemoon“罕见之至，极不可能”"千载难逢blue41第41页Grey:themixedcolorofblackandwhiteWesterncountryExperienced(e.g.greyhand老手）Boring(e.g.agreybook)Gloomy(e.g.greyprospects)Reliable,expensive(灰色是西方消费者联想到珍贵，质量可靠商品）China

alsothemeaning–gloomy,depressed(e.g.气馁丧气，心灰意懒）Cheap,unqualified(灰色使消费者联想到廉价货，水货）42第42页Purple:themixedcolorofredandblueWesterncountryRoyal(e.g..borntothepurple=bornintoahighsocialclass)Flashyandwithoutsubstance(华而不实，e.g..apurplepassage)ChinaPropitious(祥瑞，e.g..紫气冲天，紫气东来）

43第43页Pink:paleredWesterncountryHealthy(e.g..Inthepink=ingoodshape)Mostlyreferredtofemale(e.g..Pinkjobs:女性职业）China

RelatedwiththecolorofpeachRomantic(e.g.桃花运）Thevaguerelationshipbetweenmenandwomen(桃色新闻）44第44页NumbersinEnglishandChinese

Inchina,Three,sixeightandnineareusuallyregardedtheauspiciousnumbers,andthesenumbersordatesareusuallyusedinourdailylife.Also,nineisthelargestoneinthetenArabicnumberswiththepartialtonewiththeChinesecharacter“久”meaningforever.Therefore,mostemperorsinChinaadmiredthisnumberwhichcanbereflectedinthearchitectureofthePalaceMuseum.AlsotherearesomeotheridiomsrelatednineinChinese45第45页NumbersinEnglishandChinesesuchas“九流，九泉，九族，九品，九连环，九牛二虎，九九重阳，九九艳阳天.However,fourandfivehavethepartialtonewiththeChinesecharacter“死”“无”.Therefore,thesenumbersareregardedunlucky.Inthewest,thirteenisregardedastheunluckynumberwhichisrelatedwiththestoryoftheJesusdeath.Ifitis13thonFriday,itiscalledtheBlackFriday,meaningthemostunfortunateday.46第46页SummaryAterminonelanguagedoesnotnecessarilyhaveacounterpartintheotherlanguage;（扁担）Wordsortermsinbothlanguageappeartorefertothesameobjectorconceptonlyonthesurface,butactuallyrefertoquitedifferentthings;（龙）47第47页Thingsorconceptsarerepresentedbyoneorperhapstwotermsinonelanguage,butbymanymoretermsintheotherlanguage,ie,finerdistinctionsexistintheotherlanguage;（社会科学）Termshavemoreorlessthesameprimarymeaning,buthavesecondaryoradditionalmeaningsthatmaydifferconsiderablyfromeachother.（龙）48第48页2.CulturalReflectionsonProverbsProverbsmayprovideinterestingglimpsesorcluestoapeople’sgeography,history,socialorganization,socialviews,etc.Anewbroomsweepsclean.新官上任三把火Manyhandsmakelightwork.众人拾柴火焰高。Don’tputoffuntiltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday.今日事今日毕。Killtwobirdswithonestone.一箭双雕。Hastemakeswaste.欲速则不达。49第49页Wherethere’ssmokethere’sfire.无风不起浪。Thegrassisalwaysgreenerontheothersideofthefence.这山望着那山高。Beautyisonlyskindeep.好花不常开，好景不常在。Sparetherodandspoilthechild.玉不琢不成器Giveapersonadoseofhisownmedicine.以其人之道还治其人之身。50第50页Manproposes,Goddisposes.尽人事，听天命。/谋事在人，成事在天。Itisasintostealapin.勿以恶小而为之，勿以善小而不为。Revengeisadishthatcouldbeeatencold.君子报仇，十年不晚。Everydoghasitsday.人人皆有得意日。/十年风水轮番转。51第51页Theaboveexpressionsgetsimilar/samemeaningsbothinEnglishandChinese.Butsomeothersgetdissimilarities:良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行。Frankadviceislikegoodherbalmedicine,hadtotakebutultimatelybeneficial.瓜田不纳履，李下不整冠。Neitheradjustyourshoesinthemelonpatch;noryourhatunderaplumtree.一人得道，鸡犬升天。Eventhedogsswaggerswhenitsmasterwinsfavor.52第52页HardtofindequivalentsAbsencemakestheheartgrowfonder.越是不见越想见。Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.一天一苹果，医生远离我。Letsleepingdogslie.莫惹是非。Youcan’tteachanolddognewtricks.年逾花甲不堪教。Youcan’thaveyourcakeandeatittoo.鱼与熊掌不可兼得。53第53页Lighteningneverstrikesthesameplacetwice.福无双至，祸不单行。坏事不过二。祸无双至。同一灾害不会在同一场所重复发生。Oneswallowdoesnotmakeasummer.一叶知秋。一燕不成夏。一花独放不是春。54第54页Surfacesimilarities,butdifferencesIttakestwotomakeaquarrel.一个巴掌拍不响。Amissisasgoodasamile.差之毫厘失之千里。Gildingthelily.锦上添花。Lifebeginsatforty.三十如狼，四十如虎。Ifyouliedownwithdogs,youwillgetupwithfleas.近朱者赤，近墨者黑。55第55页TheProverbsinEnglishandChineseCulture趁热打铁。Strikewhiletheironishot.不入虎穴焉得虎子。Nothingventured,nothinggained.打铁还得本身硬。Forgingtheironneedsastrongbody.行行出状元。Everyprofessionproducesitsownbest.亡羊补牢未为晚已。It’snevertoolatetomend.眼不见心不烦。Outofsight,outofmind.物以类聚人以群分。Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.三思而后行.Lookbeforeyourleap.56第56页TheProverbsinEnglishandChineseCultureWherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者事竟成。Worksmaketheworkman.勤工出巧匠。Constantdroppingwearsthestone.水滴石穿。LikeFather,likeson.有其父必有其子。Greatmindthinkalike.英雄所见略同。Romewasn’tbuiltinaday.冰冻三尺非一日之寒。Wherethereisalife,thereisahope.留得青山在不愁没柴烧。Sparetherod,spoilthechild.棒打出孝子，惯养忤逆儿。57第57页TheMottosintheChineseandEnglishCulture.Ittakestenyearstogrowtrees,butahundredtorearpeople.十年树木百年树人。Eattolive,butnotlivetoeat.吃饭为了活着，活着不是为了吃饭。Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.路遥知马力，日久见人心。Speechissilver,butsilenceisgold.言语是银，缄默是金。Twodogsstriveforaboneathirdrunsawaywithit．鹬蚌相争，渔翁得利。58第58页TheMottosintheChineseandEnglishCulture.山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村。Sometimes,thingsmayseemtobeprettybad,butifyouworkhard,therewillbealightattheendofthetunnel.亦余心之所向兮，虽九死其犹未悔。FortheidealthatIholddeartomyheart,I’dnotregretathousandstimestodie.苟利国家生死以，岂因祸福避趋之。Ishalldedicatemyselftotheinterestsofthecountryinlifeanddeathirrespectiveofpersonalwealandwoe.59第59页TheMottosintheChineseandEnglishCulture.华山再高，顶有过路。Nomatterhowhighthemountainis,onecanalwaysascendtoitstop.人或加讪，心无疵兮Myconsciencestaysuntaintedinspiteofrumorsandslandersfromoutside.弟兄虽有小忿，不废懿亲。Differencebetweenbrotherscannotservetheirties.不畏浮云遮望眼，只因身在最高层。Wehavenofearofthecloudsthatmayblockoursightaswearealreadyatthetopoftheheight.60第60页TheIdiomsRelatedtotheChineseCulture吃豆腐——toeatthebeancurd放鸽子——tostandsbup泼冷水——tothrowthecoldwateron敲竹杠——torobbyatrick走过场——todosthasaformality打酱油——towalkbyorbenotinvolvedin炒鱿鱼——tobedismissedfromtheoffice唱高调——tohaveanemptytalk拉大旗作虎皮——deckoneselfandfrighten挂羊头卖狗肉——sailunderthefalsecolor61第61页TheIdiomsRelatedtotheChineseCulture丧家犬——apersonoutoffavor冷板凳——acoldreception闭门羹——refusalofentrance笑面虎——afriendly-lookingvillain替罪羊——awhippingguy敲门砖——asteppingstonetosuccess撒手锏——thetrumpcardorspecialty醋坛子——apersontobejealous此地无银三百两——averypoorliereleasingthetruth不见兔子不撒鹰——totaketheactionattheappropriatemoment62第62页TheTwo-partAllegoricalSayinginChinese狗撵鸭子-呱呱叫——todosthverywell吃了秤砣-铁了心——tobedeterminedtodosth.茶壶倒饺子—有口道不出benotgoodatexpressingoneself老鼠跑进风箱里-两头受气-sufferfrombothsides瞎子点灯—白费蜡——todosthuseless十五只水桶打水—七上八下tobeupset

擀面杖吹火—一窍不通toknownothingabout王婆卖瓜—自卖自夸—toboastoneself老牛拉破车—慢慢吞吞—tomakeslowprogress

猪鼻子插根葱—冒充大象—todosthpretendedly63第63页TheTwo-partAllegoricalSayinginChinese徐庶进曹营—一言不发——Holdthetongue.骑驴看唱本—走着瞧—Readingwhileriding.孔夫子迁居—净是输—Keeplosingallthetime.三九萝卜—动了心。Amid-winterturnip—theheartisfrozen(moved).阎王爷出通告—鬼话连篇。Thekingofthehell’sannouncement–aseriesoflies.猫哭老鼠—假慈悲。Acatcryingthemouse’smisfortune–shammercy.牛角抹油—又尖又滑—becunningandtreacherous正月十五贴门神—晚了半个月—It’stoolatetodo…64第64页SomeExpressionsintheInternetculturehold得住—beabletocontrolasituation卖萌—topretendtobelovable坑爹—tobecheated;悲催—miserableorfailing打酱油——towalkonorlookon杯具——sadorunhappy给力—tomakesbcheerup正能量—thepositivefactors纠结—tobeannoyed;拍砖—tocriticizeonthenet潜水—toconcealoneselfontheinternet.灌水—tomakethemeaninglesscomment65第65页SomeExpressionsintheInternetCultureGF—girlfriend;CY—seeyouY——why;PS——Photoshop俯卧撑—tobenotone’sownbusiness元芳，你怎么看？——havenoone’sownopinion躲猫猫—toremoveoneselffromtheresponsibility至于你信不信，反正我信了—toshowthedoubtfulattitudetowardthetruthofanincident贾君鹏，你妈喊你吃饭呢！—topersuadetheyoungmennottolosethemselvesintothenetLJ—rubbish;FQ—thecynicalyoungmen

BC—theidiot;94—youareright8147—Don’tgetangry;555—feelsadandcry66第66页3.Taboosaculturalorreligiouscustomthatdoesnotallowpeopletodo,useortalkaboutaparticularthingaspeoplefinditoffensiveorembarrassingExcretaandactsofhumanexcretionSexualintercourse/certainpartsofthebody(fourletters)Swearwords(age,sex,occupation)67第67页HumanExcretiongotothecan/

gototheJohngoandseeone’sauntI’mgoingtopicksomeflowers.CanIaddsomepowder?Iwouldliketopowdermynose.IwonderifIcouldgosomewhere.heed/answerthecallofnatureMayIbeexcused?Naturecallsme.68第68页Sex/Bodypartspeepee(penis)weewee(urinate)downthere(vagina)sheisexpectingababy.sheisinafamilyway.Sheisexpecting.Sheisinadelicatecondition.Sheiswell-along.Sheisabouttohaveablessedevent.69第69页TalkingaboutsexualintercourseandcertainpartsofthebodyistabooinEnglishculture.Eg.makeloveTohavesexwith70第70页

Four-letterwordsarestillconsideredimproperinmostconversation,especiallyinmixedcompany.eg.Fucktits,shitJesusChristHolyMarySonofabitchbitchDamn!Damnit!Hell!71第71页委婉语类别1)传统委婉语

生,老,病,死性裸拉撒decease,expire,breatheone’slast,fallasleepelderly,goldenager,matureinone’sbirthdaysuit72第72页dieGodepartdepartfromthisworldgotoabetterworldgothewaysofallfleshpassawaylateInChinese,wealsocanfindsimilareuphemisms:“去了”,“离开了我们”,“辞世”,“去见马克思了”,“归西”,“升天”,“上路”73第73页diseaseAbbreviations:SARS(SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndromes)

AIDS(AcquiredImmureDeficiencySyndrome)V.D(venerealdisease)性病bigC/longdisease/terminalillness(cancer)74第74页OldAgeseniorcitizensadvancedinagegoldenyears75第75页Swearwords1.somewordsaremoreoffensivesomeareless2.age,sex,occupation3.settingorenvironment76第76页appleandpipnumberoneSeeamanaboutadog(horse)PlantasweetpeapickadaisyPluckarosetospendapennyWee-weecis-ciscissysis-sississy

77第77页GetsomefreshairMayIpleasebeexcused?(American)Powderone’snoseWashone’shandsWhatisthegeographyofthehouse?78第78页2.职业委婉语

eg.homehelphousemanmeattechnologistrecyclerbeauticiancosmetologisthairstylistvisionengineerwardrobeengineermixologist酒吧调酒员

79第79页sanitationengineer

环卫师（婉指垃圾工人）visionengineer视力工程师（婉指眼镜商）sleepengineer睡眠工程师（婉指床具制造商）

80第80页TheTaboosintheChineseCulture入赘——marryintoandlivewiththebridefamily.怀春——tofallinlovewith有喜——tobepregnant临盆——tohaveabirth续弦——toremarryafterthewifedied失聪——losethehearing发福——becomefat苗条——tobethin不适——tobeill保洁员——theclea