助动词用法详解(英语助动词)课件

英语Auxiliaryverb助动词英语Auxiliaryverb助动词1

协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliaryverb）,被协助的动词称作主要动词（Mainverb）。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用。如：

Joedoesn’tlikeEnglish.

（doesn’t是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)什么是助动词？协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动2Aspirinwasinventedin1897.Joe

doknowalotabouttheInternet.Joe

didn’t

findanyusefulinformationontheInternet.

Auxiliaryverbs(助动词)Aspirinwasinventedin1897.A3a.表示时态。如：Heis

singing.他在唱歌。Hehas

gotmarried.他已结婚。b.表示语态。如：Hewas

senttoEngland.他被派往英国。助动词的主要作用c.构成疑问句。如：Doyoulikecollegelife?DidyoustudyEnglishbeforeyoucamehere?a.表示时态。如：助动词的主要作用c.构成疑问句。如：4d.与否定副词not合用，构成否定句。如：Idon’tlikeJoe.e.加强语气。如：Docometothepartytomorrowevening.Joedidknowthat.d.与否定副词not合用，构成否定句。5常用的助动词有：be,have,do,shall,will,should,would。

助动词be的用法：1.be+现在分词，构成进行时态。如：Wearehavingalesson.Englishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.2.be+过去分词，构成被动语态。如：

ThewindowwasbrokenbyJoe.Englishistaughtthroughouttheworld.常用的助动词有：be,have,do,shall,w63.be+动词不定式，可表示：a.表示最近、未来的计划或安排。如：JoeistogotoNewYorknextweek.Wearetoteachthestudents.这用法也可说成是一种将来时态表达法。b.表示命令。如：Youaretoexplainthis.对此你要做出解释。c.征求意见。如：HowamItoanswerhim?d.表示相约、商定。如：Wearetomeetattheschoolgateatsixtomorrowmorning.3.be+动词不定式，可表示：这用法也可说成是一种b.7助动词have的用法:1.have+过去分词，构成完成时态。如：JoehasleftforLondon.Bytheendoflastmonth,wehaddonehalfoftheirwork.2.have+been+现在分词，构成完成进行时。如：

IhavebeenstudyingEnglishfortenyears.3.have+been+过去分词，构成完成式被动语态。如：

EnglishhasbeentaughtinChinaformanyyears.助动词have的用法:2.have+been+现在分8助动词do的用法:1.构成一般疑问句。如：Doyouwanttopassthetest?2.do+not构成否定句。如：Joedoesn’tliketostudy.Inthepast,manystudentsdidnotknowJoe.3.构成否定祈使句。如：Don’tbesoquiet.

注意：构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。4.放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。如：Docometomybirthdayparty.Ididgotoschoolthismorning.助动词do的用法:3.构成否定祈使句。如：95.用于倒装句，例如：Never

didIhearofsuchathing.OnlywhenwebeginourschoollifedowerealizetheimportanceofEnglish.说明：引导此类倒装句的副词有never,seldom,rarely,little,only,so,well等。5.用于倒装句，例如：说明：引导此类倒装句的副词有neve106.用作代动词，例如：—Do

youlikeNanjing?—Yes,Ido.（do用作代动词，代替likeNanjing）Joeknowshowtodriveacar,doesn’the?6.用作代动词，例如：11

助动词shall和will的用法:shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时，例如：

IshallstudyharderatEnglish.JoewillgotoShanghai.助动词shall和will的用法:12助动词should,would的用法:1.should无词义，是shall的过去式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称。如：ItelephonedJoeyesterdaytoaskwhatIshoulddonextweek.比较：“WhatshallIdonextweek?”Iasked.（shall变成间接引语时，变成了should。）助动词should,would的用法:132.would也无词义，是will的过去式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称。如：

Hesaidhewouldcome.比较：

“Iwillgo,”hesaid.变成间接引语就成了：Hesaidhewouldcome.原来的will变成would，go变成了come。2.would也无词义，是will的过去式，与动词原形构成14短语助动词

由一个助动词和另一个或两个词组组成。如：have(got)to,hadbetter,wouldsooner/rather(…than),beto,belikelyto,besupposedto,oughtto,usedto,beaboutto,beableto,etc.短语助动词由一个助动词和另一个或两个词组组成。15

have(got)to

表示“得做某事”，或提出建议，其否定形式nothaveto意为“不必”。

wouldrather/sooner(…than)的意思是“宁愿”。

beto表示未来的打算和安排，或用于正式指示和命令。have(got)to表示“得做某事”16

belikely的意思是某事有可能发生或可能是真的。

besupposedto用来表示“被期望”或“应该”。其否定形式benotsupposedto用来表示“不允许”。

usedto表示“过去一直”或“过去经常”。belikely的意思是某事有可能发生或17以上内容掌握了吗？以上内容掌握了吗？18bedohave英语助动词情态动词be英语助动词情态动词191.HelikeEnglish.

2.Hesinging.3.Hemarried.4.HesenttoEngland.5.youlikecollegelife?6.youstudyEnglishlastyear?7.cometothepartytomorrowevening.8.Heknowthat.doesn’tAuxiliary

verbsishasgotwasDoDidDodiddoesn’tAuxiliaryverbsishasg20be（am/is/are/was/were/been）do（does/did）have（has/had）modals（shall/should/will/would/can/could/may/might/must/need/dare）Aphrasalauxiliaryverb（have(got)to,hadbetter/wouldsooner/rather(…than)/cannot(help)but/be(not)to/besupposedto/oughtto/usedto/beaboutto/beableto）

Auxiliary

verbsbe（am/is/are/was/were/been）Aux21Auxiliary

verbsThesmallanimalsarekeptinthecages.Heisgivingalecture.TheInternethastoomuchinformationthathasnotbeenevaluatedforaccuracy.Yourhouseisbiggerandnicerthanmine.

Iamtogoabroadonbusinesstomorrow.1.be（am/is/are/was/were/been）

AuxiliaryverbsThesmallanima22Auxiliary

verbsTip:be作为本动词表示状态或客观存在等意思。be+不定词连用,表示约定、义务、命令等未来的动作或状态。be+现在分词构成各种进行时态。be+过去分词构成被动语态。be用于have/has/had后构成完成时。1.be（am/is/are/was/were/been）

AuxiliaryverbsTip:1.be（am/is23Auxiliary

verbsHedidn’tfindanyusefulinformationontheInternet.Thesekindsoferrorsdo

notoccurasoftenwhenpeopleusetraditionalreferencematerials.Then,whydoeshecomehere?

Youdoknowalotaboutcomputers.

NeverdidIseesuchastrangeman.

2.do（does/did）AuxiliaryverbsHedidn’tfind24Auxiliary

verbsTip:do作为助动词时的时态、人称和数的变化有do,does,did三种形式。do+主词+原形动词构成疑问句。do+not+原形动词构成否定句。do(+not)+主词用于附带问句。do+原形动词用于加强语气句。Never(Only)等+do+主词+原形动词用于倒装句。2.do（does/did）

AuxiliaryverbsTip:2.do（does/25Auxiliary

verbsIhaveneverseensuchastrangeman.CanIhavemyhaircutnow?Ioftenhavemyassistanthelpmedoit.3.have（has/had）

Tip:助动词have+过去分词构成完成时态。have+受词+过去分词表示请或让别人做某事。have+受词+原形不定词表示请或让某人做某事。AuxiliaryverbsIhaveneverse264.modals（shall/should/will/would/can/could/may/might/must/need/dare）Auxiliary

verbsOk,Ishalldowhatyousaid.Ishallneverdosuchathing.Youshallgivemeacigarette,orIshalltelltheboss.WhereshallImeetyou?Youshouldworkharder.Youmustputonmoreclothesincase

youshouldcatchacold.4.modals（shall/should/will/wo27Auxiliary

verbsWillyougivemeabook?Thiswillbewhatyouneed.Shewouldstandtheresleepingforhours.Ok,Iwilldoit.AuxiliaryverbsWillyougivem284.modals（shall/should/will/would/can/could/may/might/must/need/dare）Auxiliary

verbsCanIhelpyou,sir?Iamcheckingout.Couldyougivemethebill?Ofcoursewecanwait.Coulditbethechargeforthefruit?Ican't

helpthinkingofit.

4.modals（shall/should/will/wo294.modals（shall/should/will/would/can/could/may/might/must/need/dare）MustIgowithyou?No,youneedn't.Youmustn'tforgetyourmedicalcard.Oh,itiswetoutside.Itmust

have

rainedyesterday.Soitmust

beslipperyoutside.Dobecareful!Youneedn't

have

toldmethatmuch.Auxiliary

verbs4.modals（shall/should/will/wo304.modals（shall/should/will/would/can/could/may/might/must/need/dare）Auxiliary

verbsIdarenotsayitisugly.Howdareyousayso?4.modals（shall/should/will/wo314.modals（shall/should/will/would/can/could/may/might/must/need/dare）Auxiliary

verbsTip:shall表示发言者的意志,包括诺言、决心、强制等;shall用于询问对方的意向。should表示义务，责任等。will用于第二人称疑问句中,询问对方意志或请求。will+原形动词用于所有人称,表意愿。would+原形动词表示过去一段时间的习惯。4.modals（shall/should/will/wo324.modals（shall/should/will/would/can/could/may/might/must/need/dare）Auxiliary

verbsTip:4）can,could在口语中相当于may,might,表示许可。can,could表示能力,相当于beableto。can,could表示怀疑、推测,一般用于疑问句或否定句。can,could用于惯用语。can’thelp或couldn’thelp+动名词表示不得不、忍不住。4.modals（shall/should/will/wo334.modals（shall/should/will/would/can/could/may/might/must/need/dare）Auxiliary

verbsTip:5)must表示必须、义务等,强调主观因素,

haveto,强调客观因素。need可以对must引导的一般疑问句作否定回答。must的否定式表示不准,禁止等意思。must+have+过去分词表示对过去情况的推断。must+原形动词表示对现在情况的推断。needn't+have+过去分词表示过去不必做却已经做了的事。4.modals（shall/should/will/wo344.modals（shall/should/will/would/can/could/may/might/must/need/dare）Auxiliary

verbsTip:6)dare作为情态助动词，一般只能用于疑问句或否定句中。4.modals（shall/should/will/wo355.Aphrasalauxiliaryverb（have(got)to,hadbetter/wouldsooner/rather(…than)/cannot(help)but/be(not)to/besupposedto/oughtto/usedto/beaboutto/beableto）

Auxiliary

verbs5.Aphrasalauxiliaryverb（ha365.Aphrasalauxiliaryverb

Auxiliary

verbsIt’sgettinglate.I’ve(got)togonow.Youdon’t

have

totakeoffyourshoes.Manycountrieswould

ratherbecautiouswiththisnewtechnology.Theticketshadbeensoldout,soIcould

not(help)butgobackhome.Thechildrenare

supposedtobeatschoolbefore8a.m.5.AphrasalauxiliaryverbAux375.Aphrasalauxiliaryverb

Auxiliary

verbsIusedtolovecatsbutnotnow,becauseIwasonceattackedbyabigblackcat.Hedidn’t

use

tosmokewhenhewasyounger.Didheuse

tocomeasoftenashedoesnow?5.AphrasalauxiliaryverbAux381.Jack’sill,sothey______changetheirplans.A.mustB.shouldC.havegottoD.oughtto2.Ifitisfinetomorrow,we______afootballmatch.A.haveB.willhaveC.hasD.shallhas巩固练习1.Jack’sill,sothey______393.Inthepast30yearsChina______greatadvancesinthesocialistrevolutionandsocialistconstruction.

A.hasmadeB.havemadeC.hadmadeD.havingmade

4.I______gotobeduntilI______finishedmywork.

A.don’t/hadB.didn’t/haveC.didn’t/hadD.don’t/have3.Inthepast30yearsChi405.Nosooner______hearrivedhomethanhe______tostartonanotherjourney.

A.has/wasaskedB.have/wereaskedC.had/isaskedD.had/wasasked

6.“______yougivemearoomforthenight?”Iaskedonarrivingatthehotel.

A.ShouldB.CanC.MightD.May

5.Nosooner______hearri417.Hewasagoodrunnersohe______escapefromthepolice.

A.mightB.succeededtoC.wouldD.wasableto8.Ifthey______,ourplanwillfallflat.

A.areco-operatingB.hadnotco-operatedC.won’tco-operateD.didn’tco-operate7.Hewasagoodrunnersohe429.Noone______thattohisface.

A.daressayB.daressayingC.daresayD.daretosay10.Theelephantsought______hoursagobythekeepers.

A.tobefedB.tofeedC.tobeingfedD.tohavebeenfed

9.Noone______thattohisf43英语Auxiliaryverb助动词英语Auxiliaryverb助动词44

协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliaryverb）,被协助的动词称作主要动词（Mainverb）。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用。如：

Joedoesn’tlikeEnglish.

（doesn’t是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)什么是助动词？协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动45Aspirinwasinventedin1897.Joe

doknowalotabouttheInternet.Joe

didn’t

findanyusefulinformationontheInternet.

Auxiliaryverbs(助动词)Aspirinwasinventedin1897.A46a.表示时态。如：Heis

singing.他在唱歌。Hehas

gotmarried.他已结婚。b.表示语态。如：Hewas

senttoEngland.他被派往英国。助动词的主要作用c.构成疑问句。如：Doyoulikecollegelife?DidyoustudyEnglishbeforeyoucamehere?a.表示时态。如：助动词的主要作用c.构成疑问句。如：47d.与否定副词not合用，构成否定句。如：Idon’tlikeJoe.e.加强语气。如：Docometothepartytomorrowevening.Joedidknowthat.d.与否定副词not合用，构成否定句。48常用的助动词有：be,have,do,shall,will,should,would。

助动词be的用法：1.be+现在分词，构成进行时态。如：Wearehavingalesson.Englishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.2.be+过去分词，构成被动语态。如：

ThewindowwasbrokenbyJoe.Englishistaughtthroughouttheworld.常用的助动词有：be,have,do,shall,w493.be+动词不定式，可表示：a.表示最近、未来的计划或安排。如：JoeistogotoNewYorknextweek.Wearetoteachthestudents.这用法也可说成是一种将来时态表达法。b.表示命令。如：Youaretoexplainthis.对此你要做出解释。c.征求意见。如：HowamItoanswerhim?d.表示相约、商定。如：Wearetomeetattheschoolgateatsixtomorrowmorning.3.be+动词不定式，可表示：这用法也可说成是一种b.50助动词have的用法:1.have+过去分词，构成完成时态。如：JoehasleftforLondon.Bytheendoflastmonth,wehaddonehalfoftheirwork.2.have+been+现在分词，构成完成进行时。如：

IhavebeenstudyingEnglishfortenyears.3.have+been+过去分词，构成完成式被动语态。如：

EnglishhasbeentaughtinChinaformanyyears.助动词have的用法:2.have+been+现在分51助动词do的用法:1.构成一般疑问句。如：Doyouwanttopassthetest?2.do+not构成否定句。如：Joedoesn’tliketostudy.Inthepast,manystudentsdidnotknowJoe.3.构成否定祈使句。如：Don’tbesoquiet.

注意：构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。4.放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。如：Docometomybirthdayparty.Ididgotoschoolthismorning.助动词do的用法:3.构成否定祈使句。如：525.用于倒装句，例如：Never

didIhearofsuchathing.OnlywhenwebeginourschoollifedowerealizetheimportanceofEnglish.说明：引导此类倒装句的副词有never,seldom,rarely,little,only,so,well等。5.用于倒装句，例如：说明：引导此类倒装句的副词有neve536.用作代动词，例如：—Do

youlikeNanjing?—Yes,Ido.（do用作代动词，代替likeNanjing）Joeknowshowtodriveacar,doesn’the?6.用作代动词，例如：54

助动词shall和will的用法:shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时，例如：

IshallstudyharderatEnglish.JoewillgotoShanghai.助动词shall和will的用法:55助动词should,would的用法:1.should无词义，是shall的过去式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称。如：ItelephonedJoeyesterdaytoaskwhatIshoulddonextweek.比较：“WhatshallIdonextweek?”Iasked.（shall变成间接引语时，变成了should。）助动词should,would的用法:562.would也无词义，是will的过去式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称。如：

Hesaidhewouldcome.比较：

“Iwillgo,”hesaid.变成间接引语就成了：Hesaidhewouldcome.原来的will变成would，go变成了come。2.would也无词义，是will的过去式，与动词原形构成57短语助动词

由一个助动词和另一个或两个词组组成。如：have(got)to,hadbetter,wouldsooner/rather(…than),beto,belikelyto,besupposedto,oughtto,usedto,beaboutto,beableto,etc.短语助动词由一个助动词和另一个或两个词组组成。58

have(got)to

表示“得做某事”，或提出建议，其否定形式nothaveto意为“不必”。

wouldrather/sooner(…than)的意思是“宁愿”。

beto表示未来的打算和安排，或用于正式指示和命令。have(got)to表示“得做某事”59

belikely的意思是某事有可能发生或可能是真的。

besupposedto用来表示“被期望”或“应该”。其否定形式benotsupposedto用来表示“不允许”。

usedto表示“过去一直”或“过去经常”。belikely的意思是某事有可能发生或60以上内容掌握了吗？以上内容掌握了吗？61bedohave英语助动词情态动词be英语助动词情态动词621.HelikeEnglish.

2.Hesinging.3.Hemarried.4.HesenttoEngland.5.youlikecollegelife?6.youstudyEnglishlastyear?7.cometothepartytomorrowevening.8.Heknowthat.doesn’tAuxiliary

verbsishasgotwasDoDidDodiddoesn’tAuxiliaryverbsishasg63be（am/is/are/was/were/been）do（does/did）have（has/had）modals（shall/should/will/would/can/could/may/might/must/need/dare）Aphrasalauxiliaryverb（have(got)to,hadbetter/wouldsooner/rather(…than)/cannot(help)but/be(not)to/besupposedto/oughtto/usedto/beaboutto/beableto）

Auxiliary

verbsbe（am/is/are/was/were/been）Aux64Auxiliary

verbsThesmallanimalsarekeptinthecages.Heisgivingalecture.TheInternethastoomuchinformationthathasnotbeenevaluatedforaccuracy.Yourhouseisbiggerandnicerthanmine.

Iamtogoabroadonbusinesstomorrow.1.be（am/is/are/was/were/been）

AuxiliaryverbsThesmallanima65Auxiliary

verbsTip:be作为本动词表示状态或客观存在等意思。be+不定词连用,表示约定、义务、命令等未来的动作或状态。be+现在分词构成各种进行时态。be+过去分词构成被动语态。be用于have/has/had后构成完成时。1.be（am/is/are/was/were/been）

AuxiliaryverbsTip:1.be（am/is66Auxiliary

verbsHedidn’tfindanyusefulinformationontheInternet.Thesekindsoferrorsdo

notoccurasoftenwhenpeopleusetraditionalreferencematerials.Then,whydoeshecomehere?

Youdoknowalotaboutcomputers.

NeverdidIseesuchastrangeman.

2.do（does/did）AuxiliaryverbsHedidn’tfind67Auxiliary

verbsTip:do作为助动词时的时态、人称和数的变化有do,does,did三种形式。do+主词+原形动词构成疑问句。do+not+原形动词构成否定句。do(+not)+主词用于附带问句。do+原形动词用于加强语气句。Never(Only)等+do+主词+原形动词用于倒装句。2.do（does/did）

AuxiliaryverbsTip:2.do（does/68Auxiliary

verbsIhaveneverseensuchastrangeman.CanIhavemyhaircutnow?Ioftenhavemyassistanthelpmedoit.3.have（has/had）

Tip:助动词have+过去分词构成完成时态。have+受词+过去分词表示请或让别人做某事。have+受词+原形不定词表示请或让某人做某事。AuxiliaryverbsIhaveneverse694.modals（shall/should/will/would/can/could/may/might/must/need/dare）Auxiliary

verbsOk,Ishalldowhatyousaid.Ishallneverdosuchathing.Youshallgivemeacigarette,orIshalltelltheboss.WhereshallImeetyou?Youshouldworkharder.Youmustputonmoreclothesincase

youshouldcatchacold.4.modals（shall/should/will/wo70Auxiliary

verbsWillyougivemeabook?Thiswillbewhatyouneed.Shewouldstandtheresleepingforhours.Ok,Iwilldoit.AuxiliaryverbsWillyougivem714.modals（shall/should/will/would/can/could/may/might/must/need/dare）Auxiliary

verbsCanIhelpyou,sir?Iamcheckingout.Couldyougivemethebill?Ofcoursewecanwait.Coulditbethechargeforthefruit?Ican't

helpthinkingofit.

4.modals（shall/should/will/wo724.modals（shall/should/will/would/can/could/may/might/must/need/dare）MustIgowithyou?No,youneedn't.Youmustn'tforgetyourmedicalcard.Oh,itiswetoutside.Itmust

have

rainedyesterday.Soitmust

beslipperyoutside.Dobecareful!Youneedn't

have

toldmethatmuch.Auxiliary

verbs4.modals（shall/should/will/wo734.modals（shall/should/will/would/can/could/may/might/must/need/dare）Auxiliary

verbsIdarenotsayitisugly.Howdareyousayso?4.modals（shall/should/will/wo744.modals（shall/should/will/would/can/could/may/might/must/need/dare）Auxiliary

verbsTip:shall表示发言者的意志,包括诺言、决心、强制等;shall用于询问对方的意向。should表示义务，责任等。will用于第二人称疑问句中,询问对方意志或请求。will+原形动词用于所有人称,表意愿。would+原形动词表示过去一段时间的习惯。4.modals（shall/should/will/wo754.modals（shall/should/will/would/can/could/may/might/must/need/dare）Auxiliary

verbsTip:4）can,could在口语中相当于may,might,表示许可。can,could表示能力,相当于beableto。can,could表示怀疑、推测,一般用于疑问句或否定句。can,could用于惯用语。can’thelp或couldn’thelp+动名词表示不得不、忍不住。4.modals（shall/should/will/wo764.modals（shall/should/will/would/can/could/may/might/must/need/dare）Auxiliary

verbsTip:5)must表示必须、义务等,强调主观因素,

haveto,强调客观因素。need可以对must引导的一般疑问句作否定回答。must的否定式表示不准,禁止等意思。must+have+过去分词表示对过去情况的推断。must+原形动词表示对现在情况的推断。needn't+have+过去分词表示过去不必做却已经做了的事。4.modals（shall/should/will/wo774.modals（shall/should/will/would/can/could/may/might/must/need/dare）Auxiliary

verbsTip:6)dare作为情态助动词，一般只能用于疑问句或否定句中。4.modals（shall/should/will/wo785.Aphrasalauxiliaryverb（have(got)to,hadbetter/wouldsooner/rather(…than)/cannot(help)but/be(not)to/besupposedto/oughtto/usedto/beaboutto/beableto）

Auxili