胃癌病人的护理【-】课件

胃癌病人的护理消化道恶性肿瘤中占第一位40-60岁多见男多于女（3:1）【病因】胃幽门螺杆菌感染胃的慢性疾病：如胃溃疡、胃息肉、萎缩性胃炎、胃切除术后残胃等胃粘膜上皮异型性增生（癌前病变）环境、饮食、遗传因素（1）早期胃癌——仅侵及粘膜或粘膜下层者，不论病灶大小或有无淋巴结转移（2）进展期胃癌超过粘膜下层，“中、晚期胃癌”Borrmann分型：结节型、溃疡局限型、溃疡浸润型、弥漫浸润型大体类型结节型溃疡局限型溃疡浸润型以腺癌最多见鳞癌、腺鳞癌、未分化癌、特殊型癌等组织学类型直接浸润：穿透小弯侧浆膜层淋巴结

转移血行转移：肺腹腔种植：

Krukenberg瘤（经腹膜种殖至卵巢）【临床表现】早期症状不明显，可为上腹隐痛不适、嗳气、返酸、食欲下降呕吐、进食梗阻感出血：呕血、便血、潜出血贫血、消瘦、恶病质晚期上腹部可触及肿块转移表现：左锁骨上淋巴结肿大、肝肿大、腹水【诊断检查】血常规：贫血大便常规：OB试验阳性X线钡餐检查胃镜检查腹部B超、超声胃镜CT脱落细胞学检查【处理原则】：早期发现、早期诊断、早期治疗手术为主的综合治疗1.溃疡病幽门梗阻病人的主要临床表现：突发上腹部剧烈疼痛呕血、黑便肠鸣音消失腹膜刺激征呕吐大量宿食2.胃、十二指肠溃疡急性大出血主要临床表现：突发上腹部剧烈疼痛呕血、黑便肠鸣音消失腹膜刺激征呕吐宿食3.以下有关胃、十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔的临床表现的叙述错误的是：肠鸣音亢进腹式呼吸减弱肝浊音界缩小有时可出现右下腹疼痛突发上腹部剧烈疼痛5.胃大部切除后，最早易出现的并发症是：吻合口瘘倾倒综合征上消化道出血低血糖综合症十二指肠残端破裂6.女性病人，毕Ⅱ式胃大部切除术后第5天，突发右上腹剧痛，伴有腹膜刺激征，应考虑：吻合口瘘倾倒综合征上消化道出血低血糖综合症十二指肠残端破裂7.男性病人，胃大部切除术后一周，进食后出现上腹饱胀，呕吐，呕吐物中无胆汁，可能发生了：吻合口梗阻倾倒综合症十二指肠残端破裂吻合口近端空肠段梗阻吻合口远端空肠段梗阻8.胃癌最好发的部位是：胃小弯贲门部胃窦部胃底部胃体部9.胃大部切除术后2天内，除生命体征外应重点观察的是：神志伤口敷料肠鸣音腹胀胃管引流液10.溃疡病急性穿孔非手术治疗期间最重要的护理措施是：半卧位补液胃肠减压应用抗生素全身支持治疗11.女性病人，50岁，胃大部切除术后2周，患者进食后约15分钟出现上腹饱胀，恶心、呕吐、头晕、心悸、出汗、腹泻等，应考虑并发了：吻合口炎症吻合口梗阻倾倒综合征吻合口破裂消化道出血ba9764310-)(&%!#YXVUTRQONLKJHGEDBAyxwutrqonlkjhgedba8764310-)*&%!#YXVUSRQONLKIHFEDBAyxvusrqonlkihfedba8754210-)*&$!ZYXVUSRPONLKIHFECBAyxvusrponlkihfecba875421+-)*&$!ZYWVUSRPOMLJIHFECBzywvusrpomljihfecb9865421+-(*%$!ZYWVTSQPOMLJIGFECBzywvtsrpomljigfecb9865321+-(*%$#ZYWVTSQPNMLJIGFDCAzywvtsqpnmljigfdca9865320+)(*%$#ZXWUTSQPNMKJIGFDCAzxwvtsqpnmkjigfdca9765320+)(&%$#ZXWUTRQPNMKJHGEDCAzxwutrqpnmkjhgedca9764310+)(&%!#YXWUTRQONLKJHGEDBAzxwutrqonmkjhgedba9764310-)(&%!#YXVUTRQONLKIHGEDBAyxvutrqonlkihgedba8754310-)*&$!#YXVUSRPONLKIHFECBAyxvusrqonlkihfedba8754210-)*&$!ZYXVUSRPOMLKIHFECBzyxvusrpomlkihfecb9875421+-(*&$!ZYWVTSRPOMLJIGFECBzywvusrpomljihfecb9865421+-(*%$!ZYWVTSQPOMLJIGFDCBzywvtsqpomljigfdcb9865320+-(*%$#ZXWVTSQPNMKJIGFDCAzxwvtsqpnmljigfdca9865320+)(*%$#ZXWUTSQPNMKJHGFDCAzxwutsqpnmkjhgfdca9764320+)(&%!#ZXWUTRQONMKJHGEDBAzxwutrqonmkjhgedca9764310+)(&%!#YXWUTRQONLKJHGEDBAyxwutrqonlkjhgedba8764310-)*&%!#YXVUSRQONLKIHFEDBAyxvusrqonlkihgedba8754310-)*&$!#YXVUSRPONLKIHFECBAyxvusrponlkihfecba875421+-)*&$!ZYWVUSRPOMLJIHFECBzywvusrpomljihfecb9875421+-(*&$!ZYWVTSRPOMLJIGFECBzywvtsrpomljigfecb9865321+-(*%$#ZYWVTSQPNMLJIGFDCAzywvtsqpnmljigfdcb9865320+-(*%$#ZXWVTSQPNMKJIGFDCAzxwvtsqpnmkjigfdca9765320+)(&%$#ZXWUTRQPNMKJHGEDCAzxwutrqpnmkjhgedca9764320+)(&%!#ZXWUTRQONMKJHGEDBAzxwutrqonmkjhgedba9764310-)(&%!#YXVUTRQONLKIHGEDBAyxvutrqonlkihgedba8754310-)*&%!#YXVUSRQONLKIHFEDBAyxvusrqonlkihfedba8754210-)*&$!ZYXVUSRPOMLKIHFECBzyxvusrpomlkihfecb9875421+-)*&$!ZYWVUSRPOMLJIHFECBzywvusrpomljihfecb9865421+-(*%$!ZYWVTSQPOMLJIGFDCBzywvtsqpomljigfdcb9865320+-(*%$#ZYWVTSQPNMLJIGFDCAzywvtsqpnmljigfdca9865320+)(*%$#ZXWUTSQPNMKJHGFDCAzxwutsqpnmkjhgfdca9764320+)(&%!#ZXWUTRQPNMKJHGEDCAzxwutrqpnmkjhgedca9764310+)(&%!#YXWUTRQONLKJHGEDBAyxwutrqonlkjhgedba8764310-)*&%!#YXVUTRQONLKIHGEDBAyxvutrqonlkihgedba8754310-)*&$!#YXVUtsqpnmljigfdca9865320+)(*%$#ZXWUTSQPNMKJHGFDCAzxwutsqpnmkjhgfdca9765320+)(&%$#ZXWUTRQPNMKJHGEDCAzxwutrqpnmkjhgedca9764310+)(&%!#YXWUTRQONLKJHGEDBAyxwutrqonlkjhgedba8764310-)(&%!#YXVUTRQONLKIHGEDBAyxvutrqonlkihgedba8754310-)*&$!#YXVUSRPONLKIHFECBAyxvusrponlkihfecba875421+-)*&$!ZYXVUSRPOMLKIHFECBzyxvusrpomlkihfecb9875421+-(*&$!ZYWVTSRPOMLJIGFECBzywvtsrpomljigfecb9865321+-(*%$!ZYWVTSQPOMLJIGFDCBzywvtsqpomljigfdcb9865320+-(*%$#ZXWVTSQPNMKJIGFDCAzxwvtsqpnmkjigfdca9765320+)(&%$#ZXWUTSQPNMKJHGFDCAzxwutsqpnmkjhgfdca9764320+)(&%!#ZXWUTRQONMKJHGEDBAzxwutrqonmkjhgedba9764310-)(&%!#YXVUTRQONLKJHGEDBAyxwutrqonlkjhgedba8764310-)*&%!#YXVUSRQONLKIHFEDBAyxvusrqonlkihfedba8754210-)*&$!ZYXVUSRPONLKIHFECBAyxvusrponlkihfecba875421+-)*&$!ZYWVUSRPOMLJIHFECBzywvusrpomljihfecb9865421+-(*%$!ZYWVTSQPOMLJIGFECBzywvtsrpomljigfecb9865321+-(*%$#ZYWVTSQPNMLJIGFDCAzywvtsqpnmljigfdca9865320+)(*%$#ZXWUTSQPNMKJIGFDCAzxwvtsqpnmkjigfdca9765320+)(&%$#ZXWUTRQPNMKJHGEDCAzxwutrqpnmkjhgedca9764310+)(&%!#YXWUTRQONLKJHGEDBAzxwutrqonmkjhgedba9764310-)(&%!+-(*%$#ZXWVTSQPNMKJIGFDCAzxwvtsqpnmkjigfdca9865320+)(*%$#ZXWUTSQPNMKJHGFDCAzxwutsqpnmkjhgfdca9764320+)(&%!#ZXWUTRQONMKJHGEDBAzxwutrqonmkjhgedca9764310+)(&%!#YXWUTRQONLKJHGEDBAyxwutrqonlkjhgedba8764310-)*&%!#YXVUSRQONLKIHFEDBAyxvusrqonlkihfedba8754310-)*&$!#YXVUSRPONLKIHFECBAyxvusrponlkihfecba875421+-)*&$!ZYWVUSRPOMLJIHFECBzywvusrpomljihfecb9875421+-(*&$!ZYWVTSRPOMLJIGFECBzywvtsrpomljigfecb9865321+-(*%$#ZYWVTSQPNMLJIGFDCAzywvtsqpnmljigfdca9865320+-(*%$#ZXWVTSQPNMKJIGFDCAzxwvtsqpnmkjigfdca9765320+)(&%$#ZXWUTRQPNMKJHGEDCAzxwutrqpnmkjhgedca9764310+)(&%!#ZXWUTRQONMKJHGEDBAzxwutrqonmkjhgedba9764310-)(&%!#YXVUTRQONLKIHGEDBAyxvutrqonlkihgedba8754310-)*&%!#YXVUSRQONLKIHFEDBAyxvusrqonlkihfedba8754210-)*&$!ZYXVUSRPOMLKIHFECBzyxvusrpomlkihfecb9875421+-(*&$!ZYWVUSRPOMLJIHFECBzywvusrpomljihfecb9865421+-(*%$!ZYWVTSQPOMLJIGFDCBzywvtsqpomljigfdcb9865320+-(*%$#ZXWVTSQPNMLJIGFDCAzywvtsqpnmljigfdca9865320KIHFEDBAyxvusrqonlkihfedba8754210-)*&$!ZYXVUSRPOMLKIHFECBzyxvusrpomlkihfecb9875421+-)*&$!ZYWVUSRPOMLJIHFECBzywvusrpomljihfecb9865421+-(*%$!ZYWVTSQPOMLJIGFDCBzywvtsqpomljigfdcb9865321+-(*%$#ZYWVTSQPNMLJIGFDCAzywvtsqpnmljigfdca9865320+)(*%$#ZXWUTSQPNMKJHGFDCAzxwutsqpnmkjhgfdca9764320+)(&%$#ZXWUTRQPNMKJHGEDCAzxwutrqpnmkjhgedca9764310+)(&%!#YXWUTRQONLKJHGEDBAyxwutrqonlkjhgedba8764310-)*&%!#YXVUTRQONLKIHGEDBAyxvutrqonlkihgedba8754310-)*&$!#YXVUSRPONLKIHFECBAyxvusrponlkihfecba875421+-)*&$!ZYXV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