阅读理解专项突破 推理判断题学案-高考英语专题复习

高考英语阅读理解专项突破——推理判断题Class:NO.Name:解题指导根据考试说明，高考阅读理解能力包含作出判断和推理的能力。这类题目要求考生根据文章的某个句子、某个段落或者全文所提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。 通过寻读，迅速在文章中找到相关信息点。不但要理解相关信息点的字面意义，而且要由表及里、由浅入深地分析。以文中提供的信息为依据，结合常识，作出符合逻辑的推断。注意：①任何推断都必须要以原文内容为依据，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。②切忌选择表层信息答案，应该立足已知推断未知。③避免推理过头，引申过度。2020全国Ⅱ卷C，332词，难度★★★Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn’tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion(时装)enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海狸鼠).UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefurunlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear”,saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdowntherecan’thandlethisnon-nativespecies(物种).It’sdestroyingtheenvironment.“It’sthemorus.”saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.Thefurtradekeptnutriacheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit’snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton’sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.Thenthere’sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashion.Morgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.She’stryingtocomeupwithalabletoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.()1.WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?A.Topromoteguilt-freefur.B.Toexpandthefashionmarket.C.Tointroduceanewbrand.D.Tocelebrateawinterholiday.()2.

Whyarescientistsconcerned

about

nutria?A.

Nutria

damage

the

ecosystem

seriously.B.Nutria

are

an

endangered

species.C.Nutriahurt

local

cat-sized

animals.D.Nutria

are

illegallyhunted.()3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed”inParagraph5probably

mean?A.

Boomed.B.

Became

mature.C.

Remained

stable.

D.

Crashed.()4.

What

can

we

infer

about

wearing

fur

in

New

York

according

to

Morgan?A.

It’s

formal. B.

It’s

risky. C.

It’s

harmful. D.

It’s

traditional.答案：A【从第二段可知答案】通过这两个地名，我们把答案定位到第二段。第一段是背景信息，大意是一些人希望重新振兴海狸鼠皮草市场。A.为了推广guilt-free皮草。-free作为合成词的一部分，意思是“没有……的”“免除……的”，比如duty-free免税的，carefree无忧无虑的。guilt-free就是“不内疚的”，因为动物皮草涉及到虐待动物，所以guilt-freefur就是穿上也无需内疚的皮草。故选A。答案：A【从第三段第一句可知答案】信息对应：scientistsinLousianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail。这是一个so...that...引导的结果状语从句，这句话只是说到了他们很concerned，以及concerned的结果，并没有提到原因，所以原因在前面。上一段中提到thenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear（海狸鼠每年都破坏大量的湿地），这句话是用来解释为什么说穿上皮草也无需再内疚，同时也是科学家决定付钱给海狸鼠捕猎者的原因。所以答案是A。答案：D【解析】在几十年的时间里，皮草交易控制住了海狸鼠的数量。后面出现了转折but，但是，当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代collapse之后，海狸鼠就一直在疯狂繁殖。Thecat-sizedanimals指的就是海狸鼠；multiplyvi.繁殖（最常用的意思是倍增；相乘）。所以结合句意，我们也能够判断出来这句话是在说海狸鼠市场变得不景气。答案：B【从最后一段第二句可知答案】题干中专有名词（人名Morgan，地名NewYork）比较多，所以这道题比较容易定位。看一下Morgan的这句话：Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.这是他对未来的一个猜想（that’sgoingtobe），意思是说给人们一个选择，穿这种皮草无需感到内疚，也不会有人往你的身上泼油漆——这是一个巨大的工程（amassivething）。所以，可推断现状是：在纽约穿皮草可能会被泼油漆。因此确定答案是B。练习ToddBol,aretiredbusinessman,couldneverhaveexpectedthatawoodencontainerhebuiltinhisfrontyardonedaywouldhavetheglobalimpactitdoestoday.Bolbuiltadollhouse-sizestructurethatlookedlikeaschoolhouseonapostandheputitinhisyardasafreecommunitylibrarytorememberhismother,whowasabookloverandschoolteacher.Bol’sprototypegavebirthtoLittleFreeLibrary(LFL),anonprofitorganizationthatseekstoplacesmall,accessiblebookexchangeboxesinneighborhoodsaroundtheworld.Theconceptissimple:neighborsareinvitedtoshareabook,leaveabook,orboth.Today,thereareover50,000oftheselibrariesregisteredin70countries.AlmosteveryonecanregisterwithLFLandstartalibraryaslongasthepersonkeepsitingoodshapeandmakessurethatbookmaterialsareappropriateforhis/herneighborhood.Libraryownerscancreatetheirownlibraryboxes;therefore,thelibrariesareusuallyuniqueinappearance,andthereseemstobenolimittothepossibilities.OnelibraryinCaliforniawasbuiltoutofausedwinecontainer;anotherinTexashadtinystairsandbright-coloredwalls.Onceregistered,librariesareassignedanumberatLFL’swebsite.TheLFLIndexliststhelocationsofalllibrarieswithGPScoordinates(坐标)andotherinformation.Ownersreceiveasignsaying“LittleFreeLibrary”.PeoplesaytheyhavebeenattractedtopickupabookwhenwalkingbyaLittleFreeLibrary,outofcuriosityandbecauseofitsconvenience.Somesidewalk(街头的)librarianssaytheyhavemetmoreneighborssincehavingalittlelibraryintheirfrontyard.BolisalsomostproudofthewayLittleFreeLibraryisbringingcommunitiestogether.“It’sstartedaneighborhoodexchange.Itgetspeopletalkingandmorecomfortablewiththeirneighbors,”hesays.“Thisleadstothemhelpingeachother.”()1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prototype”inParagraph2referto?A.Acommunitycenter.B.Adollhouseonapost.C.Abookexchangebox. D.Anonprofitorganization.()2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheoperationofaLittleFreeLibrary?A.Thereisnolimittotheselectionofbooks.B.Thelibrarycancomeinanyshapeandcolor.C.Thelibraryneedstohiremanyprofessionallibrarians.D.TheownerwillnotbeassignedanumberfromtheLFLwebsite.()3.WhatcanbeinferredaboutLittleFreeLibrary?A.IthelpsimproveGPSfunctions. B.Ithelpsrestorehumanconnections.C.Itconnectslibrariesaroundtheworld. D.Itmakesreadingaccessibletothepoor.()4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.LFL:ABoostertoSharedReadingB.LFL:TheBestPlacetoMeetNeighborsC.ToddBol:ASuccessfulBookBusinessmanD.Reading:AnApproachtoImprovingYourself【翻译练习】请从文章中找到下面句子，并将其翻译成中文。1.[P2]Bolbuiltadollhouse-sizestructure…whowasabookloverandschoolteacher.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.[P3]Libraryownerscancreatetheirownlibraryboxes…nolimittothepossibilities.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.[P4]Bolisalsomostproud…bringingcommunitiestogether.“It’sstartedaneighborhoodexchange.Itgetspeople…withtheirneighbors,”hesays.“Thisleadstothemhelpingeachother.”______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.[P2]Bol’sprototypegavebirthtoLittleFreeLibrary(LFL)…inneighborhoodsaroundtheworld.Theconceptissimple…leaveabook,orboth.Today,thereareover…registeredin70countries.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【词汇过关】请写出下面英文单词在文章中的中文意思。1.global/ˈɡləʊbl/adj.____________________2.impact/ˈɪmpækt/n.____________________3.structure/ˈstrʌktʃə/n.__________________4.schoolhouse/ˈskuːlhaʊs/n._____________5.lover/ˈlʌvə/n.________________________6.seek/siːk/v.__________________________7.accessible/əkˈsesəbl/adj._______________8.exchange/ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/n._______________9.concept/ˈkɒnsept/n.____________________10.register/ˈredʒɪstə/v.___________________11.material/məˈtɪəriəl/n.__________________12.appropriate/əˈprəʊpriət/adj.____________13.unique/juˈniːk/adj.____________________14.assign/əˈsaɪn/v._______________________15.curiosity/ˌkj