高考英语二轮复习语法精讲精练专题十：名词性从句（含解析）

高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题十：名词性从句名词性从句是比较重要的语法项目。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对名词性从句列了四项：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。全国卷新课标Ⅰ对名词性从句的考查一般在语法填空和短文改错中，主要考查从句引导词的用法。2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查名词性从句。2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第71题（短文改错）考查了宾语从句的引导词，MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothatIlive.本句中须将that改为where。2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查了名词性从句。在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。名词可以充当句子的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，因此，名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。=1\*GB3①Whatwasmostimportanttoherwasherfamily.(主语从句)=2\*GB3②Idon’tknowwhatyouwanttosay.(宾语从句)=3\*GB3③Thegoodnewsisthatwehavewonthegame.(表语从句)=4\*GB3④Thenewsthatwehavewonthegameistrue.(同位语从句)引导名词性从句的关联词：从属连词that,because疑问代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whether,if疑问副词when,where,why,how,缩合连接词whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever,however,whenever,wherever关联短语asif,asthough注意：连词that在引导名词性从句时无词义，不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不能省略，在引导宾语从句时，口语或非正式的文体中常被省去；疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接词以及关联短语在句中既保留自己的含义又起连接作用，在从句中充当成分。名词性从句一般都用陈述句的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。例如：=1\*GB3①Theproblemiswhathehasdonetothelittleboy.=2\*GB3②Wealldon’tknowwhenhewillcome.1.主语从句在复合句中作主语的句子叫主语从句主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。例如：=1\*GB3①Thathestoleabikewastrue.=2\*GB3②Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.=3\*GB3③Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.=4\*GB3④WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.=5\*GB3⑤Whetherhecanpasstheexamdependsonwhetherhestudyhardornot.=6\*GB3⑥Whateveryoudoisnoneofmybusiness.=7\*GB3⑦Whoevercomestoourlibrarywillbewelcome.单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。例如：=1\*GB3①Whereandwhenhewasbornhasnotbeenfound.=2\*GB3②Whenthepersonwasmurderedandwhyhewasmurderedarestillunknown.主语从句比较长的时候，为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1）It+be+名词+主语从句。例如：=1\*GB3①Itisafactthathehasgoneabroad.=2\*GB3②Itisapitythatyoumissedthesportsmeetinglastweek.（2）It+be+形容词+主语从句。例如：=1\*GB3①Itisobviousthathetoldalie.=2\*GB3②Itiscertainthathewillwinthegame.（3）It+be+过去分词+主语从句。例如：=1\*GB3①Itissaidthatshewillcometothepartytomorrow.=2\*GB3②Ithasnotbeenannouncedwhentheplanearetotakeoff.（4）It+不及物动词+主语从句。例如：=1\*GB3①Ithappenedthatthemeetingwascanceledthatday.=2\*GB3②ItoccurredtomethatIhadforgottentobringmywallet.注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气(should)+do，常用的句型是：Itisnecessary/important/natural/strange/essential,etc.)that…例如：=1\*GB3①It’snecessarythatyoushouldstudyhard.=2\*GB3②Itisstrangethatheshouldsaythat.=3\*GB3③Itisessentialthatacollegestudentshouldmasteratleastaforeignlanguage.2.宾语从句在复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。例如：=1\*GB3①Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.=2\*GB3②Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.=3\*GB3③Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.1).由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：Hehastoldme(that)hewillleaveWuhanandthathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.注意:在insist,suggest,advise,decide,demand,desire,require,request,order,command等表示“坚持、建议、决定、要求、命令”（“坚决要命”）等意义的动词后，宾语从句中谓语部分常用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形。例如：=1\*GB3①Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.=2\*GB3②Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.但是,如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲,insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲，则其后的宾语从句中用陈述语气。例如：=1\*GB3①Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathehadpassedtheexamination.=2\*GB3②Theboyinsistedthathehadnotstolenthemoney.2).用whether或if引导的宾语从句whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有ornot时或介词后的宾语从句中只能用whether连接。其它名词性从句，如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中表示“是否”只用whether.介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，要用whether和what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except,but,besides等之后才用。例如：=1\*GB3①Idon’tcareaboutwhetheryouhavemoneyornot.=2\*GB3②Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.=3\*GB3③Heseldomloseshistemperexceptthatyoumakeafoolofhim.3).宾语从句中的时态呼应宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态。例如：=1\*GB3①IknowthathestudiesEnglisheveryday.=2\*GB3②IknowthathestudiedEnglishlastterm.=3\*GB3③Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.=4\*GB3④WeallknowthathehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句中的语动只能用过去时的某种形式，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等。例如：=1\*GB3①Webelievedthathehadearnedenoughmoneytobuildahouse.=2\*GB3②TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica．当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：Theteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeast.4).当主句是I/Wethink(suppose,expect,believe,guess,imagine)时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词not从从句中转移到主句中成为否定的转移。例如：=1\*GB3①Wedon’tbelievethathewillwinthegame.=2\*GB3②Idon’tthinkhewilldoso.注意：doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/if引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用that引导名词性从句。besure用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接that引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/if引导的名词性从句。例如：=1\*GB3①Idoubtwhetherhewillcometomorrow.=2\*GB3②Thereisnodoubtthathewillcometomorrow.=3\*GB3③Iamsurethathewillwinthegame.=4\*GB3④Iamnotsurewhetherhewillwinthegame.3.表语从句在复合句中作表语的句子叫表语从句。表语从句常放在系动词之后。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用asif,because引导。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+表语从句。例如：=1\*GB3①Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.=2\*GB3②That’sjustwhatIwant.=3\*GB3③Thisiswhereourproblemlies.=4\*GB3④Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.=5\*GB3⑤Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.=6\*GB3⑥Thisisbecausehemissedthetrainbyoneminute.注意：当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.4.同位语从句在复合句中作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。同位语从句用于解释说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名词后,如news,idea,information,fact,hope,thought,belief等，用来说明名词所表示的具体内容，引导同位语从句的连接词通常有that,whether和连接副词when,where,why,how；连接代词who，what，whose，which也可以引导同位语从句。例如：=1\*GB3①Thenewsthathewonthefirstplacewastrue.=2\*GB3②Itisaquestionhowhedidit.=3\*GB3③Theproblemwhetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.=4\*GB3④Wehaven’tsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.=5\*GB3⑤Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.=6\*GB3⑥Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.同位语从句一般紧跟在被解释的名词之后，但有时候也可以分开，将从句放在句末。例如：=1\*GB3①Thesuggestioncamefromthechairmanthatthenewruleshouldbeadopted.=2\*GB3②WordcamethatMr.Presidentwouldcomeandinspectourschool.5.同位语从句与定语从句的区别

（1）定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句解释说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。

=1\*GB3①The

plane

that

has

just

taken

off

is

for

Paris.

（定语从句）

=2\*GB3②The

fact

that

he

has

died

is

quite

clear.

（同位语从句）

（2）定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that

引导，在从句中不充当句子成分；where,

when,

how,

who,

whether,

what

等连词也可以引导同位语从句，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。

=1\*GB3①The

news

that

he

told

me

is

true.

（定语从句）=2\*GB3②The

news

that

he

has

just

died

is

true.

（同位语从句）=3\*GB3③The

problem

that

we’re

facing

now

is

how

we

can

collect

so

much

money.

(定语从句)=4\*GB3④The

problem

how

we

can

collect

so

much

money

is

hardto

solve.

（同位语从句）=5\*GB3⑤The

question

that

he

raised

puzzled

all

of

us.

（定语从句）=6\*GB3⑥The

question

whetherheissuretowinthegameishardtoanswer.（同位语从句）

（3）同位语从句与先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子,

而定语从句则不能。如：

=1\*GB3①Theideathatwecanasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.（同位语从句）→The

idea

is

that

we

can

ask

the

teacher

for

advice.

=2\*GB3②The

fact

that

the

earth

moves

around

the

sun

is

known

to

all.

（同位语从句）

→The

fact

is

that

the

earth

moves

around

the

sun.

=3\*GB3③Pay

attention

to

the

problem

how

we

can

protect

the

wild

animals.

（同位语从句）

→The

problem

is

how

we

can

protect

the

wild

animals.高考英语短文改错及语法填空分析与训练·名词性从句考点规律分析:名词性从句短文改错改错考点主要涉及从句引导词的误用、缺失以及多余。语法填空主要涉及从句引导词的选择。名词性从句单句改错之真题训练：1.…butitdidn’tmatterthatIwouldwinornot.(全国卷)2..(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothatIlive3.(2016·全国Ⅱ)Thesummerholidayiscoming.MyclassmatesandIaretalkingabouthowtododuringtheholiday.4.Besides,Ihavefewfriends,Idon’tknowthattheydon’tliketotalkwithme.(全国卷)名词性从句单句改错之提升训练：1.

It’s

uncertain

that

the

experiment

is

worth

doing.

2.That

is

hard

is

to

do

good

all

one's

life

and

never

do

anything

bad.

3.What

the

boy

didn't

take

medicine

made

his

mother

angry.

4.What

he

really

means

is

what

he

disagrees

with

us.

5.Ifwecan

finish

translating

the

book

depends

on

the

time.

6.That

is

that

Lu

Xun

once

lived.

7.

The

fact

which

she

had

not

said

anything

surprised

all

of

us.

8.

Thereisnodoubtwhetherhewillcometomorrow.9.

Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasbecausehemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.10.Thathewantstotellusisnotclear.名词性从句单句语法填空之真题训练：1.(2016·全国Ⅰ，阅读B)Wenowrealize________importantfamilyisandhowimportanttobenearthem,especiallywhenyou’reraisingchildren.2.(2016·全国Ⅱ，阅读B)Membersleavebooksonparkbenchesandbuses,intrainstationsandcoffeeshops.________findstheirbookwillgotothesiteandrecordwheretheyfoundit.3.(2016·全国Ⅱ，阅读D)Thejourneywasintendedtoachievemorethan________CaptainRobertFalconScotthaddone.4.(2016·北京，29)Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonis________onecanbeentirelydust.5.(2016·四川，七选五)Scientistsarestillnotexactlysure________genesinfluenceaging,buttheybelievethattheydo.6.(2016·江苏，21)Itisoftenthecase________anythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.7.(2015·湖南，26)Youhavetoknow________you'regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.8.(2015·北京，33)Itrulybelieve________beautycomesfromwithin.9.(2015·重庆，8)Wemustfindout________Karliscoming,sowecanbookaroomforhim.10.(2015·四川，8)Theexhibitiontellsus________weshoulddosomethingtostopairpollution.11.(2015·安徽，25)Ashipinharborissafe,butthat'snot________shipsarebuiltfor.12.(2014·大纲全国，24)Exactly________thepotatowasintroducedintoEuropeisuncertain，butitwasprobablyaround1565.学习札记：参考答案及解析名词性从句单句改错之真题训练：1.that改为whether，whether与ornot搭配，表示“是否”2.that－where考查从句连词。该句是宾语从句，意为“靠近我住的地方”，that改为where。3.how→what考查疑问词的用法。我和同学们正在谈论假期里做什么。固定表达whattodo，如何用how结构为howtodosth。4.that改为why，why引