Unit1 单元学案-高中英语牛津译林版必修第三册

新译林：必修三第一单元小结单元派生词第一组1．(vt.&

n．)伤害→

(adj.)有害的→

(adj.)无害的；不会引起损伤的2.

(n.)(同一事物)不同种类；多种样式→(adj.)各种各样的；多方面的→

(v.)变化；改变3.(vi.&

vt.)生存；挺过(难关)→(n.)生存；幸存4.

(vi.)消失，失踪→

(vi.)出现→

(n.)外貌；出现5.____________（adj.）农业的→___________（n．）农业6.________（n．）长度

→________（adj.）

长的7.

(n.)重要性，意义→

(adj.)有重大意义的；显著的8.

(vi.&

vt.)呼吸→(n.)呼吸9.

(n.)死亡→(vi.)死→(adj.)死的→(adj.)致命的(adv.)非常10.

(adj.)非常坏(或非常好、非常极端)的，令人难以置信的→(adj.)可信的→v．相信→(n.)看法；信念11.

(n.)增加，增长；成长，生长→(v.)长大，生长答案1.harm;harmful;harmless

2.

variety;various;vary

3.

survive;survival

4.

disappear;appear;appearance

5.agricultural；agriculture

6.length；long

7.

significance;significant

8.

breathe;breath

9.

death;die;dead;deadly

10.

unbelievable;believable;believe；belief

11.

growth;grow第二组：1.

(n.)世界，全球；地球仪；球体

→(adj.)全球的→(adv.)全球地2.

(vi.&

vt.)申请；使用，应用→(n.)申请→(n.)申请者3.

(vt.)组织，筹备；安排，处理→

(n.)组织→

(n.)组织者4.

(n.)保护→(vt.)保护→(adj.)保护的；防卫的5.

(n.&

v．)安慰；舒适→(adj.)舒适的→(adv.)舒适地6.

(adj.)环境的

→(n.)环境

7.

(vt.)推荐；建议，劝告；介绍

→(n.)推荐；建议(vi.)做出反应，回应→(n.)响应，反应；回答，答复答案：globe;global;globally

2.

apply;application;applicant

3.

organize;organization;organizer

4.protection;protect;protective

5.

comfort;comfortable;comfortably

6.environmental;environment

7.

recommend;recommendation

8.

respond;response第三组：1.

(n.)防御；保护→(v.)防守；防护；辩护→(adj.)防卫的；防御的；辩护的2.

(adj)官方的，正式的→(adv.)官方地→(n.)办公室3.

_____adj.贫穷的；可怜的；贫乏的；卑鄙的→_______n．贫困；困难；缺少；低劣4.

(n.)毒药，毒物(vt)．毒害，下毒→(adj.)有毒的5.

(n.)药剂师，药商；化学家→

(n.)化学→

(adj.)化学的6.

(n.)结果，后果→(adj.)随之发生的→(adv.)因此，所以7.

________

(v.)

发展；培养；开发

→__________

(n.)

发展；培养；开发

→________

(n.

)开发者，开发商

→________

(adj.

)发达的

→___________(

adj.

)发展中的8.

(n.)责任，职责→

(adj.)负责的；尽责的→

(adj.)不负责任的(n.)要求，规定→(vt.)要求答案：1.

defence;defend;defensive

2.

official;officially;office

3.poor;poverty

4.

poison;poisonous

5.

chemist;chemistry;chemical

6.

consequence;consequent;consequently

7.develop;development;developer;developed;developing

8.

responsibility;responsible;irresponsible

9.

requirement;require重要句式：1.

Welcometothejungle,

____________________(这是一片绿色的海洋)

withthesoundsofanimals.2.

Asthelargestrainforestintheworld,it

____________________(发挥着重要作用)

maintainingthefinebalanceoftheEarth’secosystem.3.

Theforest’sdifferentlevels

____________________(提供了食物和栖息之地给)

an

unbelievablevarietyofwildlife.4.

________________________(上面是大量的落叶)litteronthedarkforestfloor.5.

Eachleveloftheforestformsitsownlittleworld,

____________________(是各种生物的家园).6.

Although

____________________(濒临灭绝)

inotherareas,jaguarscanstillsurvivehere.7.

Whenajaguardies,atinyarmyofmicroorganisms

____________________(帮助分解它的尸体)andreturnthenutrientstotheearth.

8.

TheAmazonrainforest

____________________(使得地球生生不息)

byfixingcarbonandproducingover20percentofalltheEarth’soxygen.9.

Thus,itisoften

____________________(被称为)

the“lungsoftheplanet”.10.

Moreover,theAmazonrainforestis

____________________(一个物种宝库)

thatcanbeusedforfoodormedicine.11.

Astheimpactofhumanactivitiescontinuestogrowandthelistofspecies

____________________(濒临灭绝的危险)

becomeslonger,weareleftwithaquestion:canweaffordtodamagethe“lungsoftheplanet”?

12.

Allofthem

____________________(提出了创造性的想法)

howtosolvetheseproblems.13.

Some

____________________(呼吁应用)

ofmoderntechnology,andothersachangeoflifestyle.14.Weuseellipsis

____________________(来避免重复)

whosemeaningsareclear.15.

ItwasorganizedbyGreenHope,anorganization

____________________(致力于保护森林的).16.

AtfirstIdidn’twanttotakepartintheforestclean-upactivity,butthenIthought,“____________________(如果没人去怎么办？)?”17.

Joe

____________________(把我们分成两组):onegroupcleanedupthenorthsideoftheforest,andtheothergroupcleanedupthesouthsideoftheforest.18.

YoucansignupwithJoeifyou____________________(愿意帮忙).19.

Whenyouthinkofafearsomehunter,imagesoflionsandsharksmay

____________________(立刻跃入脑海).20.

Recentresearchbyenvironmentalscientists,however,showsthatinfact,humanbeings

____________________(对......的影响最大)

animalpopulations.21.

Asthehumanpopulationcontinuestogrow,

____________________(我们对......的影响也在不断增加)

onanimals.22.____________________(今晚和我们一起来到演播室的)

areJamesSmith,alocalresident;VincentBrown,seniormanagerofalocalfactory;andJulieArcher,headoftheNorgateEnvironmentalProtectionCommittee.23.

It’salsogivenmeacoughthatIcan’t

____________________(变好).24.

People

____________________(倾向于把工厂与......联系起来)

picturesofcloudsofdirtysmokeandirresponsiblebusinessmeneagertomakehugeprofits.25.

____________________(为工厂说句公道话),however,I’dliketopointoutthattheyalsotrytocontroltheamountofpollutiontheyproduce.26.

IthinkIspeakforallfactorymanagerswhenIsaywe____________________(非常关心环境)

theenvironment.27.

We’vebeen

____________________(一直在采取各种措施),includingtheuseofnew

technologies,toreducepollutionintheproductionprocess,eventhoughthesemeasuresraiseour

productioncosts.28.____________________(随着污染水平的上升),theNorgateEnvironmentalProtectionCommitteeissearchingforwaystofighttheproblem.

29.Forexample,inmanypartsoftheworld,thepoorqualityofthelocaldrinkingwater

____________________(使发生)

terriblediseases.

30.

____________________(我们有责任保护我们的环境)

whileaimingforeconomicdevelopment.31.

First,wemust

____________________(引起公众对这个问题的关注)

theproblemandinspirepeopletomakechoicesthatcanhelpreducewaterpollution.32.

Third,wecan

____________________(自愿参加)

clean-upactivitiessuchaspickingrubbishoutofwatersources.【答案】1.

ahugeseaofgreenalive

2.playsasignificantrolein

3.providefoodandshelterfor

4.

Abovethatisthemassofleaf

5.hometoallkindsoflivingthings

6.closetoextinction

7.helpsbreakdownitsbody

8.

breatheslifeintotheplanet

9.knownas

10.

atreasurehouseofspecies

11.

indangerofextinction

12.

comeupwithcreativeideason

13.

callfortheapplication

14.toavoidrepeatingwordsorphrases

15.devotedtoprotectingforests

16.

Whatifnobodygoes

17.

dividedusintotwogroups

18.

arewillingtohelp

19.springtomind

20.

havethegreatestimpacton

21.

sodoestheeffectwehave22.

Joiningusinthestudiotonight

23.

getridof

24.

tendtoconnectfactorieswith

25.

Indefenceoffactories

26.aredeeplyconcernedabout

27.

takingvariousmeasures

28.

Withpollutionlevelsontherise

29.

givesriseto

30.

It’sourdutytoprotectourenvironment

31.

drawpublicattentionto

32.

volunteertotakepartinReading一、重点短语（reading部分）1.

aseaof

大量的，大片的/alivewith

充满，到处都是（活的或动的东西）【教材原句】Welcometothejungle,ahugeseaofgreenalivewiththesoundsofanimals.

(P2)[译文]欢迎来到亚马孙雨林，这是一片绿色的海洋，到处都可以听到动物发出的声音。[功能注释]这是一个简单句。ahugeseaofgreenalivewiththesoundsofanimals是thejungle的同位语。【边学边练】选择sea的相关短语填空(1)Hewas

whenhebeganhisnewjob.(2)Theshiphitanicebergandburied

.(3)LastSunday,thestudentsinclasstwo

.aseaof

大量的，大片的[常见搭配]atsea在茫茫大海上allatsea

茫然不知所措

bysea经海路

bythesea

在海边gotothesea去海滨(度假或野餐)gotosea去当水手【经典例句】Helookeddownandsawaseaofsmilingfaces.他往下看，看到一片笑脸。I'mallatsea.Ican'tunderstandthatproble.我简直是一片茫然,我无法理解这个问题。【边学边练】从右栏中选择适当填空(1)Hewastheonlyman

.(2)The

aremoreimportanttousthanthedead.(3)Mymotherboughta

fishthismorning.alivewith

充满，到处都是（活的或动的东西）[易混辨析]alive/live/livingaive:活着的,活的,其反义词为dead,指生命从奄奄一息到精力旺盛的各种状态。live:活着的,活的,通常作定语,指活生生的,生气勃勃的,还可表示现场直播的。living:活着的,活的,其反义词为dead,指包括人和动植物的生命没有消失、仍然存在的状态。【经典例句】Thepondwasalivewithfrogs.池塘里满是青蛙。Thecatwasplayingwithalivemouse.猫在玩一只活老鼠。IsMrs.Smithstillliving?史密斯太太还活着吗？【答案】(1)allatsea

(2)atsea

(3)wenttothesea(4)alive

(5)living

(6)live2.

全部倒装【教材原句】Abovethatisthemassofleaflitteronthedarkforestfloor.

(P3)[译文]上面是被大量的落叶覆盖的深色的森林地面。[功能注释]这是一个简单句。句中出现了全部倒装，

正常语序的句子为

Themassofleaflitteronthedarkforestfloor

is

abovethat.其中that指asystemofroots。【边学边练】完成句子(1)在英格兰一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授。InalecturehallofauniversityinEngland

____________________.(2)山顶上耸立着一棵大松树。Ontopofthehill

____________________.(3)有个老渔夫住在河的对岸。Beyondtheriver

____________________.【基本用法】一般来说，当表示地点的介词短语位于句首,且主语为名词时,为了避免头重脚轻,常使用完全倒装。[经典例句]Onthedeskweresomeflowers.桌上放着一些鲜花。Underthetreeweresomechildren.树下有一些孩子。Southoftheriverliesasmallfactory.河的南面坐落着一个小工厂。【答案】(1)sitsa

professor

(2)standsabigpinetree

(3)livesanold

fisherman3.

be

hometo

是...的家园【教材原句】Eachleveloftheforestformsitsownlittleworld,hometoallkindsoflivingthings.(P3)[译文]森林的每一层都形成了自己的小世界，是各种生物的家园。[功能注释]这是一个简单句。句中hometoallkindsoflivingthings是itsownlittleworld的同位语，

句中living

是形容词，意为“活的，活着的”。【边学边练】用home/

house/

family填空(1)My

________

havelivedinthevillageforovertenyears.(2)Thereisabigtreeinfrontofmy

________

.(3)Shedoesherhomeworkat

________everynight.【易混辨析】home/

house/

family“home”的意思是“家”，主要是指一个人出生或居住的地方，房屋只是其中的一部分，因而也有“家乡、故乡”

(

hometown)

的意思，强调归属感。“house”的意思是“住宅、房屋”，一般是指家人所居住的建筑物。“family”的意思是“家庭、家庭成员”，与居住的房子无关。当“family”作为整体概念的“家庭”使用时是单数，指两个或两个以上家庭则用“families”；当作为“家庭成员”使用时是复数。[经典例句]EastorWest,homeisbest.金窝银窝不如自己的草窝。Therearemanynowhouseinourvillage.我们村现在有许多房子。Myfamily

areverywell.我的家人很好。【答案】(1)

family

(2)house

(3)home

4.

inturn

相应地，转而【教材原句】Thesefrogs,inturn,feedoninsectswhicheatleavesandseeds.(P3)[译文]相应地，这些青蛙以昆虫为食，而昆虫则吃树叶和种子。[功能注释]这是一个主从复合句。Which引导限制性定语从句，先行词为insects，先行词代入定语从句后为：

Insectseatleavesandseeds.，先行词在定语从句中做主语。【边学边练】选用turn的短语填空①Everyonethoughtthepaintingwasofnovalue.Butit______tobeapieceofgreatwork.②Hisproposalwas____________atthemeeting.③I_________andsawJanewassittingdirectlybehindme.④WhenImeetwithproblemsIcannotworkoutonmyown,I'll_________myclassmatesorteachersforhelp.[常见搭配]turnaround转身

turnaway拒绝(某人)入内turndown关小；拒绝

turnin上交o把……变成

turnon打开turnoff关掉

turnout证明是，结果是turnover翻身，翻转

turnup出现，到达，调大byturns轮流；交替【写作佳句Pleasedon’thesitatetoturntomeforhelpwheneveryouhavetrouble

in

yourstudy.任何时候学习上遇到困难，都可以毫不犹豫地向我求助。

与介词in搭配的常用短语inaway在某种程度上innoway

没门intheway

挡住道路invain

徒劳ingeneral

通常，大体上indetail

详细地inturn

轮流inreturn

作为回报inneed

需要inshape

保持体形incase

以防(万一)【答案】①turnedout

②turneddown

③)turnedaround

④turnto5.

breakdown

出毛病，损坏;失败，破裂，失灵;分解;;感情失控;捣毁;拆除;消除【教材原句】Whenajaguardies,atinyarmyofmicroorganismshelpsbreakdownitsbodyandreturnthenutrientstotheearth.(P3)[译文]当美洲豹死亡时，一小群微生物帮助分解它的尸体，并将营养物质返回到泥土中。[功能注释]这是一个主从复合句。句中when引导时间状语从句。【边学边练】用break短语的适当形式填空①Mycar______________onmywaytoschool.②Tomhadworkedundersomuchpressureforsolongatimeandhishealth______________intheend.③Athief_________lastnightandstolealotofjewelry.④Hishouse______________lastnight.⑤Thepickpocket________thepolicemanandrunaway.⑥Thefiresuddenly______________atmidnight.⑦Weattemptedto______________thelinesoftheenemy.⑧Shetoldthestory,______________nowandthentowipethetearsfromhereyes.⑨Aneighboraskedforthemusictobeturneddownandtheparty______________.[常见搭配]breakup破裂，解散；破碎；结束；放假breakin打断；闯入breakinto闯入；破门而入breakoff折断；突然停止

breakout

爆发；突发breakthrough

突破，突围[经典例句]However,eventhoughtheBeatles

broke_up

in1970,nogroupsincehasevercomeclosetobeingaspopularorsellingasmanyrecords.然而，尽管甲壳虫乐队在1970年就解散了，至今也没有哪个乐队像他们一样受欢迎、卖出那么多的唱片。【答案】①brokedown②brokedown③brokein④wasbrokeninto⑤brokeawayfrom⑥brokeout⑦breakthrough⑧breakingoff⑨brokeup6.

breathelifeinto

给……带来起色，注入活力【教材原句】

TheAmazonrainforestbreatheslifeintotheplanetbyfixingcarbonandproducingover20percentofalltheEarth’soxygen.

(P3)[译文]亚马孙雨林能固定碳，而且生成的氧气超过全球总量的20%，从而使得地球生生不息。[功能注释]这是一个简单句，byfixingcarbonandproducingover20percentofalltheEarth’soxygen为方式状语。【边学边练】完成句子①Daniel

__________________

(深吸一口气)

and

divedintothewater.

②Thedoctortoldme

to

__________________

(深深吸气)

andthen

__________________

(慢慢呼气).③Fredenteredwithoutknockingand

__________________

(上气不接下气)，

sankintoachair.【基本用法】breathe的基本意思是“呼吸”,引申可表示“吐露”,在书面语里breathe还可引出直接引语,作“说出”解。breathe可接同源宾语。loseone'sbreath与

beoutofbreath虽然含义相同，但是

loseone’sbreath表示动作，

beoutofbreath表示状态。[常见搭配]breathein/out吸气/呼气breathedeeply深呼吸[衍生词]breath

n.

呼吸out

ofbreath气呼呼，上气不接下气holdone’sbreath屏住呼吸takeadeepbreath深吸一口气loseone’sbreath不过气来breathlessadj.气喘吁吁的，喘不过气来的【经典例句】Weneedsomenewpeopletobreathelifeintothisproject.我们需要一些新人来为这个项目注入活力。【答案】①tookadeepbreath

②breatheindeeply,

breatheoutslowly

③outofbreath7.

be

knownas被称为【教材原句】Thus,itisoftenknownasthe“lungsoftheplanet”.

(P3)[译文]因此，它通常被称为“地球之肺”。【边学边练】选用介词填空(1)Hangzhouis

known

_______

WestLake.(2)LuXunis

known_________

awriter.(3)MoYanisknown

theliteraturecircle(文学界).[常见搭配]be

knownas被称为……,后接身份、职业等;beknownfor以……闻名,后接原因beknownto为……所熟知,后接某些人,团体或地域。[经典例句]Asisknowntousall,theInternetplaysaveryimportantpartinourlifeandwork.众所周知，互联网在我们的生活和工作中起着非常重要的作用。Sheisknownasawriter.她作为作家而出名。Theregionisknownforitsfinewines这个地区以出产优质葡萄酒闻名。【答案】(1)

for

(2)as(3)to8.

indangerof处于…危险之中/affordto

do承担得起做某事/damage

n.损坏;伤害v.损害;伤害;毁坏【教材原句】Astheimpactofhumanactivitiescontinuestogrowandthelistofspeciesindangerofextinctionbecomeslonger,weareleftwithaquestion:canweaffordtodamagethe“lungsoftheplanet”?

(P3)[译文]随着人类活动的影响不断增加，濒临灭绝的物种名单越来越长，这留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？[功能注释]这是一个主从复合句，as在句中意为“随着”，引导状语从句，在状语从句中，and连接了两个并列的句子，主句为weareleftwithaquestion，冒号后解释了aquestion的内容。【边学边练】从右栏中选择合适的词填空(1)

Heshowedgreatbraveryin

_________

ofdanger.(2)Heisin

_________

ofthestore.

(3)Heisfarin

_________ofhisclass.

(4)In

_________

offire,call119.

(5)Areyouin_________

ofhelp?indangerof处于…危险之中[常见搭配]“in+名词

+of”类复合介词归纳inadvanceof

在...

前面incaseof

一旦；以防；如果，假若inchargeof

负责，管理incontrolof

管理，掌握，控制infaceof

面对infavourof

赞成；以

...为受款人inhonourof

为了向...

表示敬意；为纪念；为祝贺inlightof

根据；鉴于；由于；考虑到inmemoryof

为纪念inneedof

需要inplaceof

代替[经典例句]Thesegoodsareindangerofrobbery.这些货物有被盗的危险。Thereisapartytonightinhonorofournewpresident.为庆祝新总经理就任，今晚有个聚会。Whoishereinplaceofthemanager?谁在这里代理经理？(6)They

_________uswithabigsupperlastnight.(7)Withpricesgoingupsofast,wecan't_________luxuries.(8)Wearewell

_________

withfoods.affordv.买得起，承受得住，提供，抽得出时间affordto

do承担得起做某事[易混辨析]

afford/provide/

supplyafford可以带双宾语,一般只能用于抽象事物,还可特指经济能力,指“供给”,或能“付出”一定的时间,在这种意义上,只能接在can或be

able

to之后。provide“供给”,“提供”;特指供给需要或有用的东西。supply“供给”,“供应”;

supply和

provide意义相近,都表“供给”但牵涉到金钱时,

privide

往往含有“免费供给”的意味,

supply一般须付钱,且不可有双宾语。I

think

I

can

afford

this.我认为我可以负担得起。We

provided

them(with

)board

and

lodgin.我们给他们提供食宿。We

are

well

supplied

with

foods.我们的食品供给充足。【边学边练】单句语法填空(9)Manybuildings

___________

(damage)duringthewararebeingrepaired.用ruin,destroy,damage的适当形式填空

(10)Aftertheearthquake,manybuildings___________

,butthelocalpeoplestillrepairedthe___________

onesandrebuiltthenewonestokeeptheirhometownfromcomingto___________

.

damage

n.损坏;伤害v.损害;伤害;毁坏【基本用法】damage的基本意思是“损害,伤害”,一般是局部地、非彻底地、可修复地；主要用作及物动词,可用于被动结构，偶尔用作不及物动词,表示“受到损害;

被损害”；用作名词表示“损坏,损失”解时,可指物质上的损害,也可指精神上的损害,是不可数名词。[常见搭配]do/causedamageto..对…造成损害damageone’shealth损害某人的健康[词汇辨析]

damage是程度较小的“破坏”“损坏”,一般指被破坏的物品可以修复；destroy指彻底的摧毁、毁坏;它也可用于损坏抽象的东西,如名誉、计划等；(3)ruin指经过长时间的侵蚀而毁坏,通常暗指无可挽回的伤害,但并不一定指完全毁灭。它也可用来表示抽象概念。【答案】(1)face

(2)control

(3)advance

(4)case

(5)

need(6)provided

(7)afford

(8)supplied(9)damaged

(10)

weredestroyed；damaged；ruin9.

takeaway带走/takein

吸收【教材原句】Whenthewatergoesaway,ittakesawaythenutrientsinthesoil.(P5)[译文]当水分流失时，它带走了土壤中的养分。[功能注释]这是一个主从复合句，when引导时间状语从句。【教材原句】Thenutrientsaresoontakeninbytreerootsdeepbeneaththeground.(P5)[译文]养分很快就被深埋在地下的树根吸收了。【边学边练】选用take的短语填空(1)Iputthetelephonedownand

_________

myworkagain.(2)Itsuccessfully_________

skynews，apopularnewschannelrunningintheUKsince1989.(3)Shortlyaftersufferingfromamassiveearthquakeandbeingreducedtoruins，thecity

_________

anewlook.(4)He_________

hisglassesandblinkedatthem.(5)Hedidn’t

_________

whatIreadbecausehismindwasonsomethingelse.(6)Therainhasstopped;youmay

_________

yourumbrella.[常见搭配]takeaway拿走，减去；夺去takeoffvt.脱去，除去；vi.起飞，起程，成功，成名takeout拿出，取出，去除，取得（专利权）takeback

收回，取消takein

吸收，接纳，欺骗，轻信，领会takeon

呈现，雇佣，承担，担任takeover

接管，接任，接收takeplace

发生，举行takeaway

带走take…forexample

以……为例take…forgranted

认为……理所当然，想当然take…intoaccount/consideration

考虑，重视takeit/thingseasy别紧张，从容takemeasures/steps采取措施【高考佳句】[2016·四川卷]Themorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtime，thegreaterburdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight.

睡前摄入的脂肪越多，晚上你体内的负担就越大。【答案】(1)tookup

(2)

tookover

(3)tookon

(4)

tookoff

(5)takein

(6)take

down【课后练习】I.

单词拼写1.

Peoplewhoareagainstsmokingsay

it

doesgreath

toourhealth.2.

Theyprovidedfoodand

(住所)forthepoor.

3.

Thereis

a

wide

v

of

patterns

tochoosefrom.4.

Ittakes

time

and

patience

to

photograph

(野生动物).

5.

TheUK,

uniquely,hasnothad

toface

the

problem

of

(大量地)

unemployment.

6.

The

society

was

setup

to

preserve

endangered

species

from

(灭绝).7.

All

of

us

will

strugglefairlyhardto

s

if

weareindanger.

8.

Aslongas

thereis

love

inthe

heart,the

fragrance

of

carnation

willnever

(消失).

9.

The

presence

or

absence

of

clouds

can

have

animportant

i

on

temperature.10.

Smoking

can

seriously

d

your

health.【答案】1.

harm

2.shelter

3.variety

4.

wildlife

5.

mass

6.

extinction

7.

survive

8.

disappear

9.

impact

10.damageII.

单句语法填空1.

Her

book

raised

awareness

of

the

(harm)

effects

of

chemicals

on

the

world's

lakes.2.

Thereare

(variety)

stores

and

restaurantsall

under

oneroof.3.

Global

warming

hasposed

a

serious

threat

to

the

(survive)

of

animals

suchas

polarbears.

4.

The

sudden

(appear)

ofa

security

guard

caused

them

to

drop

the

money

andrun.

5.

Thereare

many

ways

to

increase

(agriculture)

efficiency

inthe

poorer

areas

of

the

world.

6.

The

(long)

of

a

paragraph

dependson

the

information

it

conveys.

7.

The

newdrug

has

great

(significant)

for

the

treatment

of

the

disease.

8.

Humans

takeinoxygen

and

(breath)

out

carbondioxide.9.

If

a

mom

faces

(dead)

threats

on

her

child,

she

will

fightangrily

like

a

bear.10.

Itis

impossible

toseparate

(believe)

from

emotion.【答案】1.

harmful

2.

various

3.

survival

4.

appearance

5.agricultural

6.length

7.

significance

8.

breathe

9.

deadly

10.

beliefIII.

完成句子1.多吃健康食品，不然你的身体迟早会垮掉。Morehealthyfood，oryou'll

.2.可能需要几个星期你才能恢复体力。Itmay

take

afew

weeksfor

you

to

again.

3.孩子们逐一自报姓名。Thechildren

called

outtheirnames

.

这部电话用于打外线。4.This

telephone

should

outgoing

calls.

这部电话用于打外线。

这项工程由于缺乏政府的资助而不得不放弃。5.Theproject

had

to

be

abandoned

a

lackof

government

funding.

【答案】1.breakdownearlyorlate

2.

build

up

yourstrength

3.

in

turn

4.

due

to

5.be

used

forIV.

课文语法填空WelcometotheAmazonrainforest,thelargestrainforestintheworld,whichmakes

1.

_______

importantdifferenceinmaintainingthefinebalanceoftheEarth'secosystem.2.

_______(name)

aftertheAmazonRiveritcrosses

3.

_______eightcountriesonthesouthAmericancontinent.Withthe

4.

_______(rich)

biodiversity,manyspeciescanbefoundthere.Eachleveloftheforest

5.

_______(be)

hometoallkindsoflivingthings.Besides.it'sashelterforwildlifewithfood

6.

_______(provide),

formingfoodchainsandpromotingthematerialcycle.

Inaddition,itcanfixcarbonandproduceoxygen.7.

_______,duetothehuman

8.

_______(activity),theimpacttotherainforestcontinuestogrow9.

_______(rapid)

andthe

10.

_______(endanger)

speciesaremoreandmore.Canweaffordtodamagethe"lungsoftheplanet"?【答案】1.

an

2.

Named

3.

into

4.

richest

5.

is

6.

provided

7.

However

8.activities

9.

rapidly

10.endangered

Grammarandusage&integratedskills1.

comeupwith

想出，提出（计划、想法等）【教材原句】Allofthemcomeupwithcreativeideasonhowtosolvetheseproblems.

(P6)[译文]他们都对如何解决这些问题提出了创造性的想法。[功能注释]这是一个简单句。on意为“关于”，相当于about，疑问词how+不定式作介词on的宾语。【边学边练】填写适当的介词(1)Ihopesomeonecomes

andpicksusup.(2)

Therainiscoming

.(3)Thenewmagazinejustcame

.(4)Wehaven'tcome

aconclusionyet.[常见搭配]comedown

下落，下来comeout

出现，出版comeon

开始，快点，开始工作comeoff

举行，表现comeby

经过cometo

苏醒，到达，共计，突然想起[经典例句]Icameupwithagoodideatothatquestion.对于那个问题我有一个好主意。【答案】(1)by

(2)down

(3)out

(4)to

2.

callfor接（人）;要求;呼吁;需要【教材原句】Somecallfortheapplicationofmoderntechnology,andothersachangeoflifestyle.

.(P6)[译文]有人呼吁应用现代科技，也有人呼吁改变生活方式。[功能注释]这是一个并列句，some...others...一些人...另一些人...，others

后省略了callfor。【边学边练】单句语法填空(1)

Theboycalled

forhelptothepeopleontheshore.

(2)Wearecalling

youtohelpus.(3)Yourfatherisill;youshouldcall

adoctoratonce.

(4)Peoplearecalling

freedomofallslaves.[常见搭配]callon/uponsbtodosth

号召某人干某事;

恳求，请(叫)某人干某事

.callon/uponsb

拜访;

看望某人;callatsomewhere

登门拜访callout

大声叫喊

,例如

:callin

找来

;请来

(有目的

,为了某一任务

)[经典例句]Theworkersarecallingforstrikeactioninthatcountry.那个国家的工人们正在号召起来罢工Theheadmastercalledonthestudentstoworkharder.校长号召学生们更努力地学习。IcalledontheSmithsyesterday.我昨天拜访了史密斯一家人【答案】(1)

out

(2)upon

(3)in

(4)for3.

be

devotedto

献身于【教材原句】ItwasorganizedbyGreenHope,anorganizationdevotedtoprotectingforests.(P7)[译文]它是由绿色希望组织的，这是一个致力于保护森林的组织。[功能注释]这是一个简单句。anorganizationdevotedtoprotectingforests是GreenHope的同位语，devotedtoprotectingforests是anorganization的后置定语。【边学边练】单句语法填空(1)Hedevoted

tohelpingthepoor.(2)Hedevotedallhisfreetimeto

(play)

thepiano.(3)Theydevotedagreatdealofmoneyto

the

(improve)

oftherailwaystation.(4)

There

wasa

time

when

somepeople'slives

were

(devote)

simplytothecultivationofthelandorthecareofcattle.devotev.奉献[衍生词]devotion:奉献devoted:忠诚的[常见搭配]devotesthto(doing)sth

把时间

(钱，精力等

)献给某事物。devoteoneselftosb(doingsth)

献身于或致力于(做)某事bedevotedto

献身于[经典例句]Afterhegraduatedhecontinuedtodevotehimselftoresearch.毕业之后他继续致力于研究工作。Theprofessorsbelievethathewasadevotedreligiouspersonwhowashopingtobenefitfromthecuringpowersofthemonument.教授们相信他是一个忠实的希望能感受石碑治愈能力的教徒【答案】(1)himself(2)playing(3)improvement

(4)devoted4.

whatif

(用于疑问句句首，尤用于询问不希望看到的事发生时的结果)如果…怎么办【教材原句】

AtfirstIdidn’twanttotakepartintheforestclean-upactivity,butthenIthought,“Whatifnobodygoes?”(P7)[译文]起初我不想参加森林清理活动，但后来我想，“如果没人去怎么办？”[功能注释]这是一个并列句。【边学边练】完成句子(1)我今天下午不来，明天来，怎么样

?Whatif

insteadofthisafternoon?(2)同我们一起吃午饭怎么样？Whatif

forlunch?(3)就算我们迟到一会儿那又怎样？

we’realittlelate?[常见用法]whatif:提出假设时,“假若……怎么办”,

“要是……将会怎么样”whatif:

“表示邀请或建议时,

意为“如果……怎么样？”“如果……如何？”whatif:表示不重要,通常与

so

连用，意为“就算……那又怎样？”[经典例句]Butwhatifsomebodydecidestobreaktherules?但是如果有人决定打破这些规则呢？Whatifwemovedthesofaoverhere?Wouldthatlookbetter?要是我们把沙发挪到这边来会怎么样？看上去会不会好一些？Sowhatifhewaslate.Whocares?他就是迟到了那又怎样。谁在乎？【答案】(1)

Icametomorrow

(2)youjoinus

(3)Sowhatif5.

divide

...

into

把...分成/cleanup

打扫【教材原句】Joedividedusintotwogroups:onegroupcleanedupthenorthsideoftheforest,andtheothergroupcleanedupthesouthsideoftheforest.

(P7)[译文]乔把我们分成两组：一组清理森林北侧，另一组清理森林南侧。【边学边练】单句语法填空(1)Newsstoriesareroughlydivided

twoclasses.(2)Hedividedtheapples

them.(3)Shedividedtheyoungerchildren

theolderones.divide

...

into

把...分成[常见搭配]dividefrom把...分开divideinto分成

;

分为divide...with与...分享[经典例句]Theriverdividesintotwostreamsatthispoint.这条河在此分成两条支流。Thecircleisdividedintosections,andeachsectionrepresentsafractionofthedate.圆被分成段，每段代表日期的几分之几。【边学边练】翻译句子(4)我把那件事忘得一干二净。Itwent

ofmyhead.(5)学生们轮流打扫教室。Thestudenttookturnsto

.cleanup

打扫[易混辨析]

cleanup

/

cleanoutcleanup

:

“打扫干净，整理好

”，是对某物进行整理和打扫，使其变得更加干净。cleanout

:

“扫除，清除，打扫干净

”，将某物扫除掉，将其扔掉，从而达到干净的效果。[经典例句]Iwillcleanmyoldbooksup.我要把我的旧书整理干净。Iwillcleanmyoldbooksout.我要把我的旧书都清理掉。【答案】(1)into

(2)with

(3)from(5)

cleanout

(5)cleanuptheclassroom6.

be

willingto

do愿意做某事【教材原句】YoucansignupwithJoeifyou’rewillingtohelp.

(P7)[译文]如果你愿意帮忙，你可以和乔签约。[功能注释]这是一个主从复合句。If引导条件状语从句。【边学边练】单句语法填空(1)

Moreandmorekindheartedpeoplearewilling

(donate)

theirorgansaftertheirdeath.(2)Nothingisimpossibletoa

(will)mind.世上无难事，只怕有心人。(3)Theyarewilling

(take)manualjobs.他们愿意干体力活。

willing:

adj.乐意的，愿意的；自愿的，心甘情愿的[衍生词]unwilling:

adj.不乐意的，不愿意的willingly:

adv.乐意地，愿意地unwillingly:

adv不乐意地，勉强地[经典例句]I'mquitewillingtoaccepttheimputation.我自愿接受你的指责。He'salwayswillingtohelpout.他总是乐于帮助人。Alwaysbewillingtotrysomethingnew.你要经常渴望尝试新事物。【答案】(1)to

donate

(2)willing

(3)totake(6)

7.

have

an

impacton

对...有影响【教材原句】Recentresearchbyenvironmentalscientists,however,showsthatinfact,humanbeingshavethegreatestimpactonanimalpopulations.

(P8)[译文]然而，环境科学家最近的研究表明，事实上，人类对动物种群的影响最大。[功能注释]这是一个主从复合句。that引导宾语从句。【边学边练】完成句子(1)艺术的经济影响往往被忽视和严重的评判。

isoftenoverlookedandbadlyjudged.(2)我们选择的课程将来会影响我们。Theclasseswechoosecan

inthefuture.[易混辨析]

affect/influence/impactaffect作主语通常是物而不是人，指一物对另一物产生的消极影响。influence侧重在思想、性格、行为等方面所产生的潜移默化的影响，也可指自然力的影响。impact是不及物动词，对某物有强烈影响[经典例句]Thedampnessbegantoaffectmyhealth.潮气开始影响我的健康。Thelabourenthusiasmoftheworkersstronglyinfluencedus.工人们的劳动热情强烈地感染了我们。Highinterestrateshaveimpactedonretailspending.高利率对零售消费产生了剧烈的影响。【答案】(1)Theeconomicimpactofthearts

(2)impactus8.

so+

助动词

/

情态动词

/

系动词

+

主语

表示前者的情况同样适用于后者【教材原句】Asthehumanpopulationcontinuestogrow,sodoestheeffectwehaveonanimals.

(P8)[译文]随着人口的不断增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。[功能注释]这是一个主从复合句，主句是so

引导的倒装句，目的是强调人类对动物的影响在日益增加，相当于

theeffectwehaveonanimalscontinuestogrowaswell。句中

so

表示前者的情况同样适用于后者，常用结构为“so+

助动词

/

情态动词

/

系动词

+

主语”。【边学边练】完成句子(1)如果你们不停下来休息，他们也不停下来。Ityoudon'tstoptorest,

.(2)

如果你去海边度假，我也去。Ifyougototheseasideforyourholiday,

.[基本用法]这一句型是主谓倒装结构，它表示另一主语和前面所陈述的情况有着相同的肯定概念。其中

so

代替上文中的动作或状态，表示“也是这样”、“也是如此”。so

引导的主句中的连系动词、情态动词或助动词的时态一般要和前一句中谓语动词的时态一致。句型

Neither/Nor+

连系动词

/

情态动词

/

助动词

+主语，也表示另一主语与前