教程电子商务-2015chapter p

Innovative

EC

Systems:

From

E- ernment

toE-Learning,

Collaborative

Commerce,

and

C2C

CommerceLearning

ObjectivesDescribe

various

e- ernment

initiatives.Describe

e- ernment

activities

andimplementation

issues

including

e- ernment

2.0and

m-

ernment.Describe

e-learning,

virtual

universities,

and

e-training.Describe

e-books

and

their

readers.5-15-2Learning

Objectivesmerce.Describe

knowledge

management

and

disseminationas

an

e-business.Describe

and

discuss

online

advisory

systems.Describe

collaborativeDescribe

collaboration2.0.Describe

C2C

activities

inmerce.E-

er

t:r

ie-

ernmentmerce

model

in

which

aernment

entity

buysor

provides

goods,

services,

or

information

tobusinesses

or

individual

citizens，促进电子政务就是帮助提高机构之间以及工作效率，增加

信息的与公民、企业的交往。5-3E- ernment:

An

Overviewernment-to-citizens

(G2C)E- ernment

category

that

includes

all

theinteractions

between

a ernment

and

its

citizensE- ernment:

An

Overviewernment-to-citizens

(G2C)E- ernment:

AnOv

r

i

wernment-to-citizens

(G2C)E-

er

t:rernment-to-citizens

(G2C)E-

er

t:r

iernment-to-citizens

(G2C)E-

er

t:r

iernment-to-citizens

(G2C)E- ernment:

An

Overviewernment-to-citizens

(G2C)E-

er

t:

r

iernment-to-business

(G2B)E- ernment

category

that

includes

interactionsbetween ernments

and

businesses

(

ernmentselling

to

businesses

and

providing

them

with

servicesand

businesses

selling

products

and

services

to

theernment)ernment

E-ProcurementGroup

Purchasingauction5-14E- ernment:

An

Overviewernment-to- ernment

(G2G)E- ernment

category

that

includes

activities

withinernment

units

and

those

between

ernmentsE-rnt:r

i

wernment-to-ernment

(G2G)E-

erernment-to-t:

r

iernment

(G2G)E- ernment:

An

Overviewernment-to- ernment

(G2G)E-rnment:AnOv

r

i

wernment-to- ernment

(G2G)E-

erernment-to-t:

r

iernment

(G2G)E-

er

t:

r

iernment-to-employees

(G2E)E- ernment

category

that

includes

activities

andservices

between ernment

units

and

theiremployees5-22E-

er

t:

r

iernment-to-employees

(G2E)E- ernment:

An

Overviewernment-to-employees

(G2E)E-

ert:r

iernment

2.0How ernment

makes

use

of

Web

2.0

technologiesto

interact

with

citizens

and

provide

ernmentservices2.0是在web2.0相关 的基础上， 、以服务

的管理创新模式，其基本特征是开放（开放的平台，开放的数据）、参与、协作。

2.0不是传统意义上的电子

或者网上

，而是一个整体、开放的平台，一个 、市场以及社会共同参与、沟通、互动、协同的平台，象征着在执行上的一个根本性转变，从条块分割、封闭的架构迈向一个开放、协同、合作的架构。5-25E-

er

t:r

imobile ernment

(m-ernment)The

wireless

implementation

of

e- ernment

mostlyto

citizens

but

also

to

businesses5-26mobileernm nt

(m-ernm

nt)mobileernment

(m-ernment)mobileernment

(m-ernment)mobileernment

(m-ernm

nt)5-31E-Learning,

E-Training,

and

E-Bookse-learningThe

online

delivery

of

information

for

purposes

ofeducation,

training,

or

knowledge

management5-32E-Learning,

E-Training,

and

E-Booksdistance

learningFormal

education

that

takes

place

off

campus,

usually,but

not

always,

through

online

resources离开高校校园，在家接受正规教育virtual

universityAn

online

university

from

which

students

take

classesfrom

home

or

other

offsi ocations,

usually

via

theInternet5-36E-Learning,

E-Training,

and

E-BooksOnline

corporate

training思科向员工提供

培训的机会IBM利用

学校向员工或客户提供培训social

learningLearning,

training,

and

knowledge

sharing

in

socialnetworks

and

by

using

social

software

tools

forlearning5-37E-Learning,

E-Training,

and

E-BooksLearning

in

virtual

worldslearning

on-demandLearning

provided

to

an

employee

while

the

work

is

beingdone

(in

terms

of

troubleshooting

or

performance

support)In

a

learning

on-demand

environment,

courses,

references,help

files, s,

Webcasts,

audios, s,

books,

andpresentations

are

all

made

available

when

and

where

a

workerneeds

them.5-385-39E-Learning,

E-Training,

and

E-Bookselectronic

book

(e-book)A

book

in

digital

form

that

can

be

read

on

a

computerscreen

or

on

a

special

deviceDevices

for

Reading

E-BooksAdvantages

and

Limitations

of

E-Books5-40Knowledge

Management,

AdvisorySystems,

and

Electronic

Commerceknowledge

management

(KM)The

process

of

capturing

or

creating

knowledge,

storing

it,updating

it

constantly,

disseminating

it,

and

usingitwhenever

necessaryOrganizational

knowledge

is

embeded

in

thefollowing

resourcesHuman

capital:

employee

petencies,andcreativityOrganizational

capital:

organizational

structure,

culture,processes,

patents,

and

the

capability

to

leverage

knowledgethrough

sharing

and

transferring;Customer

capital:

relationship

between

organizations

andtheir

customers

and

other

partners.Knowledge

Management,

AdvisorySystems,

and

Electronic

CommerceKM

TYPES

AND

ACTIVITIESCreate

knowledgeCapture

knowledgeRefine

knowledgeStore

knowledgeManage

knowledgeDisseminate

knowledge5-42Knowledge

Management,

AdvisorySystems,

and

Electronic

CommerceKnowledge

sharingSoftware

Tools

for

Knowledge

Sharing协同商务工具系统知识管理系统Web2.0工具KM

and

social

networks(crowdsourcing)信息和知识创造的一个重要场所是众包，人们将在网络社区创造信息和知识的过程称为众包。这种社区的功能有Knowledge

creationKnowledge

sharing5-43案例IBM采用的方式是两年一次的InnovationJam（即兴创新大

）。在头三天的时间里，针对设定好的议题展开 头脑风暴 会。这些创意点子，在网络上，如接龙般不断被

、延伸，完全不需要休息时间，因为当

进入黑夜时，亚洲已经准备迎接白天。在2008年10月份的InnovationJam上，有5.5万名IBM员工参加，还有5000名特别邀请的客户和员工家属参加，以共同寻求新的创意和解决方案。活动结束后，IBM的

小组会接手 结果，从中挑选出那些数最多的创新方案，把一些已经被商业化，或离现有技术太远的想法都剔除掉。然而进入InnovationJam的第二阶段，这次的

更聚焦于可行性分析。最后，从中选出10个最优想法，IBM则投资1亿支撑这10个想法的执行，而这10个想法也正是IBM未来要发展的10项新商业计划，比如智能医疗支付系统、智能基础设施网络、整合大众交通信息系统、数字化的我、3D互联网等，其中有的计划已经融入到IBM目前大力提倡的

理念——“智慧的地球”中了。Knowledge

Management,

AdvisorySystems,

and

Electronic

CommerceOnline

advice

and

consultingMedical

adviceManagement

consultingLegal

adviceExpert

adviceFinancial

adviceSocial

networks（社交 上的问答专栏）Other

advisory

services5-45Knowledge

Management,

AdvisorySystems,

and

Electronic

Commerce网络

系统及

搜索

意见automated

question/answer(QA)system（网上自动回答系统）A

system

that

locates,

extracts,

and

provides

specificanswers

to

user

questions

expressed

in

natural

languageLive

Chat

with

Experts（与

的实时交流）5-46Knowledge

Management,

AdvisorySystems,

and

Electronic

Commerceexpert

location

systems

(ELS，

识别系统）Interactive

computerizedsystems

that

help

employeesfind

and

connect

with

colleagues

who

have

expertiserequired

for

specific

problems—whether

they

areacross

the

country

or

across

the

room—in

order

tosolve

specific,

critical

business

problems

in

secondsSeeking

Expertise

in

Social

Networks5-475-485-49Collaborative

Commercecollaborative

commerce

(

merce)The

use

of

digital

technologies

that

enable

companiesto

collaboratively

plan,

design,

develop,

manage,

andresearch

products,

services,

and

innovative

ECapplications利用数字化技术，使公司实现协同计划、协同设计与开发、协同管理，以及协同进行产品研究、服务和创新的电子商务应用。协同商务意味着通过特殊设计的电子商务工具，以电子方式进行通信、共享信息和协同计划Collaborative

Commerce协同商务具体体现在以下五个方面：信息协同；产品生产协同；产品设计协同；采购协同；协同。Collaborative

Commercevendor-managed

inventory

(VMI)零售者和供应商之间的信息共享：宝洁和沃尔玛宝洁可以

沃尔玛内宝洁产品的销售信息宝洁从沃尔玛的每家分店按天收集信息，并利用这些信息为沃尔玛管理库存进货。电子方式完成宝洁有精确的需求信息沃尔玛有充分的库存5-51Collaborative

Commerce零售商与供应商协同：

公司公司是一家大型综合公司．与20000多家交易伙伴进行电子商务联系，许多的贸易伙伴未连接到该公司基于VAN的EDI系统．公司为这些贸易伙伴建立了外联网外联网不仅使公司连接了

的合作伙伴，而且还可以利用许多在传统EDI中不可用的应用程序该系统使公司与其他供应商的通信和协作更加合理．5-53Collaborative

Commerce缩短了设计周期时间：Adaptec,Inc.Adaptec是一家大型的微

制造商，为电子设备制造商提供关键部件．Adaptec外包制造任务，集中于产品研究和开发该公司的总部在加州，三个主要制造厂都在国外，因为需要在总部和制造厂之间协调设计活动，导致交货周期长．集成了工作流自动化基于外联网的协同和企业级的供应链集成和电子商务工具订单-生产-交付时间从15周减少到10到12周Collaborative

CommerceReducing

Transportation

and

Inventory

CostsReduction

of

Design

Cycle

TimeReduction

of

Product

Development

TimeElimination

of

Channel :

Collaborationwith

Dealers

andRetailers5-55Collaborative

CommerceBarriers

to

merceMost

organizations

have

achieved

only

modera

evels

ofcollaboration

because

of:A

lack

of

internal

integration,

standards,

and

networksSecurity

and

privacy

concerns,

and

distrust

over

whohas

access

to

and

control

of

information

stored

in

apartner’s

databaseInternal to

information

sharing

and

to

newapproachesA

lack

of

internal

skills

to

conduct

merceConsumer-to-ConsumerElectronic

Commerceconsumer-to-consumer

(C2C)

ECmerce

model

in

which

consumers

sell

directly

toother

consumersE-C0mmerce:C2CapplicationC2C

AuctionsClassified

Ads（分类

）al

Services（个人服务项目）File-Sharing

Utilities:

Napster

and

OthersC2C

Activities

in

Social

Networks

and

Trading

VirtualPropertie