辽宁省沈阳二中10-11年高一下学期6月月考 市一等奖

沈阳二中2022-2022学年度下学期6月月考高一(13届)英语试题说明：1、测试时间：120分钟总分：150分2、客观题涂在答题卡上，主观题答在答题纸上第Ⅰ卷（客观题试卷共105分）第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题，每小题分，满分分）听下面5段对话每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置听完每段对话后，你都有１０秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题每段对话仅读一遍.1.Whatwillthetwospeakersdofirst?A.Searchforthenewtie.B.Fixtheshelf.C.Painttheshelf.2.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Towriteacheck.B.Tocookbreakfast.C.Toreadthenewspaper.3.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Employerandemployee.C.Motherandson.4.Whatdidthemandolastnight?A.Hewatchedagame.B.Helostagame.C.Hemissedagame.5.Howdoesthemanworknow?A.Heworksthreetimesasmuchashedidbefore.B.Hehastwofreedaysforeverythreedaysheworks.C.Heworksthreenightseverytwoweeks.第二节（共15小题，每小题分，满分分）听下面5段对话或独白每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间每段对话或独白读两遍听第6段材料，回答第6、7题6.Whatbirthdaypresentdotheydecidetobuyfinally?A.Abook.B.Abasketball.C.Afootball.7.Howmuchmoneydothetwospeakershavealtogether?A.6dollars.B.14dollars.C.8dollars.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题8.Whichbusshouldthegirltaketothesportscentre?A..B.No.18.C.No.25.9.Whatdoestheboytellthegirltotake?A.Atowel.B.Soap.C.Aswimmingcap.10.Whatcanthegirlbuyatthesportscentre?A.Fruit.B.Drinks.C.Sandwiches.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题11.WhatjobisMrs.Sharpgoingtodo?A.Anurse.B.Ababysitter.C.Ateacher.12.HowmanyhoursdoesMrs.Sharpworkeveryday?A.8.B.5.C.4.13.Whatdoyouknowfromtheconversation?A.Mrs.Sharpwillhavetoworkfulltime.B.Mrs.Sharpwillworkfromnoontoevening.C.Mrs.Sharpwillhavenootherbenefitsexceptwages.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题14.Whatactivitydidtheboytakepartinlastyear?A.Thefootballclub.B.Theschoolchoir.C.Thebasketballclub.15.Whatdoesthegirlwanttodo?A.Playasport.B.Havemorepractice.C.Havemoretimetorelax.16.Whydoestheboythinkthatdancegroupisnotsuitableforhim?A.Hedoesnotlikemusic.B.Hethinksitisforgirlsonly.C.Hethinksheisnotagooddancer.17.Whatistheboy’sfinaldecision?A.Tojointheschoolchoir.B.Tojointhedanceclub.C.Tojointhecookingclub.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题18.Whatisthespeakertalkingabout?A.Heruniqueexperience.B.Herfuture.C.Herfavoritejob.19.Whatdoesthespeakerwantmost?A.Independence.B.Goodluck.C.Agoodrelationship.20.Whatwillthespeakermostprobablydointhefuture?A.Remainsingle.B.Liveanemptylife.C.Earnalotofmoney.第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）21.Althoughtheirnewfactorybuildingisstillunder________construction,wehavealreadyplaced_______orderfor200pairsofshoes.A.the;anB.a;anC./;/D./;an22.TheancientChinesevases_______displayattractedlotsofexpertsandcollectors,someofwhomsuggestedthey______onthenextfair.A.on;displayedB.on;bedisplayedC.in;displayedD.in;bedisplayed23.Mysonisaddictedtodrugs.Heisn’thopeless,ishe?Yes,______hemendshiswayandstartsallover.A.ifB.whenC.evenifD.unless24.ThisbookbyTonyGarrisonisofgreatuseforourcourse.ButIthinkhislatestoneis______worthreading.A.betterB.moreC.wellD.very25.Thechickenswillprovideus_______feathers,______wecanmakeuseforcleaningthetableandbenches.A.with;withB.with;ofwhichC.of;whichD.of;fromwhich26.______we’llbeabletodriveacar______byelectricity,solarenergyinabouttenyears.A.Fortunately;drivenB.Eventually;powerC.Luckily;commandedD.Hopefully;powered27.Iknowthisisthelatesttypebutitissecondhand..＄20that’smylastoffer.Ok.It’sa(n)_______.A.businessB.tradeC.agreementD.deal28.Ithoughtofhimasmybestfrienduntilhe______totheboss.A.gavemeoffB.gavemeoutC.gavemeawayD.gavemeup29._____youmayhave,youshouldgatheryourcouragetofacethechallenge.A.HoweveraseriousproblemB.WhataseriousproblemC.HoweverseriousaproblemD.Whataseriousproblem30.Did________getthroughthedrivingtest?No,________.Afewfailed.A.everybody;notallB.anybody;nooneC.anybody;nooneD.anybody;notall31.Haveyoubeenwastingtimeoncomputergamesagain?_______.I’vebeenstudyingalotandIneedabreak.A.NowayB.NotreallyC.Idon’tagreeC.Icouldn’tagreemore32.BeforeradioandTV,musiccouldonlybeheard_______,thatis,youhadtogotoplaceswheremusiciansgaveperformances.A.liveB.aliveC.livingD.lively33.Whatabeautifulhat!Howmuchdidit_______you?It’s_______.I’mveryluckytobethe1000thcustomeroftheshoppingcenter.A.charge;freeofchargeB.charge;freeofthechargeC.cost;freeofchargeD.cost;freeofthecharge34.Thelibrary’sstudyroomisfullofstudents_______fortheexam.A.busilypreparedB.busypreparingC.busilyprepareD.arebusilypreparing35.Iusuallygotherebybus.Itisverycrowded._______therebytrain?It’sfastandcheap.A.WhynottrytogoB.WhynottrygoingD.WhytrygoingD.Whytrytogo第二节完形填空(共20小题；每小题分，满分30分)请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑AmotheranddaughterlivinginmycommunityaretwoofthemostunfriendlypeopleIhaveevercomeacrossinmylife.Theyaretotallyseparated,mixingwith36.Astheydrivepast37theykeeptheireyeslookingawayandmakenosignofacceptance.Theonlyfametheyhaveismakinganuisanceofthemselvestothelocalpolicestationby38musicplayedtooloud,dogsbarkingmorethanonceadayandanyotherpretty39gripe(把柄).Onmovingintothisneighborhood,Iwas40ofthesetwobutdecidedIwouldmakeupmyownmind.Thisprovedquitea41tomeasmorethanonceeitherthemotherorthedaughterwouldknockonmydoorandblast(猛烈抨击)mewithsome42orother.I43answeredpolitelyandmadesureI44astheywentpastmyplaceandalsomadetheeffortnowandthentomakeakindremark

abouttheirgardenorpets.TimepassedandinOctober,aspartofthekindnessrockgive(送爱心石活动),MaureenandI45toplaceakindnessrockintheirgarden.Their46remainedunchanged,however,andIcontinuedtobeasfriendlyaspossible.DuringtheEastergive,wedecidedonceagainto47thesetwounhappyladiestoourlistandleftapacketofcookiesontheir48.

Imaginemy49whentwodayslaterthey50atmygateandjokinglysaidtheyareconsideringhangingtheirChristmasstockingsontheirgate,andthey51meabunchofflowers!So,myfellowgifters,donot52onyourrandom（随意的）giftsofkindness.Youmayneverknowjustwhatthis53toothers,norhowmanybrokenor54heartedpeopleyoumayjustchangewithasimpleactof55.36.A.nobody B.someone C.anyone D.nothing37.A.ladies B.neighbors C.friends D.relatives38.A.composing B.requesting C.reporting D.explaining39.A.important B.easy C.interesting D.little40.A.accused B.warned C.reminded D.convinced41.A.challenge B.job C.task D.matter42.A.jokes B.advice C.explanation D.complaint43.A.seldom B.never C.always D.sometimes44.A.waved B.stared C.noticed D.laughed45.A.started B.continued C.mentioned D.decided46.A.smile B.attitude C.decision D.anger47.A.add B.recommend C.reduced D.drove48.A.place B.roof C.gate D.fence49.A.interest B.smile C.surprise D.face50.A.whispered B.stopped C.shouted D.wandered51.A.brought B.wished C.threw D.expected52.A.takein B.takeup C.givein D.giveup53.A.refers B.means C.relatesD.contributes54.A.kind B.light C.hard D.warm55.A.sorrow B.hope C.imagination D.kindness第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）AForyearswehavebeentoldthatencouragingachild’sself-respectisimportanttohisorhersuccessinlife.Butchildexpertsarenowlearningthattoomuchpraisecanleadtotheoppositeeffect,Praise-aholickidswhoexpectitateveryturnmaybecometeenswhoseekthesamekindofapprovalfromtheirfriendswhenaskediftheywanttogointhebackseatofthecar.Theimplication(含义)ofsaying“Youaretheprettiestgirlinclass,”ortalkingaboutthegoalsshescoredbutnotheroverall(全面的)efforts,isthatyouloveheronlywhenshelooksthebest,scoresthehighest,achievesthemost.Andthiscarriesovertotheclassroom.SocialpsychologistCarolDweck,PhD,testedtheeffectsofoverpraiseon400fifthgradeswhileshewasatColumbiaUniversity.Shefoundthatkidspraisedfor“tryinghard”didbetteronthetestsandweremorelikelytotakeondifficultassignmentsthanthosepraisedforbeing“smart“Praisingattributes(品质)orabilitiesmakesafalsepromisethatsuccesswillcometoyoubecauseyouhavethatquality,anditdevaluesefforts,sochildrenareafraidtotakeonchallenges,”saysDweck,nowatStanfordUniversity.“Theyfigurethey’dbetterquitwhilethey’reahead.”Theunderlinedwords“Praise-aholickids”refertokidswhoare_______.A.tiredofbeingpraisedB.worthyofbeingpraisedC.veryproudofbeingpraisedDextremelyfondofbeingpraised.57.Theauthorquoted(引用)Dr.Dweck’swordsinthelastparagraphinordertomakethearticle______.A.better-knownB.better-organizedC.morebelievable D.moreinteresting58.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat____________.A.praiseforeffortsshouldbemoreencouragedB.praiseforresultsworksbetterthanpraiseforeffortsC.praisingachild’sachievementsbenefitshisorhersuccessinlife.D.praisingachild’sabilitiesencourageshimorhertotakeonchallengesBWhen7-year-oldWarrenBuffetsaid“Iwillbetherichestmanoneday”,hisfriendsmadefunofhis“daydreaming”.Buteversincethenthelittleboyhassetaboutlearninghowtomakemoney,sellingdrinks,deliveringnewspapersandbuyingstocks.Hehadalreadyearned$9,000(equalto$90,000today)bythetimehegraduatedfromhighschoolandbecameamillionaireat32.Andthismonththe77-year-old,whoearnedhisfortunebymakingalotofgreatinvestmentinthestockmarket,madehischildhooddreamcometrue.Withafortuneof$62billion,Buffethasrisentobetheworld’srichestmanaccordingtoForbesMagazine.Bornin1930,Buffet,theonlysonofastockbroker,startedonachievinghisbillion-dollardreamatanearlyageandwasalwaysreadytothinkoutsidetheboxtodevelophisbusiness.At8hewenttogolfcoursescollectingandsellingusedballs.At11whenhesoldsodapopdoortodoorwithafriend,thepaircollectedlidsonthestreetstojudgewhichflavorwasthemostpopular.Asapaperboyduringhighschool,Buffetdeliveredtworival(竞争对手的)papers,sothatevenwhencustomerscanceledoneofthesubscriptions,hecouldstillmakeaprofitfromtheother.Withhispaperdeliverysavings,Buffetbought162,000squaremetersoffarmlandandcollectrent.YoungBuffetsteppedintothestockmarketat11butearnedonly$5.Theexperiencetaughthimoneofthevirtues(品质)ininvesting:patience.Aftergraduatingfromuniversity,Buffetstartedhisventurewithstockswithhischildhoodearningsandmoneyfromfriends.Heresearchedthestocksandjustboughtthoseofsolidcompaniesthatwereundervaluedandinexpensiveatthetime.BystickingtocompaniessuchasAmericanExpressandCoca-cola,Buffethasbecomerich.“LearningisimportanttoBuffet’ssuccess.Heisalearningmachinewhocanspendhisentiredayreading.Hekeepslearning,frombooks,streetsmartsandinvestigation,frombothsuccessandfailure.Inthisway,hefinallyoverachievedhisaptitude(才能)，”saidCharlieMunger,hislong-timebusinesspartner.WhichofthefollowingquestionshasNOTbeendiscussedintheselection？WhatisBuffet’sapproachtoinvesting.HowdootherpeopleviewBuffet.HowhasBuffethandledhardshipsinhislife.HowdidBuffetmakeafortuneandrealizehisdream.Withtheexampleofdeliveringtworivalpapersinhighschool,theauthorintendstotellusthatBuffet______.A.hadagoodsenseofbusinessB.wasagoodpaperboyC.washardtodealwithbusinessD.knewanythingbuthowtomakemoney61.WhatdidBuffetlearnfromhisearlyexperienceofinvestinginstockmarket?A.Youneverstoplearning.B.Bepatientinbusiness.C.Onlybuystocksofsolidcompaniesthatareundervaluedandinexpensive.D.SticktobuyingstocksincompaniessuchasAmericanExpressandCoca-cola.62.Whichofthefollowingcanmostprobablyserveasthetitleoftheselection?A.Buffet–GoodExampleforAllB.Buffet-aNewspaperBoyC.Buffet-InvestorinStockMarketD.Buffet-aSuccessfulDaydreamerCPeopleoftentalkasifshynessisadiseaseormentalconditionthatcanbecured.Iprefertothinkofitasanemotionaldisability.It’ssomethingwearebornwithandsomethingwecarrywithusinourentirelives.Therearetoomanypeople,however,whoseemtobedeterminedtofindsomewayofdoingawaywiththeirshyness.Inmyopinion,it’sawasteoftime.Idon’tmeanthatweshoulddonothingaboutit;quitethecontrary,Ithinkweneedtoseparatethebasicfactofshynessfromourabilitytotakepartinasocialenvironment.Lookatoneofthemostfamousshypeopleofthemall,JohnnyCarson.Thismanispainfullyshy,yetfordecadeshemadealivingtalkingandassociatingwithdifferentpeopleeverynight,infrontofanationalaudience.Carsonhasneverdoneawaywithhisshyness,buthehassuccessfullyfoundawaytodealwithittotheextentthathecouldbe,notjustatalkshowhost,butalegend(传奇)amongtalkshowhosts.LookalsoatSallyFields,whohasrecentlyadmittedherproblemwithshyness.Thisisawomanwhohasappearedinmanyfilms,TVshowsandinterviews,yetinherearlyyearsshewassoshythatsheturneddownalunchinvitationfromJaneFondabecauseshewasterriblyafraidofmeetingher.Iguessthatourshynessistherebecauseeachofusisbornwithsomeinsecurity(不安全感)andthisinsecuritypreventsusfromreadingouttoothersthewaypeoplewithamoreopenpersonalitydo.Aswegrowupandbecomeadults,weallowoursocialskillstogrowanddevelop.Butwearestillstuckinkindergartenorelementaryschoolorwhereveritwaswhenourshynesstookrootinoursoul.63.Intheauthor’sview,shynesscanbeexplainedas_________.A.adiseasethatcanbeeasilycuredB.anotverynormalmentalconditionC.anemotionaldisabilityD.somethingwepickupafterbirth64.Theauthorbelievesit’sawasteoftimeto____________A.developahealthypersonalityB.talkwithasmanypeopleaspossibleC.studywhereshynesscomesfromD.lookforwaystodoawaywithone’sshyness65.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEofJohnnyCarson?A.Hedaredtospeakinfrontofanationalaudience.B.Hedidawaywithhisshynesscarefully.C.Hewasdescribedasaheroinsomelegendbooks.D.Hefailedtobecomeagoodtalkshowhost.66.Theauthorthinksthatourshynessistherebecause_______A.wearenotopenenoughB.wedon’tfeelsafeatheartC.wetrytoreachouttoothersallthetimeD.welackcertainsocialskillsDThenewiPhone3Gshouldpleaseeveryone.Itslookandfeelareonlyslightlyimproved,butafasternetworkloadsWebpagesmorequickly,trueGPSfunctionalityallowsittoeasilyfindplacesnearby,andthenew$199price(downfrom$400)makesitanaffordableluxury.Beforedecidingwhethertobuy,however,makesureyoucanactuallytakeadvantageoftheiPhone3G’shigh-speeddatanetwork.3Gstandsforthird-generation,whichinnon-geekspeaktranslatestoWebpagesandmailmessagesthat,ideally,loadaboutthreetimesfasterthanontheoriginaliPhone.Evenbetter,3GcoverageenablesyoutomakeaphonecallandsurftheWebatthesametime.That’sgreat,ifyouliveorworkinaplacewherethe3GnetworkofAT&T(美国电话电报公司)(thesolewirelesscarrieroftheiPhone)isactive.That’snotsogreatincitieslikeNewYorkwhereAT&T’scellular(电台通讯网)coverageisawful.AsoneofmycolleaguesinNewYorkCity,whoboughttheoriginaliPhone,commented,“It’sjustatoy.Youcan’tmakephonecallsonit,soIcarrymyVerizonphonewithmeallthetime.”Therealfunbeginswhenyoutapontheicon(计算机图标)called“AppleStore”andstartbrowsing(浏览)thehundredsofadd-onapplicationsthathavebeendevelopedjustfortheiPhone.Youwillfindtonsofgames(IlikeJirboBreak,afreegameinspiredbytheAtariclassicBreakout)andmobileversionofpopularwebsiteslikePandora,Facebook,MySpaceandtheNewYorkTimes.Mostappswillcostyou,butthevastmajorityare$orless.TheappsworkontheoldiPhonetoo,butyou’llenjoythemalotmoreontheiPhone3Gbecausemanyoftheprograms,includingYelp(localbusinessreviews),Whrrl(mobilesocialnetworking)andUrbanSpoon(restaurantreviews),useyouexactlocationprovidedbytheiPhone3G’sGPSchiptomakerecommendations.Theappsalsoloadmuchfasteroverthe3Gnetwork.67.ThenewiPhone3GA.itlooksandfeelsbetterB.ithasafasternetworkC.itiseasytolocateaplaceD.itistooexpensiveforpeopletobuy68.WhydoesoneofmycolleaguescarryVerizonphonewithhimallthetime?A.BecauseiPhone3Gisjustatoy.B.BecauseheprefersVerizonphonebetter.C.BecauseAT&T’scellularcoverageisterriblethere.D.BecauseVerizonphoneenableshimmakeaphonecallandsurftheWebatthesametime.69.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.AppStorewillofferyougreatfun.B.ManyappshavebeendevelopedfortheiPhone.C.Mostappsareveryexpensive.D.Pandora,Facebook,MySpaceandtheNewYorkTimesarepopularwebsites.70.FromthepassageweknowthattheattitudeoftheauthortowardiPhone3Gis____.A.doubtfulB.appreciateC.optimisticD.pessimistic第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项并将答案填涂到答题卡上，注意：E涂为A和B，F涂为B和C,G涂为C和D_____71_________Youdon’tshowyoursecretpersonalitywhenyou’reawakebecauseyoucancontrolyourbehavior,butwhenyou’reasleep,yoursleepingpositionshowstherealyou.72Theimportantpositionistheonethatyougotosleepin. Ifyougotosleeponyourback,you’reaveryopenperson.Younormallytrustpeopleandyouareeasilyinfluencedbyfashionornewideas.Youdon’tliketoupsetpeople,soyouneverexpressyourrealfeelings.73Ifyousleeponyourstomach,youarearathersecretiveperson.Youworryalotandyou’realwayseasilyupset.You’reverystubborn(顽固),butyouaren’tveryambitious(上进的，有野心的)._________74______Thismeansthatyouenjoyhavingagoodtime. Ifyousleeponyourside,youhaveusuallygotawell-balancedpersonality.75You’reusuallycareful.Youhaveaconfidentpersonality.Yousometimesfeelanxious,butyoudon’toftengetdepressed.Youalwayssaywhatyouthinkevenifitannoyspeople.A.You’requiteshyandyouaren’tveryconfident.B.Youknowyourstrengthsandweaknesses. C.Normallypeopleseldomchangetheirsleepingposition.D.Everyonehasgottwopersonalities—theonethatisshowntotheworldandtheotherthatissecretandreal.E.Maybeyoudon’twanttomakefriendswithapersonwhosleepscurledup.F.Youusuallylivefortodaynotfortomorrow.G.Inanormalnight,ofcourse,peoplefrequentlychangetheirposition.第四部分：书面表达（共两节）第一节：短文改错（共10小题）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)花掉修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分MostparentsinChinahopehissinglechildrenwillhaveahappyfuture,sotheyareverystrictintheirchildren.Sodoteachers!Manychildrenaregivensomuchhomeworkthattheyhadhardlyanysparetimehavesports.Thechildrenareforbiddentodonothingbutstudy.Nowondersomanychildrenaretiringoflessons.Ibelievemanypeoplehavealreadyreadthiskindofnewsinnewspapersormagazines.Shouldn’twedrawlessonfromthoseevents?Nowthegovernmentiscarryingoutofaplantosolvetheseeducationproblem.第二节：书面表达（满分25分）假如你是李华去年夏天，你在一家国际中学生夏令营帮忙，收获颇多今年，你想邀请你的好友Jane一起为夏令营工作请你根据该夏令营的招聘广告及所给内容要点写一封信，说服Jane和你一同参加开头已为你写好（字数120词左右）HELPNEEDEDTHISSUMMERHELPNEEDEDTHISSUMMEREverysummerwerunanInternationalCampfor8to12-year-oldchildren.Youwillhelpwith:—outdooractivities—entertainment—sportscompetitions—children’sgamesFreeaccommodationFreefoodOnly5hours’workaday!Beautifulplace…NotWonderful,but…Explainwhytheworkwasfunlastyear!Tents!EnoughfreetimeforusDearJane,IhavealreadytoldyouaboutthejobIdidlastsummerintheInternationalCampforchildren,doyouremember?AndthisyeartheyarelookingforpeopleforthesamejobsoI…沈阳二中2022-2022学年度下学期6月月考高一（13届）英语试题答题纸第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）MostparentsinChinahopehissinglechildrenwillhaveahappyfuture,sotheyareverystrictintheirchildren.Sodoteachers!Manychildrenaregivensomuchhomeworkthattheyhadhardlyanysparetimehavesports.Thechildrenareforbiddentodonothingbutstudy.Nowondersomanychildrenaretiringoflessons.Ibelievemanypeoplehavealreadyreadthiskindofnewsinnewspapersormagazines.Shouldn’twedrawlessonfromthoseevents?Nowthegovernmentiscarryingoutofaplantosolvetheseeducationproblem.第二节书面表达（满分25分）DearJane,IhavealreadytoldyouaboutthejobIdidlastsummerintheInternationalCampforchildren,doyouremember?AndthisyeartheyarelookingforpeopleforthesamejobsoI…__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________