英译汉第8讲-翻译技巧之重复法【连淑能英译汉教程】课件

重复法repetition翻译技巧2013-4-23第八讲重复法repetition翻译技巧2013-4-23第八讲1grammaticalrepetitionrhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition2022/11/242repetitiongrammaticalrepetition2022/11/2grammaticalrepetitionrhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition2022/11/243repetitiongrammaticalrepetition2022/11/3grammaticalrepetition语法性重复Clarityismoreimportantthanconciseness.Thebitterestenemiesofclarityareobscurityandambiguity.Obscurityiscuredbylogicalarrangementofwordsinaccordancewithgoodusage,whileambiguitymayberemediedbyskillfulrepetition.2022/11/244grammaticalrepetition语法性重复2024重复被修饰语Letusreviseoursafetyandsanitaryregulations.我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。Theuseofatomicweaponsisaclearviolation

ofinternationallaw,inparticularoftheGenevaConvention.使用原子武器显然违反国际法，特别是违反日内瓦公约。Iverymuchadmireyourdetermination

tostrengthenChina’seconomyandtoensurethatthefruitsthereofareenjoyedbythemasseswhoupholdChina’ssocialistconstruction.我非常钦佩你们决心增强中国经济，并且决心保证使从事社会主义建设的人民群众能够享受经济发展的成果。2022/11/245grammaticalrepetition重复被修饰语2022/11/225grammaticalr5重复修饰语IidentifymyselfasoneofcriticalloversandlovingcriticsoftheUnitedNations.我自认为我既是一个批评联合国的爱护者，又是一个爱护联合国的批评者。Weneedmaterialswhichcanbearhigh

temperatureandpressure.我们需要能耐高温和耐高压的材料。Undersuitableconditionswecanproduceenergyintheelectricalformbytheconversionofheat,mechanicalandotherformsofenergy.在适当的条件下，我们能把热能、机械能、以及其他形式的能转化成电能。2022/11/246grammaticalrepetition重复修饰语2022/11/226grammaticalre6重复几个宾语所共有的动词或几个动词所共有的宾语Wehavetoanalyzeandsolveproblems.我们要分析问题，解决问题。Wehavecomeheretoexpress

ourgratitudeandthefriendship,completesolidarityandcomradeship-in-armsthatuniteourtwopeoples.我们来这里是为了表达我们的感激之情，也是为了表达联结我们两国人民的友谊、完全的团结和同志般的战斗情谊。2022/11/247grammaticalrepetition重复几个宾语所共有的动词或几个动词所共有的宾语2022/117重复几个宾语所共有的介词Despite

hisversatilityoftalentandshiftinessofpurpose,thismanhasinhiswholelifetimebeenweddedtothemostfossilizedroutine.尽管他有随机应变的本领，尽管他的主张反复无常，但是他终生都是极端墨守成规的。Thesolidfriendshipbetweenourtwocountriestookshapeduringourprotractedstrugglesagainst

colonialism,hegemonism,andoutmodedrelationships.我们两国之间的牢固友谊是在我们反对殖民主义、反对霸权主义和反对旧式关系的持久斗争中形成的。2022/11/248grammaticalrepetition重复几个宾语所共有的介词2022/11/228grammat8重复被省略或被替代的动词Youcandoitverywell,ifyoucareto.如果你愿意做这件事，你可以做得很好。Inanycaseworkdoesnotincludetime,butpowerdoes.在任何情况下，功不包括时间，但功率却包括时间。Readingexercises

one’seyes;speaking,one’stongue;whilewriting,one’smind.阅读训练人的眼睛，说话训练人的口齿，写作训练人的思维。2022/11/249grammaticalrepetition重复被省略或被替代的动词2022/11/229grammat9重复代词所代替的名词Waterevaporatesmorerapidlywhenthetemperatureishighthanwhenit

islow.温度高，水蒸发得快；温度低，水蒸发得慢。TranslationfromEnglishintoChineseisnotaseasyasthat

fromEnglishtoFrench.英译汉不如英译法容易。Achemicalchangeisone

inwhichthestructureofparticlesischangedandanewsubstanceisformed.化学变化是改变粒子结构、形成新物质的一种变化。2022/11/2410grammaticalrepetition重复代词所代替的名词2022/11/2210grammati10重复名词或动词，以代替英语的关系词或连接词Radarisanewlydevelopedtechniquebywhich

peoplecanseethethingsbeyondthevisibilityofthem.雷达是一种新开发的技术，利用雷达人们能看到视线以外的东西。Wehaveadvocatedtheprincipleofpeacefulco-existence,which

isnowgrowingmoreandmorepopularamongthenationsofAsiaandAfrica.我们提倡和平共处的原则，这个原则目前在亚非各国越来越得人心了。Peace-lovingpeoplecanonlywishthat

thevictoryinelectionbeutilizedandconsolidated,andthat

astablegovernmentbeformedinthatcountry.爱好和平的人只希望这次选举的胜利能得到利用，并加以巩固，也希望该国能建立一个稳定的政府。2022/11/2411grammaticalrepetition重复名词或动词，以代替英语的关系词或连接词2022/11/211重复下义词，代替上义词Anelectrontubeisgenerallyusedforamplification,andvacuumtubeisanothernameforthisdevice.电子管通常用来放大，而真空管则是电子管的另一名称。OnJuly14,1965,MarinerIVpassedwithin6,000milesofMarsandtransmittedbacktotheearth21picturesofthesurfaceofthatplanet.1965年7月14日，“海员四号”从离火星不到6000英里处经过，把21张火星表面的照片传回了地球。Themonkey’smostextraordinaryaccomplishmentwaslearningtooperateatractor.Bytheageofnine,themonkeyhadlearnedtosoloonthevehicle.这只猴子最了不起的技能是学会驾驶拖拉机。到了九岁的时候，这只猴子已经学会单独表演驾驶拖拉机了。2022/11/2412egrammaticalrepetition重复下义词，代替上义词2022/11/2212egramma12grammaticalrepetitionrhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition2022/11/2413repetitiongrammaticalrepetition2022/11/13rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition修辞性重叠和重复ItisoneofthepeculiaritiesofChinesetoreduplicatecharactersorwordsinword-formationandtorepeatthesimilarwordorexpressioninadiscourseforexpressiveness

andparallelism.Thisdevice,rhetoricalorgrammatical,canrendertranslationsmoreappealingtoChinesereader.2022/11/2414rhetoricalreduplicationandr14重叠字或词名词重叠，表示“每个”、“所有”、“许多”、“小”、“杂”或某种感情色彩等AA:人人、天天、年年、事事AABB:男男女女、世世代代、风风雨雨、日日夜夜数量词重叠，表示“每个”、“逐个”、“许多”或某种感情色彩BB:个个、件件、条条、篇篇、层层ABB:一块块、一滴滴、一朵朵ABAB:一次一次、一步一步、一颗一颗AABB:千千万万、三三两两2022/11/2415rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition重叠字或词2022/11/2215rhetoricalre15动词重叠，表示动作的轻微、反复、完成、连续、轻松、随便等AA:说说、听听、想想、试试、歇歇A一/了A:走一走、摇一摇、笑了笑、看了看ABAB:考虑考虑、收拾收拾、整理整理、休息休息AABB:进进出出、摇摇晃晃、吞吞吐吐、吵吵嚷嚷A着A着/A了A了:听着听着、看着看着、老了老了、完了完了2022/11/2416rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition动词重叠，表示动作的轻微、反复、完成、连续、轻松、随便等2016形容词重叠，表示程度的加重、加深、加强、减轻或喜爱、厌恶等情绪AA:高高、厚厚、小小、长长、细细A一/了A:走一走、摇一摇、笑了笑、看了看AABB:干干净净、花花绿绿、歪歪斜斜ABAB:笔直笔直、通红通红、雪白雪白、崭新崭新2022/11/2417rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition形容词重叠，表示程度的加重、加深、加强、减轻或喜爱、厌恶等情17附加式重叠，主要用来使表达形象、生动、活泼，其格式尤其丰富多彩AAX:毛毛雨、呱呱叫、团团转、步步高、蒙蒙亮XAA:水汪汪、羞答答、笑眯眯、亮晶晶、白茫茫AAXY:花花世界、心心相印、娓娓动听、历历在目、脉脉含情XYAA:衣冠楚楚、忧心忡忡、杨柳依依、风雨潇潇A里AB:罗哩罗嗦、糊里糊涂、古里古怪、慌里慌张2022/11/2418rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition附加式重叠，主要用来使表达形象、生动、活泼，其格式尤其丰富多18偏正并列式、动宾并列式、主谓并列式及其他形式的重叠ABAC:难兄难弟、绘声绘色、没大没小、所作所为ABCB:以毒攻毒、爱理不理、好说歹说、一拖再拖ABA:面对面、心连心、手拉手、肩并肩、背靠背象声词重叠，形式多种多样。这类词有很大的可创性，有的纯粹摹拟声音，有的表示声音的一个自然段落，有的表示声音的连续或重复，有的表示声音的杂乱。哗哗、嗡嗡、呼呼、呜呜、喃喃、咕咕、轰隆隆、叮叮当当、噼噼啪啪、哗啦哗啦、咕嘟咕嘟2022/11/2419rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition偏正并列式、动宾并列式、主谓并列式及其他形式的重叠2022/19Onlyaveryslight

andveryscattering

ripplesofhalf-hearted

hand-clappinggreetedhim.欢迎他的只有几下轻轻的、零零落落的、冷冷淡淡的掌声。Therewereonlyhalfadozenlinesinhermother’sneatfeaturelesswriting,aManhattanpublicschoolscript.她母亲用曼哈顿公立学校惯用的普普通通的字体，整整齐齐地写下了五六行的信。Ontheothersideofthetorpedoshop,largefiresalsoroared

andcrackled,fannedbyaseawind.鱼雷工厂另一边，海风吹着大火，烧得轰轰隆隆、劈劈啪啪直响。2022/11/2420rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetitionOnlyaveryslightandverysc20Therewereplatters

ofsmokingsausagesandsauerkraut,thereweremanywhole

pinkhams,thereweremounds

ofboiledpotatoes,piles

offriedchicken,stacked

loavesoffreshbread,pitchers

ofbeer,immensewhole

yellowandorangecheeses.桌上摆满了一大盘一大盘的熏香肠和酸白菜，整块整块粉红的火腿，一堆堆煮熟的马铃薯和油炸子鸡，一摞摞新鲜的面包，大壶大壶的啤酒，许多整块整块的黄色和橘红色干酪。2022/11/2421rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetitionTherewereplattersofsmoking21Shedroppedhervoice,andlookedsosadandpiteous.Attheexpirationofthattime,wheelswereheardwhirling

uptothegate.Hewalkeddownthelineshakinghandswitheach

andmumbling

afewwordsthatwereinaudible.Huge,rivenandblazing

wrecksthatonlyminutesbeforehadbeenmajestic

aircraftcarrierssettledintotheglittering

Pacific.Exercise:2022/11/2422Shedroppedhervoice,andloo22Shedroppedhervoice,andlookedsosadandpiteous.

她声音放得很低，一副悲悲戚戚的样子，真是可怜。Attheexpirationofthattime,wheelswereheardwhirling

uptothegate.

过了那个时候，只听得车声辚辚，车很快在门前停了下来。Answer:2022/11/2423Shedroppedhervoice,andloo23Hewalkeddownthelineshakinghandswitheachandmumbling

afewwordsthatwereinaudible.

他走了过来，同一列人逐个握手，嘴里叽叽咕咕，也听不清说的是什么。Huge,rivenandblazing

wrecksthatonlyminutesbeforehadbeenmajestic

aircraftcarrierssettledintotheglittering

Pacific.

几分钟前，这些航空母舰还是那么威风凛凛，不久就变成豁裂残断、熊熊烈火的庞大残骸，渐渐沉入了波光粼粼的太平洋。Answer:2022/11/2424Hewalkeddownthelineshakin24重复同义字或词2022/11/2425rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetitionhorrifiedearth-shakingsatisfactoryfromdoortodoormoanandgroantotalknonsenseardentloyaltyoutlandishclothes惊心动魄惊天动地称心如意挨门逐户唉声叹气胡言乱语赤胆忠心奇装异服重复同义字或词2022/11/2225rhetorical252022/11/2426rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetitionheartandsoulrumorsandslandersremotebarrenlandutterlyexhausteddemonsandghostswithgreateagernessbyhookorbycrooktobecomeahouseholdword全心全意流言蜚语穷乡僻壤精疲力竭妖魔鬼怪/牛鬼蛇神如饥似渴千方百计/想方设法家喻户晓2022/11/2226rhetoricalredupli26重复词语或表达法Itisnousedoingwhatyoulike;youhavetolikewhatyoudo.爱一行干一行不行，要干一行爱一行。Atthis,muchbewildered,thereporterlamelyapologizedandmadeoffdownthestreet,occasionallyglancingbackandevidentlyundecidedwhethertobelievehiseyesorhisears.听到这番话，这记者被弄得糊里糊涂，一面支支吾吾地道歉着，一面匆匆地顺着街道溜走了，不时地回过头来看看，显然拿不定主意到底是相信自己的眼睛，还是相信自己的耳朵。2022/11/2427rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition重复词语或表达法2022/11/2227rhetorical27Hewentwherevertherewasthegreatestneed.Theweatheralternatesbetweensunshineandrain.Ouroldclothesandfewsticksoffurniturehavebeenpawnedorsold.ThemenofMoscowhuffandpuff,complain,warn,bluster——andnooneseemstopayanyattention.Exercise:2022/11/2428Hewentwherevertherewasthe28Hewentwherevertherewasthegreatestneed.

哪里最需要，他就到哪里去。Theweatheralternatesbetweensunshineandrain.

时而天晴，时而下雨。Ouroldclothesandfewsticksoffurniturehavebeenpawnedorsold.

我们一些旧衣服和旧家具，当的当了，卖的卖了。ThemenofMoscowhuffandpuff,complain,warn,bluster——andnooneseemstopayanyattention.

莫斯科的当家人吹胡子，瞪眼睛，怒气冲冲，牢骚满腹，又是警告，又是大喊大叫——可是好像谁也不置理。Answer:2022/11/2429Hewentwherevertherewasthe29汉语特有句式中动词的重复Shehasreadfewbooks.她读书读得不多。她书读得不多。书她读得不多。In“S+V+O”sentencepattern,adverbialadjunct(状语补语)isidiomaticallyplacedaftertherepetitionoftheverb.However,iftheobjectisputbeforetheverb,therepetitionoftheverbisnotnecessary,andthemeaningremainsunchanged.2022/11/2430rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition汉语特有句式中动词的重复2022/11/2230rhetor30Hespokeinanirritatingway.他说话说得令人不快。Heistipsy.他喝酒喝醉了。Hisillnessthistimewascausedbyacoldbath.他这场病呀，准是洗冷水澡给洗出来的。2022/11/2431rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetitionHespokeinanirritatingway.31在汉语口语中，有时需要重复动词（或形容词、名词）以表达让步或其他情感；英语则不需要重复。Ihavemadeproposals,buttheyprovedfutile.说是说了，但没有结果。Ihavetried,butmyeffortswereafailure.做是做了，但没有成功。IshallgolaterbutIcan’tleavejustnow.去是要去，但是现在还不能走。It’sagoodidea,butI’mafraidit’simpracticable.这个主意好是好，但恐怕行不通。2022/11/2432rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition在汉语口语中，有时需要重复动词（或形容词、名词）以表达让步或32英汉语类似的重复Iampersuadedthatneitherdeath,norlife,norangels,norprincipalities,northingspresent,northingstocome,norpowers,norheight,nordepth,noranyothercreatureshallbeabletoseparateusfromtheloveofGod.我相信：死亡也好，生命也好，天使也好，君主也好，现在的东西也好，未来的东西也好，权力也好，高度也好，深度也好，任何其他生物也好，统统不能使我们脱离上帝的爱。2022/11/2433rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition英汉语类似的重复2022/11/2233rhetorical33ProverbsarethepopularsayingthatbrightensomuchLatinAmericantalk,theboiled-downwisdomthatyouareasapttohearfromprofessorsasfrompeasants,frombeggarsasfromelegantes.Briefandcolorful,theymoreoftenthannotcarryasting.谚语是使拉丁美洲人民言谈生动活泼的流行俗语，是洗练睿智的语言。大学教授说，田野农夫也说，市井乞丐说，名媛闺秀也说。谚语简洁明快，丰富多彩，往往带刺。2022/11/2434rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetitionProverbsarethepopularsayin34Itwasthebestoftimes,itwastheworstoftimes;itwastheageofwisdom,itwastheageoffoolishness;itwastheepochofbelief,itwastheepochofincredulity;itwastheseasonofLight,itwastheseasonofDarkness;itwasthespringofhope,itwasthewinterofdespair;wehadeverythingbeforeus,wehadnothingbeforeus;wewereallgoingdirecttoHeaven,wewereallgoingdirecttheotherway.这是最好的时光，这也是最坏的时光；这是智慧的年代，这也是愚蠢的年代；这是信仰的时代，这也是怀疑的时代；这是光明的时节，这也是黑暗的时节；这是希望的春天，这也是绝望的冬天；我们面前万物皆有，我们面前也一无所有；我们都在直登天堂，我们也都在直下地狱。2022/11/2435rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetitionItwasthebestoftimes,itw35英语中的“叠词”2022/11/2436rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetitionhurry-scurryhurly-burlysillybillyticktockfiddle-faddlecrisscrosstittle-tattlepell-mell慌忙乱窜骚乱，喧闹笨蛋滴答声瞎搞；胡说十字形；杂乱无章，混乱状态闲聊，漫谈混乱的，乱七八糟英语中的“叠词”2022/11/2236rhetorical362022/11/2437rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetitiondillydallyslip-slopnitty-grittyhanky-pankynamby-pambyhiggledy-piggledyhugger-muggerheebie-geebiesshilly-shally吊儿郎当地消磨时间平淡的本质，基本事实欺骗、耍花招优柔寡断的乱七八糟混乱神经紧张犹豫不决2022/11/2237rhetoricalredupli37Nothingventure,nothinghave.Outofsight,outofmind.Loveme,lovemydog.Nothinghappensfornothing.Nonewsisgoodnews.Helaughsbestwholaughslast.Selfdo,selfhave.Talkmuch,errmuch.Knowsomethingofeverythingandeverythingofsomething.Exercise:谚语2022/11/2438Nothingventure,nothinghave.38Nothingventure,nothinghave.

不入虎穴，焉得虎子。Outofsight,outofmind.

眼不见，心不念。/久别情疏。Loveme,lovemydog.

爱屋及乌。Nothinghappensfornothing.

事出有因。/无风不起浪。Nonewsisgoodnews.

不闻凶讯便是吉。Answer:2022/11/2439Nothingventure,nothinghave.39Helaughsbestwholaughslast.

谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。Selfdo,selfhave.

自作自受。Talkmuch,errmuch.

言多必失。Knowsomethingofeverythingandeverythingofsomething.

通百艺而专一行。Answer:2022/11/2440Helaughsbestwholaughslast40译作赏析2022/11/24TheFirstSnowThefirstsnowcame.Howbeautifulitwas,fallingsosilentlyalldaylong,allnightlong,onthemountains,onthemeadows,ontheroofsoftheliving,onthegravesofthedead!Allwhitesavetheriver,thatmarkeditscoursebyawindingblacklineacrossthelandscape;andtheleaflesstrees,thatagainsttheleadenskynowrevealedmorefullythewonderfulbeautyandintricaciesoftheirbranches.Whatsilence,too,camewiththesnow,andwhatseclusion!Everysoundwasmuffled;everynoisechangedtosomethingsoftandmusical.Nomoretrampinghoofs,nomorerattlingwheels!Onlythechimingofsleigh-bells,beatingasswiftandmerrilyastheheartsofchildren.41译作赏析2022/11/22TheFirstSnow4141译作赏析2022/11/24【译文】初雪初雪飘临。多么美啊！它整日整夜那么静静地飘着，落在山岭上，落在草地上，落在世人的屋顶上，落在死者的坟墓上！在一片白茫茫之中，只有河流在美丽的画面上划出一道曲曲弯弯的黑线；还有那叶儿落净的树木，映衬着铅灰色的天空，此刻更显得丫枝交错，姿态万千。初雪飘落时，是何等的宁谧，何等的幽静！一切声响都趋沉寂，一切噪音都化作柔和的音乐。再也听不见马蹄得得，再也听不见车轮辚辚！唯有雪橇的铃铛，奏出和谐的乐声，那明快欢乐的节拍犹如孩子们心房的博动。42译作赏析2022/11/22【译文】4242TheEndThankYou!TheEndThankYou!43重复法repetition翻译技巧2013-4-23第八讲重复法repetition翻译技巧2013-4-23第八讲44grammaticalrepetitionrhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition2022/11/2445repetitiongrammaticalrepetition2022/11/45grammaticalrepetitionrhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition2022/11/2446repetitiongrammaticalrepetition2022/11/46grammaticalrepetition语法性重复Clarityismoreimportantthanconciseness.Thebitterestenemiesofclarityareobscurityandambiguity.Obscurityiscuredbylogicalarrangementofwordsinaccordancewithgoodusage,whileambiguitymayberemediedbyskillfulrepetition.2022/11/2447grammaticalrepetition语法性重复20247重复被修饰语Letusreviseoursafetyandsanitaryregulations.我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。Theuseofatomicweaponsisaclearviolation

ofinternationallaw,inparticularoftheGenevaConvention.使用原子武器显然违反国际法，特别是违反日内瓦公约。Iverymuchadmireyourdetermination

tostrengthenChina’seconomyandtoensurethatthefruitsthereofareenjoyedbythemasseswhoupholdChina’ssocialistconstruction.我非常钦佩你们决心增强中国经济，并且决心保证使从事社会主义建设的人民群众能够享受经济发展的成果。2022/11/2448grammaticalrepetition重复被修饰语2022/11/225grammaticalr48重复修饰语IidentifymyselfasoneofcriticalloversandlovingcriticsoftheUnitedNations.我自认为我既是一个批评联合国的爱护者，又是一个爱护联合国的批评者。Weneedmaterialswhichcanbearhigh

temperatureandpressure.我们需要能耐高温和耐高压的材料。Undersuitableconditionswecanproduceenergyintheelectricalformbytheconversionofheat,mechanicalandotherformsofenergy.在适当的条件下，我们能把热能、机械能、以及其他形式的能转化成电能。2022/11/2449grammaticalrepetition重复修饰语2022/11/226grammaticalre49重复几个宾语所共有的动词或几个动词所共有的宾语Wehavetoanalyzeandsolveproblems.我们要分析问题，解决问题。Wehavecomeheretoexpress

ourgratitudeandthefriendship,completesolidarityandcomradeship-in-armsthatuniteourtwopeoples.我们来这里是为了表达我们的感激之情，也是为了表达联结我们两国人民的友谊、完全的团结和同志般的战斗情谊。2022/11/2450grammaticalrepetition重复几个宾语所共有的动词或几个动词所共有的宾语2022/1150重复几个宾语所共有的介词Despite

hisversatilityoftalentandshiftinessofpurpose,thismanhasinhiswholelifetimebeenweddedtothemostfossilizedroutine.尽管他有随机应变的本领，尽管他的主张反复无常，但是他终生都是极端墨守成规的。Thesolidfriendshipbetweenourtwocountriestookshapeduringourprotractedstrugglesagainst

colonialism,hegemonism,andoutmodedrelationships.我们两国之间的牢固友谊是在我们反对殖民主义、反对霸权主义和反对旧式关系的持久斗争中形成的。2022/11/2451grammaticalrepetition重复几个宾语所共有的介词2022/11/228grammat51重复被省略或被替代的动词Youcandoitverywell,ifyoucareto.如果你愿意做这件事，你可以做得很好。Inanycaseworkdoesnotincludetime,butpowerdoes.在任何情况下，功不包括时间，但功率却包括时间。Readingexercises

one’seyes;speaking,one’stongue;whilewriting,one’smind.阅读训练人的眼睛，说话训练人的口齿，写作训练人的思维。2022/11/2452grammaticalrepetition重复被省略或被替代的动词2022/11/229grammat52重复代词所代替的名词Waterevaporatesmorerapidlywhenthetemperatureishighthanwhenit

islow.温度高，水蒸发得快；温度低，水蒸发得慢。TranslationfromEnglishintoChineseisnotaseasyasthat

fromEnglishtoFrench.英译汉不如英译法容易。Achemicalchangeisone

inwhichthestructureofparticlesischangedandanewsubstanceisformed.化学变化是改变粒子结构、形成新物质的一种变化。2022/11/2453grammaticalrepetition重复代词所代替的名词2022/11/2210grammati53重复名词或动词，以代替英语的关系词或连接词Radarisanewlydevelopedtechniquebywhich

peoplecanseethethingsbeyondthevisibilityofthem.雷达是一种新开发的技术，利用雷达人们能看到视线以外的东西。Wehaveadvocatedtheprincipleofpeacefulco-existence,which

isnowgrowingmoreandmorepopularamongthenationsofAsiaandAfrica.我们提倡和平共处的原则，这个原则目前在亚非各国越来越得人心了。Peace-lovingpeoplecanonlywishthat

thevictoryinelectionbeutilizedandconsolidated,andthat

astablegovernmentbeformedinthatcountry.爱好和平的人只希望这次选举的胜利能得到利用，并加以巩固，也希望该国能建立一个稳定的政府。2022/11/2454grammaticalrepetition重复名词或动词，以代替英语的关系词或连接词2022/11/254重复下义词，代替上义词Anelectrontubeisgenerallyusedforamplification,andvacuumtubeisanothernameforthisdevice.电子管通常用来放大，而真空管则是电子管的另一名称。OnJuly14,1965,MarinerIVpassedwithin6,000milesofMarsandtransmittedbacktotheearth21picturesofthesurfaceofthatplanet.1965年7月14日，“海员四号”从离火星不到6000英里处经过，把21张火星表面的照片传回了地球。Themonkey’smostextraordinaryaccomplishmentwaslearningtooperateatractor.Bytheageofnine,themonkeyhadlearnedtosoloonthevehicle.这只猴子最了不起的技能是学会驾驶拖拉机。到了九岁的时候，这只猴子已经学会单独表演驾驶拖拉机了。2022/11/2455egrammaticalrepetition重复下义词，代替上义词2022/11/2212egramma55grammaticalrepetitionrhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition2022/11/2456repetitiongrammaticalrepetition2022/11/56rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition修辞性重叠和重复ItisoneofthepeculiaritiesofChinesetoreduplicatecharactersorwordsinword-formationandtorepeatthesimilarwordorexpressioninadiscourseforexpressiveness

andparallelism.Thisdevice,rhetoricalorgrammatical,canrendertranslationsmoreappealingtoChinesereader.2022/11/2457rhetoricalreduplicationandr57重叠字或词名词重叠，表示“每个”、“所有”、“许多”、“小”、“杂”或某种感情色彩等AA:人人、天天、年年、事事AABB:男男女女、世世代代、风风雨雨、日日夜夜数量词重叠，表示“每个”、“逐个”、“许多”或某种感情色彩BB:个个、件件、条条、篇篇、层层ABB:一块块、一滴滴、一朵朵ABAB:一次一次、一步一步、一颗一颗AABB:千千万万、三三两两2022/11/2458rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition重叠字或词2022/11/2215rhetoricalre58动词重叠，表示动作的轻微、反复、完成、连续、轻松、随便等AA:说说、听听、想想、试试、歇歇A一/了A:走一走、摇一摇、笑了笑、看了看ABAB:考虑考虑、收拾收拾、整理整理、休息休息AABB:进进出出、摇摇晃晃、吞吞吐吐、吵吵嚷嚷A着A着/A了A了:听着听着、看着看着、老了老了、完了完了2022/11/2459rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition动词重叠，表示动作的轻微、反复、完成、连续、轻松、随便等2059形容词重叠，表示程度的加重、加深、加强、减轻或喜爱、厌恶等情绪AA:高高、厚厚、小小、长长、细细A一/了A:走一走、摇一摇、笑了笑、看了看AABB:干干净净、花花绿绿、歪歪斜斜ABAB:笔直笔直、通红通红、雪白雪白、崭新崭新2022/11/2460rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition形容词重叠，表示程度的加重、加深、加强、减轻或喜爱、厌恶等情60附加式重叠，主要用来使表达形象、生动、活泼，其格式尤其丰富多彩AAX:毛毛雨、呱呱叫、团团转、步步高、蒙蒙亮XAA:水汪汪、羞答答、笑眯眯、亮晶晶、白茫茫AAXY:花花世界、心心相印、娓娓动听、历历在目、脉脉含情XYAA:衣冠楚楚、忧心忡忡、杨柳依依、风雨潇潇A里AB:罗哩罗嗦、糊里糊涂、古里古怪、慌里慌张2022/11/2461rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition附加式重叠，主要用来使表达形象、生动、活泼，其格式尤其丰富多61偏正并列式、动宾并列式、主谓并列式及其他形式的重叠ABAC:难兄难弟、绘声绘色、没大没小、所作所为ABCB:以毒攻毒、爱理不理、好说歹说、一拖再拖ABA:面对面、心连心、手拉手、肩并肩、背靠背象声词重叠，形式多种多样。这类词有很大的可创性，有的纯粹摹拟声音，有的表示声音的一个自然段落，有的表示声音的连续或重复，有的表示声音的杂乱。哗哗、嗡嗡、呼呼、呜呜、喃喃、咕咕、轰隆隆、叮叮当当、噼噼啪啪、哗啦哗啦、咕嘟咕嘟2022/11/2462rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition偏正并列式、动宾并列式、主谓并列式及其他形式的重叠2022/62Onlyaveryslight

andveryscattering

ripplesofhalf-hearted

hand-clappinggreetedhim.欢迎他的只有几下轻轻的、零零落落的、冷冷淡淡的掌声。Therewereonlyhalfadozenlinesinhermother’sneatfeaturelesswriting,aManhattanpublicschoolscript.她母亲用曼哈顿公立学校惯用的普普通通的字体，整整齐齐地写下了五六行的信。Ontheothersideofthetorpedoshop,largefiresalsoroared

andcrackled,fannedbyaseawind.鱼雷工厂另一边，海风吹着大火，烧得轰轰隆隆、劈劈啪啪直响。2022/11/2463rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetitionOnlyaveryslightandverysc63Therewereplatters

ofsmokingsausagesandsauerkraut,thereweremanywhole

pinkhams,thereweremounds

ofboiledpotatoes,piles

offriedchicken,stacked

loavesoffreshbread,pitchers

ofbeer,immensewhole

yellowandorangecheeses.桌上摆满了一大盘一大盘的熏香肠和酸白菜，整块整块粉红的火腿，一堆堆煮熟的马铃薯和油炸子鸡，一摞摞新鲜的面包，大壶大壶的啤酒，许多整块整块的黄色和橘红色干酪。2022/11/2464rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetitionTherewereplattersofsmoking64Shedroppedhervoice,andlookedsosadandpiteous.Attheexpirationofthattime,wheelswereheardwhirling

uptothegate.Hewalkeddownthelineshakinghandswitheach

andmumbling

afewwordsthatwereinaudible.Huge,rivenandblazing

wrecksthatonlyminutesbeforehadbeenmajestic

aircraftcarrierssettledintotheglittering

Pacific.Exercise:2022/11/2465Shedroppedhervoice,andloo65Shedroppedhervoice,andlookedsosadandpiteous.

她声音放得很低，一副悲悲戚戚的样子，真是可怜。Attheexpirationofthattime,wheelswereheardwhirling

uptothegate.

过了那个时候，只听得车声辚辚，车很快在门前停了下来。Answer:2022/11/2466Shedroppedhervoice,andloo66Hewalkeddownthelineshakinghandswitheachandmumbling

afewwordsthatwereinaudible.

他走了过来，同一列人逐个握手，嘴里叽叽咕咕，也听不清说的是什么。Huge,rivenandblazing

wrecksthatonlyminutesbeforehadbeenmajestic

aircraftcarrierssettledintotheglittering

Pacific.

几分钟前，这些航空母舰还是那么威风凛凛，不久就变成豁裂残断、熊熊烈火的庞大残骸，渐渐沉入了波光粼粼的太平洋。Answer:2022/11/2467Hewalkeddownthelineshakin67重复同义字或词2022/11/2468rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetitionhorrifiedearth-shakingsatisfactoryfromdoortodoormoanandgroantotalknonsenseardentloyaltyoutlandishclothes惊心动魄惊天动地称心如意挨门逐户唉声叹气胡言乱语赤胆忠心奇装异服重复同义字或词2022/11/2225rhetorical682022/11/2469rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetitionheartandsoulrumorsandslandersremotebarrenlandutterlyexhausteddemonsandghostswithgreateagernessbyhookorbycrooktobecomeahouseholdword全心全意流言蜚语穷乡僻壤精疲力竭妖魔鬼怪/牛鬼蛇神如饥似渴千方百计/想方设法家喻户晓2022/11/2226rhetoricalredupli69重复词语或表达法Itisnousedoingwhatyoulike;youhavetolikewhatyoudo.爱一行干一行不行，要干一行爱一行。Atthis,muchbewildered,thereporterlamelyapologizedandmadeoffdownthestreet,occasionallyglancingbackandevidentlyundecidedwhethertobelievehiseyesorhisears.听到这番话，这记者被弄得糊里糊涂，一面支支吾吾地道歉着，一面匆匆地顺着街道溜走了，不时地回过头来看看，显然拿不定主意到底是相信自己的眼睛，还是相信自己的耳朵。2022/11/2470rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition重复词语或表达法2022/11/2227rhetorical70Hewentwherevertherewasthegreatestneed.Theweatheralternatesbetweensunshineandrain.Ouroldclothesandfewsticksoffurniturehavebeenpawnedorsold.ThemenofMoscowhuffandpuff,complain,warn,bluster——andnooneseemstopayanyattention.Exercise:2022/11/2471Hewentwherevertherewasthe71Hewentwherevertherewasthegreatestneed.

哪里最需要，他就到哪里去。Theweatheralternatesbetweensunshineandrain.

时而天晴，时而下雨。Ouroldclothesandfewsticksoffurniturehavebeenpawnedorsold.

我们一些旧衣服和旧家具，当的当了，卖的卖了。ThemenofMoscowhuffandpuff,complain,warn,bluster——andnooneseemstopayanyattention.

莫斯科的当家人吹胡子，瞪眼睛，怒气冲冲，牢骚满腹，又是警告，又是大喊大叫——可是好像谁也不置理。Answer:2022/11/2472Hewentwherevertherewasthe72汉语特有句式中动词的重复Shehasreadfewbooks.她读书读得不多。她书读得不多。书她读得不多。In“S+V+O”sentencepattern,adverbialadjunct(状语补语)isidiomaticallyplacedaftertherepetitionoftheverb.However,iftheobjectisputbeforetheverb,therepetitionoftheverbisnotnecessary,andthemeaningremainsunchanged.2022/11/2473rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition汉语特有句式中动词的重复2022/11/2230rhetor73Hespokeinanirritatingway.他说话说得令人不快。Heistipsy.他喝酒喝醉了。Hisillnessthistimewascausedbyacoldbath.他这场病呀，准是洗冷水澡给洗出来的。2022/11/2474rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetitionHespokeinanirritatingway.74在汉语口语中，有时需要重复动词（或形容词、名词）以表达让步或其他情感；英语则不需要重复。Ihavemadeproposals,buttheyprovedfutile.说是说了，但没有结果。Ihavetried,butmyeffortswereafailure.做是做了，但没有成功。IshallgolaterbutIcan’tleavejustnow.去是要去，但是现在还不能走。It’sagoodidea,butI’mafraidit’simpracticable.这个主意好是好，但恐怕行不通。2022/11/2475rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition在汉语口语中，有时需要重复动词（或形容词、名词）以表达让步或75英汉语类似的重复Iampersuadedthatneitherdeath,norlife,norangels,norprincipalities,northingspresent,northingstocome,norpowers,norheight,nordepth,noranyothercreatureshallbeabletoseparateusfromtheloveofGod.我相信：死亡也好，生命也好，天使也好，君主也好，现在的东西也好，未来的东西也好，权力也好，高度也好，深度也好，任何其他生物也好，统统不能使我们脱离上帝的爱。2022/11/2476rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition英汉语类似的重复2022/11/2233rhetorical76ProverbsarethepopularsayingthatbrightensomuchLatinAmericantalk,theboiled-downwisdomthatyouareasapttohearfromprofessorsasfrompeasants,frombeggarsasfromelegantes.Briefandcolorful,theymoreoftenthannotcarryasting.谚语是使拉丁美洲人民言谈生动活泼的流行俗语，是洗练睿智的语言。大学教授说，田野农夫也说，市井乞丐说，名媛闺秀也说。谚语简洁明快，丰富多彩，往往带刺。2022/11/2477rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetitionProverbsarethepopularsayin77Itwasthebestoftimes,i