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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东建筑大学考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题
Fearanditscompanionpainaretwoofthemostusefulthingsthatmenandanimalspossess,iftheyareproperlyused.Iffiredidnothurtwhenitburnt,childrenwouldplayituntiltheirhandswereburntaway.Similarly,ifpainexistedbutfeardidnot,achildwouldburnitselfagainandagain,becausefearwouldnotwarnittokeepawayfromthefirethathadburntitbefore.Areallyfearlesssoldier—andsomedoexist一isnotagoodsoldierbecauseheissoonkilled;andadeadsoldierisofnousetohisarmy.Fearandpainarethereforetwoguardswithoutwhichmenandanimalsmightsoondieout.
Inourfirstsentencewesuggestedthatfearoughttobeproperlyused.If,forexample,younevergooutofyourhousebecauseofthedangerofbeingknockeddownandkilledinthestreetbyacar,youarelettingfearruleyoutoomuch.Eveninyourhouseyouarenotabsolutelysafe;anairplanemaycrashonyourhouse,orantsmayeatawaysomeofthebeamsinyourroofsothatthelatterfallsonyou,oryoumaygetcancer!
Theimportantthingisnottoletfearruleyou,butinsteadtousefearasyourservantandguide.Fearwillwarnyouofdangers;thenyouhavetodecidewhatactiontotake.Inmanycases,youcantakequickandsuccessfulactionstoavoidthedanger.Forexample,youseeacarcomingstraighttowardsyou;fearwarnsyou,youjumpoutoftheway,andalliswell.
Insomecases,however,youdecidethatthereisnothingthatyoucandotoavoidthedanger.Forexample,youcannotpreventanairplanecrashingontoyourhouse.Inthiscase,fearhasgivenyouitswarning;youhaveexamineditanddecidedonyourcourseofaction,sofearofthisparticulardangerisnolongerofanyusetoyou,andyouhavetotrytoovercomeit.
1.Childrenwouldplaywithfireuntiltheirhandswereburntawayif().
2.Areallyfearlesssoldier().
3.Fearshouldbeusedproperlybecause().
4.Peoplesometimessucceedintimelyavoidingdangerbecause().
5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisimpliedbutnotstated?
问题1选项
A.theyweregivennowarningbeforehand
B.theyhadneverburntthemselves
C.theyhadnosenseofpain
D.theywerefearfulofthefire
问题2选项
A.isoflittleusetothearmy
B.iswithoutequal
C.isnothingbutadeadsoldier
D.easilygetskilledinabattle
问题3选项
A.anairplanemaycrashonyourhouse
B.youmaygetcancer
C.fearcanbeusedasaservantandguide
D.menarenowlettingfearrulethemtoomuch
问题4选项
A.theyhavegainedexperience
B.theyjumpoutofthewayintime
C.theyarecalminfaceofdanger
D.theyarewarnedofthedangerandcantakequickaction
问题5选项
A.Fearisalwayssomethinghelpful.
B.Toomuchfearisharmful.
C.Fearoughttobeusedasaservantandguide.
D.Fearissomethingunprofitable
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:D
第3题:C
第4题:D
第5题:B
【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第二句“Iffiredidnothurtwhenitburnt,childrenwouldplayituntiltheirhandswereburntaway.”如果火在燃烧时没有伤到孩子,他们就会一直玩到火烧到自己的手为止。选项B符合原文。
2.细节推断题。根据关键词“fearlesssoldier”定位到第一段第四句“Areallyfearlesssoldier—andsomedoexist一isnotagoodsoldierbecauseheissoonkilled;”一个无畏的士兵不是一个好士兵,因为他很快就会被杀。选项D符合原文。
3.细节事实题。根据第三段第一句“Theimportantthingisnottoletfearruleyou,butinsteadtousefearasyourservantandguide.”重要的是不要让恐惧支配你,而是要把恐惧当作你的仆人和向导。选项C符合原文。
4.细节推断题。根据题第三段的二三句“Fearwillwarnyouofdangers;thenyouhavetodecidewhatactiontotake.Inmanycases,youcantakequickandsuccessfulactionstoavoidthedanger.”恐惧会警告你有危险;然后你必须决定采取什么行动。在大多数情况下,你可以采取快速和成功的行动来避免危险。选项D符合原文。
5.推断题。选项A中always表述错误;选项C是原文已经阐明的观点;选项D不符合原文。只有选项B正确且符合原文。
2.单选题
Acrosstheboard,Americancollegesanduniversitiesarenotdoingaverygoodjobofpreparingtheirstudentsfortheworkplaceortheirpost-graduationlives.Thiswasmadeclearbytheworkoftwosociologists,RichardArumandJosipaRoksa.In2011,theyreleasedalandmarkstudytitled“AcademicallyAdrift,”whichdocumentedthelackofintellectualgrowthexperiencedbymanypeopleenrolledincollege.Inparticular,ArumandRoksafound,collegestudentswerenotdevelopingthecriticalthinking,analyticreasoningandotherhigher-levelskillsthatarenecessarytothriveintoday’sknowledge-basedeconomyandtoleadournationinatimeofcomplexchallengesanddynamicchange.
ArumandRoksaplacedtheblameforstudents’lackoflearningonawatered-downcollegecurriculumandloweredundergraduateworkstandards.Althoughgoingtocollegeissupposedtobeafull-timejob,studentsspent,onaverage,only12to14hoursaweekstudyingandmanywereskatingthroughtheirsemesterswithoutdoingasignificantamountofreadingandwriting.Studentswhotakemorechallengingclassesandspendmoretimestudyingdolearnmore.Buttheprioritiesofmanyundergraduatesarewithextracurricularactivities,playingsports,andpartyingandsocializing.
LauraHamilton,theauthorofastudyonparentswhopayforcollege,willargueinaforthcomingbookthatcollegeadministrationsareoverlyconcernedwiththesocialandathleticactivitiesoftheirstudents.InPayingfortheParty,Hamiltondescribeswhatshecallsthe“partypathway,”whicheasesmanystudentsthroughcollege,helpedalongbyvariousclubsthatsendstudentsintothepartysceneandahostofeasiermajors.Bysanctioningthiswatered-downversionofcollege,universitiesare“cateringtothesocialandeducationalneedsofwealthystudentsattheexpenseofothers”whowon’tenjoythefinancialbackingorsocialconnectionsofricherstudentsoncetheygraduate.
Thesestudentsneedtobuildskillsandknowledgeduringcollegeiftheyaretousetheirdegreesasastepping-stonetomiddle-classmobility.Butmoreprivilegedstudentsmustnotwastethisopportunityeither.Asrecentgraduatescantestify,thejobmarketisn’tkindtocandidateswhocan’tdemonstrategenuinecompetence,alongwithawell-cultivatedwillingnesstoworkhard.NoristheglobaleconomyforgivingofanAmericanworkforcewithincreasinglyweakliteracy,mathandscienceabilities.Collegegraduateswillstillfarbetterthanthosewithonlyahighschooleducation,ofcourse.Butauniversitydegreeunaccompaniedbyagaininknowledgeorskillsisanemptyachievementindeed.Forstudentswhohavebeencoastingthroughcollege,andforAmericanuniversitiesthathavebeendemandinglesswork,offeringmoreattractionsandcharginghighertuition,thepartymaysoonbeover.
11.WhatisArumandRoksa’sfindingabouthighereducationinAmerica?
12.Whatisresponsibleforthestudents’lackofhigher-levelskills?
13.WhatdoesLauraHamiltonsayaboutcollegeadministrations?
14.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthesociallyandfinanciallyprivilegedstudents?
15.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestinthelastparagraph?
问题1选项
A.Itaimsatstimulatingtheintellectualcuriosityofcollegestudents.
B.Itfailstopreparestudentstofacethechallengesofmoderntimes.
C.Ithasexperienceddramaticchangesinrecentyears.
D.Ithastriedhardtosatisfystudents’variousneeds.
问题2选项
A.Thedilutedcollegecurriculum.
B.Theboringclassroomactivities.
C.Theabsenceofrigorousdiscipline.
D.Theoutdatededucationalapproach.
问题3选项
A.Theyfailtogiveadequatehelptotheneedystudents.
B.Theytendtooffertoomanylesschallengingcourses.
C.Theyseemtobeoutoftouchwithsociety.
D.Theyprioritizenon-academicactivities.
问题4选项
A.Theytendtohaveasenseofsuperiorityovertheirpeers.
B.Theycanaffordtochooseeasiermajorsinordertoenjoythemselves.
C.Theyspendalotoftimebuildingstrongconnectionswithbusinesses.
D.Theycanclimbthesocialladderevenwithoutadegree.
问题5选项
A.Americanhighereducationhaslostitsglobalcompetitiveness.
B.PeopleshouldnotexpecttoomuchfromAmericanhighereducation.
C.ThecurrentsituationinAmericanhighereducationmaynotlastlong.
D.Itwilltakealongtimetochangethecurrenttrendinhighereducation.
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:A
第3题:D
第4题:B
第5题:C
【解析】11.事实细节题。第一步,精准定位,定位到文章第一段倒数一二句In2011theyreleasedalandmarkstudytitled“AcademicallyAdrift,”whichdocumentedthelackofintellectualgrowthexperiencedbymanypeopleenrolledincollege.Inparticular,ArumandRoksafound,collegestudentswerenotdevelopingthecriticalthinking,analyticreasoningandotherhigher-levelskillsthatarenecessarytothriveintoday’sknowledge-basedeconomyandtoleadournationinatimeofcomplexchallengesanddynamicchange.“2011年,他们发布了一项具有里程碑意义的研究,题为《学术上的漂泊》,记录了许多上大学的人缺乏智力增长的经历。特别是,阿鲁姆和洛克萨发现,大学生没有培养出批判性思维、分析推理和其他更高层次的技能,而这些技能是在当今以知识为基础的经济中茁壮成长、在一个充满复杂挑战和动态变化的时代领导我们国家所必需的”,由此可知答案选B选项“它没能让学生做好面对现代挑战的准备”。
A选项“它旨在激发大学生的求知欲”,见正确选项解析,这里属于反向干扰;
C选项“近年来,它经历了巨大的变化”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有;
D选项“学校努力满足学生的各种需求”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有。
12.事实细节题。第一步,精准定位,定位到文章第二段第一句话ArumandRoksaplacedtheblameforstudents’lackoflearningonawatered-downcollegecurriculumandloweredundergraduateworkstandards“阿鲁姆和洛克萨将学生学习不足归咎于大学课程的淡化和本科学业标准的降低”,由此可知答案选A选项“掺水的大学课程”。
B选项“枯燥的课堂活动”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有;
C选项“缺乏严格的纪律”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有;
D选项“过时的教育方法”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有。
13.事实细节题,第一步,精准定位,定位到第三段第一句话LauraHamilton,theauthorofastudyonparentswhopayforcollege,willargueinaforthcomingbookthatcollegeadministrationsareoverlyconcernedwiththesocialandathleticactivitiesoftheirstudents“劳拉•汉密尔顿是一项关于支付大学学费的家长的研究的作者,她将在即将出版的一本书中指出,大学管理部门过于关注学生的社交和体育活动”,由此可知答案选D“他们优先考虑非学术活动”。
A选项“他们没有给贫困学生足够的帮助”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有;
B选项“他们往往提供太多缺乏挑战性的课程”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有;
C选项“他们似乎与社会脱节了”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有。
14.事实细节题。第一步,精准定位,定位到第三段最后一句话Bysanctioningthiswatered-downversionofcollege,universitiesare“cateringtothesocialandeducationalneedsofwealthystudentsattheexpenseofothers”whowon’tenjoythefinancialbackingorsocialconnectionsofricherstudentsoncetheygraduate“通过批准这种弱化版的大学,大学是在“以牺牲其他人的利益来满足富裕学生的社会和教育需求”,而这些人一旦毕业,就无法享受富裕学生的经济支持或社会关系”,从这里可知答案选B选项“为了享受生活,他们可以选择更容易的专业”。
A选项“他们往往比同龄人有一种优越感”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有;
C选项“他们花大量时间与企业建立牢固的联系”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有;
D选项“即使没有学位,他们也能爬上社会的阶梯”,定位到第三段第五句Collegegraduateswillstillfarbetterthanthosewithonlyahighschooleducation,ofcourse“当然,大学毕业生仍然比那些只有高中学历的人要好得多”,从这里可知D选项错误。
15.推理判断题。第一步,寻找句内线索,定位到最后一段最后一句话Forstudentswhohavebeencoastingthroughcollege,andforAmericanuniversitiesthathavebeendemandinglesswork,offeringmoreattractionsandcharginghighertuition,thepartymaysoonbeover“对于那些在大学里过得很轻松的学生,以及对工作要求更少、提供更多吸引力、收取更高学费的美国大学来说,这场派对可能很快就要结束了”,从文章的关键词maysoonbeover可以看出,作者认为美国大学这种状态很快会消失,由此可以推断C选项“美国高等教育的现状可能不会持续太久”正确。
A选项“美国高等教育已经失去了其全球竞争力”,文章虽然在批判美国现在的教育制度但是没有提到美国的高等教育失去竞争力了,这里属于无中生有;
B选项“人们不应该对美国的高等教育期望过高”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有;
D选项“要改变目前高等教育的趋势需要很长时间”,见正确选项解析,这里属于反向干扰。
3.单选题
Cancerhasalwaysbeenwithus,butnotalwaysinthesameway.Itscareandmanagementhavedifferedovertime,ofcourse,butso,too,haveitsidentity,visibility,andmeanings.Pickupthethreadofhistoryatitsmostdistantendandyouhavecancerthecrab—sonamedeitherbecauseoftheramifyingvenousprocessesspreadingoutfromatumororbecauseitspainislikethepinchofacrab’sclaw.Premodemcancerisalump,aswellingthatsometimesbreaksthroughtheskininulcerationsproducingfoul-smellingdischarges.TheancientEgyptiansknewaboutmanytumorsthathadabadoutcome,andtheGreeksmadeadistinctionbetweenbenigntumors(oncos)andmalignantones(carcinos).InthesecondcenturyA.D.,Galenreckonedthatthecausewassystemic,anexcessofmelancholyorblackbile,oneofthebody’sfour“humors”broughtonbybaddietandenvironmentalcircumstances.Ancientmedicalpractitionerssometimescuttumorsout,buttheprognosiswasknowntobegrim.Describingtumorsofthebreast,anEgyptianpapyrusfromabout1600B.C.concluded:“Thereisnotreatment.’’
Theexperienceofcancerhasalwaysbeenterrible,but,untilmodemtimes,itsmarkontheculturehasbeenlight.Inthepast,fearcoagulatedaroundotherwaysofdying:infectiousandepidemicdiseases(plague,smallpox,cholera,typhus,typhoidfever);“apoplexies”(whatwenowcallstrokesandheartattacks);and,mostnotablyinthenineteenthcentury,“consumption”(tuberculosis).Theagonizingmannerofcancerdeathwasdreaded,butthatfearwasnotcentrallysituatedinthepublicmind—asitnowis.ThisisonereasonthatthemedicalhistorianRoyPorterwrotethatcanceris“themodemdiseaseparexcellence,”andthatMukherjeecallsit“thequintessentialproductofmodernity.”
Atonetime,itwasthoughtthatcancerwasa“diseaseofcivilization”belongingtomuchthesamecausaldomainas“neurasthenia”anddiabetes,theformeranervousweaknessbelievedtobebroughtaboutbythestressofmodemlifeandthelatteraconditionproducedbybaddietandindolence.Intheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,somephysiciansattributedcancer—notablyofthebreastandtheovaries—topsychologicalandbehavioralcauses.WilliamBuchan’swildlypopulareighteenth-centurytext“DomesticMedicine”judgedthatcancersmightbecausedby“excessivefear,grief,religiousmelancholy”.Inthenineteenthcentury,referencewasrepeatedlymadetoa“cancerpersonality”,andinsomeversions,specificallytosexualrepression.AsSusanSontagobserved,cancerwasconsideredshameful,nottobementioned,evenobscene.AmongtheRomanticsandtheVictorians,sufferinganddyingfromtuberculosismightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement;cancerdeathwasnothingofthesort.“Itseemsunimaginable,”Sontagwrote,“toaestheticize”cancer.
1.Accordingtothepassage,theancientEgyptians().
2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthecancersofthepastisbestsupportedbythepassage?
3.Whichofthefollowingisthereasonforcancertobecalled“themoderndisease”?
4.“Neurasthenia”anddiabetesarementionedbecause()
5.Assuggestedbythepassage,withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?
问题1选项
A.calledcancerthecrab
B.wereabletodistinguishbenigntumorsandmalignantones
C.foundoutthecauseofcancer
D.knewaboutalotofmalignanttumors
问题2选项
A.Ancientpeopledidnotlivelongenoughtobecomepronetocancer.
B.Inthepast,peopledidnotfearcancer.
C.Cancerdeathmightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement.
D.Somephysiciansbelievedthatone’sownbehavioralmodecouldleadtocancer.
问题3选项
A.Modemcancercareisveryeffective.
B.Thereisalotmorecancernow.
C.Peopleunderstandcancerinradicallynewwaysnow.
D.Thereisasharpincreaseinmortalityinmodemcancerworld.
问题4选项
A.theyareasfatalascancer
B.theywereconsideredtobe“diseaseofcivilization”
C.peopledreadthemverymuch
D.theyarebroughtbythehighpressureofmodernlife
问题5选项
A.Thecareandmanagementofcancerhavedevelopedovertime.
B.Theculturalsignificanceofcancershiftsindifferenttimes.
C.Cancer’sidentityhasneverchanged.
D.Canceristhepricepaidformodemlife.
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:D
第3题:C
第4题:D
第5题:A
【解析】1.细节题。题干:根据这篇文章,古埃及人_______。由关键词定位到文章第一段第五句“TheancientEgyptiansknewaboutmanytumorsthathadabadoutcome”,可知古埃及人已经知道很多有不好的结果的肿瘤,对应第四个选项,malignanttumors是指恶性肿瘤。因此D选项符合题意。
2.细节推理题。题干:关于过去的癌症,下列哪一项陈述最能得到文章的支持?文章并没提到古人是否活到容易患癌症的年龄,排除A选项;第二段中提到“Theagonizingmannerofcancerdeathwasdreaded,butthatfearwasnotcentrallysituatedinthepublicmind”,说明过去人们不是不恐惧癌症,而是这种恐惧并没称为焦点,排除B选项;最后一段中提到“…sufferinganddyingfromtuberculosismightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement”被认为优雅的是死于肺结核,排除C选项;最后一段中“somephysiciansattributedcancer…topsychologicalandbehavioralcauses”说明他们将癌症归因于心理和行为原因,因此D选项符合题意。
3.细节推理题。题干:下面哪个选项是被称为“现代病”的癌症的原因?根据题干关键词“themoderndisease”定位到第二段最后一句,上一句提到癌症死亡令人恐惧,下一句就说RoyPorter将其说成是“最卓越的现代病,Mukherjee称之为“现代最典型的产物”,说明人们对癌症的理解改变了。因此C选项符合题意。
4.细节推理题。题干:提到“神经衰弱”和糖尿病是因为_____。文中最后一句提到了关键词“Neurasthenia”和“diabetes”,文中提到“itwasthoughtthatcancerwasa“diseaseofcivilization”belongingtomuchthesamecausaldomainas“neurasthenia”anddiabetes,theformeranervousweaknessbelievedtobebroughtaboutbythestressofmodemlifeandthelatteraconditionproducedbybaddietandindolence”,在此提到癌症和神经衰弱以及糖尿病的病因相似,因此也就是在说神经衰弱和糖尿病都与心理压力有关。因此D选项符合题意。
5.判断推理题。题干:如文章所述,作者最可能同意下列哪一种说法?由第一段第二句中“Itscareandmanagementhavedifferedovertime”与全文,可知对于癌症的护理管理是一直发展的,因此A选项符合题意。B和D选项是作者饮用的他人观点,不不能代表作者自身。癌症由之前的不是焦点到现在人人恐惧,身份自然有改变,C选项由此可排除。
4.单选题
(
)muchhasbeenknownaboutmammarycancer,theprecisewaytocureofitstillremainslargelyintherealmoftesting.
问题1选项
A.While
B.Since
C.Because
D.When
【答案】A
【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。while在这里的意思为“尽管”;since“因为;由于,既然”,because“因为”;when“当……”。根据句子意思推断选项A最符合题意。句意为:尽管我们对于乳腺癌了解很多,但是关于治疗的最精准的方法仍处于测试阶段。
5.单选题
Thereare,asyet,novegetationtypesorecosystemswhosestudyhasbeen(
)totheextentthattheynolonger(
)ecologists.
问题1选项
A.perfected...hinder
B.erest
C.prolonged...necessitate
D.vetoed...challenge
【答案】A
【解析】动词辨析。A选项perfect“使完美”;hinder“隐藏,藏起来”;B选项exhaust“排出,耗尽”;interest“引起的兴趣”;C选项prolong“延长,拖延”;necessitate“使成为必需”;D选项vote“投票”;challenge“挑战”。根据句意‘然而由于一些植被类型或者生态系统的研究已经很完善了,它们不再需要专家。’A选项正确。
6.不定项选择题
ThisdictionaryisforpeoplewhowanttousemodernEnglish.ItoffersaccurateanddetailedinformationonthewaymodernEnglishisusedinallkindsofcommunication.ItisausefulguidetowritingandspeakingEnglishaswellasanaidtoreadingandunderstanding.
Thisdictionarylooksratherlikemostothersifyoudon’tlooktooclosely.Actuallyitisquitenewanddifferent.Thetechniquesusedtocompileitarenewandadvancedcomputertechnology.Fortheuser,thekindofinformationisdifferent,thequalityofinformationisdifferent,andthepresentationoftheinformationisdifferent.
Forthefirsttime,adictionaryhasbeencompiledbythethoroughexaminationofarepresentativegroupofEnglishtexts,spokenandwritten,runningtomanymillionsofwords.Thismeansthatinadditiontoallthetoolsoftheconventionaldictionarymakers—widereadingandexperienceofEnglish,otherdictionariesandofcourseeyesandears—thisdictionaryisbasedonhard,measurableevidence.Nomajorusesaremissed,andthenumberoftimesauseoccurshasastronginfluenceonthewaytheentriesareorganized.Equally,thelargegroupoftexts,calledthecorpus,givesusreasonablegroundsforomittingmanyusesandword-formsthatdonotoccurinit.Itisdifficultforaconventionaldictionary,intheabsenceofevidence,todecidewhattoleaveout,andalotofquitemisleadinginformationisthuspreservedinthetraditionoflexicography.
Thisdictionarymakesabreakwithsuchtraditions.Wehavegonebacktobasicsandcollectedmanymillionsofwords,andputthemintoaverylargecomputer,thedictionaryteamhashaddailyaccesstoabout20millionwords,withmanymoreinspecializedstores.Thewordscamefrombooks,magazines,newspapers,pamphlets,leaflets,conversation,radioandtelevisionbroadcasts.Thesourcesaregratefullyacknowledgedonpagexxii.TheaimwastoprovideafairrepresentationofcontemporaryEnglish.
Nosetoftexts,howeverlarge,canbefullyreliedon;allthetimetheinformationfromthetextshasbeenanalyzedandappraisedbyateamoflexicographers,whoseprofessionalknowledgehasalsobeenusedwhereverthereisonlyasmallamountofevidenceoftheusageofawordorphrase.
Thequalityofinformationinthisdictionaryisdifferentfromothers.Withourtextualevidenceitispossibletobepreciseabouttheshapeofphrasesandtheextentoftheirvariation;therelativeimportanceofdifferentsensesofaword;andthetypicalenvironmentinwhichawordorphraseisused.Evenwhenstatementslikethisarealreadyfamiliar,theyaremadewithadifferentkindofauthorityinthisbook.
1.Accordingtothepassage,thisdictionarydiffersfrommostothers,exceptin______.
2.Thisdictionarydiffersfromatraditionaloneinthatthecompilers______.
3.ThisdictionarydoesNOTclaimtoinclude______.
4.Inthepassage,theauthormainlyemphasizesthedifferenceindata______.
5.Thewholepassageis______thedictionary.
问题1选项
A.theuseofadvancedtechnology
B.thequalityofinformation
C.thequalityofprinting
D.theuseofmeasurableevidence
问题2选项
A.collectrelevantdata
B.countwordfrequencies
C.readaswidelyaspossible
D.refertoexistingdictionaries
问题3选项
A.alltheexistingwords
B.frequentlyusedwords
C.modernusageofwords
D.awidecoverageofwords
问题4选项
A.collecting
B.presenting
C.preserving
D.processing
问题5选项
A.auser’sguideto
B.anintroductionto
C.aresearchessayon
D.anadvertisementfor
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:B
第3题:A
第4题:D
第5题:B
【解析】1.【选项释义】
1.Accordingtothepassage,thisdictionarydiffersfrommostothers,exceptin______.1.根据这篇文章,除了在______之外,这本词典不同于其他大多数词典。
A.theuseofadvancedtechnologyA.在使用先进技术方面
B.thequalityofinformationB.信息的质量
C.thequalityofprintingC.印刷质量
D.theuseofmeasurableevidenceD.使用可衡量的证据
【考查点】细节事实题。
【解题思路】根据第二段最后两句“编写这本词典所使用的是新的和先进的计算机技术。对于使用者来说,信息的种类不同,信息的质量不同,信息的呈现方式也不同。”可知,这本词典在信息种类、质量、呈现方式以及编纂时使用的先进技术方面与其他词典不同;然后根据第三段第二句“这意味着,除了传统词典编纂者使用的所有工具外(包括广泛的英语阅读和经验,其他词典,当然还有眼睛和耳朵),这本词典还基于确凿的、可衡量的证据”可知,这本词典不同于其他大多数词典还在于其确凿的、可衡量的证据,只有C项“印刷质量”在文章中是没有提到的,所以该题选择C项。
【干扰项排除】A项“在使用先进技术方面”、B项“信息的质量”和D项“使用可衡量的证据”根据解题思路可知,这三项都是这本词典不同于其他大多数词典的地方,属于反向干扰。
2.【选项释义】
2.Thisdictionarydiffersfromatraditionaloneinthatthecompilers______.2.这本词典与传统词典的不同之处在于它的编纂者______。
A.collectrelevantdataA.收集相关数据
B.countwordfrequenciesB.计算词频
C.readaswidelyaspossibleC.尽可能广泛地阅读
D.refertoexistingdictionariesD.参考的是现有的词典
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据第三段二三句“这意味着,除了传统词典编纂者使用的所有工具外(包括广泛的英语阅读和经验,其他词典,当然还有眼睛和耳朵),这本词典还基于确凿的、可衡量的证据。没有遗漏任何主要的用法,并且一种用法出现的次数(thenumberoftimes)对词目的组织方式有很大的影响。”可知,与传统词典不同,这本词典除了使用传统词典编纂者使用的所有工具外,还基于大量确凿的证据,并且没有遗漏词汇的任何主要用法,而且其用法频率对编辑词目的结构有影响,也就是说这本词典计算了词汇的用法频率,但传统词典编纂者没有这样计算,故B项“计算词频”符合题意。
【干扰项排除】
A项“收集相关数据”和C项“尽可能广泛地阅读”根据解题思路可知,这两项都是这本词典与传统词典编纂者使用到的方法,属于反向干扰;
D项“参考的是现有的词典”在原文没有提到,属于无中生有。
3.【选项释义】
3.ThisdictionarydoesNOTclaimtoinclude______.3.这本词典并没有声称包括______。
A.alltheexistingwordsA.所有现存的单词
B.frequentlyusedwordsB.常用词汇
C.modernusageofwordsC.词汇的现代用法
D.awidecoverageofwordsD.广泛的词汇
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】定位至第四段的内容,根据第二三句“我们回到了基础,收集了数百万个单词,并把它们放进一个非常大容量的电脑里,词典编撰团队每天可以接触到大约2000万个单词,还有更多的单词在专门的储存库里。这些词汇来自书籍、杂志、报纸、小册子、传单、对话、广播和电视广播。”可知,这本词典收集了数百万个单词,这些词汇都是平常人们能够接触到、听到或用到的,包括书籍、杂志、报纸、电视广播等,也就是说这本词典包括了广泛的词汇,且词汇来自于人们日常中所接触到的事物中,综合理解推断这本词典包括广泛的常用词汇即它的现代用法,只有A项“所有现存的单词”在文中并没有提到,且该项表述太绝对,但符合题干。所以该题选择A项。
【干扰项排除】B项“常用词汇”、C项“词汇的现代用法”和D项“广泛的词汇”根据解题思路可知,这三项是这本词典声称包括的内容,属于反向干扰。
4.【选项释义】
4.Inthepassage,theauthormainlyemphasizesthedifferenceindata______.4.在文章中,作者主要强调了数据______的差异。
A.collectingA.收集
B.presentingB.呈现
C.preservingC.保存
D.processingD.处理
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】第二段第三句指出“编写这本词典所使用的是新的和先进的计算机技术”可知,这本词典与传统词典不同的地方在于使用的是先进的计算机技术;接着第三段三四五句提到“没有遗漏任何主要的用法,并且一种用法出现的次数对词目的组织方式有很大的影响。同样,被称为语料库的大量文本给我们提供了合理的理由,可以省略许多不在其中出现的用法和词形。在缺乏证据的情况下,传统词典很难决定删去哪些信息,因此许多极具误导性的信息在词典编纂的传统中被保留了下来。”可知,这本词典使用的计算机技术能够计算词频,且省略了许多没有出现过的用法和词性,但传统词典却做不到这样;综合理解我们可以推断,作者在这里主要强调了这本词典与传统词典之间数据处理的差异,所以D项“处理”符合题意。
【干扰项排除】
A项“收集”,文中没有对比这本词典和传统词典收集数据的不同,该项曲解原文;
B项“呈现”和C项“保存”在文中没有具体依据,属于无中生有。
5.【选项释义】
5.Thewholepassageis______thedictionary.5.整篇文章都是词典的______。
A.auser’sguidetoA.使用者指南
B.anintroductiontoB.介绍
C.aresearchessayonC.研究论文
D.anadvertisementforD.广告
【考查点】主旨大意题。
【解题思路】通读全文可知,前两段先介绍这本词典与其他词典的不同之处,后面四段主要讲述这本词典是如何使用可靠和确凿的文本证据,文章最后一句指出“即使像这样的陈述已经很熟悉了,但在这本书中,它们被赋予了不同的权威”;综合理解可知,整篇文章主要内容是介绍这本词典不同于其他传统词典之处,所以B项“介绍”符合题意。
【干扰项排除】
A项“使用者指南”,原文没有提到教我们如何使用这本词典,该项无中生有;
C项“研究论文”,原文没有表达任何研究成果,通篇都是介绍这本词典的特别之处,该项无中生有;
D项“广告”,原文并没有表达让读者购买这本词典的依据,该项无中生有。
7.单选题
Thewealthofacountryshouldbemeasured(
)thehealthandhappinessofitspeopleaswellasthematerialgoodsitcanprovide.
问题1选项
A.inlinewith
B.intermsof
C.inregardto
D.bymeansof
【答案】B
【解析】考查词组辨析。inlinewith“与…一致”;intermsof“根据,按照”;inregardto“关于,对于”;bymeansof“凭借”。句意:一个国家的富有程度,应根据国家能提供的商品以及国民的健康和幸福来衡量。由bemeasured可知B项符合句意。答案B
8.单选题
Intheletter,myfriendsaidthathewouldlovetohavemeasaguestinhis()home.
问题1选项
A.humble
B.obscure
C.inferior
D.lower
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项humble“谦逊的,简陋的”,B项obscure“昏暗的,晦涩的”,C项inferior“自卑的,下等的”,D项lower“下方的,下级的”。根据关键词home(家,住宅)可知,空格处填入“简陋的”最合适。句意:在信中,我的朋友说他很愿意我在他简陋的家里做客。因此,该题A项正确。
9.单选题
Itcanbearguedthatmuchconsumerdissatisfactionwithmarketingstrategiesarisesfromaninabilitytoaimadvertisingatonlythelikelybuyersofagivenproduct.Therearethreegroupsofconsumerswhoareaffectedbythemarketingprocess.First,thereisthemarketsegment—peoplewhoneedthecommodityinquestion.Second,thereistheprogramtarget—peopleinthemarketsegmentwiththe“bestfit”characteristicsforaspecificproduct.Lotsofpeoplemayneedtrousers,butonlyafewqualifyaslikelybuyersofveryexpensivedesignertrousers.Finallythereistheprogramaudience—allpeoplewhoareactuallyexposedtothemarketingprogramwithoutregardtowhethertheyneedorwanttheproduct.
Thesethreegroupsarerarelyidentical.Anexceptionoccursoccasionallyincaseswherecustomersforaparticularindustrialproductmaybefewandeasilyidentifiable.Suchcustomers,allsharingaparticularneed,arelikelytoformameaningfultarget,forexample,allcompanieswithaparticularapplicationoftheproductinquestion,suchashigh-speedfillersofbottlesatbreweries.Insuchcircumstances,directselling(marketingthatreachesonlytheprogramtarget)islikelytobeeconomicallyjustified,andhighlyspecializedtrademediaexisttoexposemembersoftheprogramtargetandonlymembersoftheprogramtarget—tothemarketingprogram.
Mostconsumer-goodsmarketsaresignificantlydifferent.Typically,therearemanyratherthanfewpotentialcustomers.Eachrepresentsarelativelysmallpercentageofpotentialsales.Rarelydomembersofaparticularmarketsegmentgroupthemselvesneatlyintoameaningfulprogramtarget.Therearesubstantialdifferencesamongconsumerswithsimilardemographiccharacteristics.Evenwithallthepastdecade’sadvancesininformationtechnology,directsellingofconsumergoodsisrare,andmassmarketing—amarketingapproachthataimsatawideaudience—remainstheonlyeconomicallyfeasiblemode.Unfortunately,therearefewmediathatallowthemarketertodirectamarketingprogramexclusivelytotheprogramtarget.Inevitablypeoplegetexposedtoagreatdealofmarketingforproductsinwhichtheyhaveno
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