考研考博-英语-山东农业工程学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东农业工程学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Johnsaysthathispresentjobdoesnotprovidehimwithenough（）forhisorganizingability.

问题1选项

A.scope

B.space

C.capacity

D.range

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项scope“范围；余地；视野”；B选项space“空间；太空”；C选项capacity“能力；容量；资格”；D选项range“范围；幅度；山脉”。句意：约翰称他现在的工作没有为自己的组织能力提供足够的发展空间。根据句中“organizingability组织能力”可知“空间”符合语境，因此B选项正确。

2.单选题

Thepeoplestood___atthebeautifulpicture.

问题1选项

A.glaring

B.gazing

C.peeping

D.gasping

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项glaring“怒目而视，瞪眼看；发出刺眼的光”；B选项gazing“凝望，凝视”；C选项peeping“唧唧叫；窥探”；D选项gasping“喘气；渴望”。句意：人们站在那里，___这幅美丽的画。本句表达“凝视美丽的画”。因此B选项正确。

3.单选题

Thecarenginemay（）aswegoupthehill.

问题1选项

A.extinguish

B.stall

C.cease

D.start

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。extinguish“熄灭，压制，消灭”；stall“熄火，拖延”；cease“停止，结束”；start“开始”。句意：当我们上山时，汽车发动机可能会熄火。B项符合题意。

4.单选题

InhistypicallyAmericanopenstyleofcommunication,Mr.HayesconfrontedIsabetaaboutnotlookingathim.Reluctantly,sheexplainedwhy.AsanewcomerfromMexico,shehadbeentaughttoavoideyecontactasamarkofrespecttoauthorityfigures,teachers,employers,parents.Mr.Hayesdidnotknowthis.HetheninformedherthatmostAmericansinterpretlackofeyecontactasdisrespectanddeviousness.Ultimately,heconvincedIsabelatotryandchangeherhabit,whichsheslowlydid.

PeoplefrommanyAsian,LatinAmerican,andCaribbeanculturesalsoavoideyecontactasasignofrespect.ManyAfricanAmericans,especiallyfromtheSouth,observethiscustom,too.Amaster’sthesisbySamuelAvoian,agraduatestudentatCentralMissouriStateUniversity,tellshowmisinterpretingeye-contactcustomscanhaveanegativeimpactwhenwhitefootballcoachesrecruitAfricanAmericanplayersfortheteams.

Hereportsthat,whenspeaking,whitecommunicatorsusuallylookawayfromthelistener,onlyperiodicallyglancingatthem.Theydotheoppositewhenlistening.Theyareexpectedtolookatthespeakerallthetime.

ManyAfricanAmericanscommunicateinanoppositeway.Whenspeaking,theytendtoconstantlystareatthelistener;whenlistening,theymostlylookaway.Therefore,ifwhitesportsrecruitersarenotinformedaboutthesesignificantdifferences,theycanbemisledaboutinterestandattentivenesswheninterviewingprospectiveAfricanAmericanballplayers.

InmulticulturalAmerica,issuesofeyecontacthavebroughtaboutsocialconflictsoftwodifferentkindsinmanyurbancenters,non-KoreancustomersbecameangrywhenKoreanshopkeepersdidnotlookatthemdirectly.Thecustomerstranslatedthelackofeyecontactasasignofdisrespect,ahabitblamedforcontributingtotheopenconfrontationtakingplacebetweensomeAsiansandAfricanAmericansinNewYork,Texas,andCalifornia.ManyteacherstoohaveprovidedstoriesaboutclassroomconflictsbasedontheirmisunderstandingAsianandLatinAmericanchildrenlackofeyecontactasbeingdisrespectful.

Ontheotherhand,directeyecontacthasnowtakenonanewmeaningamongtheyoungergenerationandacrossethnicborders.Particularlyinurbancenters,whenoneteenagerlooksdirectlyatanother,thisisconsideredaprovocation,sometimescalledmad-dogging,andcanleadtophysicalconflict.

Mad-dogginghasbecomethesourceofmanycampusconflicts.Inonehighschool,itresultedinafightbetweenCambodiannewcomersandAfrican-Americanstudents.TheCambodianshadbeenstaringattheotherstudentsmerelytolearnhowAmericansbehave,yettheothersmisinterpretedtheCambodians’intentionsandthefightbegan.

Mad-doggingseemstobeconnectedwiththeavoidanceofeyecontactasasignofrespect.Thus,intheurbancontemporaryyouthscene,ifonelooksdirectlyatanother,thisdisrespects,or“disses,”thatperson.Muchlikethearchaicphrase“Idemandsatisfaction,”whichbecametheoverturetoaduel.Mad-doggingmaybecomeapreludetoaphysicalencounter.

AttheentrancestoUniversalStudio’s“CityWalk”attractioninLosAngeles,theyhavepostedCodeofConductsigns.Thesecondrulewarnsagainst“physicallyoverballythreateninganyperson,fighting,annoyingothersthroughnoisyorboisterousactivitiesorbyunnecessarystaring...”

1.ManyAfricanAmericansfromtheSouth（）.

2.Whenlisteningtotheothers,whitecommunicatorstendto（）.

3.ManycustomersinAmericancitiesareangrywithKoreanshopkeepersbecause（）.

4.Mad-doggingrefersto（）.

5.Thearchaicphrase,“Idemandsatisfaction”（）.

问题1选项

A.adoptatypicallyAmericanopenstyleofcommunication

B.oftenmisinterpretthemeaningofeyecontact

C.avoideyecontactasasignofrespect

D.aretaughttoavoideyecontactwhenevertellingtotheothers

问题2选项

A.lookatthespeakerallthetime

B.glanceatthespeakerperiodically

C.lookawayfromthespeaker

D.stareatthespeaker

问题3选项

A.Koreanshopkeepersdonotlookatthemdirectly

B.theyexpectamoreenthusiasticreflectionfromtheshopkeepers

C.therearesomesocialconflictsinmanyurbancenters

D.theyarenotinformedaboutdifferencebetweencultures

问题4选项

A.aprovocationfromoneteenagertoanotherofadifferentethnicbackground

B.physicalconflictamongtheyoungergenerationinurbancenters

C.alackofeyecontactasasignofrespect

D.thesourceofmanycampusconflictsacrossethnicbordersinurbancenters

问题5选项

A.wasconnectedwiththeavoidanceofeyecontact

B.oftenledtoafight

C.wasasignofdisrespect

D.oftenresultedinsomekindofmisinterpretation

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.根据关键词“AfricanAmericans,fromtheSouth”定位到第二段第二句“ManyAfricanAmericans,especiallyfromtheSouth,observethiscustom,too.”这里的“custom”即上一句提到的“avoideyecontactasasignofrespect.”选项C与原文描述一致。

2.根据第三段的内容可知，白人在说话时通常会把目光从听众身上移开，只是偶尔瞥一眼他们。他们在听的时候却恰恰相反，会一直看着说话者。所以选项A符合原文。

3.根据第五段的第一句“InmulticulturalAmerica...non-KoreancustomersbecameangrywhenKoreanshopkeepersdidnotlookatthemdirectly.”可知，在美国非韩裔的顾客对韩国店主感到很生气是因为店主没有直视他们，所以选项A正确。

4.这里是考查“mad-dogging”的定义。根据第六段的内容，在年轻一代和跨种族之间，直接的目光接触现在有了新的含义。当一个青少年直视另一个青少年时，这被认为是一种挑衅，有时也被称为“mad-dogging”。选项A符合原文。

5.根据原文“Muchlikethearchaicphrase'Idemandsatisfaction,'whichbecametheoverturetoaduel.”“Idemandsatisfaction,”成为决斗的序曲。也就是说，会导致争斗。选项B正确。

5.单选题

Therearemanywaystorecycleusedmaterials,forexample,___rubberfromoldtires.

问题1选项

A.detecting

B.declaring

C.reclaiming

D.requiring

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项detect“察觉；发现；探测”；B选项declare“宣布，声明；断言，宣称”；C选项reclaim“开拓；回收再利用；改造某人，使某人悔改；抗议，喊叫”；D选项require“需要；要求；命令”。句意：有很多方法回收使用过的材料，例如，从旧轮胎中回收橡胶。结合此处语境，C选项正确。

6.单选题

TheHouseisexpectedtopassapieceoflegislationThursdaythatseekstosignificantlyrebalancetheplayingfieldforunionsandemployersandcouldpossiblyreversedecadesofdecliningmembershipamongprivateindustries.

TheEmployeeFreeChoiceActwouldallowauniontoberecognizedaftercollectingamajorityofvotecards,insteadofwaitingfortheNationalLaborRelationsBoardtooverseeasecretballotelection,whichcanoccurmorethan50daysafterthecardvoteiscompleted.

RepresentativesofbusinessonCapitolHillopposethebill.TheNationalAssociationofManufacturers,TheNationalFederationofIndependentBusiness,theU.S.ChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsopposetheshiftawayfromsecretballotssayingthechangecouldthreatentheprivacyoftheworkers.“Thisisn’taboutpreventingincreasedunionizationit’saboutprotectingrights,’’saidtheNationalAssociationofManufacturer’sJasonStraczewski,ofhisorganization’soppositiontobill.Straczewskisayseliminatingthesecret-ballotstepwouldopenupemployeestocoercion（强迫，胁迫）fromunions.

SamueloftheAFL-CIOcontendstherealcoercioncomesfromemployers.“Workerstalkingtoworkersareequalswhilemanagerstalkingtoworkersaren’t,”Samuelsaid.Hecitesthe31,358casesofillegalemployerdiscriminationactedonbytheNationalLaborRelationsBoardin2005.

Samuelalsopointsoutthatcountertoclaimsfromthebusinesslobby,thesecretballotwouldnotbeeliminated.Thechangewouldonlytakethecontrolofthetimingoftheelectionoutofthehandsoftheemployers.“Ontheground,thedifferencebetweenhavingthislegislationandnotwouldbethedifferencebetweennightandday,”saidRichardShawoftheHarrisCountyCentralLaborCouncil,whosaysitwouldhaveatremendousimpactonthelocallevel.

Thebillhasotherprovisions（条款，规定）aswell.TheEmployeeFreeChoiceActwouldalsoimposebindingarbitration（仲裁）whenacompanyandanewlyformedunioncannotagreeonacontractafter3months.Anagreementworkedoutunderbindingcompulsoryarbitrationwouldbeineffectfor2years,afactthatStraczewskicalls,“borderlineunconstitutional.”“Idon’tseehowitwillbenefitemployeesifthey’relockedintoacontract,”saidStraczewski.

Thebill’sproponentspointtothetrendofrecognizedunionsunabletogetcontractsfromunwillingemployers.TheFederalMediationandConciliationService,theorganizationthatoverseesarbitration,reportedthatin2004,45percentofnewlyformedunionsweredeniedfirstcontractsbyemployers.Thebillwouldalsostrengthenthepenaltiesforcompaniesthatillegallycoerceorintimidateemployees.Asitstands,thelawonthebookshasn’tchangedsubstantiallysincetheNationalLaborRelationsActwasmadeintolawin1935.TheNLBRcanenforcenootherpenaltythanreinstatingwrongfullyfiredemployeesorrecoveringlostwages.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

2.Accordingtoitsopponents,thebill（）.

3.Theword"it"（Line5,Para.5）refersto（）.

4.PeoplesupportthebillbecauseofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT（）.

5.thebillwillstrengthenthepunishmentforcompanieswhichillegallycoerceorthreatenemployees

问题1选项

A.Housebillaimstospurlaboruniongrowth.

B.Housebillaimstocounterlaboruniongrowth.

C.EmployeeFreeChoiceActaimstospuremployment.

D.EmployeeFreeChoiceActaimstoraiseemployee’sincome.

问题2选项

A.willprotectemployees'rights

B.willbenefitworkersbybindingcontracts

C.willempowerunionstoomuch

D.makesitpossibleforemployeestoyieldtocoercionfromunions

问题3选项

A.thechange

B.thelegislation

C.theAFL-CIO

D.thedifference

问题4选项

A.thebillwillprobablyenableunionstohavefewermembersofprivateindustries

B.thebillwillallowauniontoberecognizedearlierandhaveagreateffectonthelocallevel

C.bindingarbitrationwillbeimposedtoprotectemployeesifacontractcan’tbeagreedonbetweenarecentlyestablishedunionandacompany

D.thebillwillstrengthenthepunishmentforcompanieswhichillegallycoerceorthreatenemployees

问题5选项

A.fewerprivateindustriesjoinedunionsinthepast

B.workers’coercionoftencomesfromunions

C.thebillwillbeawin-and-winoneforemployeesandemployers

D.punishmentauthorizedbythebillwillbelighter

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。原文首段表明众议院将出台新立法，seekstosignificantlyrebalancetheplayingfieldforunionsandemployers,是为了维护工会的权利，激发工会的发展。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词opponents定位到原文第三段第三句，opponents指的是JasonStraczewski。后面他说道would open up employees to coercion (强迫：胁迫）from unions,与选项D对应。

3.语义题。根据题干信息定位到原文第五段第五行，who指代的是前句中RichardShaw，it指代前句中的legislation。

4.细节判断题。题干说下列哪项不是人们支持该法案的原因，文章首段couldreverse decades of declining membership among private industries(立法有助于改善劳工与雇主之间的关系)。

5.细节推理题。最后一段提到in2004,45percentofnewlyformedunionsweredeniedfirstcontractsbyemployers(2004年，45%的新成立工会被雇主拒绝签订第一份合同)，因此答案为A。

7.单选题

Ican’tfindmygloves.Imusthave______themonthebuswhenIcamehomefromschool.

问题1选项

A.left

B.lost

C.forgotten

D.missed

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.left离开，遗留B.lost失去

C.forgotten忘记D.missed错过

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】由前面句子的意思“我找不到手套了”，可知Imusthave______themonthebus表示的是“我把它们落在公交车上了”，left符合句意。因此，该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】

C、D选项不符合句意；

B选项是指不知道忘在了哪里，排除。

【句意】我找不到手套了。我一定是放学回家时把它们落在公共汽车上了。

8.单选题

（

）nolossofenergybyfriction,themotionwouldcontinuedefinitelyonceitstarted.

问题1选项

A.Therewere

B.Werethere

C.Therewas

D.Ifthereis

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果没有由于摩擦而使能量丧失，运动将无限期地继续下去。

语法题。考查虚拟语气。根据句意推测此处属于与现在事实相反的条件句,故用虚拟语气:条件从句的谓语动词为were或动词过去式，主句部分为would/should/might/could+动词原形，故B正确。

9.翻译题

在某种物理障碍物的后面，人们会感到安全。如果一种社会场景在某种方式上具有威胁性，那么就有必要设立这样的一种障碍。当一个小孩面对陌生人时，它会躲在母亲的身后，然后偷偷地观察闯入者下一少做什么。如果母亲不在身边，椅子或者其他的家具之类的东西也可以，那么小孩面对陌生人的问题就会得到解决。如果陌生人坚持地向它靠近，那张窥探的面孔也会一起藏起來。如果这位不敏感的闯入者继续靠近的话，虽然孩子已经明显表现出恐惧，那么小孩可能别无选择地哭泣或逃跑。

这种模式随着孩子的成熟，会逐渐地减少。但是在少女中，仍然可以发现他们咯咯笑的时候会用手或纸捂着面孔。在我们成年之后，童年时期的躲藏以及青少年时期的害羞在我们勇敢地见我们的客人、同伴、亲戚、同事以及客户的时候，就会全部地消失。

【答案】【参考译文】

Behindsomekindofphysicalbarrier,peoplefeelsafe.Ifasocialscenarioisthreateninginsomeway,itisnecessarytoerectsuchabarrier.Whenachildfacesastranger,ithidesbehinditsmotherandsecretlywatcheswhattheintruderdoesnext.Ifthemotherisn'taround,achairorotherpieceoffurniturewilldo,andthechild'sproblemwithstrangerswillbesolved.Ifthestrangerpersistedinapproachingit,thepeepingfacewouldhidewithhim.Iftheinsensitiveintrudercontinuestoapproach,thechildmayhavenochoicebuttocryorrunaway,eventhoughfearisalreadyevident.

Thispatterndiminishesasthechildgrowsup.Butamongteenagegirls,theycanstillbefoundgigglingwiththeirhandsorpaperovertheirfaces.Afterwereachadulthood,thehidingofchildhoodandtheshynessofadolescencealldisappearwhenwebravelymeetourguests,companions,relatives,colleaguesandclients.

10.单选题

Youshouldn’tgotoworktoday,itisrainingsohard.（）youstillhaveatemperature.

问题1选项

A.Therefore

B.Nevertheless

C.Moreover

D.Despite

【答案】C

【解析】逻辑关系。根据句意可知，前后构成递进的关系，选项中只有Moreover表示递进，所以选项C正确。

11.单选题

ToliveintheUnitedStatestodayistogainanappreciationforDahrendorf’sassertionthatsocialchangeexistseverywhere.Technology,theapplicationofknowledgeforpracticalends,isamajorsourceofsocialchange.

Yetwewoulddowelltoremindourselvesthattechnologyisahumancreation;itdoesnotexistnaturally.Aspearorarobotisasmuchaculturalasaphysicalobject.Untilhumansuseaspeartohuntgameorarobottoproducemachineparts,neitherismuchmorethanasolidmassofmatter.Forabirdlookingforanobjectonwhichtorest,aspearorrobotservesthepurposeequallywell.TheexplosionoftheChallengerspaceshuttleandtheRussiannuclearaccidentatChernobyldrivehomethehumanqualityoftechnology;theyprovidecasesinwhichwell-plannedsystemssuddenlywenthaywire(变得混乱)andtherewasnoreadyhandtosetthemright.Sincetechnologyisahumancreation,weareresponsibleforwhatisdonewithit.Pessimistsworrythatwewilluseourtechnologyeventuallytoblowourworldandourselvestopieces.Buttheyhavebeensayingthisfordecades,andsofarwehavemanagedtosurviveandevenflourish.Whetherwewillcontinuetodosointheyearsaheadremainsuncertain.Clearly,theimpactofthetechnologyonourlivesdeservesacloserexamination.

Fewtechnologicaldevelopmentshavehadagreaterimpactonourlivesthanthecomputerrevolution.Scientistsandengineershavedesignedspecializedmachinesthatcandothetasksthatoncepeoplecoulddo.Therearethosewhoassertthattheswitchtoaninformation-basedeconomyisinthesamecampasothergreathistoricalmilestones,particularlytheIndustrialRevolution.YetwhenweaskwhytheIndustrialRevolutionwasarevolution,wefindthatitwasnotthemachines.Theprimaryreasonwhyitwasrevolutionaryisthatitledtogreatsocialchange.Itgaverisetomassproductionand,throughmassproduction,toasocietyinwhichwealthwasnotconfinedtothefew.

Insomewhatsimilarfashion,computerspromisetorevolutionizethestructureofAmericanlife,particularlyastheyfreethehumanmindandopennewpossibilitiesinknowledgeandcommunication.TheIndustrialRevolutionsupplementedandreplacedthemusclesofhumansandanimalsbymechanicalmethods.Thecomputerextendsthisdevelopmenttosupplementandreplacesomeaspectsofthemindofhumanbeingsbyelectronicmethods.Itisthecapacityofthecomputerforsolvingproblemsandmakingdecisionsthatrepresentsitsgreatestpotentialandthatposesthegreatestdifficultiesinpredictingtheimpactonsociety.

1.Aspearorarobothasthequalityoftechnologyonlywhenit________.

2.TheexamplesoftheChallengerandChernobylcitedbytheauthorservetoshowthat________.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,theintroductionofthecomputerisarevolutionmainlybecause________.

4.Byusingthephrase“thehumanqualityoftechnology”(Para.2),theauthorreferstothefactthattechnology________.

问题1选项

A.isusedbothasaculturalandaphysicalobject

B.servesdifferentpurposesequallywell

C.isutilizedbyman

D.canbeofusetobothmanandanimal

问题2选项

A.ifnotgivencloseexamination,technologycouldbeusedtodestroyourworld

B.technologyisahumancreation,soweareresponsibleforit

C.technologyusuallygoeswrong,ifnotcontrolledbyman

D.beingahumancreation,technologyisliabletoerror

问题3选项

A.thecomputerhasrevolutionizedtheworkingsofthehumanmind

B.thecomputercandothetasksthatcouldonlybedonebypeoplebefore

C.ithashelpedtoswitchtoaninformationtechnology

D.ithasagreatpotentialimpactonsociety

问题4选项

A.doesnotexistinthenaturalworld

B.hassomecharacteristicsofhumannature

C.canreplacesomeaspectsofthehumanmind

D.hasagreatimpactonhumanlife

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】第1题:【选项释义】

Aspearorarobothasthequalityoftechnologyonlywhenit________.一支长矛或一个机器人只有在________的时候才具有科技的特质。

A.isusedbothasaculturalandaphysicalobjectA.被用作文化和物理对象

B.servesdifferentpurposesequallywellB.满足不同目的

C.isutilizedbymanC.被人类使用

D.canbeofusetobothmanandanimalD.对人和动物都有用

【答案】C

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干中信息词Aspearorarobot定位到第二段第一、二句，该处讲到“一支长矛或一个机器人（Aspearorarobot）既是物理对象，也是文化对象。在人类使用长矛狩猎或机器人制造机器部件之前（humansuseaspeartohuntgameorarobottoproducemachineparts），它们都不过是一块物体。”，可知矛或机器人只有被人使用的时候才具有科技特性，因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“被用作文化和物理对象”：由解题思路可知“一支长矛或一个机器人（Aspearorarobot）既是物理对象，也是文化对象”，但是它们只有被人使用时才具有科技特性，属于偷换概念；

B选项“满足不同目的”：文中没有提到其条件是满足不同目的，属于无中生有；

D选项“对人和动物都有用”：对应第二段第四句“对于鸟（bird）来说，找一个栖息的物体，矛或机器人也能起到同样的作用（thepurposeequallywell）。”，它们除了对人类有用，对动物也是如此，但这不等同于有用就是具有科技特性，属于偷换概念。

第2题:【选项释义】

TheexamplesoftheChallengerandChernobylcitedbytheauthorservetoshowthat________.作者引用的挑战者号和切尔诺贝利的例子说明了________。

A.ifnotgivencloseexamination,technologycouldbeusedtodestroyourworldA.如果不仔细研究，科技可能会被用来毁灭我们的世界

B.technologyisahumancreation,soweareresponsibleforitB.科技是人类创造的，所以我们要对它负责

C.technologyusuallygoeswrong,ifnotcontrolledbymanC.如果不受人控制，科技通常会出错

D.beingahumancreation,technologyisliabletoerrorD.作为人类的创造物，科技很容易出错

【答案】B

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干中信息词ChallengerandChernobyl定位到第二段第五句，该处讲到“挑战者号（Challenger）航天飞机的爆炸和俄罗斯切尔诺贝利（Chernobyl）核事故充分说明了科技的人性化”，结合该段第六句“既然科技是人类的创造物（humancreation），我们要对用它来做什么负责（responsible）。”，可知作者用这两个例子是为了说明人类创造了科技，就要对此负责，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“如果不仔细研究，科技可能会被用来毁灭我们的世界”：对应第二段倒数第四句“悲观主义者担心（Pessimistsworry），我们最终会用我们的技术把我们的世界和我们自己炸成碎片。”，以及该段最后一句“科技对我们生活的影响值得更仔细地研究（closerexamination）”，倒数第四句以悲观者的担心点出对科技负责的重要性，最后一句总结上文担心科技造成危害以及带来繁荣的不同观点，而不是说如果不仔细研究，科技就会毁灭世界，属于偷换概念；

C选项“如果不受人操控，科技通常会出错”：文中没有提到科技没有人操控的时候经常出错，属于无中生有；

D选项“作为人类的创造物，科技很容易出错”：文中没有提到科技很容易出错，属于无中生有。

第3题:【选项释义】

Accordingtotheauthor,theintroductionofthecomputerisarevolutionmainlybecause________.作者认为，计算机的引入是一场革命，主要是因为________。

A.thecomputerhasrevolutionizedtheworkingsofthehumanmindA.计算机彻底改变了人类的思维方式

B.thecomputercandothetasksthatcouldonlybedonebypeoplebeforeB.计算机可以做以前只能由人做的工作

C.ithashelpedtoswitchtoaninformationtechnologyC.它已经帮助人们转向信息科技

D.ithasagreatpotentialimpactonsocietyD.它对社会有巨大的潜在影响

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干中信息词revolution定位到第三段第一句，该处讲到“没有什么技术发展比计算机革命（computerrevolution）对我们生活的影响更大（greaterimpactonourlives）。”；第三段倒数第二句“工业革命具有革命性的主要原因是它导致了巨大的社会变革（greatsocialchange）。”提到工业革命被视为革命的原因是极大地改变了社会；结合第四段第一句和最后一句“与此类似（Insomewhatsimilarfashion），计算机有希望彻底改变（promisetorevolutionize）美国人的生活结构……计算机解决问题和做决定的能力代表了它最大的潜力（greatestpotential）”，作者把计算机革命和工业革命进行类比，表明计算机革命具有改变社会的巨大潜力，因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“计算机彻底改变了人类的思维方式”：对应第四段第一句“计算机解放了人类的思维（freethehumanmind），在知识和交流方面开辟了新的可能性。”，计算机解放了人的思维，但没有到彻底改变的程度，属于推理过度；

B选项“计算机可以做以前只能由人做的工作”：对应第三段第二句“科学家和工程师设计了专门的机器（machines），这些机器可以完成曾经只有人类可以完成的任务（tasksthatoncepeoplecoulddo）。”，这里指的是机器，而非计算机，属于张冠李戴；

C选项“它已经帮助人们转向信息科技”：对应第三段第三句“向信息经济的转变（switchtoaninformation-basedeconomy）与其他重大历史里程碑，尤其是工业革命，属于同一阵营。”，这里转向信息经济本身不是称为革命的原因，其原因是随之而来的巨大影响，主次颠倒，属于本末倒置。

第4题:【选项释义】

Byusingthephrase“thehumanqualityoftechnology”(Para.2),theauthorreferstothefactthattechnology________.作者用的短语“科技的人性化特质”（第二段）指的是科技________。

A.doesnotexistinthenaturalworldA.在自然界中不存在

B.hassomecharacteristicsofhumannatureB.具有人类本性的一些特征

C.canreplacesomeaspectsofthehumanmindC.可以代替人类思想的某些方面

D.hasagreatimpactonhumanlifeD.对人类生活有巨大影响

【答案】A

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干中出处提示词Para.2和信息词thehumanqualityoftechnology定位到第二段第五句，该处讲到“挑战者号航天飞机的爆炸和俄罗斯切尔诺贝利核事故充分说明了科技的人性化（thehumanqualityoftechnology）”；该段第一句“我们最好提醒自己，科技是人类的创造；它不是自然存在的（notexistnaturally）。”，这一句抛出论点，随即用矛与机器、挑战者号与切尔诺贝利的例子佐证，证明科技由人创造，其人性化特质说明科技不是自然存在的，因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“具有人性的一些特征”：对应第二段第五句“挑战者号航天飞机的爆炸和俄罗斯切尔诺贝利核事故充分说明了科技的人性化（thehumanqualityoftechnology）；在这些案例中，规划良好的系统突然失控（haywire），没有现成的人手使其恢复运转（noreadyhandtosetthemright）。”，这里的人性化特质指的是需要由人操控，而不是科技具有人类的本性，属于偷换概念；

C选项“可以代替人类思想的某些方面”：对应文章倒数第二句“计算机通过电子手段取代了人类思维的某些方面（replacesomeaspectsofthemindofhumanbeings）”，这里是在说明计算机的作用，而不是解释题干中的短语意思，属于偷换概念；

D选项“对人类生活有巨大影响”：本选项和题干中短语的意思无关，属于偷换概念。

12.单选题

Theidealcompanionmachine-thecomputer-wouldnotonlylook,feel,andsoundfriendlybutwouldalsobeprogrammedtobehaveinapleasantmanner.Thosequalitiesthatmakeinteractioncomfortable,andyetthemachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictableandthereforeinteresting.Initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle.Themachinewouldnotbeapassiveparticipantbutwouldadditsownsuggestions,information,andopinions;itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown.

Friendshipsarenotmadeinaday,andthecomputerwouldbemoreacceptableasafriendifitimitatedthegradualchangesthatoccurwhenonepersonisgettingtoknowanother.Atanappropriatetimeitmightalsoexpressthekindofaffectionthatstimulatesattachmentandintimacy.Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation.Afterexperiencingawealthofpowerful,well-timedfriendshipindicators,theuserwouldbeverylikelytoacceptthecomputerasfarmorethanamachineandmightwellcometoregarditasafriend.

Anartificialrelationshipofthistypewouldprovidemanyofthebenefitsthatcouldcontinuefrompreviousdiscussions.Itwouldhaveafamiliaritywiththeuser'slifeasrevealedinearliercontact,anditwouldbeunderstandingandgood-humored.Thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive,anditwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner.

1.Whichofthefollowingisnotafeatureoftheidealcompanionmachine?

2.Thecomputerwoulddevelopfriendshipswithhumansina(n)-way（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingaspectsisnotmentionedwhenthepassagediscussesthebenefitsofartificialrelationships?

4.Throughoutthepassage,theauthorisinhisattitudetowardthecomputer（

）.

5.Whichmightbethemostappropriatetitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Activeincommunication

B.Attractiveinpersonality.

C.enjoyableinperformance

D.unpredictableinbehavior

问题2选项

A.Quick

B.unpredictable

C.productive

D.inconspicuous.

问题3选项

A.Beingabletopickupaninterestingconversation.

B.Beingsensitivetoearliercontact.

C.Beingreadytolearnabouttheperson'slife

D.Havingapleasantandadaptablepersonality.

问题4选项

A.favorable

B.critical

C.vague

D.hesitant

问题5选项

A.Artificialrelationships.

B.Howtoformintimaterelationships

C.Theaffectionatemachine

D.Humansandcomputers

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节题。第一段指出:machinewouldremainslightlyunpredictable(机器有一点不可预测),因此D项与原文不符。

2.细节题。第二段:Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation(整个过程将以一种微妙的方式完成，以避免给人一种过于熟悉的印象，这可能会引起不安)。表明这种电脑与人类建立关系的过程是'inasubtleway,故选D项(不显眼的，不引人注意的)。

3.细节题。第一段:itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown(它有时会主动发展或改变话题，并拥有自己的个性),可以看出A跟D项有提到,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle(但当它逐渐了解用户时，它会发展成一种更轻松、更贴心的风格),可以看出C项有提到。而B选项(对早起的接触很敏感)与"Initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant"不符,故选B。

4.态度方向。形容这种电脑作者用到的词汇有:comfortable、interesting等,不难看出作者对这种电脑的态度是"favorable"赞赏的。

5.主旨大意题。作者介绍了这种“仿真交际”电脑与人类如何建立关系，并围绕这种电脑的各项特点来介绍它是具有人情味、人性化的,因此C项作标题最合适。

13.单选题

Theawardsaddedlustertotheauthor'sreputation.

问题1选项

A.expression

B.distinction

C.passion

D.formality

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。luster意为“光泽，光彩”；expression意为“表示，表达，表露”；distinction意为“区别，优秀，荣誉”；passion意为“热情，激情”；formality意为“礼节，形式”。

句意：这些奖项为作者的声誉增添了光彩。

14.单选题

IhadeatenChinesefoodoften,butIcouldnothaveimaginedhow（

）andextravagantarealChinesebanquetcouldbe.

问题1选项

A.fabulous

B.gracious

C.handsome

D.prominent

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。fabulous“难以置信的；极好的”；gracious“亲切的；高尚的”；handsome“（男子）英俊的”；prominent“突出的，显著的”。句意：我经常吃中餐，但是我无法想象真正的中式宴会会有多么好，多么奢侈。选项A符合题意。

15.翻译题

1.Illnessbroughtherastrangerestlessnessandmadeherallthemoreeagertoclingtolifeandsqueezefromitthelastdropofhappiness.Itmadeherenvyhealth,butitalsomadehersentimentaloveraleafthatthewindhadblownintoherroom.

2.Cultureisthesystemofsharedbeliefs,values,customs,behaviors,andartifactsthatthemembersofsocietyusetocopewiththeirworldandwithoneanother,andthataretransmittedfromgenerationtogenerationthroughlearning.

3.NooneinauthorityinWashingtonorTokyowillsaypubliclythatcurrentturmoilislikelytobre