考研考博-英语-安庆职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安庆职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Allthelivingorganisms,regardlessoftheiruniqueidentity,havecertainbiological,chemical,andphysicalcharacteristicsincommon.

问题1选项

A.asaresult

B.considering

C.whatever

D.onpurpose

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项asaresult“结果”；B选项considering“考虑到……”；C选项whatever“无论什么，不管怎样”；D选项onpurpose“故意地”。句意：所有的生物体，不论其独特的特性如何，都有某些共同的生物、化学和物理特性。根据句意，可以看出C选项符合题意。

2.单选题

Thelocalgovernmentleadersaremakingeveryeffortto（

）theproblemofpoverty.

问题1选项

A.abolish

B.tackle

C.remove

D.encounter

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。abolish意“废除，废止(法律、制度、习俗等)”；tackle意为“处理，解决(难题或局面)”；remove意为“移开，拿走”；encounter意为“遭遇，偶遇”。“领导人努力解决问题”更符合逻辑，因此选B。

句意：地方政府领导人正在尽一切努力解决贫困问题。

3.单选题

Famedfortheirhigh-elevationforests,theAppalachianMountainssweepsouthfromQuebectoAlabama.HighestinNewEnglandandNorthCarolina,thisbroadsystemcoversmorethan1,200milestoformtherockybackboneoftheeasternUnitedStates.

TheBlueRidgeMountainsformasubstantialpart,615miles,ofthefar-reachingAppalachians.Theybeginasanarrow,lowridgeinPennsylvania,thenslowlyspreadandriseuntiltheyreachtheheightof5,938feetatmajesticGrandfatherMountaininNorthCarolina.TheBlueRidgetechnicallyincludesamongitsmajorspurstheGreatSmokyMountainsandtheBlackMountains;MountMitchell,inthelatterrange,isat6,684feetthehighestpeakeastoftheMississippiRiver.LiketherestoftheAppalachians,thesemountainswereoncesubstantiallyhigherandbolder.Theirupliftwascompletedsome289millionyearsago,andtheyhavebeendrasticallyerodedeversince.Atonetime,immensecontinentalglacierscoveredthelandasfarsouthasPennsylvania.AlthoughtheydidnotspreadovertheBlueRidge,plantsandanimalsfarbeyondtheirreachbecameadaptedtothecold.Whentheclimatewarmedandtheicemelted,thecold-adaptedspeciesretreatednorthward,survivinginthesouthonlyathigher,coolerelevations.

RedSprucesandFraserfirsareremnantsoftheIceAge,thrivinginthehigherelevationsoftheBlueRidge;andlocalbelches,birches,andredoaksaretypicalofforestsfarthertothenorth.Sharingthehighpeaksisanotherdistinctiveplantcommunity.Thisisthe"bald"一atreelessareacoveredwithgrass,ormorecommonly,withbroad-leavedshrubs.Oftenlargeandvigorous,thelatterincludehuckleberries,mountainlaurel,andmostespecially,rhododendron,anevergreenshrubthatblossomsinJuneandcreatessomeofthemostspectacularwildgardensonEarth.

1.ThesouthernmostpointoftheAppalachianMountainsisin（）

2.Theexpression"thelatterrange"inparagraphtworefersto（）

3.Accordingtothepassage,themeltingofglacierscausedsomeplantspeciesto（）

4.Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingasplantsthatcanbefoundina"bald"EXCEPT（）

5.Whereinthepassagedoestheauthormentionwhathashappenedtothedevelopmentofthemountainssincetheyreachedtheirhighestpoint?

6.Accordingtothepassage,a615-mileexpanseoftheAppalachiansisknownas（）

问题1选项

A.Quebec

B.NewEngland

C.Alabama

D.NorthCarolina

问题2选项

A.Appalachians

B.theBlackMountains-

C.theGreatSmokyMountains

D.GrandfatherMountain

问题3选项

A.adapttotheheat

B.dieout

C.growbiggerandstronger

D.movenorthward

问题4选项

A.mountainlaurel

B.huckleberries

C.redoaks

D.rhododendron

问题5选项

A.ThesecondsentenceofParagraphOne.

B.Thelatterhalfofthesecondparagraph.

C.ThefirsttwosentencesofParagraphTwo.

D.ThewholeParagraphTwo.

问题6选项

A.theBlueRidgeMountains

B.GrandfatherMountain

C.theBlackMountains

D.theGreatSmokyMountains

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词“theAppalachianMountains”定位到第一段首句“Famedfortheirhigh-elevationforests,theAppalachianMountainssweepsouthfromQuebectoAlabama.”阿巴拉契亚山脉以其高海拔森林而闻名，从魁北克省一直向南延伸到阿拉巴马州。所以阿巴拉契亚山脉的最南端为Alabama。

第2题:语义题。根据题干信息定位到原文第二段的第三句，thelatterrange指后一范围内的。前面提到了theGreatSmokyMountainsandtheBlackMountains，所以这里指后者theBlackMountains。选项B正确。

第3题:细节判断题。根据第二段的最后一句：当气候变暖，冰融化时，适应寒冷的物种向北撤退，只在海拔更高、更冷的南方生存。适应寒冷的物种即上一句提到的植物和动物，所以本题选D。

第4题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词"bald"定位到原文最后一段的最后两句“...thelatterincludehuckleberries,mountainlaurel,andmostespecially,rhododendron”，只有选项C没有提及。

第5题:细节事实题。题干问的是自从山脉达到最顶峰之后，有一些什么发展。文中在第二段的后半部分提到，山脉的隆起大约是在2.89亿年前完成的，从那以后就遭到了严重的侵蚀。所以选项B正确。

第6题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词615-mile定位到原文第二段的第一句“TheBlueRidgeMountainsformasubstantialpart,615miles,ofthefar-reachingAppalachians.”蓝岭山脉是阿巴拉契亚山脉的重要组成部分，绵延615英里。选项A正确。

4.单选题

（

）thatmanytravelerscomplainedtothetravelagency.

问题1选项

A.Sofrequentlytheguidetookthemtoluxuriousshops

B.Sofrequentlytheguidetookthemtoluxuriousshopsdo

C.Sofrequentlydidtheguidetakethemtoluxuriousshops

D.Sotheguidetookthemtoluxuriousshopsfrequently

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。本题考查结果状语从句中的倒装用法。在“so/such…that...”结构中，so和such连同它所修饰成分置于句首表示强调。主句需要倒装；根据句子后面的结构“thatmanytravelerscomplainedtothetravelagency.”可知前面是so引导的主句，需要采用部分倒装结构，句意为：导游带游客去奢侈品商店太频繁，以至于许多游客向旅行社投诉。故正确答案选C。

5.单选题

Whileit’struethattechniquesofactivelisteningcan（）thevalueoflecture,fewstudentspossesssuchskillsatthebeginningoftheircollegecareers.

问题1选项

A.enhance

B.enlarge

C.access

D.exaggerate

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。enhance“提高，加强，增加”；enlarge“扩大，增大”；access“使用；存取；接近”；exaggerate“夸张”。句意：积极倾听能够提高演讲的价值，但是很少有大学生在入学之初就有这样的技能。选项A符合题意。

6.单选题

Beforeturningtowriting,Ispenteightyearsasalawyer______abouthowlifewouldbewithaprominentfatherblazingmytrail.

问题1选项

A.fantasizing

B.fascinating

C.facilitating

D.finalizing

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项fantasizing“想象，幻想”；B选项fascinating“使着迷”；C选项facilitating“促进；使便利”；D选项finalizing“最终确定（计划、协议等）”。句意：在开始写作之前，我做了八年的律师，______如果有一位杰出的父亲为我开路，生活会是怎样的。根据howlifewouldbe可知这里使用了虚拟语气，所以fantasizing“想象，幻想”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

7.单选题

It（

）howunleashingdomesticdemandinsurpluscountriescansupportstrongglobalgrowthasdeficitcountriesincreasesavingsandrepairbalancesheetsdamagedbythecrisis.

问题1选项

A.setson

B.setsin

C.setsover

D.setsout

【答案】D

【解析】词组辨析。set...on“使……袭击”；setin“到来；开始”；setover“置于…上，指派…管理，移交”；setout“出发，开始，陈述”。句意：它阐述了在赤字国家增加储蓄、修复因危机而受损的资产负债表之际，盈余国家释放内需如何支撑强劲的全球增长。选项D符合题意。

8.单选题

Oneofthereasonsforhispopularityinourvillageisthathe（）almosteveryoneeverytimewhenhecomesbackfromthebigcity.

问题1选项

A.asksafter

B.runsfor

C.bringsup

D.takesafter

【答案】A

【解析】askafter探问,问候；runfor竞选；bringup提出；takeafter与…相像。句意：他在我们村里受欢迎的原因之一是,他几乎每次从大城市回来都会问候所有人。选项A符合语境。

9.单选题

Heisanhonestperson.Heis______todosuchadishonestthing.

问题1选项

A.theleastman

B.notlikely

C.thelastman

D.thelatestman

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。在“thelastpersontodosth.”或“thelastpersonthat...”句式中，thelast=theleastlikely；last由原义“最后的”演绎为“最不大可能的，最不愿意……的”，因此它含有否定的意思，如：YouarethelastpersonIwanttosee.“你是我最不愿意看到的人”，That’sthelastthinghewants.“那是他最不愿意要的东西”，但并非所有的thelastpersontodosth.都表示“最不肯（或最不会，最不愿意）做某事的人”，有时表示“最后一个做某事的人”，如在抢险斗争中最后一个撤离现场的人：Hewasthelastpersontoleavethesinkingship.到底表示“最不愿意做某事的人”还是表示“最后一个做某事的人”，这要根据上下文的意思来判定。notlikely虽符合语法结构，但不符合上下文的逻辑意思。句意：他是一个诚实的人，他绝对不可能做这种不诚实的事。因此C选项正确。

10.单选题

Thepubliccanrest（

）

thatdetectivesaredoingeverythingpossibletofindthe

murderer.

问题1选项

A.assured

B.approved

C.guaranteed

D.convinced

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。restassuredthat“(强调所言确凿无误)尽管放心”。因此选项A符合题意。

11.单选题

（

）,thefactorieshadnotclosed,andthosewhoneededworkmostweregivenachancetosurviveduringtheeconomicdisaster.

问题1选项

A.Blithely

B.Mercifully

C.Glamorously

D.Importunately

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。blithely愉快地，无忧无虑地；mercifully幸运地，宽厚地；glamorously富有魅力地；importunately“缠绕不休地”。句意：幸运的是，工厂没有倒闭，在经济灾难中那些最需要工作的人有机会生存。由句意可知B项符合题意。

12.单选题

Generallyspeaking,oldpeopleareusuallymore（）thanyoungpeople.

问题1选项

A.destructive

B.progressive

C.conservative

D.constructive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项destructive“破坏的；毁灭性的”；B选项progressive“进步的；先进的”；C选项conservative“保守的”；D选项constructive“建设性的；推定的”。句意：通常来讲，老年人比年轻人更……。综合句意及选项判断可知，此处应表示老年人比年轻人“保守”，C选项正确。

13.单选题

Mostofusaretaughttopayattentiontowhatissaid—thewords.Wordsdoprovideuswithsomeinformation,butmeaningsarederivedfromsomanyothersourcesthatitwouldhinderoureffectivenessasapartnertoarelationshiptorelytooheavilyonwordsalone.Wordsareusedtodescribeonlyasmallpartofthemanyideasweassociatewithanygivenmessage.Sometimeswecangaininsightintosomeofthoseassociationsifwelistenformorethanwords.Wedon’talwayssaywhatwemeanormeanwhatwesay.Sometimesourwordsdon’tmeananythingexcept“I’mlettingoffsomesteam.Idon’treallywantyoutopaycloseattentiontowhatI’msaying.JustpayattentiontowhatI’mfeeling.”Mostlywemeanseveralthingsatonce.Apersonwantingtopurchaseahousesaystothecurrentowner,“ThisstephastobefixedbeforeI’llbuy.”Theownersays,“It’sbeenlikethatforyears.”Actually,thestephasn’tbeenlikethatforyears,buttheunspokenmessageis:“Idon’twanttofixit.Weputupwithit.Whycan’tyou?”Thesearchforamoreexpansiveviewofmeaningcanbedevelopedbyexaminingamessageintermsofwhosaidit,whenitoccurred,therelatedconditionsorsituation,andhowitwassaid.

Whenamessageoccurscanalsorevealassociatedmeaning.Letusassumetwocouplesdoexactlythesameamountofkissingandarguing.Butonecouplealwayskissesafteranargumentandtheothercouplealwaysarguesafterakiss.Theorderingofthebehaviorsmaymeanagreatdealmorethanthefrequencyofthebehavior.Afriend’sunusuallydocilebehaviormayonlybeunderstoodbynotingthatitwasprecededbysituationsthatrequiredanabnormalamountofassertiveness.Someresponsesmaybedirectlylinkedtoadevelopingpatternofresponsesanddefylogic.Forexample,apersonwhosays“No!”toaserialsofchargeslike“You'redumb/'“You’relazy,”and“You'redishonest,”mayalsosay“NoP'andtrytojustifyhisorherresponseifthenextstatementis‘‘Andyou'regoodlooking.”

Wewoulddowelltolistenforhowmessagesarepresented.Thewords,“Ifsurehasbeennicetohaveyouover,”canbesaidwithemphasisandexcitementorritualistically.Thephrasecanbesaidonceorrepeatedseveraltimes.Andthemeaningsweassociatewiththephrasewillchangeaccordingly.Sometimesifwesaysomethinginfrequentlyitassumesmoreimportance;sometimesthemorewesaysomethingthelessimportanceitassumes.

1.Effectivecommunicationisrenderedpossiblebetweentwoconversingpartnersif______.

2.“I’mlettingoffsomesteam”inparagraph1means_____.

3.Thehouse-owner’sexampleshowsthatheactuallymeans______.

4.Someresponsesandbehaviorsmayappearveryillogical,butarejustifiableif______.

5.Theword“ritualistically”inthelastparagraphequalssomethingdone______.

问题1选项

A.theyuseproperwordstocarrytheirideas

B.theybothspeaktrulyoftheirownfeelings

C.theytrytounderstandeachother’sideasbeyondwords

D.theyarecapableofassociatingmeaningwiththeirwords

问题2选项

A.I’mjustcallingyourattention

B.Pmjustkidding

C.Pmjustsayingtheopposite

D.I’mjustgivingoffsomesound

问题3选项

A.thestephasbeenlikethatforyears

B.hedoesn’tthinkitnecessarytofixthestep

C.theconditionofthestepisonlyaminorfault

D.thecostinvolvedinthefixingshouldbeshared

问题4选项

A.linkedtoanabnormalamountofassertiveness

B.seenasone’shabitualpatternofbehavior

C.takenaspartofanorderingsequence

D.expressedtoaseriesofcharges

问题5选项

A.withouttrueintention

B.light-heartedly

C.inawayofceremony

D.withlessemphasis

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Wordsdoprovideuswithsomeinformation,butmeaningsarederivedfromsomanyothersourcesthatitwouldhinderoureffectivenessasapartnertoarelationshiptorelytooheavilyonwordsalone.（言语的确为我们提供了一些信息，但其意思是从如此多的其它来源中获取出来的，以至于过于依赖言语将阻碍我们与其他人交流的效果）可知D选项“他们能把自己的言语与意思联系起来”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Sometimesourwordsdon’tmeananythingexcept“I’mlettingoffsomesteam.Idon’treallywantyoutopaycloseattentiontowhatI’msaying.JustpayattentiontowhatI’mfeeling.”（有时我们的言语并没有什么意思，除了“我正在宣泄情绪。我实际上不想让你仔细听我说的话，而是注意我的感受”外）可知A选项“我只是提醒你注意”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由文章一段中的Actually,thestephasn’tbeenlikethatforyears,buttheunspokenmessageis:“Idon’twanttofixit.Weputupwithit.Whycan’tyou?”（事实上，这个台阶已经有好几年不是这样的了，但暗含的信息是：“我不想修复它。我们能忍受它。你为什么不能忍受它了？）可知B选项“他认为没必要修台阶”符合题意。

4.细节推理题。题干意思是“有些反应和行为可能看起来非常不合逻辑，但如果……，是合理的”。根据第二段第五句Afriend’sunusuallydocilebehaviormayonlybeunderstoodbynotingthatitwasprecededbysituationsthatrequiredanabnormalamountofassertiveness.（一个朋友的异常温顺的行为，也许只能通过注意到它是以需要异常自信的情境为前提才能被理解）和第六句Someresponsesmaybedirectlylinkedtoadevelopingpatternofresponsesanddefylogic.（有些反应可能直接与反应的发展模式有关，而且不符合逻辑）可推断，如果要理解有些反应和行为，那么就需要注意到之前发生的事件的情况，所以C项“作为有序的续发事件的一部分”符合题意。A项“与一定反常程度的自信有关”，表述不够全面；B项“被视为一个人的习惯性行为模式”，文中没有提到习惯性行为；D项“表达了一系列指控”在文中只是举例说明，D项不选。因此，该题选择C项正确。

5.词义题。“ritual（仪式，惯例）”为副词ritualistically的名词形式，故ritualistically表述“仪式地”，因此选C。

14.单选题

Nocompanylikestobetolditiscontributingtothemoraldeclineofanation.“Isthiswhatyouliketoaccomplishwithyourcareers?”anAmericansenatoraskedTimeWarnerexecutivesrecently.“Youhavesoldyoursouls,butmustyoucorruptournationandthreatenourchildrenaswell?”AtTimeWarner,however,suchquestionsaresimplythelatestmanifestationofthesoul-searchingthathasinvolvedthecompanyeversincethecompanywasbornin1990.It’saself-examinationthathas,atvarioustimes,involvedissuesofresponsibility,creativefreedomandthecorporatebottomline.

AtthecoreofthisdebateischairmanGeraldLevin,56,whotookoverfromthelateSteveRossintheearly1990s.Onthefinancialfront.Levinisunderpressuretoraisethestockpriceandreducethecompany’smountainousdebt,whichwillincreaseto$17.3billionaftertwonewcabledealsclose.Hehaspromisedtoselloffsomeofthepropertyandrestructurethecompany,butinvestorsarewaitingimpatiently.

Theflapoverrapisnotmakinglifeanyeasierforhim.Levinhasconsistentlydefendedthecompany’srapmusiconthegroundsofexpression.In1992,whenTimeWarnerwasunderfireforreleasingIce-T’sviolentrapsongCopKiller.Levindescribedrapasalawfulexpressionofstreetculture,whichdeservesanoutlet.“Thetestofanydemocraticsociety,”hewroteinaWallStreetJournalcolumn,“liesnotinhowwellitcancontrolexpressionbutinwhetheritgivesfreedomofthoughtandexpressionthewidestpossiblelatitude,howeverdisputableorirritatingtheresultsmaysometimesbe.Wewon’tretreatwhenwefaceanythreats.”

Levinwouldnotcommentonthedebatelastweek,butthereweresignsthatthechairmanwasbackingoffhishard-linestand,atleasttosomeextent.Duringthediscussionofrocksingingversesatlastmonth’sstockholders’meeting,Levinassertedthat“musicisnotthecauseofsociety’sills”andevencitedhisson,ateacherintheBronx.NewYork,whousesraptocommunicatewithstudents.Buthetalkedaswellaboutthe“balancedstruggle”betweencreativefreedomandsocialresponsibility,andheproclaimedthatthecompanywouldlaunchadrivetodevelopstandardsfordistributionandlabelingofpotentiallyobjectionablemusic.

The15-memberTimeWarnerboardisgenerallysupportiveofLevinandhiscorporatestrategy.Butinsiderssayseveralofthemhaveshowntheirconcernsinthismatter.“Someofushaveknownformany,manyyearsthatthefreedomsundertheFirstAmendmentarenottotally”,saysLuce,“Ithinkitisperhapsthecasethatsomepeopleassociatedwiththecompanyhaveonlyrecentlycometorealizethis.”

1.AnAmericansenatorcriticizedTimeWarnerfor（）.

2.Theword“flap”(paragraph3)heremeans（）.

3.In1992,TimeWarnercausedpublicoutragebecauseit（）.

4.Inthefaceofrecentattacksonthecompany,Levin（）.

5.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

问题1选项

A.itsraisingofthecorporatestockprice

B.itsself-examinationofthesoul

C.itsneglectofsocialresponsibility

D.itsemphasisoncreativefreedom

问题2选项

A.controversy

B.fear

C.disaster

D.solution

问题3选项

A.sackedworkersasaresultofrestructuring

B.issuedarecordpromotingviolence

C.advocatedthecultureofthestreet

D.challengedthefreedomofexpressionindemocraticsociety

问题4选项

A.stucktoastrongstandtodefendfreedomofexpression

B.softenedhistoneandintroducedanewinitiative

C.yieldedtoobjectionsandresignedfromthecompany

D.requestedunconditionalsupportfromthe15-memberboard

问题5选项

A.profitsandsocialresponsibilitycanrarelygohandinhandinthecompany

B.fewpeopleareconcernedaboutcorporateresponsibility

C.thedebateoverTimeWarner’spolicywillsooninvolveothercompanies

D.theTimeWarnerBoard’sopinionofthecompany’spolicyisdivided

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段It’saself-examinationthathas,atvarioustimes,involvedissuesofresponsibility,creativefreedomandthecorporatebottomline.（这是一种自我反省，在不同时期，涉及到责任、创作自由和企业底线等问题。）通过这句话我们可以推测出，华纳对于自己社会责任的无视，因此C选项“对社会责任的忽视”正确。而A选项“它提高了公司的股票价格”，这是确有其事，但并不是议员批评它的原因；B选项“它的灵魂的自我反省”，他们有没有反省并不确定；D选项“它强调创作自由”，这个也不是参议员的观点。

2.语义推测题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段Theflapoverrapisnotmakinglifeanyeasierforhim.（对他来说，说唱带来的不安并没有使生活变得更轻松。）并且后文讲述了华纳因为发行的一些说唱歌曲而遭到抨击，因此说唱给他带来的应该是不好的事，因此A选项“争论”正确。B选项“恐惧”，不符合原意；C选项“不幸，灾难”，语义过重；D选项“解决方案”，和原文不搭。

3.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段In1992,whenTimeWarnerwasunderfireforreleasingIce-T’sviolentrapsongCopKiller.（1992年，时代华纳因发行Ice-T的暴力说唱歌曲《警察杀手》而遭到抨击。）可知TimeWarner“引起民怨”，主要是因为他出版了鼓励暴力的唱片。因此B选项“发布了一个宣扬暴力的唱片”正确。A选项“由于重组而被解雇的工人”；C选项“提倡街头文化”以及D选项“挑战民主社会的言论自由”都不正确。

4.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第四段butthereweresignsthatthechairmanwasbackingoffhishard-linestand,atleasttosomeextent.（但有迹象表明，主席正在放弃他的强硬立场，至少在某种程度上是这样。）因此B选项“他缓和了语气，提出了一些新方案”正确。A选项“坚定捍卫言论自由的立场”；C选项“屈服于反对意见，从公司辞职”以及D选项“请求15名董事会成员无条件支持”都不是真实的。

5.判断推理题。从最后一段Someofushaveknownformany,manyyearsthatthefreedomsundertheFirstAmendmentarenottotally（我们中的一些人已经知道很多很多年了，第一修正案规定的自由并不是完全的），可知，宪法第一修正案中的言论自由不是没有限制的，因此他们应该同时考虑社会责任，对公司来说利益和社会责任通常不能兼顾。因此A选项“在公司里，利润和社会责任很少能齐头并进”正确。B选项“很少有人关心企业的责任”，过于片面；C选项“关于时代华纳政策的辩论很快就会牵涉到其他公司”，没有提及；D选项“时代华纳董事会对公司的政策意见不一”，不是真正的内涵。

15.单选题

Financial

regulators

inBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbigbanks.Startingnextyear,anyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayed10yearsiftheirbanksareunderinvestigationforwrongdoing.Themainpurposeofthis“clawback”ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisk-takingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution.Yetofficialsalsohopeforamuchlargerbenefit:morelongtermdecision-makingnotonlybybanksbutalsobyallcorporations,tobuildastrongereconomyforfuturegenerations.

“Short-termism”orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpubliclytradedcompanies,saystheBankofEngland'stopeconomist,AndrewHaldane.Hequotesagiantofclassicaleconomies,AlfredMarshall,indescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasactinglike“Childrenwhopicktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeatthematonce”ratherthanputtingthemasidetobeeatenlast.

TheaveragetimeforholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesandBritain,henotes,hasdroppedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades.Transientinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirm'seffortstoinvestinlong-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeendubbed"quarterlycapitalism"Inaddition,newdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmorerapidtradingofequities,quickeruseofinformation,andthusshortensattentionspansinfinancialmarkers."Thereseemstobeapredominanceofshort-termthinkingattheexpenseoflong-terminvesting,"saidCommissionerDanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissioninspeechthisweek.

IntheUS,theSarbanes-OxleyActof2002haspushedmostpubliccompaniestodeferperformancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear,slightlyhelpingreduce“short-termism”.InitslatestsurveyofCEOpay,TheWallStreetJournalfindsthat"asubstantialpart”ofexecutivepayisnowtiedtoperformance.

Muchmorecouldbedonetoencourage“long-termism,”suchaschangesinthetaxcodeandquickerdisclosureofstockacquisitions.InFrance,shareholderswhoholdontoacompanyinvestmentforatleasttwoyearscansometimesearnmorevotingrightsinacompany.

Withincompanies,therightcompensationdesigncanprovideincentivesforexecutivestothinkbeyondtheirowntimeatthecompanyandonbehalfofallstakeholders.Britainruleisaremindertobankersthatsocietyhasaninterestintheirperformance,notjustfortheshorttermbutforthelongterm.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,onemotiveinimposingthenewruleisthe（

）.

2.AlfredMarshallisquotedtoindicate（

）.

3.Itisarguedthattheinfluenceoftransientinvestmentonpubliccompaniescanbe（

）.

4.TheUSandFranceexamplesareusedtoillustrate（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

问题1选项

A.enhancebanker'ssenseofresponsibility

B.helpcorporationsachievelargerprofits

C.buildanewsystemoffinancialregulation

D.guaranteethebonusesoftopexecutives

问题2选项

A.theconditionsforgeneratingquickprofits

B.governments'impatienceindecision-making

C.thesolidstructureofpubliclytradedcompanies

D."short-termism"ineconomicsactivities

问题3选项

A.indirect

B.adverse

C.minimal

D.temporary

问题4选项

A.theobstaclestopreventingshort-termism

B.thesignificanceoflong-termthinking

C.theapproachestopromotinglong-termism

D.theprevalenceofshort-termthinking

问题5选项

A.FailureofQuarterlyCapitalism

B.PatienceasaCorporateVirtue

C.DecisivenessRequiredofTopExecutives

D.FrustrationofRisk-takingBankers

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节题。题目中明确出题段落(AccordingtoParagraph1)及相应的信息点(onemotiveinimposingthenewrule)，因此，答案来源句则为第一段的第三句(Themainpurposeofthis“clawback”ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisk-takingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution这个规则主要目的是让银行家为不良风险负责以及修复公众对金融机构的信任)，那么答案基本就很容易提取出来。选项中的“senseofresponsibility”则对应到句中的“enhancebanker'ssenseofresponsibility（增加银行的责任），其他的选项则与最佳选项无缘，在定位区间中没有相应的信息。

2.细节题。题干中的定位信息在“AlfredMarshall”上，直接定位到第二段的第二句，定位信息里的“thisimpatience”则是回指第二段首句的"short-termism"，故信息点则为"short-termism"，所以最佳选项则为"short-termism"ineconomicactivities，而其他选项在定位信息中未提及。

3.细节题。此题的定位信息为题干的“transientinvestment”，直接定位到第三段的第二句“Transientinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirm'seffortstoinvestinlong-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty”，从四个选项的褒贬正负来看indirect、minimal和temporary为中性的表述，只有B选项的adverse为明确的负面表达，意思为“不利的”，与原文中的“hinder”对应上。

4.例证题。根据题干的具体信息定位，美国和法国的例子是用来支撑什么论点。原文的第五、六段则提供了具体的信息，第五段中美国延迟发放才上任一年左右的高管绩效津贴，继而促进缓解“短期主义”盛行的现状；第六段则提及在法国持股两年以上者拥有更大的选票权。所以，最佳选项应为“促进长期主义的方法”。

5.主旨题。题干中的title为标题题的信息，所以此题考查的是文章的主旨大意。B选项里的patience可以对应到全文中反复出现的主题词"short-termism"和"long-termism"，corporate本身在文章中出现多次，所以B选项为最佳标题，体现主旨大意；其余选项均不能概括全文，故排除。

16.单选题

Eversinceitsdiscovery,Plutohasneverreallyfittedin.AfterthepaleandglowinggiantNeptune,itislittlemorethanacosmicdustmite,sweptthroughthefarthestreachesofthesolarsystemonaplanetwildlytiltedrelativetotherestoftheplanets.ItissmallerthanNeptune’slargestmoon,andthearcofitsorbitissoovalthatitoccasionallycrossesitsmassiveblueneighbor’spath.

Foryears,ithasbeenseenasoursolarsystem’soddestplanet.Yesterday，however,scientistsreleasedperhapsthemostconvincingevidenceyetthatPluto,infact,isnotaplanetatall.Forthefirsttime,astronomershavepeeredintoabeltofrocksbeyondPlutounknownuntil10yearsago—andfoundaworldthatrivalsPlutoinsize.Thescientistspositthatlargerrocksmustbeoutthere，perhapsevenlargerthanPluto,meaningPlutoismorelikelythekingofthisdistantrealmofspacedetritusthanthetiniestofthenineplanets.

Whendiscoveredin1930，“Plutoatthatpointwastheonlything(thatfar)outthere,sotherewasnothingelsetocallitbutaplanet,”saysMikeBrown,anastronomerattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyinPasadena.“Nowitjustdoesn’tfit.”Inonesense,thequestionofPluto’splanetarystatusisarcane,theprovinceofpocket-protectedscientistsandsun-deprivedpenpushersdeterminedtodecidesomeofficialdesignationforaballofdustandice3billionmilesaway.

Yetitisalsounquestionablysomethingmore.Fromsciencefairdioramastogovernmentfunding,planetsholdaspecialplaceinthepublicimagination,andhowPlutoiseventuallyseen—bykidsandCongressalike—couldshapewhatfuturegenerationslearnaboutthismysteriousoutpostontheedgeofthesolarsystem.Thedebatehassplittheastronomicalcommunityfordecades.EvenbeforethedistantbandofrocksknownastheKuiperBeltwasfound,Pluto’sunusualbehaviormadeitsuspicious.

Elsewhere,thesolarsystemfitintonearfamilies:therockyinnerplanets，theasteroidbelt,thehugeandgaseousouterplanets.Pluto,though,waspeculiar.WiththediscoveryoftheKuiperBelt—countlessbitsofrockandiceleftunusedwhenthewheelofthesolarsystemfirstformed—Plutosuddenlyseemedtohavecousins.Yetuntilyesterday,itheldtoitsplanetarydistinctionbecauseitwasfarlargerthananythinglocatedthere.

TherubnowisQuaoar(pronouncedKWAH-oar),1billionmilesbeyondPlutoandroughlyhalfaslarge.NamedafterthecreationforceofthetribethatoriginallyinhabitedtheLosAngelesbasin,Quaoarforecastsproblemsfortheerstwhileninthplanet,saysdiscovererDr.Brown:“ThecaseisgoingtogetalothardertodefendthedaysomebodyfindssomethinglargerthanPluto,”

Tosome,theproblemisnotwithPluto,butthedefinitionof“planet.”Inshort，thereisnone.TotheGreeks,whocoinedtheterm,itmeant“wanderer,”describingthewaythattheplanetsmovedacrossthenightskydifferentlyfromthestarsbehindthem.Today,withourmorenuancedunderstandingoftheuniverse,thewordnolongerhasmuchscientificmeaning.

NewYork’sHaydenPlanetariumcausedacommotiontwoyearsagobysupposedlydemotingPluto,lumpingitwiththeKuiperBeltobjectsinitshugemobileofthesolarsystem.Inr