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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽扬子职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

ThefirstEnglishattemptstocolonizeNorthAmericawerecontrolledbyindividualsratherthancompanies.SirHumphreyGilbertwasthefirstEnglishmantosendcoloniststotheNewWorld.Hisinitialexpedition,whichsailedin1578withapatentgrantedbyQueenElizabethwasdefeatedbytheSpanish.Asecondattemptendedindisasterin1583,whenGilbertandhisshipwerelostinastorm.Inthefollowingyear,Gilbert’shalfbrother,SirWaterRaleigh,havingobtainedarenewalofthepatent,sponsoredanexpeditionthatexploredthecoastoftheregionthathenamed“Virginia”.UnderRaleigh’sdirectioneffortswerethenmadetoestablishacolonyonRoanokeIslandin1585and1587.ThesurvivorsofthefirstsettlementonRoanokereturnedtoEnglandin1586,butthesecondgroupofcolonistsdisappearedwithoutleavingatrace.ThefailureoftheGilbertandRaleighventuresmadeitclearthatthetaskstheyhadundertakenweretoobigforanyonecolonizer.Withinashorttimethetradingcompanyhadsupplantedtheindividualpromoterofcolonization.

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

2.ThepassagestateswhichofthefollowingaboutthefirstEnglishpeopletobeinvolvedinestablishingcoloniesinNorthAmerica?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutSirHumphreyGilbertistrue?

4.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutmembersofthefirstRoanokesettlement?

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthesecondsettlementonRoanokeIslandistrue?

问题1选项

A.TheRegulationofTradingCompanies.

B.British-SpanishRivalryintheNewWorld.

C.EarlyAttemptsatColonizingNorthAmerica.

D.RoyalPatentsIssuedinthe16thCentury.

问题2选项

A.TheywererequestedtodosobyQueenElizabeth.

B.Theyweremembersoflargetradingcompanies.

C.Theywereimmediatelysuccessful.

D.Theywereactingontheirown.

问题3选项

A.HeneversettledinNorthAmerica.

B.Histradingcompanywasgivenapatentbythequeen.

C.HefoughttheSpanishtwice.

D.Hediedin1587.

问题4选项

A.Theyexploredtheentirecoastalregion.

B.Somedidnotsurvive.

C.Theynamedthearea“Virginia”.

D.Mostwerenotexperiencedsailors.

问题5选项

A.ItssettlersallgaveupandreturnedtoEngland.

B.Itlastedforseveralyears.

C.Thefateofitsinhabitantsisunknown.

D.ItwasconqueredbytheSpanish.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。整个文章从吉尔伯特第一次尝试殖民北美到最后英国成功殖民北美的过程,所以C选项“殖民北美的早期尝试”正确。A选项“贸易公司的管理”和B选项“英国和西班牙在新世界的竞争”不是表达的重点。D选项“皇家专利颁发于16世纪”错误,这个是伊丽莎白女王允许吉尔伯特到北美的专利。因此C选项正确。

2.推理判断题。根据第一句ThefirstEnglishattemptstocolonizeNorthAmericawerecontrolledbyindividualsratherthancompanies.(英国第一次殖民北美的尝试是由个人而不是公司控制的。),可知他们自己决定怎样行动,D选项“他们自主行动”正确。A选项“伊丽莎白女王要求他们这样做”:根据第三句Hisinitialexpedition,whichsailedin1578withapatentgrantedbyQueenElizabeth(他的第一次远征是在1578年,并获得了伊丽莎白女王授予的专利权),可知不是伊丽莎白女王要求的,故错误。B选项“他们是大型贸易公司的成员”文中没有提到。C选项“他们很快就成功了”:在1578年和1583年分别进行了两次尝试,都失败了,可知进展不顺利,故错误。因此D选项正确。

3.推理判断题。根据第三句Hisinitialexpedition…wasdefeatedbytheSpanish.(他的第一次远征……被西班牙击退。),和第四句Asecondattemptendedindisasterin1583,whenGilbertandhisshipwerelostinastorm.(第二次尝试于1583年以灾难告终,当时吉尔伯特和他的船在一场风暴中丧生。),可知只有一次和西班牙交战,而非两次,吉尔伯特死于1583年,故C选项“他和西班牙人打了两次仗”和D选项“他死于1587年”错误;吉尔伯特两次以失败告终,没有到达北美,A选项“他从未在北美定居”符合题意。B选项“他的贸易公司被女王授予了专利权”:根据第五句Inthefollowingyear,Gilbert’shalfbrother,SirWaterRaleigh,havingobtainedarenewalofthepatent(第二年,吉尔伯特同父异母的兄弟沃特•罗利爵士获得了专利的续期。),可知是个人而非公司得到专利权,故错误。因此A选项正确。

4.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三句ThesurvivorsofthefirstsettlementonRoanokereturnedtoEnglandin1586(在罗阿诺克建立第一个殖民地的幸存者于1586年回到英国),可知B选项“一些人没有存活下来”正确。A选项“他们探索了整个沿海地区”和C选项“他们把这个地区命名为弗吉尼亚”:根据文章第五句Inthefollowingyear,Gilbert’shalfbrother,SirWaterRaleigh…sponsoredanexpeditionthatexploredthecoastoftheregionthathenamed“Virginia”.(第二年,吉尔伯特同父异母的兄弟沃特•罗利爵士……赞助了一次探险,探索他称之为“弗吉尼亚”的地区的海岸。),可知弗吉尼亚是沃特•罗利叫的,而不是大家这么叫,也没有探索整个沿海地区。不符合文章内容。和D选项“大多数人都没有经验”文中没有提到。因此B选项正确。

5.语义推测题。根据文章倒数第三句ThesurvivorsofthefirstsettlementonRoanokereturnedtoEnglandin1586,butthesecondgroupofcolonistsdisappearedwithoutleavingatrace.(在罗阿诺克建立第一个殖民地的幸存者于1586年回到英国,但第二批殖民者消失得无影无踪。),可知第一批殖民者回到英国,第二批殖民者不知道具体情况,C选项“在那里的居民命运未知”正确,A选项“在那里的定居者都放弃了,回到了英国”错误。B选项“持续了好几年”和D选项“被西班牙人征服”文中没有提到。因此C选项正确。

2.单选题

Ofrecentinventions,itisperhapsthemotorcarwhichhas

ourlivesmorethananythingelse.

问题1选项

A.transformed

B.transmitted

C.transferred

D.transplanted

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。transformed“转变”;transmitted“传输”;transferred“转移”;transplanted“移植”。句意:在最近的发明中,也许汽车比其他任何东西都更能改变我们的生活。选项A符合题意。

3.单选题

Awar,eveniffoughtforindividuallibertyanddemocraticrights,usuallyrequiresthattheseprinciplesbesuspended,fortheyare(

)theregimentationanddisciplinenecessaryformilitaryefficiency.

问题1选项

A.contraryto

B.incompatiblewith

C.fulfilledthrough

D.disruptiveof

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。becontraryto“与······相反”;befulfilledthrough“通过来实现”;beincompatiblewith“与······不兼容”;bedisruptiveof“对······造成破坏的”。句意:即使是为了个人自由和民主权力而战,战争通常要求这些原则被暂停,因为它们与作战效率所需的严格控制和纪律不相容。由theseprinciplesbesuspended可知这些原则与作战纪律不相容,故B项正确。

4.单选题

Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inoneexperiment,forexample,behavioralimmunologistMarkLaudenslager,attheUniversityofDenver,gavemildelectricshocksto24rats.Halftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosure,whiletheotherhalfcouldnot.Theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtimeoneratturnedthewheelitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfromtheshock.Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontroloveranevent,nottheexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.

Otherresearchersagree.JayWeiss,apsychologistatDukeUniversitySchoolofMedicine,hasshownthatanimalswhoareallowedtocontrolunpleasantstimulidon’tdevelopsleepdisturbancesorchangesinbrainchemistrytypicalofstressedrats.Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.Suchfindingsreinforcepsychologists’suspicionsthattheexperienceorperceptionofhelplessnessisoneofthemostharmfulfactorsindepression.

Oneofthemoststartlingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponsewasdiscoveredbychance.In1975psychologistRobertAderattheUniversityofRochesterSchoolofMedicineconditionedmicetoavoidsaccharinbysimultaneouslyfeedingthemthesweetenerandinjectingthemwithadrugthatwhilesuppressingtheirimmunesystemscausedstomachupsets.Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener.Inordertoextinguishthisdislikeforthesweetener,Aderreexposedtheanimalstosaccharin,thistimewithoutthedrug,andwasastonishedtofindthatthosemicethathadreceivedthehighestamountsofsweetenerduringtheirearlierconditioningdied.Hecouldonlyspeculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalonenowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtokillthem.

1.Laudenslager’sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhocouldturnofftheelectricity____.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratsto____.

3.ThereasonwhythemiceinAder’sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthat____.

4.ThepassagetellsusthatthemostprobablereasonforthedeathofthemiceinAder’sexperimentwasthat____.

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheimmunesystemsofanimals____.

问题1选项

A.wasstrengthened

B.wasnotaffected

C.wasaltered

D.wasweakened

问题2选项

A.trytocontrolunpleasantstimuli

B.turnofftheelectricity

C.behavepassivelyincontrollablesituations

D.becomeabnormallysuspicious

问题3选项

A.theydislikeditstaste

B.itaffectedtheirimmunesystems

C.itledtostomachpains

D.theyassociateditwithstomachaches

问题4选项

A.theyhadbeenweakenedpsychologicallybythesaccharin

B.thesweetenerwaspoisonoustothem

C.theirimmunesystemshadbeenalteredbythemind

D.theyhadtakentoomuchsweetenerduringearlierconditioning

问题5选项

A.canbeweakenedbyconditioning

B.canbesuppressedbydruginjections

C.canbeaffectedbyfrequentdosesofsaccharin

D.canbealteredbyelectricshocks

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.【选项释义】

Laudenslager’sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhocouldturnofftheelectricity____.劳登斯拉格的实验表明,那些能切断电源的老鼠的免疫系统____。

A.wasstrengthenedA.得到了加强

B.wasnotaffectedB.没有受到影响

C.wasalteredC.发生了改变

D.wasweakenedD.被削弱了

【答案】B

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段倒数第二句“劳登斯拉格发现,无助的老鼠的免疫反应低于正常水平,而那些可以切断电源的老鼠则没有。”因此选B。

【干扰项排除】

A、C、D选项属于反向干扰;

2.【选项释义】

Accordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratsto____.根据文章,无助的经历导致老鼠____。

A.trytocontrolunpleasantstimuliA.试图控制不愉快的刺激

B.turnofftheelectricityB.关掉电源

C.behavepassivelyincontrollablesituationsC.在可控的情况下被动地行动

D.becomeabnormallysuspiciousD.变得异常多疑

【答案】C

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第二段“如果这些动物面对它们无法控制的情况,它们在面对它们可以控制的经历时,会表现得被动。(theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol)”因此选C。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“试图控制不愉快的刺激”,文中提到“杜克大学医学院的心理学家杰伊•韦斯已经证明,能够控制不愉快刺激的动物不会出现睡眠障碍,也不会出现典型的应激大鼠大脑化学变化。但是,如果动物面对他们无法控制的情况,它们以后在面对它们可以控制的经历时会表现被动。”由此可知,一旦动物遇到过它们控制不了的事情和局面,以后即使面对它们能够控制的事情,它们依然会很被动。该选项与原文意思相反,属于反向干扰;

B选项“关掉电源”,文中第一段提到“无助的老鼠的免疫反应低于正常水平,而那些可以切断电源的老鼠则没有。他认为,他所证明的是,缺乏对事件的控制是削弱免疫系统的原因,而不是经历本身。”由此可知关掉电源这个实验证明的是无助的老鼠的免疫反应低于正常水平,并没有说无助的经历会让老鼠关掉电源,该选项属于过度推断;

D选项“变得异常多疑”,文中没提及,该选项属于无中生有。

3.【选项释义】

ThereasonwhythemiceinAder’sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthat____.在阿德的实验中,老鼠不吃糖精的原因是____。

A.theydislikeditstasteA.它们不喜欢糖精的味道

B.itaffectedtheirimmunesystemsB.它会影响它们的免疫系统

C.itledtostomachpainsC.它会导致胃痛

D.theyassociateditwithstomachachesD.它们把糖精与胃痛联系在一起

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到最后一段“通过同时给老鼠喂食甜味剂,并给它们注射一种药物,这种药物会抑制老鼠的免疫系统,导致它们胃部不适。老鼠将糖精与胃痛联系起来(Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains),很快就学会了避开这种甜味剂。”由此可推断,因为阿德在喂老鼠糖精时,给它们注射了导致肠胃不适的药物,因此老鼠把二者联系起来,回避糖精。因此选D。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“它们不喜欢糖精的味道”,由推断可知老鼠把糖精和肠胃不适联系在一起,因此对糖精感到厌恶,该选项属于本末倒置;

B选项“它会影响它们的免疫系统”,文中提到“通过同时给老鼠喂食甜味剂,并给它们注射一种药物,这种药物会抑制老鼠的免疫系统,导致它们胃部不适。”由此可知,是这种药物会影响老鼠的免疫系统而不是糖精,该选项属于张冠李戴;

C选项“它会导致胃痛”,文中提到“通过同时给老鼠喂食甜味剂,并给它们注射一种药物,这种药物会抑制老鼠的免疫系统,导致它们胃部不适。”由此可知是这种药物导致胃痛而不是糖精本身,该选项属于张冠李戴。

4.【选项释义】

ThepassagetellsusthatthemostprobablereasonforthedeathofthemiceinAder’sexperimentwasthat____.这篇文章告诉我们,在阿德的实验中,老鼠死亡的最有可能的原因是____。

A.theyhadbeenweakenedpsychologicallybythesaccharinA.它们的心理已经被糖精削弱了

B.thesweetenerwaspoisonoustothemB.这种甜味剂对他们是有毒的

C.theirimmunesystemshadbeenalteredbythemindC.它们的免疫系统被思想改变了

D.theyhadtakentoomuchsweetenerduringearlierconditioningD.它们在早期的条件反射中摄入了太多的甜味剂

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到文章最后一段“他只能推测,他已经成功地使老鼠适应环境,仅用糖精就足以削弱它们的免疫系统,杀死它们。”在实验中,老鼠已经将胃痛与糖精联系起来,因此再次接触糖精时,老鼠的心理变化破坏了它们的免疫系统,导致它们死亡。因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“它们的心理已经被糖精削弱了”,文中推断可知老鼠的心理确实被糖精削弱,但是它们死亡的根本原因是免疫系统的变化,该选项属于本末倒置;

B选项“这种甜味剂对他们是有毒的”,文中提到“通过同时给老鼠喂食甜味剂,并给它们注射一种药物,这种药物会抑制老鼠的免疫系统,导致它们胃部不适。使它们能够避免糖精”可知糖精本身是无毒的,是这种注射的药物会使它们肠胃不适,该选项属于张冠李戴;

D选项“它们在早期的条件反射中摄入了太多的甜味剂”,是因为早期的条件反射导致它们的免疫系统发生变化,导致死亡,该选项属于本末倒置。

5.【选项释义】

Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheimmunesystemsofanimals____.从文章中可以得出结论,动物的免疫系统____。

A.canbeweakenedbyconditioningA.可以被条件作用削弱

B.canbesuppressedbydruginjectionsB.可以被药物注射抑制

C.canbeaffectedbyfrequentdosesofsaccharinC.可能会受到频繁剂量的糖精的影响

D.canbealteredbyelectricshocksD.可以被电击改变

【答案】A

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】文章用老鼠与糖精的例子,老鼠对糖精形成条件反射,从而导致免疫系统被削弱。由此可推断,动物的免疫系统可以被条件作用削弱。因此选A。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“可以被药物注射抑制”,文中提到对老鼠进行药物注射,但这只是其中的一个条件,并不能推出动物的免疫系统只会被药物抑制,该选项属于以偏概全;

C选项“可能会受到频繁剂量的糖精的影响”,文中用糖精做例子,但这只是其中的一个条件,该选项属于以偏概全;

D选项“可以被电击改变”,文中虽然提到对老鼠进行电击,但是并不能由此推出动物的免疫系统会被改变,该选项属于过度推断。

5.写作题

Inthepastfewyears,severalplagiarism(抄袭,剽窃)caseshavebeenexposedinChina.Someinvolveprofessorsandfamousscholarswhilesomeothersinvolvegraduatestudentswhoareworkingasresearchers.Pleasewriteacompositionofnolessthan200wordsonyourattitudetowardsplagiarism.Youmayalsoillustrateyouropiniononacademicintegrity(正直)andgivesuggestionsonhowtopreserveitintheacademicworld.

【答案】Plagiarism6.单选题

Thegovernment()thediplomaticnotefromJapanforitsunclearattitudetothetradebetweentwocountries.

问题1选项

A.denied

B.refused

C.rejected

D.objected

【答案】C

【解析】句意:因日本在两国间的贸易问题上态度不明确,该政府拒绝了日本的外交照会。

考查动词辨析。deny否认,否定;refuse拒绝别人的请求、帮助、邀请等,是普通用语;reject拒绝接受,不予考虑;object反对,不赞成,与介词to搭配。故选C。

7.翻译题

1.Money-laundering(洗钱)hasbeenoneoftheworld’sfastest-growingindustriesoverdecadedespiteincreasingeffortsbytheworld’sfinancialauthoritiestostampitout.

2.Wearenowinanagewherethepubliccanhaveaccesstoinformationthatenablesittomakeitsownjudgments,andmostpeoples,whohadseenthevideoofthisbeatingcouldnotunderstandhowthejurywasabletoacquit(宣布无罪)thepolicemeninvolved.

3.Toincreasethesupplyofnegativeionsindoors,somescientistsrecommendtheuseofionizers:smallportablemachineswhichgeneratenegativeions.

4.Thehackersaresoinvolvedwithdesigningtheirprogram,makingitmoreandmorecomplexandbendingittotheirwill,thattheydon'tbothertryingtomakeitunderstandabletootherusers.

5.AstudvhasfoundthatthesharepriceofAmericanmultinationalsthatspendheavilyonR&Driseswhenthevbuvforeiunsubsidiaries,buitfallswhenamultinationalwithlowR&Dspendingbuysabroad.

【答案】1.洗钱在过去十年里已经成为世界上发展最快的产业之一,尽管世界金融当局不断加强打击和遏制洗钱力度。

2.我们现在处于人人都能获取信息的时代,这些信息使人们可以自己做出判断,大多数人看过这个殴打视频后都无法理解陪审团怎么可以无罪释放涉案警察。

3.为了增加室内负离子的供应量,一些科学家建议使用离子发生器:可以产生负离子的便携式机器。

4.黑客们如此专注于设计他们的程序,使其越来越复杂,并按照他们的意愿来编程,以至于他们不愿费心去让其他用户理解这些程序。

5.一项研究发现,那些在研发上投入巨资的美国跨国公司在收购海外子公司时,其股价会上涨,而当一家研发投入较低的跨国公司收购海外公司时,股价就会下跌。

当媒体为更多的人提供更多的选择时,媒体有助于民主政治,而当媒体由灯光信号站转变为热导导弹时,媒体将不利于民主政治。比如,总统发表的1995年国情咨文报告花了一个多小时,这显然超出了大多数网络评论家(评论员:发表评论的人)所能承受的大约半小时的容忍度。演说结束后,网络评论家即时对演说做出分析,批判演说的长度而且“缺乏重点”。然而,从第二天的民意调查结果和现场访谈来看,大多数美国人似乎很欣赏总统演讲的内容。当今媒体调查少,宣传多

8.单选题

TheBritisharistocracyhadalwaysbeeninvolvedinindustrialization,especiallyinthedevelopmentofmining,canals,andrailways.Itnowshrewdlyassociateditselfwiththenewwaveofcommercialexpansion:mostbanksandinsurancecompanieshadalordtoaddtonetothemanagerialboard.Italsoshoredupitsfortunesbyastutemarriages,notablywiththenewaristocracyofwealthintheUnitedStates;thebest-knownexamplewasthemarriageofthedukeofMarlboroughtoConsueloVanderbilt.Bythesemeans,manyofthegreataristocraticestateswerepreserveddespiteagriculturaldecline.Buttheywereplaythingsaswellasenginesofwealth,andcametobetreatedassuch.Thearistocracycametobeknowntotheurbanpopulationchieflythroughtheirrepresentationinthepopularpressandmagazinesasmenandwomenofleisure:racing,hunting,shooting,andfishinginthecountry,gamblingandattendingtheseasoninLondon.Inapopulationforwhichleisurewasbecomingincreasinglyimportant,thisdidnotmakethearistocracyunpopular.

1.Inthesecondsentenceofthispassage,"hadalordtoaddtonetothemanagerialboard"meansthat______.

2.The“astutemarriages”inthepassagereferstomarriagesbetween______.

3.Judgingfromthecontentofthepassage,ConsueloVanderbiltwas______.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

问题1选项

A.thebanksandinsurancecompanieswouldhirealordontheboardtogiveadvicetotheirmanagement

B.havinglordsinvolvedinthemanagementgavethebanksorcompaniesaverygoodpublicimage

C.lordsworkedforthebanksandinsurancecompaniestobringinmoreprofits

D.ithadbecomeafashiontohavealordonthemanagerialboardofabankoracompany

问题2选项

A.BritisharistocracyandrichAmericanentrepreneurs

B.oldBritisharistocraticfamiliesandnewlyknightedaristocracyofwealth

C.aristocraticfamiliesandnewbusinessfamiliesofmoneyandenterprises

D.biglandlordfamiliesintheBritishcountrysideandrichAmericantycoonsofindustry

问题3选项

A.Male,andfromarichbusinessfamilyintheUnitedSates

B.Female,andfromaBritishwealthyfamilyofindustry

C.Male,andfromarichindustrialfamilyofBritain

D.Female,andfromanentrepreneurfamilyinAmerica

问题4选项

A.The19th-centuryBritisharistocratsweretreatedasdecorationsinpubliclifeandwereusedtomakemoneybypress.

B.The19th-centuryBritisharistocratsweretoysoftherichcapitalistsandweremadetoearnprofitsforthem.

C.The19th-centuryBritisharistocratsactedasplaymatesofpeopleinpleasure-seekingsuchashunting,fishing,andshooting.

D.The19th-centuryBritisharistocratswerepopularfiguresinadvertisementsbecausetheylivedaleisurelylife.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】1.语义题。题干:在这段话的第二句中,“hadalordtoaddtonetothemanagementboard”的意思是_______。通过全文可知贵族“…theywereplaythingsaswellasenginesofwealth…”,让他们进入商界只是为了良好的公众形象。因此B选项符合题意。

2.细节题。题干:中所说的“精明的婚姻”是指_____。文中提到,贵族涉足商业的一种方式是银行和大企业管理层中有贵族任职,还有一种方式就是通过在美国和财富新贵结婚维持自己的财富。因此C选项符合题意。

3.细节推理题。题干:从这篇文章的内容判断,ConsueloVanderbilt是_______。根据关键词定位到第三句的实例,例证贵族也会通过精明的婚姻来维持财富,结婚对象是Duke“公爵”。因此D选项符合题意。

4.判断推理题。题干:下列哪种说法是对的?文中说到,贵族是受人摆布的人,又是创造财富的工具,与A选项符合。

9.不定项选择题

Hurricanesareviolentstormsthatcausemillionsofdollarsinpropertydamageandtakemanylives.Theycanbeextremelydangerous,andtoooftenpeopleunderestimatetheirfury.

HurricanesnormallyoriginateasasmallareaofthunderstormsovertheAtlanticOceanwestoftheCapeVerdeIslandsduringAugustorSeptember.Forseveraldays,theareaofthestormincreasesandtheairpressurefallsslowly.Acenteroflowpressureforms,andwindsbegintowhirlaroundit.Itisblownwestward,increasinginsizeandstrength.

Hurricanehuntersthenflyouttothestorminordertodetermineitssizeandintensityandtotrackitsdirection.Theydropinstrumentsforrecordingtemperature,airpressure,andhumidity(湿度),intothestorm.Theyalsolookatthesizeofwavesontheocean,theclouds,andtheeyeofthestorm.Theeyeisaregionofrelativecalmandclearskiesinthecenterofthehurricane.Peopleoftenlosetheirlivesbyleavingshelterwhentheeyehasarrived,onlytobecaughtintremendouswindsagainwhentheeyehaspassed.

Oncetheforecastershavedeterminedthatitislikelythehurricanewillreachshore,theyissueahurricanewatchforalarge,generalareathatmaybeinthepathofthestorm.Later,whentheprobablepointoflandfallisclearer,theywillissueahurricanewarningforasomewhatmorelimitedarea.Peopleintheseareasarewisetostockuponnonperishablefoods,flashlightandradiobatteries,candles,andotheritemstheymayneedifelectricityandwaterarenotavailableafterthestorm.Theyshouldalsotrytohurricane-prooftheirhousesbybringinginlight-weightfurnitureandotheritemsfromoutsideandcoveringwindows.Peoplelivinginlow-lyingareasarewisetoevacuatetheirhousesbecauseofthestormsurge,whichisalargerushofwaterthatmaycomeashorewiththestorm.Hurricanesgenerallylosepowerslowlywhiletravelingoverland,butmanymoveouttosea,gatherupforceagain,andreturntoland.Astheymovetowardthenorth,theygenerallylosetheiridentityashurricanes.

46.Theeyeofthehurricaneis().

47.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

48.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

49.Thelow-lyingareasrefertothoseregionsthat().

50.WhichofthefollowingisNOTamethodofprotectingone’shousefromahurricane?

问题1选项

A.thepowerfulcenterofthestorm

B.thepartthatdeterminesitsdirection

C.therelativelycalmcenterofthestorm

D.thecenteroflowpressure

问题2选项

A.Astormsurgeisadramaticincreaseinwindvelocity.

B.Ahurricanewatchismoreseriousthanahurricanewarning.

C.Fallingairpressureisanindicatorthatthestormisincreasinginintensity.

D.Itissafetogooutsideoncetheeyehasarrived.

问题3选项

A.HowtoAvoidHurricanedamage

B.ForecastingHurricanes

C.ThedangerousHurricane

D.AtlanticStorms

问题4选项

A.closetothegroundlevel

B.one-storeyflat

C.flathouses

D.neartothelowestlevelofhurricane

问题5选项

A.takingoutheavythings

B.movinginlight-weightfurniture

C.equippingthehousewithstones

D.coveringwindowsHurricanesareviolentstormsthatcausemillionsofdollarsinpropertydamageandtakemanylives.Theycanbeextremelydangerous,andtoooftenpeopleunderestimatetheirfury.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】46.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。从第三段倒数第二句Theeyeisaregionofrelativecalmandclearskiesinthecenterofthehurricane.(飓风眼是飓风中心相对平静和晴朗的天空区域)可知C项“风暴相对平静的中心”正确。A项“强大的风暴中心”与文意相反,排除;B项“决定其方向的部分”文中未提及;D项“低压中心”定位到原文第一段可知低压中心是飓风形成前的表现,故错误。

47.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。从最后一段倒数第三句Peoplelivinginlow-lyingareasarewisetoevacuatetheirhousesbecauseofthestormsurge,whichisalargerushofwaterthatmaycomeashorewiththestorm.(生活在低洼地区的人们明智地撤离他们的房屋,因为风暴潮是一股巨大的水流,可能会随着风暴上岸。)可知stormsurge是指水而不是风,所以A项“风暴潮是风速的急剧增加。”不正确。根据最后一段开头的描述,飓风可能登陆时先在一个较大的可能范围内进行hurricanewatch,然后在可能着陆点hurricanewarning,可以看出hurricanewarning比hurricanewatch更严重,所以B项“飓风监视比飓风警报更严重。”不正确。根据第二段最后一句Peopleoftenlosetheirlivesbyleavingshelterwhentheeyehasarrived,onlytobecaughtintremendouswindsagainwhentheeyehaspassed.(当风眼来临时,人们如果走出房间会被风眼过去后的大风吹死),所以说在风眼来临时走出房间是不安全的)D项“风眼来临,出去是安全的”也不正确。通过排除法可知只有C项“气压下降表明风暴的强度在增加”正确。

48.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。阅读全文,分别讲了飓风的形成、飓风的预报、面对飓风的防范措施、飓风的消亡,C项“危险的飓风”可以作为标题概括文章内容。A项“如何避免飓风的破坏”;B项“飓风预报”;D项“大西洋风暴”都只涉及到文章的一个方面。

49.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】语义推测题。题干low-lyingareas是指地势低平的地区,A项“接近地面”;B、C是指一层平房,D项“接近最低级别的飓风”。所以只有A项符合。

50.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。从第三段第六行Theyshouldalsotrytohurricane-prooftheirhousesbybringinginlightweightfurnitureandotheritemsfromoutsideandcoveringwindows.(他们还应尝试从外部带入轻巧的家具和其他物品并遮盖窗户,以防飓风袭击他们的房屋)可知将轻的家具、物品带入房内,盖住窗户是预防飓风的措施,所以B和D正确,其中也暗含了选项A“取出重物”,因为将轻的物品放入房内也就意味着将重的物品带出房间,所以A也符合。C选项文中未提及。

10.单选题

Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary,flyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulation,highlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.However,theideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtothearts,eventhoughitmaybevalidforthesciences.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromdifferencesintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtotheroleofdata,servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisverydifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare'sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpower,norisPicasso'spaintingGuernicaprimarilyapropositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeartisticactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploit,inaninnovativeway,thelimitsofanexistingform,ratherthantranscendthatform.

Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishesanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield:thecomposerMonteverdi,whocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvalue,comestomind.Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichaslittlebearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.Ontheotherhand,Mozart'sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthemasterpiecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits--therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach--instrikinglyoriginalways.

1.Theauthorconsidersanewtheorythatcoherentlyrelatesdiversephenomenatooneanothertobethe()

2.ThepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringallofthefollowingquestionsEXCEPT:()

3.Theauthorregardstheideathatallhighlycreativeartisticactivitytranscendslimitswith()

4.Theauthorimpliesthataninnovativescientificcontributionisonethat()

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldmostlogicallyconcludethelastparagraphofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.basisforreaffirmingawell-establishedscientificformulation

B.byproductofanaestheticexperience

C.toolusedbyascientisttodiscoveranewparticular

D.resultofhighlycreativescientificactivity

问题2选项

A.Hasunusualcreativeactivitybeencharacterizedasrevolutionary?

B.DidBeethovenworkwithinamusicaltraditionthatalsoincludedHandelandBach?

C.IsMozart'sTheMarriageofFigaroanexampleofacreativeworkthattranscendedlimits?

D.WhobesidesMonteverdiwrotemusicthattheauthorwouldconsidertoembodynewprinciplesoforganizationandtobeofhighaestheticvalue?

问题3选项

A.deepskepticism

B.strongindignation

C.markedindifference

D.moderateamusement

问题4选项

A.iscitedwithhighfrequencyinthepublicationsofotherscientists

B.isacceptedimmediatelybythescientificcommunity

C.doesnotrelegateparticularstotherole

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