考研考博-英语-天津艺术职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津艺术职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

TheFirstWorldWarbeganinacontextofjargonandverbaldelicacyandcontinuedinacloudofeuphemismas（

）aslanguageandliterature,skillfullyused,couldmakeit.

问题1选项

A.enthralling

B.impenetrable

C.lucid

D.deliberate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。enthralling迷人的；impenetrable不能通过的；费解的；lucid明晰的；透明的；易懂的；deliberate故意的；深思熟虑的；从容的。句意：第一次世界大战开始于行话和精致言语的环境中，然后像语言和文学在巧妙地使用的情况下可以做到的那样继续于费解的委婉语的阴云中。从continuedinacloudofeuphemism（委婉语的阴云中）可知B项“费解的”符合题意。

2.填空题

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereisoneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

TwotypicalGermanshepherdskeptaspetsinEuropeconsumemoreinayearthantheaveragepersonlivinginBangladesh,accordingtoresearchbysustainabilityexpertsBrendaandRobertValeofVictoriaUniversityinNewZealand.Soaretheworld’senvironmentalillsreallyaresultoftheburgeoningnumberofhumansontheplanet—predictedtoreachatleastninebillionpeopleby2050?Orisitmoreduetothefactthatalthoughthehumanpopulationhasdoubledinthepast50years,wehaveincreasedouruseofresourcesfourfold?

Afterall,theroughly40,000attendeesoftherecentclimateconferenceinCopenhagenproducedmoregreenhousegasemissionsinjusttwoweeksthan600,000Ethiopiansproduceinayear.(41)

AssimplyputbytheUnitedNationsMillenniumEcosystemAssessmentin2005:“HumanactivityisputtingsuchstrainonthenaturalfunctionsofEarththattheabilityoftheplanet’secosystemstosustainfuturegenerationscannolongerbetakenforgranted.”

Andconsumerismisn’tevendeliveringonitsownpromise-abetterlife.“Notonlyisconsumerculturecausingunprecedentedenvironmentalhavoc,itisinmanycasesnotdeliveringthewell-beingforhumanbeingsitissupposedto,”arguedChristopherFlavin,presidentoftheWorldwatchInstituteduringapressconferencelastweektoreleaseitsnewStateoftheWorldreport,“TransformingCultures:FromConsumerismtoSustainability.”(42)

Whatdoeshemeanbyaculturalshift?Well,forexample,achangefromcurrentWesternburialmethods—injectingcorpseswithtoxicchemicals,sealingtheminexpensive,non-degradableboxesthatarethenplantedincemeteriesthatmaintaineternalgreennesswithfertilizersandpesticides—toburyinglovedonesinwaysdesignedtohealfamiliesaswellasthelocalenvironment(andultimatelyturningthesesitesintonaturalreserves).“Twocenturiesofintentionalcultivationofconsumerismhasledustoseeitasperfectlynaturaltoseeourselvesprimarilybywhatandhowweconsume,”arguedErikAssadourian,leadauthorofthereportforWorldwatch,whetherthatbeMcDonald’shamburgersorHummervehicles.

(43)“It’snotaprojectoutofwholenewcloth,”arguedreportco-authorandpoliticalscientistMichaelManiatesofAlleghenyCollegeinPennsylvania.“Therearestrongculturalelementsthattreasurethingslikefrugalityorthrift.Weneedtore-centerconditionsinculturethatcalloutthatwithinusthathasbeensuppressed.”

(44)“Consumerismisnowspreadingaroundtheworld,”Assadourianadded,notingthatChina,amongotherthings,hassurpassedtheU.S.asthelargestmarketfornewcarsaswellasthelargestemitterofgreenhousegases.“Isthisgoingtokeepspreading?Orarecountriesgoingtostartrecognizingthatthisisnotagoodpath?”

Atthesametime,aculturalshiftmayalreadybeunderway,representedbyeffortssuchasthoseinEcuadortoenshrinerightsfor“MotherBarth”inthecountry’sconstitutionorthoseatU.S.-basedcarpetmanufacturerInterfacetocreateaproductthatrequiresusingnothingfromthenaturalworldthatthenaturalworldcannotreplace.

(45)ButperhapslustforthelatestiterationofApplemerchandisecanbereplacedwithwhatserialinventorSaulGriffithscallstheheirloomculture,”productsthatlastforalifetimeorbeyond.“Inessence,thedisposablelifewillbereplacedbyasustainableone,”Assadouriansaid,“aworldwheremachismoisnotconnectedtothesizeofacarbutthefactthatyoudon’thaveoneatall.”

Inotherwords,it’sourconsumer-driveneconomy,stupid.Oh,andtheadvertisers.“Wearenotstupid,we’renotignorant,wedon’tevennecessarilyhavebadvalueswithrespecttotheenvironment,”Maniatesadded.“We’retryingtodoourbestwithinculturalsystemsthatelevateunsustainablechoices.”

Ofcourse,atthesametime,Worldwatchwouldlikeyoutospend$19.95forapaperbackversionofitsreport,or$9.95foraPDForelectronicdocumentforyour(yetanothergadget)Kindle.Switchingawayfromacapitalistethicofconsumerismcontinuestobeeasiersaidthandone.

A.ThekindsofchangesinpolicydiscussedatCopenhagenarealsocriticaland,infact,willgohandinhandwithaculturalshift(fromconsumerismtosustainability.)

B.Noristhisculturalethicofconsumerismconfinedtothedevelopedworld;developingcountriesareadoptingitasaneconomicmodel.

C.ThereforetheClimateConferenceinCopenhagenisessentialfortheworld’sclimateandUNFCCCisputtinghardeffortinmakingthemeetingasuccessendingupwithaCopenhagenProtocoltopreventglobalwarming.

D.Generallyspeaking,however,sucheffortshavebeenswampedthroughouttheworldinarisingtideofconsumerism,especiallysurroundingthelatestelectronicgadgets.

E.TheWorldwatchresearchersidentifysixkeyinstitutionsthatmustbechangedtopromotesustainability:education,business,media,government,socialmovementsandculturaltraditions.

F.Infact,theworld’srichest500millionpeopleproduce50percentofglobalcarbondioxideemissionscomparedtothe6percentproducedbytheworld’spoorest3billion.

【答案】41.F

42.A

43.E

44.B

45.D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.ThekindsofchangesinpolicydiscussedatCopenhagenarealsocriticaland,infact,willgohandinhandwithaculturalshift(fromconsumerismtosustainability.)A.在哥本哈根会议上讨论的政策变化也是至关重要的，事实上，它将与文化的转变（从消费主义到可持续发展）携手并进。

B.Noristhisculturalethicofconsumerismconfinedtothedevelopedworld;developingcountriesareadoptingitasaneconomicmodel.B.这种消费主义的文化伦理并不局限于发达国家；发展中国家正在采用它作为一种经济模式。

C.ThereforetheClimateConferenceinCopenhagenisessentialfortheworld’sclimateandUNFCCCisputtinghardeffortinmakingthemeetingasuccessendingupwithaCopenhagenProtocoltopreventglobalwarming.C.因此，哥本哈根气候会议对世界气候至关重要，联合国气候变化框架公约（UNFCCC）正在努力使这次会议成功达成防止全球变暖的哥本哈根议定书。

D.Generallyspeaking,however,sucheffortshavebeenswampedthroughouttheworldinarisingtideofconsumerism,especiallysurroundingthelatestelectronicgadgets.D.然而，总的来说，这些努力已经淹没在一股消费主义的浪潮中，特别是围绕着最新的电子产品。

E.TheWorldwatchresearchersidentifysixkeyinstitutionsthatmustbechangedtopromotesustainability:education,business,media,government,socialmovementsandculturaltraditions.E.世界观察组织的研究人员指出，为了促进可持续发展，必须改变6个关键机构：教育、商业、媒体、政府、社会运动和文化传统。

F.Infact,theworld’srichest500millionpeopleproduce50percentofglobalcarbondioxideemissionscomparedtothe6percentproducedbytheworld’spoorest3billion.F.事实上，世界上最富有的5亿人产生了全球50%的二氧化碳排放，而世界上最贫穷的30亿人只产生了6%。

41.空格前一句讲的是“在哥本哈根举行的气候大会的大约4万名与会者在短短两周内产生的温室气体比埃塞俄比亚60万名与会者一年产生的温室气体还要多”，这是对温室气体排放量的比较，推测空格处和温室气体排放有关，因此F项正确。

42.空格上一句提到了“文化转变：从消费主义到可持续发展（TransformingCultures:FromConsumerismtoSustainability.）”，这与A选项完全符合，因此A项正确。

43.根据空格后马尼亚茨说的内容“这不是一个全新的项目，这里有强烈的文化元素，珍视节俭之类的东西。”，从中可推测，空格句讲到了一个项目计划；结合上一段提到了世界观察组织的报告，所以E选项最符合。因此E项正确。

44.从空格后的内容“消费主义现在正在世界各地蔓延……中国已经超过美国，成为最大的新车市场和最大的温室气体排放国”可知，消费主义已经发展到世界各地，向发展中国家蔓延，B项符合该段意思。因此B项正确。

45.空格上一段讲的是在转变消费文化上做的努力，而空格后一句的内容是“但是，对最新一代苹果产品的渴望或许可以被连续发明人索尔格里菲斯所说的传家宝文化所取代，即可以使用一辈子或更久的产品”，其中用到了转折词but，说明这一句是对空格句的转折，这一句提到了关键词“最新苹果产品”，所以推测空格处是与之相关的。因此D项正确。

3.单选题

EstherwantedtogotoPhiladelphiabyherself,butherparentswouldnotgivetheir（）.

问题1选项

A.contest

B.consent

C.convenience

D.control

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项contest“比赛，争论”；B选项consent“同意，准许”；C选项convenience“便利”；D选项control“控制，管理”。根据句意“Esther想自己去费城，但她的父母不同意”。选项B符合句意。

4.单选题

IncolonialAmerica,peoplegenerallycoveredtheirbedswithdecorativequiltsresemblingthoseofthelandsfromwhichthequittershadcome.WealthyandsociallyprominentsettlersmadequiltsoftheEnglishtype,cutfromlargelengthsofclothofthesamecolorandtextureratherthanstitchedtogetherfromsmallerpieces.TheymadetheseuntiltheadventoftheRevolutionaryWarin1775,wheneverythingEnglishcametobefrownedupon.

Amongthewhole-clothquiltsmadebythesewealthysettlersduringtheearlyperiodarethosenowcalledlinsey-woolseys.Thistermwasusuallyappliedtoafabricofwoolandlinenusedinheavyclothingandquiltedpetticoatsworninthewintertime.Despitethename,linsey-woolseybedcoversdidnotoftencontainlinen.Rather,theyweremadeofatoplayerofwoolenorglazedworstedwoolfabric,consistingofsmooth,compactyarnfromlongwoolfiberdyeddarkblue,green,orbrownwithabottomlayerofacoarserwoolenmaterial,eithernaturalorashadeofyellow.Thefillingwasasoftlayerofwoolwhichhadbeencleanedandseparatedandthethreelayerswereheldtogetherwithdecorativestitchingdonewithhomespunlinenthread.Later,cottonthreadwasusedforthispurpose.Thedesignofthestitchingwasoftenasimpleonecomposedofinterlockingcirclesorcrosseddiagonallinesgivingadiamondpattern.

Thistypeofheavy,warm,quiltedbedcoverwassolargethatithungtothefloor.Thecomersarecutoutatthefootofthecoversothatthequiltfitsnuglyaroundthetallfour-poster,bedsofthe1700s,whichdifferedfromthoseoftodayinthattheywereshorterandwider;theywereshortbecausepeoplesleptinasemi-sittingpositionwithmanybolstersorpillows,andwide,becauseeachbedoftensleptthreeormore.Thelinsey-woolseycoveringwasfoundinthecolderregionsofthecountrybecauseofthewarmthitafforded.Therewasnocentralheatingandmostbedroomsdidnothavefireplaces.

1.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?

2.TheauthormentionstheRevolutionaryWarasatimeperiodwhen（

）.

3.Thequiltsdescribedinthesecondandthirdparagraphsweremadeprimarilyof（

）.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthatthesleepinghabitsofmostAmericanshavechangedsincethe1700sinallthefollowingwaysEXCEPT

（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingwasmostlikelytobefoundinabedroominthecolderareasoftheAmericancolonies?

问题1选项

A.Theprocessingofwool

B.Linsey-woolseybedcovers

C.SleepinghabitsofcolonialAmericans

D.QuiltsmadeinEngland

问题2选项

A.quiltsweresuppliedtothearmy

B.moreimmigrantsarrivedfromEngland

C.quiltsimportedfromEnglandbecamehardertofind

D.people'sattitudestowardEnglandchanged

问题3选项

A.wool

B.linen

C.cotton

D.amixtureoffabrics

问题4选项

A.thepositioninwhichpeoplesleep

B.thenumbersofbolstersorpillowspeoplesleepon

C.thelengthoftimepeoplesleep

D.thenumberofpeoplewhosleepinonebed

问题5选项

A.Alinsey-woolsey

B.Aventfromacentralhealingsystem

C.Afireplace

D.Awoodstove

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，原文第一段首先介绍了什么是被褥，接下来的段落则是具体介绍其中的一种——Linsey-woolsey。所以选项B正确。

2.推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“TheymadetheseuntiltheadventoftheRevolutionaryWarin1775,wheneverythingEnglishcametobefrownedupon.”直到1775年革命战争爆发，人们对来自英国的一切都不赞成。也就是说，人们对英国的态度改变了。选项D符合原文。

3.推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“Despitethename,linsey-woolseybedcoversdidnotoftencontainlinen.Rather,theyweremadeofatoplayerofwoolenorglazedworstedwoolfabric...”尽管有这个名字，linsey-woolsey床单通常并不包含亚麻。相反，它们是由一层羊毛或光滑的精纺毛织物制成的……由此可知，其主要成分是羊毛，选项A正确。

4.事实细节题。根据第三段第二句“theywereshortbecausepeoplesleptinasemi-sittingpositionwithmanybolstersorpillows,andwide,becauseeachbedoftensleptthreeormore.”它们短是因为人们以半坐的姿势睡觉，有许多支撑物或枕头；宽是因为每张床通常睡三个人或更多。由此可知，选项A，B，D均有提及，只有选项C不正确。

5.事实细节题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“Thelinsey-woolseycoveringwasfoundinthecolderregionsofthecountrybecauseofthewarmthitafforded.”由于它所提供的温暖，人们在该国较冷的地区发现了这种类似羊毛的覆盖物。所以选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

Whenaskedforyourviewsaboutyour（

）job,onnoaccountmustyoubenegative.

问题1选项

A.current

B.contemporary

C.occasional

D.universal

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。current意为“目前的，当前的，现在的”；contemporary意为“当代的，现代的”；occasional意为“偶尔的，不经常的”；universal意为“普遍的，一般的”。

句意：当被问到你对当前工作的看法时，你决不能消极。

6.单选题

Whatoursocietysuffersfrommosttodayistheabsenceofconsensusaboutwhatitandlifeinitoughttobe;suchconsensuscannotbegainedfromsociety'spresentstage,orfromfantasiesaboutwhatitoughttobe.Forthatthepresentistoocloseandtoodiversified,andthefuturetoouncertain,tomakebelievableclaimsaboutit.Aconsensusinthepresenthencecanbeachievedonlythroughasharedunderstandingofthepast,asHomer'sepicsinformedthosewholivedcenturieslaterwhatitmeanttobeGreek,andbywhatimagesandidealstheyweretolivetheirlivesandorganizetheirsocieties.

Mostsocietiesderiveconsensusfromalonghistory,alanguagealltheirown,acommonreligion,commonancestry.Themythsbywhichtheylivearebasedonallofthese.ButtheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrants,comingfromagreatvarietyofnations.Lately,ithasbeenemphasizedthatanasocial,narcissisticpersonalityhasbecomecharacteristicofAmericans,andthatitisthistypeofpersonalitythatmakesforthelackofwell-being,becauseitpreventsusfromachievingconsensusthatwouldcounteractatendencytowithdrawintoprivateworlds.Inthisstudyofnarcissism,ChristopherLashsaysthatmodernman,"torturedbyself-consciousnessturnstonewtherapiesnottofreehimselfofhispersonalworriesbuttofindmeaningandpurposeinlife,tofindsomethingtolivefor".Thereiswidespreaddistressbecausenationalmoralehasdeclinedandwehavelostanearliersenseofnationalvisionandpurpose.

Contrarytorigidreligionsorpoliticalbeliefs,asarefoundintotalitariansocieties,ourcultureisoneofthegreatindividualdifferences,atleastinprincipleandintheorybutthisleadstodisunity,evenchaos.Americansbelieveinthevalueofdiversitybutjustbecauseoursisasocietybasedonindividualdiversity,itneedsconsensusaboutsomedominatingideasmorethansocietiesbasedonuniform,originoftheircitizens.Hence,ifwearetohaveconsensus,itmustbebasedonamyth—avisionaboutacommonexperience,aconquestthatmadeusAmericans,asthemythabouttheconquestofTroyformedtheGreeks,onlyacommonmythcanofferrelieffromthefearthatlifeiswithoutmeaningorpurpose.Mythspermitustoexamineourplaceintheworldbycomparingittoasharedidea.Mythsaresharedfantasiesthatform,thetiethatbindstheindividualtoothermembersofhisgroup.Suchmythshelptowardofffeelingsofisolations,guilt,anxiety,andpurposelessness—inshort,theycombatisolationandthebreakdownofsocialstandardsandvalues.

1.Intheeyesoftheauthor,thegreatesttroublewiththeUSsocietymayliein（

）.

2.TheasocialpersonalityofAmericansmaystemfrom（

）.

3.Homer'sepicsismentionedinParagraph1inorderto（

）.

4.Theword"consensus"isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

5.Theword"our"inSentence1,Paragraph3refersto（

）.

问题1选项

A.thenon-existenceofconsensusontheformsofthesocietyshouldtake

B.thelackofdivergenceoverthecommonorganizationsofsociallife.

C.thenon-acceptanceofasocietybasedonindividualdiversity

D.thepervasivedistresscausedbynationalmoraledecline.

问题2选项

A.theabsenceofacommonreligion

B.themultiracialconstituentsoftheUSsociety

C.thewantofsharedmythstheypossessinlife

D.thecounterbalancetonarcissisticpersonality

问题3选项

A.exemplifythecontributionsmadebyancientpoets

B.illustratetheroleofsharedfantasiesaboutsociety.

C.showanidealstageofeternalsocialprogress

D.makeknownmythsofwhatasocietyoughttobe

问题4选项

A.control

B.concern

C.agreement

D.consideration

问题5选项

A.Trojan

B.totalitarian

C.Greek

D.American

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目所问的是“美国社会最大的麻烦可能在于什么？”文章第一段第一句话提到“我们社会最痛心的是缺乏对‘社会是什么’以及‘社会生活应该是什么’这类问题的一致意见”（Whatoursocietysuffersfrommosttodayistheabsenceofconsensusaboutwhatitandlifeinitoughttobe）。选项A“对社会应该采取什么样的形态缺乏一致性”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目所问的是“美国人的社会人格来源于什么？”文章第二段第三句话提到“美国是一个来自各个国家的移民组成的国家”（ButtheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrants,comingfromagreatvarietyofnations）。选项B“美国社会由多种族组成”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。题目所问的是“第一段提到荷马史诗的目的是什么？”文章第一段最后一句话提到“因此现在的一致性只有通过对过去共同的理解才能获得，就像荷马史诗告知后来的人一致性对于希腊来说意味着什么，他们是依靠什么样的想象和理想来生活以及构造社会的。”（Aconsensusinthepresenthencecanbeachievedonlythroughasharedunderstandingofthepast,asHomer'sepicsinformedthosewholivedcenturieslaterwhatitmeanttobeGreek,andbywhatimagesandidealstheyweretolivetheirlivesandorganizetheirsocieties）。选项B“说明共同的幻想对社会的重要性”符合题意。

4.词义题。题目所问的是“consensus与哪个词的意思最接近？”consensus在文章中出现多次，文章第二段第一句话mostsocietiesderiveconsensusfromalonghistory,alanguagealltheirown,acommonreligion,commonancestry，根据句子中的common这个词可以猜测consensus的意思是一个与之相近的名词。四个选项中的单词意思分别为：control“控制”；concern“担心，忧虑”；agreement“同意，一致”；consideration“考虑，原因”，选项C符合题意。

5.词义题。题目所问的是“‘our’指的是什么？”从文章第三段第二句话可以看出，本段主要讲述的是美国社会的问题，因此，our指的是“美国”。选项D符合题意。

7.单选题

Oneofthegreatthingsaboutcoveringtechnologyisthatifyouhangaroundlongenough,yougettowritethesamestoriesalloveragain.In1987,whenIfirststartedonthetechbeat,desktopPCswereabigdeal.Todaytheexcitementhasmovedtomobiledevices,alsoknownassmartphones.Watchingthisnewmarketunfoldisabitlikeseeingoneofthosemovieswherethey'vetakenanoldclassicandremadeitwithnewstarsbutthesamescript.

Now,asthen,asmallerdeviceisdisplacingabiggerone.Now,asthen,theplatformremainssomewhatprimitivebutisevolvingrapidly,Hardwaremakersaretryingtofigureoutwhichuserinterfaceworksbest.Softwaremakersaredreamingupnewwaystousemachinesthateventheircreatorscouldnothaveimagined.Now,asthen,anewecosystemisarising,withdisruptivetechnologycreatingnewpowerhousesandthreateningthesurvivalofmarketleaders.

ThemoststrikingGroundhogDaymomentformeinvolvesApple.Backin1984,AppleleaptwayaheadinthePCmarketwhenitreleasedtheoriginalMacintosh,thefirstpopularcomputertoemployagraphicaluserinterface.IttookMicrosoftsixyearstocomeupwithsomethingthatcouldcomparetotheMac,intheformofWindows3.0.Sixyears!Forallthattime,Applehadthemarkettoitself.Nevertheless,Windowstookovertheworldandnowholdsmorethan90percentmarketshare,whileApplesqueaksbywithlessthan5percentworldwide.

Cuttothemobilephonemarket,today.InJune2007,AppleintroducedtheiPhone,adevicethatwassofarbeyondeverythingelseinthemarketthatevennow,twoandahalfyearslater,nothingcanbeatit.Tobesure,NokiaandResearchinMotionstillholdagreatershareofthesmartphonemarketthanAppledoes,buttheiragingsoftwareplatformslookobsoletenexttoApple's.

Thequestionis,willAppledowiththeiPhonewhatitdidwiththeMac?Willitleapouttoatechnologicalleadandthenfindawaytoclutchdefeatfromthejawsofvictory?OrhasApplelearnedfromitspreviousexperienceandfiguredoutawaytoturnitssuperiordesignandwonderfultechnologyintomarketdomination?

ProbablyApple'sbiggestblunderwiththeMacwasrefusingtoletothercompanieslicenseitssoftware.Thethingis,AppleCEOSteveJobsisacontrolfreakwhobelievesinkeepingthesoftwaretightlycoupledtothehardware.Inhismind,thisistheonlywaytoguaranteethatyou'llgivecustomersaterrificexperience.

Microsofttooktheoppositeapproach,lettinganyPCmakerlicensetheWindowsoperatingsystem.There'satradeoffhereMicrosoftcouldn'tcontroltheuser'sexperience.Butitsdecisionledtogreaterdiversityofmachines,andlowerprices.Formostoftheworld,cheapmachinesthatwere"goodenough"trumpedApple'sprices,perfectionist,andcontrol-freakapproach.

1.Whatcanweinferfromthecoveringtechnologymarket?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,theoriginalMacintosh（）.

3.Astothemobilephonemarkettoday,（）.

4.AppleCEOSteveJobsholdstheideathat（）.

5.WhatcanwelearnfromMicrosoft'sapproach?

问题1选项

A.DesktopPCsaredominatingthemainstream.

B.Thereexistsintensetechnologicalcompetition.

C.Softwaremakershavereplacedthehardwaremakers.

D.Marketleadersarereluctanttothemarketevolvement.

问题2选项

A.wasintheformofWindows3.0

B.wasareplacementofWindows3.0

C.haslostitspopularitytoWindows

D.isthemostpopularcomputerbynow

问题3选项

A.AppleiPhoneholdsthemostshare

B.iPhone'ssoftwareplatformisobsolete

C.NokiaisexceedingAppleinplatform

D.iPhonestillkeepstheleadinsoftware

问题4选项

A.thereleaseofMacwasatotalfailure

B.softwareandhardwaremustbebound

C.othercompaniescanlicenseitssoftware

D.Microsofthasnoguaranteetocustomers

问题5选项

A.TheWindowsoperatingsystemisfreeforall.

B.Ithasnoconsiderationonuser'sexperience.

C.IthaswonavictoryoverApple'sapproach.

D.Itledtolowerprofitsandfiercecompetition.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.事实细节题。A项“台式电脑占据主流”，文章第一段提到“Todaytheexcitementhasmovedtomobiledevices,alsoknownassmartphones.今天，这种兴奋已经转移到移动设备上，也被称为智能手机。”可推断A不正确；C项“软件制造商已经取代了硬件制造商”文章第二段提到“Softwaremakersaredreamingupnewwaystousemachinesthateventheircreatorscouldnothaveimagined.软件制造商正在想出新的方法来使用机器，即使是他们的创造者也无法想象。”可推断软件制造商并非取代硬件制造商，故C不正确；D项“市场领导者不愿意市场演变”文中并未提及；B项“存在着激烈的技术竞争”，文章第二段中列举的“smallerdeviceisdisplacingabiggerone。更小的设备正在取代更大的设备”及文中提到“苹果电脑的失败”可推断市场存在激烈的技术竞争”，故此处选B项。

2.事实细节题。A项“采用Windows3.0系统”，B项“是Windows3.0的替代品”，文章第三段提到“IttookMicrosoftsixyearstocomeupwithsomethingthatcouldcomparetotheMac,intheformofWindows3.0.微软花了六年时间才研发出与Mac相比Windows3.0系统”可推断先有Mac后有Windows3.0，故A项和B项不正确；D项“是现在最流行的电脑系统”，文章第三段提到“Windowstookovertheworldandnowholdsmorethan90percentmarketshare,whileApplesqueaksbywithlessthan5percentworldwide.Windows占据了全球90%以上的市场份额，而苹果在全球市场的份额不到5%。”可推断Mac并非目前最受欢迎的电脑系统，同时可推断C项“不如Windows系统受欢迎”符合题意，故选C。

3.事实细节题。A项“苹果手机占有最大的份额”，B项“iPhone的软件平台已经过时了”，C项“诺基亚在平台上超过苹果”，D项“iPhone仍然在软件上保持领先”。文章第四段提到“...twoandahalfyearslater,nothingcanbeatit.两年半后，没有其他东西能打败它（即苹果手机）”，“NokiaandResearchinMotionstillholdagreatershareofthesmartphonemarketthanAppledoes,buttheiragingsoftwareplatformslookobsoletenexttoApple's.诺基亚和黑莓手机公司仍比苹果公司拥有更多的智能手机市场份额，尽管它们老化的软件平台看起来比苹果过时。”可推断D项正确，其他三项均不正确，故选D。

4.事实细节题。A项“Mac的发布完全失败了”，在文中并未提及；C项“其他公司可以授权其软件”，这是微软公司的方式；D项“微软对客户没有保证”，文章倒数第二段提到“Inhismind,thisistheonlywaytoguaranteethatyou'llgivecustomersaterrificexperience.在史蒂夫•乔布斯的心中，软件与硬件的结合是保证给消费者极好体验的唯一方法”，并未提及微软，此项是对该句的曲解，故不正确；B项“软件和硬件必须结合在一起”，文章倒数第二段提到“Thethingis,AppleCEOSteveJobsisacontrolfreakwhobelievesinkeepingthesoftwaretightlycoupledtothehardware.…苹果首席执行官史蒂夫•乔布斯是一个控制狂，他认为软件与硬件要紧密结合”可推断B项符合题意，故选B。

5.判断推理题。A项“Windows操作系统是免费的”，文章最后一段提到“Microsofttooktheoppositeapproach,lettinganyPCmakerlicensetheWindowsoperatingsystem.微软采取了相反的方法，即通过许可允许任何PC制造商使用Windows操作系统”中“许可”一般会产生费用，故A不正确；B项“不考虑用户的体验”，文章最后一段提到“There'satradeoffhereMicrosoftcouldn'tcontroltheuser'sexperience.微软无法控制用户的体验，这是一种权衡”，该选项是对本句的曲解，故不正确。D项“导致利润降低和激烈竞争”，其中“lowerprofits”在文中并未提及，故不正确；C项“它（即微软公司通过许可允许其他公司使用自己软件的方法）战胜了苹果公司的方法”文中第三段提到“Windowstookovertheworldandnowholdsmorethan90percentmarketshare,whileApplesqueaksbywithlessthan5percentworldwide.Windows占据了全球90%以上的市场份额，而苹果在全球市场的份额不到5%”可推断C项正确，故选C。

8.单选题

IpassedalltheothercoursesthatItookatmyuniversity,butIcouldhaveneverpassedbotany.Thiswasbecauseallbotanystudentshadtospendseveralhoursaweekinalaboratorylookingthroughamicroscopeatplantcells,andIcouldneveronceseeacellthroughamicroscope.Thisusedtoenragemyinstructor.Hewouldwanderaroundthelaboratorypleasedwiththeprogressallthestudentsweremakingindrawingthestructureofflowercells,untilhecametome.Iwouldjustbestandingthere.“Ican’tseeanything”Iwouldsay.Hewouldbeginpatientlyenough,explaininghowanybodycanseethroughamicroscope,buthewouldalwaysendupinafury,claimingthatIcould,too,seethroughamicroscopebutjustpretendedthatIcouldn’t.“Ittakesawayfromthebeautyofflowersanyway.”Iusedtotellhim.“Wearenotconcernedwithbeautyinthiscourse，”hewouldsay.“WeareconcernedsolelywithwhatImaycallthemechanicsofflowers.”“Well,”I’dsay,“Ican’tseeanything”“Tryitjustonceagain,”he’dsay,andIwouldputmyeyetothemicroscopeandseenothingatall,exceptnowandagainanebulousmilkysubstance—aphenomenonofmaladjustment.Youweresupposedtoseeavivid,restlessclockworkofsharplydefinedplantcells.“Iseewhatlookslikealotofmilk，”Iwouldtellhim.This,heclaimed,wastheresultofmynothavingadjustedthemicroscopeproperly,sohewouldreadjustitforme,orrather,forhimself.AndIwouldlookagainandseemilk.

Ifinallytookadeferredpass,astheycalledit,andwaitedayearandtriedagain.(Youhadtopassoneofthebiologicalsciencesoryoucouldn’tgraduate.)Theprofessorhadcomebackfromvacationbrownasaberry,bright-eyedandeagertoexplaincell-structureagaintohisclasses.“Well,”Hesaidtome,cheerily,whenwemetinthefirstlaboratoryhourofthesemester,“We’regoingtoseecellsthistime,aren’twe?”“Yes,sir，’’Isaid.Studentstotherightofmeandtotheleftofmeandinfrontofmewereseeingcells;what’smore,theywerequietlydrawingpicturesofthemintheirnotebooks,Ofcourse,Ididn’tseeanything.

“We’lltryit,theprofessorsaidtomegrimly,“witheveryadjustmentofthemicroscopeknowntoman.AsGodismywitness.I’llarrangethisglasssothatyouseecellsthroughitorI’llgiveupteaching.Intwenty-twoyearsofbotany,I···”Hecutoffabruptlyforhewasbeginningtoquiverallover,likeLionelBarrymore,andhegenuinelywishedtoholdontohistemper;hissceneswithmehadtakenagreatdealoutofhim.

So,wetrieditwitheveryadjustmentofthem