考研考博-英语-宁波大学考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宁波大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Peopleweresurprisedtofindthathehadtheabilityto（）everythinghewasinvolvedin.

问题1选项

A.precede

B.dominate

C.pervade

D.denominate

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项precede“领先，在……之前”，指在次序或地位上先于或高于；B项dominate“控制，支配”，指施加决定性、引导性影响于……；C项pervade“遍及，弥漫”，D项denominate“为……命名；把……称作……”。句意：人们惊讶地发现，他有能力支配他所参与的一切。根据句意，该题选B正确。

2.单选题

Thiscountrycouldhaveasmanyas10millioncasesofAIDSin2011ifthe（

）isnottakenseriously.

问题1选项

A.equivalent

B.epidemic

C.eruption

D.episode

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。equivalent意为“相等的东西，等量”；epidemic意为“流行病”；eruption意为“喷发，爆发”；episode意为“插曲”。

句意：如果不认真对待该国的疫情，到2011年，该国可能会有多达1000万的艾滋病人。

3.单选题

Livinginclose______toone’sneighborscanbecozyandcomforting,butlivingontopofoneanothercanbesuffocating.

问题1选项

A.homogeneity

B.proximity

C.lingering

D.access

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。A项homogeneity“同质，同种”，B项proximity“接近”，C项lingering“拖延的，迟迟不结束的”，D项access“通道，进入，机会”。根据but可知，前后句子为转折，由后面的butlivingontopofoneanothercanbesuffocating（但是住在一个邻居的上面可能会令人窒息）对比可知，前面空格处应该表示“住在邻居隔壁”，B项符合。句意：住得离邻居很近是很舒适的，但是住在一个邻居的上面可能会令人窒息。因此，该题选择B项。

4.单选题

Oneroomschools,withallsubjectsbeingtaughttoallgradesatthesametime,simply_____whenbettertransportationpermitsspecializedspacesandspecializedteaching.

问题1选项

A.resolved

B.absolved

C.dissolved

D.solved

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近动词辨析。resolve“解决；决心要”；absolve“免除，赦免”；dissolve“溶解；解散”；solve“解决”。句意：只有一间教室的学校，所有科目同时教授给所有年级的学生，当更好的交通条件允许有专门的空间和专门的教学时，就简单地……。这里用“解散”更符合句意，因此C选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Thecurrentgeneralslacknessofthemarkethaspreventedusfrom（）neworderswithyou.

问题1选项

A.placing

B.putting

C.arranging

D.providing

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。根据题意和选项可知本题考查固定搭配placeorderwithsb.“向某人发出订单”，因此选项B、C、D均不符合题意，选项A为正确选项。句意：目前市场普遍不景气，使我们无法向贵方下新订单。

6.填空题

Inthe8thcenturygigakufellintodisfavorbecauseitsfrivolous(愚蠢的)character________theJapaneserulersoftheperiod.(please)

【答案】displeased

【解析】【考查点】动词。

【解题思路】because引导原因状语从句，横线处为谓语动词。根据时间8thcentury，可知句子时态为一般过去时。这里指的是伎乐愚蠢可笑的特点让统治者______，因此伎乐不受欢迎，displease的意思为“使恼怒，使生气，使不悦”，符合语境，其过去式为displeased。

【句意】在8世纪，伎乐因其愚蠢可笑的特点，当时的日本统治者听了不悦，因此不受欢迎。

7.单选题

Theactivists’energeticworkintheserviceofbothwomansuffrageandthetemperancemovementinthelatenineteenthcentury______theassertionthatthetwomovementswereinimical.

问题1选项

A.diffuses

B.undermines

C.supports

D.underscores

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项diffuse“扩散，传播”，B项undermine“逐渐削弱（信心、权威等），渐渐破坏”，C项support“支持，帮助，支撑”，D项underscore“强调，划线于……下”。根据句子可知，句子缺少一个谓语动词，由Theactivists’energeticworkintheserviceofbothwomansuffrageandthetemperancemovement（积极分子为妇女选举权和禁酒运动所做的积极工作）和theassertionthatthetwomovementswereinimical（这两个运动是敌对的断言）可判断，这两者的关系是“削弱”，B项符合。句意：19世纪晚期，积极分子为妇女选举权和禁酒运动所做的积极工作削弱了这两个运动是敌对的论断。因此，该题选择B项。

8.翻译题

Happinessisabyproductofsomethingelse.Themostobvioussourcesarethosepursuitsthatgiveourlivespurpose—anythingfromstudyinginsectstoplayingbaseball.Themorepassionswehave,themorehappinesswearelikelytoexperience.Finally,thebeliefthatsomethingpermanenttranscendsusandthatourexistencehassomelargermeaningcanhelpusbehappier.Weneedaspiritualfaith,oraphilosophyoflife.Whateveryourphilosophy,itshouldincludethistruism:ifyouchoosetofindtheawful,youwillbecursed.Aswithhappinessitself,thisislargelyyourdecisiontomake.

【答案】幸福是由其他东西附带来的。最明显的来源就是那些赋予我们生活以目的的追求——从研究昆虫到打棒球都是。我们感兴趣的事情越多，我们就越能感受到幸福。最终，相信某种永恒的东西可以超越我们，相信我们的存在有更大的意义，这样的信念可以使我们更快乐。我们需要一种精神信仰，或者说一种生活哲学。无论你的哲学是什么，它都应该包含这样一个不言自明的道理：如果你选择寻找可怕的东西，那么你将会被诅咒。就像幸福本身一样，这在很大程度上取决于你的决定。

9.单选题

Youdon’thavetoinstallthisradioinyournewcar,it’san（

）extra.

问题1选项

A.excessive

B.optional

C.additional

D.arbitrary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析题。A选项excessive“过多的，过分的，额外的”；B选项optional“可选择的，随意的”；C选项additional“另外的，附加的，额外的”；D选项arbitrary“任意的，武断的，独裁的”。句意：你不一定非得在新车上安装收音机，它是可选的配件。结合此处语义，B选项正确。

10.单选题

Hespentmuchofhislifetime,studyingthediseaseofcattle,chickensandother（）animals.

问题1选项

A.domestic

B.wild

C.tamed

D.fierce

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他花费其一生的大部分时间研究牛，鸡和其他家禽的疾病。

考查形容词辨析。domestic国内的，家畜的；wild野生的；tame驯服的，养服的;fierce激烈的，猛烈的。因此A项符合句意。

11.单选题

Inmanaginginformationresources,themediummaybethekeytoaneffectivesystem.Themediumisavehicle,atool,oracontainerforholdinginformation;theinformationitselfisthethingofvalue.

Threepopularcategoriesofinformationmediaarepaper,film，andelectronicstoragedevices.Themediachoicemustnotbeviewedasachoiceamongthesethree,however;itmustbeviewedasanopportunitytoselectfromamultitudeofmediapossibilitiesincombinationsthatbuildeffectivesystems.Inmanyinstancesthepersonresponsibleforinformation-resourcemanagementisnotthepersonwhodeterminesthemediuminwhichinformationwillbecreated.Insuchacase,themanagerofafirm’sinformationresourcesfacesachallengeinmakingasignificantcontributiontotheorganization’sobjectives.

Foreffectivemanagementofinformationresources,mediaconversionmaybenecessary.Examplesincludekeyingorscanningpaperdocumentstoconvertthemtoelectronicmedia.Otherprocessesconvertelectronicmediafromoneformattoanother.Forexample,diskfilescreatedononesystemmaynotbecompatiblewithanothersystem.Varioushardwareandsoftwarecombinationscanbeusedtoconvertfilestoformatsthatequipmentwillaccept.Forinformationgeneratedwithinorganizations,thisnecessityofmakingsystemscompatiblemaybeeliminatedbycooperativeplanning.However,verylittlecontrolcanbeexercisedoverthemediausedtogenerateinformationthatcomestoyourorganizationfromtheoutside.

Themediumforinformationmaybeselectedtosatisfyaneedthatexistswheninformationiscreatedandcommunicated.Forexample,apaperrecordmaybecreatedbecauseofitsportabilityandbecausenospecialequipmentisnecessaryforlaterreferencestothatinformation;electronictransmissionmaybeselectedbecauseitisthefastestmeansofcommunicatinginformation.Afirmmayuseelectronicmailbecauseanetworkalreadyexistsforon-linecomputercommunication.Theadditionalapplicationmaycostlessthanpostagetomailpapermemo.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?

2.Thefirstparagraphaimsattellingthereader（）

3.Accordingtotheauthor,（）

4.Foreffectivemanagementofinformationresources,themanagershould（）

5.Themainideaofthelastparagraphis（）

问题1选项

A.MediaSelectioninManagingInformationResources.

B.TheImportanceandNecessityofMediaConversion.

C.ThreeCategoriesofInformationMedia.

D.VariousMeansofCommunicatingInformation.

问题2选项

A.theimportanceofinformationresourcesmanagement

B.therelationshipbetweenthemediumandinformation

C.thegreatvarietyofmediaforholdinginformation

D.thenumerousresourcesofinformation

问题3选项

A.paperisthebeststoragedevice

B.peoplehavethreechoicesinselectinginformationmedium

C.itisbettertoletthepersonresponsibleforinformation-resourcemanagementdeterminethemedium

D.themanagershouldbuildaneffectivesystembyselectingagoodcombinationofdifferentmedia

问题4选项

A.convertallpaperdocumentstoelectronicmedia

B.makemediaconversionwhennecessary

C.controlthemediausedtogenerateinformationbothinsideandoutsidehisorganization

D.useoneformatinprocessinginformation

问题5选项

A.paperrecordisthemostconvenientmediumforlaterreference

B.electronicmailcostslessthanpostagetomailpapermemos

C.differentmediaforinformationmaybeselectedfordifferentpurposes

D.byusingdifferentmedia，afirmcancreatevariousinformationforitsobjectives

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文主要是讲信息资源管理中的媒介选择。选项A正确，其余选项都是片面的观点。

2.细节事实题。根据第一段的内容可知：媒介是一种承载信息的载体、工具或容器；信息本身就是有价值的东西。所以本段主要是讲媒体与信息之间的关系。选项B正确。

3.细节事实题。根据第二段的第二句“Themediachoice...thatbuildeffectivesystems.”媒体的选择不能被视为这三种选择之一；它必须被视为一个机会，从众多的媒体选择的可能性组合，以建立有效的系统。选项D符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据第三段的第一句“Foreffectivemanagementofinformationresources,mediaconversionmaybenecessary.”为了有效地管理信息资源，可能需要进行媒体转换。选项B符合原文。

5.主旨大意题。根据最后一段的第一句“Themediumforinformationmaybeselectedtosatisfyaneedthatexistswheninformationiscreatedandcommunicated.”信息媒体可能被选择，以满足在创建和传播信息时存在的需要。也就是说不同信息媒体的选择是出于不同的目的。选项C符合原文。

12.单选题

TherebirthofJapanfromtheruinsofWorldWarIIanditsracetotheyear2000isthethemeofRobertGuilian’snewbookTheJapaneseChallenge.Indevelopingthisprovocativesubject,hehasproduced,practically,amanualthatwillbeextremelyhelpfultoanyonedoingbusinesswiththeJapanese.Itisparticularlyrecommendedforthefirst-timevisitortotheLandoftheRisingSun.

TheanalysisoftheadvanceofmodernJapanoverthepast100yearssincetheMeijieragivesamostpenetratinginsightintothebackgroundandforcesthathavebroughtthisfascinatingcountrytowhereshenowisthethirdeconomicpowerintheworlD.WillJapanbecomenumberonebytheyear2000?ThisisthecontroversialquestionGuilianattemptstoanswer,andwhiledoingsounfoldsacompositechronicleofthefactorsthathavecontributedtoJapan'samazinggrowthoverthepasttwentyyears,andthatwillsupportthedrivetowardtheobjectivesofthenextthirtyyears.

Mr.GuilianistheFarEasternrepresentativeofLeMonde,andexhibitsanintimateknowledgeoftheJapanesepeopleandthereasonsfortheirfanaticaldevotiontothedoctrineofthepasttwodecades;economicgrowthaboveallelse.However,itfailstogivefullrecognitiontorecenteventsthattendstoquestiontheeasewithwhichtheracewillberunintheeightiesandnineties.Japanisgoingthroughanevolution.WereadincurrentnewspapersabouttheJapanesehousewifeforsakinghertraditionalimageofdocility,andobjectingtoprices,quality,andservice.TheJapaneseworker,whoisbecomingmoreoffbeathasreachedthepointwherehenolongerwantstoacceptalowstandardofliving;evenJapaneseengineershavenowbeenorganizedintocollectivebargaininggroups.Japaniscaughtupinthespiralofwagesrisingmorerapidlythanproductivity,andJapanoftheManagersfacesseveretestastowhetheraneconomicslowdownwillprevailortheracewillcontinueatthesameunabatedpace.

Mr.GuilianexplainshowtheGovernmentoftheManagershasreplacedtheGovernmentoftheGenerals,andhasbeenabletomaintainthenationalpolicyofindustrialexpansionandachieved"greatnesswithoutthebomb.”TheManagersareconvincedthatinthefuturetheonlyrealpowerwillbeeconomicpower,andthatJapancannotwasteitsstrengthinmilitarybattlesorarmamentraces.

Hecreditstheleadersoftheeconomywithearlyrecognitionofthefactthatwewillbebilgedtoliveinaworldthathasbeenradicallychangedbytherevolutionofthehighlyscientificindustriessuchasthepetrochemicalfieldandtheyquicklydevotedtheresourcescededforexpansioninthesecapital-hungryindustries.

HedelvesintothedaringandunorthodoxfinancialmethodsusedbytheManagersandtheadventurousspiritofthebankerswhoarebackedbytheBankofJapan.Thesepoliciessupportedtherapidacquisitionofthelatestpatents,processes,andequipment,andthebuildingofthemostmodernfactoriesandplant.Thishasresultedinleadershipinmanysegmentsofindustrysuchasjournalism,masstourism,transportation,steel,ship-building,electronics,television,radio,cameras,watches,plastics,motorcycles,andperhapsonthehorizon”automobiles.ItisinterestingtouschemicalengineersandchemiststhatMr.Guilianreferstohugeethyleneproductioncenterswiththeirenormoustowersandmetalspheresas"thenewshrinesoftheJapanoftheyear2000,theprodigioustemplesofthegodindustry.”

TheJapaneseChallengeisrecommendedreadingforthoseseekinganunderstandingofJapan,itshistory,politics,foreignpolicy,defensestrategy,relationswithRedChinaandRussia,Zaikai(bigbusinessgroups),financialinstitutions,tradingcompaniesmanagersunions,educationalstandards,wagestructure,technologicaldevelopments,andthepeoplethemselvesthatkeepthe"bicycleeconomy"pressingonwardintheeconomicrace.

1.Thisarticle（）.

2.Thereviewer'sattitudetowardsthebookis（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthorofthisarticle（）.

4.Accordingtothewriterofthebookthegreatnesswithoutbombwillbeachieved（）.

5.Whatisprobablymeantby“bicycleeconomy”?

问题1选项

A.iswrittenbyRobertGuilian.

B.iswrittenbyMartinM.Ramer.

C.istranslatedfromFrenchbyPatrickO'Brian.

D.iswrittenbyRobertGuilian,translatedbyPatrickO5BrianandreviewedbyMartinM.Ramer.

问题2选项

A.skeptical

B.doubtful

C.thatofapproval

D.indifferent

问题3选项

A.productivityinJapanisdevelopingmorequicklythanthewageraise

B.thewageraiseandproductivityaredevelopingatthesamespeed.

C.thewageraisesurpassestheproductiongrowth.

D.economicdevelopmentwillseeaslowdowninthefutureinJapan.

问题4选项

A.througheconomicdevelopmentattheexpenseofarmament

B.througheconomicdevelopmentinaccordancewitharmament

C.throughthereplacementofthemilitarygovernmentbythegovernmentofmanagers

D.throughtheimplementationofcorrectpolicyineconomicdevelopment

问题5选项

A.thedevelopmentofbicycleindustry

B.keepingthebalanceintheeconomicrace

C.forgingaheadintheeconomicrace

D.independenceandself-relianceineconomicdevelopment

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。通过题干关键词定位到原文第一句“TherebirthofJapanfromtheruinsofWorldWarIIanditsracetotheyear2000isthethemeofRobertGuilian’snewbookTheJapaneseChallenge.”中文翻译：日本从第二次世界大战废墟中的重生及其到2000年的竞赛，这是罗伯特•吉利安新书《日本的挑战》的主题。因此答案为选项A。

2.观点态度题。通过题干定位到原文最后一段“TheJapaneseChallengeisrecommendedreadingforthoseseekinganunderstandingof...”，中文翻译：对于那些寻求理解……的人，《日本的挑战》推荐阅读。可知最佳答案为C选项。

3.细节事实题。根据选项内容定位到文章“Japaniscaughtupinthespiralofwagesrisingmorerapidlythanproductivity.”，中文翻译：日本正处于工资增长速度超过生产率的螺旋上升中。可知答案选择C“工资增长超过了生产增长”。

4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词greatnesswithoutthebomb定位到文章Mr.GuilianexplainshowtheGovernmentoftheManagershasreplacedtheGovernmentoftheGenerals,andhasbeenabletomaintainthenationalpolicyofindustrialexpansionandachieved"greatnesswithoutthebomb.”TheManagersareconvincedthatinthefuturetheonlyrealpowerwillbeeconomicpower,andthatJapancannot,wasteitsstrengthinmilitarybattlesorarmamentraces。中文翻译为：吉利安先生解释了管理人的政府是如何取代将军政府的，以及如何能一直维持国家的工业扩张政策，实现“没有战争的伟大”。管理者们相信，未来唯一的真正实力将是经济实力，日本不能在军事战争或军备竞赛中浪费自己的力量。可知，D项符合题目描述。

5.词义猜测题。根据题干可定位到原文“thepeoplethemselvesthatkeepthe‘bicycleeconomy’pressingonwardintheeconomicrace.”中文翻译为：那些在经济竞赛中继续推动“自行车经济”奋力向前的人。综合可知。C选项为正确答案。

13.单选题

（）isoneofthemostusefulandfascinatingdivisionsofhumanknowledgeiswidelyaccepted.

问题1选项

A.Thatmathematics

B.Whatmathematics

C.Wheremathematics

D.Mathematics

【答案】A

【解析】考查主语从句。_______isoneofthemostusefulandfascinatingdivisionsofhumanknowledge充当主句的主语，选项中的mathematics是主语从句的主语。所以前面的主语从句完整不缺成分，只有that引导主语从句，在主语从句中不做成分，且不能省略。句意：数学是人类知识中最有用、最迷人的部分之一，这一点已被广泛接受。所以本题的正确答案是A选项。

14.单选题

Veryfewpeopleunderstoodhislecture,thesubjectofwhichwasvery______.

问题1选项

A.dim

B.obscure

C.conspicuous

D.intelligible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项dim“暗淡的，昏暗的；模糊的，看不清的；悲观的，怀疑的”；B选项obscure“昏暗的，朦胧的；晦涩的，不清楚的；隐蔽的；不著名的，无名的”；C选项conspicuous“显著的；显而易见的”；D选项intelligible“可理解的；明了的；仅能用智力了解的”。句意：很少有人听懂他的演讲，因为他的主题晦涩难懂。因此B选项正确。

15.单选题

AsmoreandmoreAfricanAmericansmovedawayfromsegregatedhousing,theyhadlessconnectiontothevernacularandmoreoccasiontospeakstandardAmericanEnglish.

问题1选项

A.restricted

B.isolated

C.outdated

D.exhausted

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.restricted限制，限定（数量、范围等）B.isolated（使）隔离，孤立

C.outdated（新东西）使过时D.exhausted使筋疲力尽

【答案】B

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】segregated的意思为“隔离并区别对待（不同种族、宗教或性别的人）”，这里指的是这些房屋和其他地方是隔离开的，非裔美国人就住在这片区域，isolated与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】随着越来越多的非裔美国人搬离被隔开的住房，他们与当地方言的联系越来越少，在更多场合中说标准的美式英语。

16.单选题

Thepapergaveaclear______ofthetheoryofrelativity.

问题1选项

A.exposition

B.exposure

C.composition

D.demonstration

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项exposition“博览会；阐述”，B项exposure“暴露，曝光”，C项composition“作文，作曲，作品”，D项demonstration“示范，证明，示威游行”。根据关键词paper“论文”和thetheoryofrelativity“相对论”可知，ademonstrationof“证明”符合语境。句意：这篇论文对相对论作了明确的论证。因此，该题选择D项正确。

17.翻译题

Theaveragepersonseestensofthousandsofimagesaday--imagesontelevision,innewspapersandmagazines,andonthesidesofbuses.ImagesalsogracesodacansandT-shirts,andInternetsearchenginescaninstantlyprocureimagesforanywordyoutype.Today,anyonewithadigitcameraandaPCcanproduceandalteranimage.Asaresult,thepoweroftheimagehasbeendilutedinonesense,butstrengthenedinanother.Ithasbeendilutebytheubiquityofimagesandthemanypopulartechnologiesthatgivealmosteveryonethepowertocreate,distort,andtransitimages.Butithasbeenstrengthenedbythegradualsurrenderoftheprintedwordtopictures.

Weloveimagesandthedemocratizingpoweroftechnologiesthatgiveusthecapabilitytomakeandmanipulateimages.Whatwearelesseagertoconsiderarebroaderculturaleffectsofasocietydevotedtotheimage.Historianshaveexploredthestoryofmankind’smovementfromanoral-basedculturetoawrittenculture,andlatertoaprintedone.Butinthepastseveraldecades,wehavebeguntomovefromaculturebasedontheprintedwordtoonebasedlargelyonimages.Inmakingimagesratherthantextsourguide,areweopeningupnewvistasforunderstandingandexpression,creatinganewformofcommunicationthatis“betterthanprint,”assomescholarshaveargued?Orarewemerelymakingapeculiarandunwelcomereturntoformsofcommunicationonceascendantinpreliteratesocieties?Twothingsinparticularareatstakeinourcontemporaryconfrontationwithanimage-basedculture.First,technologyhasconsiderablyunderminedourabilitytotrustwhatwesee,yetwehavenotadequatelygrappledwiththeeffectsofthisonournotionsoftruth.Second,ifweareindeedmovingfromtheeraoftheprintedwordtoaneradominatedbytheimage,whatimpactwillthishaveonculture?

【答案】普通人每天会在电视上、报纸上、杂志上和公交车上看到成千上万的图像。汽水罐和T恤上也有图像，互联网搜索引擎可以立即为你输入的任何单词获取图像。今天，任何人只要有一台数码相机和一台电脑就可以制作和修改图像。因此，形象的力量在某种意义上被稀释了，但在另一种意义上被加强了。它已经被无处不在的图像和许多流行的技术冲淡了，这些技术几乎给了每个人创造、扭曲和传送图像的能力。但印刷文字逐渐向图片屈服，使其更加强大。

我们喜欢图像，也喜欢技术的民主化，它让我们有能力制作和处理图像。我们不太愿意考虑的是一个致力于这一形象的社会所产生的更广泛的文化影响。历史学家探索了人类从口述文化到书面文化，再到印刷文化的发展历程。但在过去的几十年里，我们已经开始从一种基于印刷文字的文化转向一种主要基于图像的文化。让图像而非文本成为我们的向导，我们是否为理解和表达开辟了新的前景，创造了一种正如一些学者所说的“比印刷更好”的交流新形式？或者，我们仅仅是在以一种奇特的、不受欢迎的方式回归到曾经在文字出现前的社会中盛行的交流方式？在我们当代与以形象为基础的文化的对抗中，尤其有两件事会处于危险之中。首先，技术大大削弱了我们相信所见事物的能力，但我们还没有充分应对这对我们的真理观念所产生的影响。第二，如果我们真的从印刷文字的时代进入了一个以图像为主导的时代，这将对文化产生怎样的影响?

18.单选题

TheannualPhiDeltaKappa/GalluppollofattitudestowardspubliceducationreleasedthisweekfoundthatamajorityofAmericansfeelitisimportanttoputa“qualified,competentteacherineveryclassroom”.BobChase,presidentoftheNationalEducationAssociation（NEA.,themainteachers’union,wastednotimeinpointingoutthatthiswillrequireraisingteachers’salariessothatmorequalifiedcandidateswillentertheprofessionandstaythere.AstudybytwoeconomistssuggeststhatthequalityofAmerica’steachershasmoretodowithhowtheyarepaidratherthanhowmuch.

ThepayofAmericanpublicschoolteachersisnotbasedonanymeasureofperformanceinstead,itisdeterminedbyarigidformulabasedonexperienceandyearsofschoolingfactorsmassivelyunimportantindecidinghowwellstudentsdo.Theuniformpayscaleinviteswhateconomistscalladverseselection.Sincethemosttalentedteachersarealsolikelytobegoodatotherprofessions,theyhaveastrongincentivetoleaveeducationforjobsinwhichpayismorecloselylinkedtoproductivity.Fordullards（笨蛋），theincentivesarejusttheopposite.Thedataarestriking:whentestscoresareusedasaproxy（代替物）forability,thebrightestindividualsshuntheteachingprofessionateveryjuncture.Cleverstudentsaretheleastlikelytochooseeducationasamajoratuniversity.

Amongstudentswhodomajorineducation,thosewithhighertestscoresarelesslikelytobecometeachers.Andamongindividualswhoenterteaching,thosewiththehighesttestscoresarethemostlikelytoleavetheprofessionearly.Thestudytakesintoconsiderationtheeffectsofanationwide20%realincreaseinteachersalariesduringthe1980s.Itconcludesthatithadnoappreciableeffectonoverallteacherquality,inlargepartbecauseschoolsdoapoorjobofrecruitingandselectingthebestteachers.Also,evenifhighersalariesluremorequalifiedcandidatesintotheprofession,theoveralleffectonqualitymaybeoffsetbymediocreteacherswhochoosetopostponeretirement.

Thestudyalsotakesaimatteachertraining.Everystaterequiresthatteachersbelicensed,aprocessthatcaninvolveuptotwoyearsofeducationclasses,evenforthosewhohaveauniversitydegreeoragraduatedegreeinthefieldtheywouldliketoteach.Inevitably,thissystemdoeslittletolureingraduatesoftopuniversitiesorprofessionalswhowouldliketoenterteachingatmid-career.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thereasonwhycleverstudentsrefusetoentertheteachingprofessionisthat（）.

3.“Thedataarestriking:when...thebrightestindividualsshuntheteachingprofessionateveryjuncture”（inParagraph2）meansthat（）.

4.Increaseinteachersalariesdidnotturnoutsoeffectivemainlybecause（）.

5.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat（）.

问题1选项

A.NEAisthelargestsocietyforteachers.

B.ThepayofAmericanteachersisbasedontheirperformance.

C.SometeachersintheU.S.arenotqualifiedenough.

D.Howmuchtheteachersarepaidisthemostimportantfactor.

问题2选项

A.itofferslowpay.

B.theyhaveinterestinotherprofessions.

C.itdoesnotvalueproductivity

D.itusespoorrecruitingstrategies

问题3选项

A.studentsdoingwellinstudyarewillingtotaketeachingasacareer

B.studentsdoingwellinstudycan’tavoidchoosingteachingasacareer

C.studentsdoingwellinstudyarereluctanttobeteachers

D.studentsdoingwellinstudyarenotreluctanttobeteachers

问题4选项

A.schoolsdidapoorjobofchoosingteachers

B.mediocreteachersalwayspostponeretirement

C.thesalarieswerenotattractiveenough

D.teachersdidn’thaveequalopportunities

问题5选项

A.trainingisnecessaryforthosewhowanttobecomeagoodteacher

B.thosewhowanttobecometeachersintheU.S.havetobelicensed

C.manygraduatesoftopuniversitieswouldliketoenterteaching

D.thereisannualincreaseinteachersalariesintheU.S.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段第二句话提到NEA,themainteacher’sunion，由此可知选项A的说法是错误的，可以排除；文章第二段第一句话thepayofAmericanpublicschoolteachersisnotbasedonanymeasureofperformance，由此可知选项B说法错误，可以排除；文章第一段最后一句话提到America’steachershasmoretodowithhowtheyarepaidratherthanhowmuch，由此可知选项D说法错误，可以排除。综上，选项C符合题意。

2.判断推理题。文章第二段提到有才华的老师可能擅长其他领域的职业，所以他们有强烈的动机离开教育行业，转而从事其他那些薪酬与生产效率挂钩的工作（sincethemosttalentedteachersarealsolikelytobegoodatotherprofessions,theyhaveastrongincentivetoleaveeducationforjobsinwhichpayismorecloselylinkedtoproductivity），这也说明教育行业的薪酬与生产效率无关，所以那些聪明学生并不愿意套入教育领域，选项C符合题意。

3.判断推理题。划线句子的大意是那些最聪明的学生并不愿意踏入教育领域，选项C“那些学习成绩好的学生不愿意成为教师”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。文章第三段提到becauseschoolsdoapoorjobofrecruitingandselectingthebestteachers，因此选项A符合题意。

5.细节事实题。文章倒数第一段提到everystaterequiresthatteachersbelicensed（每个州都要求老师有执照），选项B符合题意。

19.单选题

Violenceinteenagerelationshipsismuchmoreprevalentthanpreviouslythought,withthosefromdisadvantagedbackgroundstwiceaslikelytobeabusedbyviolentpartners.

问题1选项

A.critical

B.widespread

C.fierce

D.brutal

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.critical批评的，批判性的B.widespread普遍的，广泛的

C.fierce凶猛的，凶狠的D.brutal残暴的，兽性的

【答案】B

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】prevalent的意思为“普遍存在的，盛行的”，这里用来形容violence，指的是暴力行为比想象中普遍，widespread与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】青少年关系中的暴力比之前想象的要普遍得多，那些来自弱势背景的人被同伴暴力相对的可能性是其他人的两倍。

20.单选题

Astablesocietyisadelicatebalanceofforces,a（）ofequilibriuminwhichthevariableshavebeenbroughtintotemporarybalance.Toalteronefactoristosetinmotionaseriesofchangesandreadjustmentsthatdependuponalterationsallalongtheline.

问题1选项

A.saturation

B.continuum

C.continuation

D.meltingpoint

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配辨析。A选项saturation“饱和”；B选项continuum“连续体”；C选项continuation“继续”；D选项meltingpoint“熔点”。根据题干内容，acontinuumof连续的，为固定搭配，因此B选项正确。句意：社会稳定源于各种力量的微妙平衡。在这种……的平衡中，可变因素已经得到了暂时的平衡。改变一个因素便会发生一系列改变和调整。因此B选项正确。

21.单选题

Duringtheoilcrisisofthe1970s,manystates（

）speedlimitstoreducegasolineuse.

问题1选项

A.implanted

B.imposed

C.impaired

D.impressed

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。implant“种植；灌输”；impose“强加，征税”；impair“损害；削弱”；impress“盖印；给人留下印象”。句意：在1970石油危机期间，很多州强制限速来减少对石油的消耗。选项B符合题意。

22.单选题

It’suptoyouwhethertobuythatvillaornotbutmyadviceis,beforeyourdecision,youmusthaveit（）.

问题1选项

A.overlooked

B.observed

C.scanned

D.surveyed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项overlooked“忽略”；B选项observed“观察，注意到”；C选项scanned“扫描，细看，浏览”；D选项surveyed“调查”。句意：这完全取决于你是否买那幢别墅了，但我的建议是，在决定之前，你必须仔细检查一下。根据提到的“买别墅”这件事，可知此处应该是建议要好好检查房子，其他选项观察或者调查都不太合适，scan这个动词，有表示仔细检查的意思，因此选项C符合题意。

23.翻译题

1.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese(5marks)

Aswekneltonthecoldgroundandworkedthesoil,gentlyintroducingtheplantsandbulbstotheirnewhome,wealternatelychatteredandgiggledandrememberedquietly.Weplantedtheflowersinaheartshape,sketchedoutinthesnowbyMatsumarasan(松村女士).Itriedtoimaginewhatitmustfeelliketobeher.Tobekneelingonthegroundthatyouoncecalledhome,nowemptyandexposed.Whatitmustfeelliketolookatyourhometownandseemostofitdestroyed.Onlymemoriesremain.

【答案】我们跪在冰冷的土地上，翻动着土壤，边将植物和球茎慢慢地放到它们的新家里，边聊着，笑着，静静地回忆着。我们按着松村女士在雪里大概画出的形状，把花种成了心的形状。我尝试着去想象她会有什么感觉。想象着跪在那片曾经称之为家园，而现在却已荒芜暴露的土地上；想象看着自己的家园大部分已经被被毁，是一种什么感觉。仅剩下回忆。

24.单选题

Anyearthquakethattakesplaceinanyareaiscertainlyregardedasakindofa（）event.

问题1选项

A.cholesterol

B.charcoal

C.catastrophic

D.chronic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。cholesterol胆固醇;charcoal木炭，炭笔：chronic慢性的，长期的；catastrophic灾难的，悲惨的。地震显然是一种自然灾害。故C项正确。句意：在任何地区发生的任何地震都被认为是一种灾难事件。

25.单选题

Plato-whomayhaveunderstoodbetterwhatformsthemindofmanthandosomeofourcontemporarieswhowanttheirch