考研考博-英语-四川长江职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川长江职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Giventhelackoffitbetweengiftedstudentsandtheirschools,itisnotsurprisingthatsuchstudentsoftenhavelittlegoodtosayabouttheirschoolexperience.Inonestudyof400adultswhohadachieveddistinctioninallareasoflife,researchersfoundthatthree-fifthsoftheseindividualseitherdidbadlyinschoolorwereunhappyinschool.FewMaCarthurPrizefellows,winnersoftheMacArthurAwardforcreativeaccomplishment,hadgoodthingstosayabouttheirpre-collegiateschoolingiftheyhadnotbeenplacedinadvancedprograms.Anecdotalreportssupportthis.PabloPicasso,CharlesDarwin,MarkTwain,OliverGoldsmith,andWilliamButlerYeatsalldislikedschool.SodidWinstonChurchill,whoalmostfailedoutofHarrow,aneliteBritishschool.AboutOliverGoldsmith,oneofhisteachersremarked,“Neverwassodullaboy.”Oftenthesechildrenrealizethattheyknowmorethantheirteachers,andtheirteachersoftenfeelthatthesechildrenarearrogant,inattentive,orunmotivated.

Someofthesegiftedpeoplemayhavedonepoorlyinschoolbecausetheirgiftswerenotscholastic.MaybewecanaccountforPicassointhisway.Butmostfaredpoorlyinschoolnotbecausetheylackedabilitybutbecausetheyfoundschoolunchallengingandconsequentlylostinterest.Yeatsdescribedthelackoffitbetweenhismindandschool:“BecauseIhadfounditdifficulttoattendtoanythinglessinterestingthanmyownthoughts,Iwasdifficulttoteach.”Asnotedearlier,giftedchildrenofallkindstendtobestrong-willednonconformists.Nonconformityandstubbornness(andYeats'levelofarroganceandself-absorption)arelikelytoleadtoconflictswithteachers.

Whenhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutwhatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoftheirabilities,theyarefarmorelikelytomentiontheirfamiliesthantheirschoolsorteachers.AwritingprodigystudiedbyDavidFeldmanandLynnGoldsmithwastaughtfarmoreaboutwritingbyhisjournalistfatherthanhisEnglishteacher.High-IQchildreninAustraliastudiedbyMiracaGrosshadmuchmorepositivefeelingsabouttheirfamiliesthantheirschools.AbouthalfofthemathematiciansstudiedbyBenjaminBloomhadlittlegoodtosayaboutschool.Theyalldidwellinschoolandtookhonorsclasseswhenavailable,andsomeskippedgrades.

1.Themainpointtheauthorismakingaboutschoolsisthat（）.

2.TheauthorquotestheremarksofoneofOliverGoldsmith'steachers（）.

3.PabloPicassoislistedamongthemanygiftedchildrenwho（）.

4.Manygiftedpeopleattributedtheirsuccess（）.

5.Therootcauseofmanygiftedstudentshavingbadmemoriesoftheirschoolyearsisthat（）.

问题1选项

A.theyareoftenincapableofcateringtotheneedsoftalentedstudents

B.theyshouldorganizetheirclassesaccordingtothestudents’ability

C.theyshouldsatisfytheneedsofstudentsfromdifferentfamilybackgrounds

D.theyshouldenrollasmanygiftedstudentsaspossible

问题2选项

A.toshowhowpoorOliver’sperformancewasatschool

B.toexplainhowdullstudentscanalsobesuccessful

C.toillustratethestrongwillofsomegiftedchildren

D.toprovidesupportforhisargument

问题3选项

A.paidnoattentiontotheirteachersinclass

B.contradictedtheirteachersmuchtoooften

C.behavedarrogantlyandstubbornlyinthepresenceoftheirteachers

D.couldnotcopewiththeirstudiesatschoolsuccessfully

问题4选项

A.bothtoschoolinstructionandtotheirparentcoaching

B.mainlytoparentalhelpandtheireducationathome

C.lesstotheirsystematiceducationthantotheirtalent

D.moretotheirparents’encouragementthantoschooltraining

问题5选项

A.theywereseldompraisedbytheirteachers

B.theirnonconformitybroughtthemalotoftrouble

C.teacherswereusuallyfarstricterthantheirparents

D.schoolcoursesfailedtoinspireormotivatethem

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“作者关于学校的主要观点是什么？”文章第一段第一句提到“如果有天赋的学生与学校互相不适应，也就不奇怪他们对读书经历没什么好感”（Giventhelackoffitbetweengiftedstudentsandtheirschools,itisnotsurprisingthatsuchstudentsoftenhavelittlegoodtosayabouttheirschoolexperience），选项A“它们经常满足不了有天赋的学生的要求”符合题意。

2.判断推理题。题目问的是“作者引用OliverGoldsmith老师的话的目的是什么？”文章第一段提到如OliverGoldsmith这类有天赋的学生不喜欢学校，接下来列举了他们的学校经历来作证，因此作者引用Oliver老师中的一位的话是为了给自己的论证提供事实支持，选项D符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“像毕加索那样拥有天赋的孩子的特点是什么？”文章第二段第一句提到“这些具有天赋的学生中的一些人在学校可能因为天赋不在学业方面，因此表现很差，比如毕加索”（Someofthesegiftedpeoplemayhavedonepoorlyinschoolbecausetheirgiftswerenotscholastic.MaybewecanaccountforPicassointhisway），因此选项D“无法应对学校里的学习”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“很多有天赋的人将他们的成功归功于……”文章最后一段第一句提到“当谈到能力培养的重要影响因素时，这些天赋极高的人谈论得更多的是他们的家庭而不是学校或者老师”（Whenhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutwhatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoftheirabilities,theyarefarmorelikelytomentiontheirfamiliesthantheirschoolsorteachers），选项B“主要是父母在家里的教育”符合题意。

5.细节事实题。题目问的是“很多有天赋的学生对学校没有好的回忆的根本原因是什么？”文章第二段第三句提到“但是大多数人在学校表现不好，并不是因为他们缺乏能力，而是因为他们觉得学校没有挑战性，因此失去了兴趣”（Butmostfaredpoorlyinschoolnotbecausetheylackedabilitybutbecausetheyfoundschoolunchallengingandconsequentlylostinterest），选项D“学校课程不能鼓励和激发他们的兴趣”符合题意。

2.单选题

Theprofessionfellinto_______,withsomephysicistsstickingtoexistingtheories,whileotherscameupwiththebig-bangtheory.

问题1选项

A.harmony

B.turmoil

C.distortion

D.accord

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项harmony“融洽；和谐；和声”；B选项turmoil“混乱，骚乱”；C选项distortion“曲解；变形，失真”；D选项accord“协议”。句意：这个行业进入_______，一些物理学家坚持现有的理论，而另一些人提出了大爆炸理论。根据语境，大家的观点不一致，turmoil“混乱，骚乱”比较能够形容这个情况，符合题意。因此B选项正确。

3.单选题

Someparents（）educationwithexamsuccess.

问题1选项

A.equal

B.equate

C.equalize

D.equality

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项equal“等于”，B项equate“视为平等”，C项equalize“使相等”，D项名词equality“平等”；句意：有些父母把教育和考试成绩优秀视为一样。因此B选项正确。

4.单选题

Theworkintheofficewas（

）byaconstantstreamofvisitors.

问题1选项

A.confused

B.hampered

C.reversed

D.perplexed

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。confuse“使混乱，使困惑”；hamper“妨碍，束缚”；reverse“颠倒，倒转”；perplex“使……困惑，使……为难”。句意：办公室的工作被接连不断的来访人员妨碍了。选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

Althoughthementalprocessthatcreatesafreshandoriginalpoemordramaisdoubtless（

）thatwhichoriginatesandelaboratesscientificdiscoveries,thereisclearlyadiscernibledifferencebetweenthecreators.

问题1选项

A.peripheralto

B.contiguouswith

C.inconsistentwith

D.analogousto

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。A选项“次要的，不重要的”；B选项“接着的，相邻的，邻近的”；C选项“不一致，不协调”；D选项“类推为，类同为”，根据句首的although和句末的adiscernibledifference以及句子的整体意思‘尽管原创一首诗歌或一部戏剧的心理过程很可能与产生并详细阐述科学发现的心理过程类似，但是在创造者之间显然存在区别’可以推断出答案选项应该为D。

6.单选题

Accordingtotheconditionsofmyscholarship,afterfinishingmydegree（）.

问题1选项

A.myeducationwillbeemployedbytheuniversity

B.employmentwillbegiventomebytheuniversity

C.theuniversitywillemployme

D.Iwillbeemployedbytheuniversity

【答案】D

【解析】考查被动语态。该句强调的对象是“我”，因此主句的主语必须是“我”。句意：根据我奖学金的条件，在结束学习之后，我将被这所大学录用。A选项强调的是“myeducation”；B选项强调的是“employment”；C选项强调的是“theuniversity”；只有D选项强调的是“I”。因此D选项正确。

7.单选题

ChristmasisaChristianholydayusuallycelebratedonDecember25th_______thebirthofJesusChrist.

问题1选项

A.inaccordancewith

B.intermsof

C.infavorof

D.inhonorof

【答案】D

【解析】inaccordancewith根据;intermsof就...而言,关于;infavorof支持,赞同;inhonorof为庆祝,向...致敬。句意：圣诞节是基督教的一个神圣的日子,通常在12月25日庆祝耶稣基督的诞生。选项D符合句意。

8.单选题

Itwasclearthatthestorm（）hisarrivalbytwohours.

问题1选项

A.retarded

B.retired

C.refrained

D.retreated

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项retarded“延迟，阻止，妨碍”；B选项retired“退休，撤退，退却”；C选项refrained“节制，克制”；D选项retreated“撤退，退避”。句意：很明显，暴风雨使他（）了两个小时到达。本句表示的是“暴风雨使他晚到了两小时”，因此A选项符合题意。

9.单选题

His（）brainhasworkedawayontheideaofauniversalcure.

问题1选项

A.rich

B.quick

C.productive

D.fertile

【答案】D

【解析】句意:他脑子很灵,己经想出了一个靠谱的治疗方法。

考查形容词辨析。rich富有的,肥沃的,昂贵的;quick快的,迅速的;productive生产的,多产的,富有成效的；fertile（土地）富饶的，肥沃的；（人的头脑）主意多，有创造力的；能生育的。

10.单选题

TheBenefitsofNewUrbanism

(1)Newurbanismisthemostimportantplanningmovementinthiscentury,andisaboutcreatingabetterfutureforusall.Itisaninternationalmovementtoreformthedesignofthebuiltenvironment,andisaboutraisingourqualityoflifeandstandardoflivingbycreatingbetterplacestolivein.Newurbanismistherevivalofourlostartofplace-making,andisessentiallyare-orderingofthebuiltenvironmentintotheformofcompletecities,towns,villages,andneighborhoods—thewaycommunitieshavebeenbuiltforcenturiesaroundtheworld.Newurbanisminvolvesfixingandinfillingcities,aswellasthecreationofcompactnewtownsandvillages.Thebenefitsofnewurbanismareasfollows:

BenefitstoResidents

(2)Higherqualityoflife;betterplacesinwhichtolive,work,andplay;morestablepropertyvalues;lesstrafficcongestionandlessdriving;healthierlifestylewithmorewalkingandlessstress;closeproximitytomainstreetretailandservices;closeproximitytobiketrail,parks,andnature;pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown,resultinginmeaningfulrelationshipswithmorepeople,andfriendliertown;morefreedomandindependencetochildren,theelderly,andthepoorinbeingabletogettojobsrecreation,andserviceswithouttheneedforacarorsomeonetodrivethem;greatsavingstoresidentsandschoolboardsinreducedbusingcostsfromchildrenbeingabletowalkorbicycletoneighborhoodschools;morediversityandsmaller,uniqueshopsandserviceswithlocalownerswhoareinvolvedincommunity;bigsavingsbydrivingless,andowninglesscars;lessugly,congestedsprawltodealwithdaily;bettersenseofplaceandcommunityidentitywithmoreuniquearchitecture;moreopenspacetoenjoythatwillremainopenspace;moreefficientuseoftaxmoneywithlessspentonutilitiesandroadsusedforthesprawl.

BenefitstoBusinesses

(3)Increasedsalesduetomorefoottrafficandpeoplespendinglessoncarsandgas;moreprofitsduetospendinglessonadvertisingandlargesigns;betterlifestylebylivingnearworkunitssavesthestressfulandcostlycommute;economiesofscaleinmarketingduetocloseproximityandcooperationwithotherlocalbusinessincubation;lowerrentsduetosmallerspacesandsmallerparkinglots;healthierlifestyleduetomorewalkingandbeingnearhealthierrestaurants;morecommunityinvolvementfrombeingpartofcommunityandknowingresidents.

(4)BenefitstoDevelopers.Moreincomepotentialfromhigherdensitymixed-useprojectsduetomoreleasablesquarefootage,moresalespersquarefoot,andhigherpropertyvaluesandsellingprices;fasterapprovalsincommunitiesthathaveadoptedsmartgrowthprinciplesresultingincost/timesayings:costsavingsinparkingfacilitiesinmixed-usepropertiesduetosharingofspacesthroughoutthedayandnight,resultinginlessduplicationinprovidingparking;lessneedforparkingfacilitiesduetomixofresidencesandcommercialuseswithinwalkingdistanceofeachother;lessimpactonroads/traffic,whichcanresultinlowerimpactfees;lowercostofutilitiesduetocompactnatureofnewurbanistdesign;fasterselloutduetogreateracceptancebyconsumersfromawiderproductrangeresultinginwidermarketshare.

BenefitstoMunicipalities

(5)Stable,appreciatingtaxbase;lessspentpercapitaoninfrastructureandutilitiesthantypicalsuburbandevelopmentduetocompacthigh-densitynatureofprojects;increasedtaxbaseduetomorebuildingspackedintoatighterarea;lesstrafficcongestionduetowalkabilityofdesign;lesscrimeandlessmoneyspentonpoliceduetothepresenceofmorepeopledayandnight;betteroverallcommunityimageandsenseofplace;lessincentivetosprawlwhenurbancoreareaisdesirable;easytoinstalltransitwhereit’snot,andimproveitwhereitis;greatercivicinvolvementofpopulationleadingtobettergovernance.

(6)Themosteffectivewaytoimplementnewurbanismittoplanforit,andwriteitintozoninganddevelopmentcodes.Thisdirectsallfuturedevelopmentintothisform.

(7)Increasingly,regionalplanningtechniquesarebeingusedtocontrolandshapegrowthintocompact,high-density,mixed-useneighborhoods,villages,towns,andcities.Planningnewtrainsystems(insteadofmoreroads)deliversthebestresultswhendesignedinharmonywithregionallandplanningknownasTransitOrientedDevelopment(TOD).Atthesametime,therevitalizationofurbanareasdirectsandencouragesinfilldevelopmentbackintocitycenters.

(8)Planningforcompactgrowth,ratherthanlettingitsprawlout,hasthepotentialtogreatlyincreasethequalityoftheenvironment.Italsopreventscongestionproblemsandtheenvironmentaldegradationnormallyassociatedwithgrowth.

(9)Therearesomeobstaclesinimplementationofnewurbanism.Themostimportantobstacletoovercomeistherestrictiveandincorrectzoningcodescurrentlyinforceinmostmunicipalities.Currentcodesdonotallownewurbanismtobebuilt,butdoallowsprawl.

(10)AnequallyimportantobstacleisthecontinuousroadbuildingandexpansiontakingplaceineverycommunityacrossAmerica.Thisencouragesmoredrivingandmoresprawlwhichhasadominoeffectonincreasingtrafficcongestionacrosstheregion.Haltingroadprojectsandbuildingnewtrainsystemcanhelpreversethisproblematictrend.

1.Apedestrianstreetisastreet（）.

2.Accordingtothepassagenewurbanismemphasizes（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingcanBESTsummarizethebenefitsofnewurbanismtoresidents?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

5.Topreservetheenvironment,newurbanismlaysstresson（）.

问题1选项

A.suitableforbicycling

B.suitableforwalking

C.designedforpedals

D.designedforscooters

问题2选项

A.theexpansionofurbanareas

B.theartisticdecorationofnewly-builtbuildings

C.theimprovementofthebuiltenvironment

D.theenvironmentalpreservation

问题3选项

A.Compactnessincivicstructure,conveniencesandeconomiesinlife.

B.Betterrelationshipswithmorepeopleandafriendliertown.

C.Easyshoppingandmoreservicesthatreducebusingcosts.

D.Walkability,healthierlifestyleandmorefreedom.

问题4选项

A.Newurbanismlikestodesignmoreroadsinordertofacilitatethetraffic.

B.Newurbanismfavorsthetransportationwithnewrailwaysystems.

C.Newurbanistplannersopposetopedestrianfriendlydesign.

D.Newurbanistplannersdonotsupporttheinfilldevelopment.

问题5选项

A.thereductionoffactories

B.thesprawlofthecity

C.thelesseningoftrafficjams

D.thecompactgrowthoftheurbanarea

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干关键词“pedestrian”可以定位到文章第二段pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown（行人友好型社区提供了更多的机会去认识邻里和城镇中的其他人），说明pedestrianstreet是对行人友好的社区。因此B选项“适合行走”正确。A选项“适合骑自行车”，C选项“为脚踏车设计”和D选项“为小型摩托车设计”都不是指步行，所以A，C，D错误。

2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Itisaninternationalmovementtoreformthedesignofthebuiltenvironment,andisaboutraisingourqualityoflifeandstandardoflivingbycreatingbetterplacestolivein.（它是一场改革建筑环境设计的国际运动，是通过创造更好的居住场所来提高我们的生活质量和生活水平。），说明新城市主义强调对居住环境的改善。因此C选项“改善建筑环境”正确。A选项“城市地区的扩张”，B选项“新建筑的艺术装饰”和D选项“环境保护”在文中均没有提及，所以A，B，D错误。

3.主旨大意题。根据题干关键词“residents”可以定位到文章第二段，healthierlifestylewithmorewalkingandlessstress（更健康的生活方式，更多的步行和更少的压力）说明新城市主义对居民健康生活方式的好处；pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown（行人友好型社区提供了更多的机会去认识邻里和城镇中的其他人）说明了新城市主义注重人的步行友好性；morefreedomandindependencetochildren,theelderly,andthepoorinbeingabletogettojobsrecreation,andserviceswithouttheneedforacarorsomeonetodrivethem（让孩子、老人和穷人有更多的自由和独立，他们有能力去工作、娱乐和服务，而不需要搭乘汽车或别人给他们开车）说明了新城市主义为居民带来了更多的自由。因此D选项“适合步行，更健康的生活方式和更多的自由。”最能概括新城市主义为居民带来的好处。A选项“城市结构的紧凑，生活的便利和经济”中城市结构的紧凑是对城市的好处，所以A错误。B选项“更好的人际关系和更友好的城市”，C选项“方便的购物和更多的服务，减少巴士费用”都只是对居民带来好处的一部分，不能完整概括新城市主义为居民带来的好处，所以B，C错误。

4.客观细节题。由B选项关键词“railwaysystems”可以定位到文章第七段第二句Planningnewtrainsystems(insteadofmoreroads)deliversthebestresultswhendesignedinharmonywithregionallandplanningknownasTransitOrientedDevelopment.（规划新的铁路系统——而不是更多的道路——如果设计与区域土地规划相协调，就会产生最好的效果。），说明新城市主义注重于新的铁路系统规划。因此B选项“新城市主义用新的铁路系统促进交通。”正确。由A选项关键词“moreroads”可以定位到文章第七段第二句Planningnewtrainsystems(insteadofmoreroads)deliversthebestresults（规划新的铁路系统——而不是修建更多的公路能带来最好的结果），说明新城市主义不主张修建更多的公路。因此A选项“新城市主义喜欢设计更多的道路，以方便交通。”不符合原文。由C选项关键词“pedestrian”可以定位到文章第二段pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown（行人友好型社区提供了更多的机会去认识邻里和城镇中的其他人），说明新城市主义者注重行人友好性。因此C选项“新城市主义规划师反对行人友好的设计。”不符合原文。由D选项关键词“infilldevelopment”可以定位到第七段最后一句Atthesametime,therevitalizationofurbanareasdirectsandencouragesinfilldevelopmentbackintocitycenters.（与此同时，城市地区的振兴引导和鼓励对城市中心的填充式开发。），说明新城市主义者是支持“infilldevelopment”的。因此D选项“新城市主义规划师不支持填充开发。”不符合原文。

5.客观细节题。由题干关键词“environment”可以定位到第八段第一句Planningforcompactgrowth,ratherthanlettingitsprawlout,hasthepotentialtogreatlyincreasethequalityoftheenvironment.（紧凑发展的规划，而不是让它向外扩张，有可能极大地提高环境质量。），说明为了保护环境，新城市主义强调的是紧凑发展的规划。因此D选项“城市区域的紧凑发展”正确。A选项“工厂的减少”，B选项“城市的扩张”和C选项“交通堵塞的减轻”都和保护环境无关，所以A，B，C错误。

11.翻译题

Thepricewepayforthissalutarychangeis,nodoubt,great.Weassemblethousandsofoperativeinthefactory,andinthemine,ofwhomtheemployercanknowlittleornothing,andtowhomheislittlebetterthanamyth.Allintercoursebetweenisatanend.Rigidcastesareformed,and,asusual,mutualignorancebreedsmutualdistrust.Eachcasteiswithoutsympathywiththeother,andreadytocreditanythingdisparaginginregardtoit.36.Underthelawofcompetition,theemployerofthousandsisforcedintothestrictesteconomies,amongwhichtheratespaidtolaborfigureprominently,andoftenthereisfrictionbetweentheemployerandtheemployed,betweencapitalandlabor,betweenrichandpoor.Humansocietyloseshomogeneity.

37.Thepricewhichsocietypaysforthelawofcompetition,likethepriceitpaysforcheapcomfortsandluxuries,isalsogreat,buttheadvantagesofthislawaregreaterstillthanitscost,foritistothislawthatweoweourwonderfulmaterialdevelopment,whichbringsimprovedconditionsinitstrain.Butwhetherthelawbebenignornot,wemustsayofit,aswesayofthechangeintheconditionsofmentowhichwehavereferred.

Itishere;wecannotevadeit;oftheeffectofanynewsubstitutesforitproposedwecannotbesure;38.Andwhilethelawmaybesometimeshardfortheindividual,itisbestfortherace,becauseitinsuresthesurvivalofthefittestineverydepartment.39.Weacceptandwelcome,therefore,asconditionstowhichwemustaccommodateourselves,greatinequalityofenvironment,theconcentrationofbusiness,industrialandcommercial,inthehandsofafew;andthelawofcompetitionbetweenthese,asbeingnotonlybeneficial,butessentialtothefutureprogressoftherace.Havingacceptedthese,itfollowsthattheremustbegreatscopefortheexpertiseofspecialabilityinthemerchantandinthemanufacturer,whohastoconductaffairsupongreatscale.40.Thatthistalentfororganizationandmanagementisrareamongmenisprovedbythefactthatitinvariablysecuresenormousregardsforitspossessors,nomatterwhereorunderwhatlawsorconditions.

【答案】36．在竞争法则下，成千上万的雇主不得不实行一些最严厉的措施。在这些节约措施中，付给工人的工资首当其冲。这样，雇主和雇员之间，劳资双方之间以及富人和穷人之间就常有摩擦。

37．在社会中人类为了竞争所付出的代价，就和为了不需要花钱就能得到的舒适和奢侈品一样代价高昂；但是竞争法则带来的好处高于付出的代价，因为正是这种竞争法则，经济快速发展，生活水平得到提高。

38．虽然这一法则对个体来说可能很难，但是它适用于人类，因为它保证了人类在各个领域都能适应并生存。

39．因此，我们接受并欢迎我们必须适应的条件，也就是工业和商业掌握在少数人手中的巨大不平等；而他们之间的竞争法则不仅是良性的，而且对种族的未来发展必不可少。

40．无论在什么地方，在什么法则或条件下，具有组织管理才能的人都不可避免地得到巨大的尊荣，这一事实证明了只有少数人有这种能力。

12.单选题

TheInternetbeganinthe1960sasasmallnetworkofacademicandgovernmentcomputersprimarilyinvolvedinresearchfortheU.S.Military.Originallylimitedtoresearchersatahandfulofuniversitiesandgovernmentfacilities,theInternethasquicklybecomeaworldwidenetworkprovidinguserswithinformationonarangeofsubjectsandallowingthemtopurchasegoodsdirectlyfromcompaniesviacomputer.By1999,84millionU.S.citizenshadaccesstotheInternetathomeorwork.MoreandmoreAmericansarepayingbills,shopping,orderingairlinetickets,andpurchasingstocksviacomputerovertheInternet.

Internetbankingisalsobecomingincreasinglypopular.Withloweroverheadcostsintermsofstaffingandofficespace,Internetbanksareabletoofferhigherinterestratesondepositsandchargelowerratesonloansthantraditionalbanks."Brickandmortar"banksareincreasinglyofferingonlinebankingservicesviatransactionalwebsitestocomplementtheirtraditionalservices.Atpresent,14percentofInternethouseholdsconducttheirbankingbymeansoftheInternet,andthefigureisexpectedtodoubleortripleduringthenexttwoorthreeyears.

IncreasingcommercialuseoftheInternethasheightenedsecurityandprivacyconcerns.Withacreditordebitcard,anInternetusercanorderalmostanythingfromanInternetsiteandhaveitdeliveredtotheirhomeoroffice.CompaniesdoingbusinessovertheInternetneedsophisticatedsecuritymeasurestoprotectcreditcard,bankaccount,andsocialsecuritynumbersfromunauthorizedaccessastheypassacrosstheInternet.AnyorganizationthatconnectsitsnetworkstotheglobalInternetmustcarefullycontroltheaccesspointtoensurethatoutsiderscannotdisrupttheorganization’sinternalnetworksorgainunauthorizedaccesstotheorganization’scomputersystemsanddata.

1.Accordingtothetext,Internetbanking（

）.

2.Theterm“brickandmortarbanks”(Line3,Para.2)refersto（

）.

3.Thelastsentenceofthethirdparagraphtellsusthat（

）.

4.Whatisthistextmainlyabout?

5.WhichcommercialusageoftheInternetdoestheauthorNOTreferto?

问题1选项

A.requiresminimalusagefees

B.offerspriceadvantagestousers

C.ismoreefficientthantraditionalbanking

D.isenvironmentally-conscious

问题2选项

A.bankswithdependablereputation

B.bankswithcompetitiveinterestrates

C.bankswithtraditionalwalk-inservices

D.bankswithreliableon-lineservices

问题3选项

A.anyorganization’snetworksmaybeatriskofsecuritybreaches

B.currenttechnologycannotsafeguardagainstunauthorizedaccesstoonlinenetworks

C.informationsecurityshouldbeapressingconcernforInternetcommerce

D.organizationsmustsecuretheirnetworksanddataagainstunauthorizeduse

问题4选项

A.ConveniencesbroughttoconsumersthroughuseoftheInternet.

B.ImplicationsofincreasingcommercialuseoftheInternet.

C.SecurityrisksposedbycommercialuseoftheInternet

D.AdvantagesofInternetbankingversustraditionalbanking

问题5选项

A.Buyingairlinetickets.

B.Tradingstocks.

C.Applyingforacreditcard

D.Openingabankaccount.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.文章第二段Internetbanksareabletoofferhigherinterestratesondepositsandchargelowerratesonloansthantraditionalbanks提到网上银行存款利率更高，贷款利率较低，选项B符合题意。

2.文章第二段"Brickandmortar"banksareincreasinglyofferingonlinebankingservicesviatransactionalwebsitestocomplementtheirtraditionalservices提到这类银行就是通过交易性网站提供在线银行服务，来补足它们的传统服务。选项C“提供传统的进入店面服务的银行”符合题意。

3.文章第三段最后一句AnyorganizationthatconnectsitsnetworkstotheglobalInternetmustcarefullycontroltheaccesspointtoensurethatoutsiderscannotdisrupttheorganization’sinternalnetworksorgainunauthorizedaccesstotheorganization’scomputersystemsanddata提到自身网络连接到全球网络的任何一个机构必须小心地控制接入点，来确保外人不能破坏该机构的内部网络或未经授权地访问该机构的计算机系统和数据。选项D符合题意。

4.文章主要讲述了互联网的发展给人们的生活带来了便利，人们可以进行网上购物、支付账单等，基于物联网的网上银行相比传统银行更有价格优势（存款利率变高，取款利率变低），但是物联网的使用也有亟待提高的地方：安全和隐私问题。选项B符合题意。

5.文章第一段最后一句MoreandmoreAmericansarepayingbills,shopping,orderingairlinetickets,andpurchasingstocksviacomputerovertheInternet提及到了购买机票，交易股票，选项A与B可以排除；文章第二段第一句提到了“开立银行账户”，所以选项D可以排除。因此，选项C符合题意。

13.单选题

If,besidestheaccomplishmentsofbeingwittyandill-natured,amanisviciousintothebargain,heisoneofthemostmischievouscreaturesthatcanenterintoacivilsociety.Hissatirewillthenchieflyfalluponthosewhooughttobethemostexemptfromit.Virtue,merit,andeverythingthatispraiseworthy,willbemadethesubjectofridiculeandbuffoonery.Itisimpossibletoenumeratetheevilswhicharisefromthesearrowsthatflyinthedark;andIknownootherexcusethatisorcanbemadeforthem,thanthatthewoundstheygiveareonlyimaginary,andproducenothingmorethanasecretshameorsorrowinthemindofthesufferingperson.Itmustindeedbeconfessedthatalampoonorasatiredonotcarryinthemrobberyormurder;butatthesametime,howmanyaretherethatwouldnotratherloseaconsiderablesumofmoney,orevenlifeitself,thanbesetupasamarkofinfamyandderision?Andinthiscaseamanshouldconsiderthataninjuryisnottobemeasuredbythenotionsofhimthatgives,butofhimthatreceivesit.Thosewhocanputthebestcountenanceupontheoutragesofthisnaturewhichofferedthem,arenotwithouttheirsecretanguish.IhaveoftenobservedapassageinSocrates’behaviorathisdeathinalightwhereinnoneofthecriticshaveconsideredit.Thatexcellentmanentertaininghisfriendsalittlebeforehedrankthebowlofpoison,withadiscourseontheimmortalityofthesoul,athisenteringuponitsaysthathedoesnotbelieveanythemostcomicgeniuscancensurehimfortalkinguponsuchasubjectatsuchatime.Thispassage,Ithink,evidentlyglancesuponAristophanes,whowroteacomedyonpurposetoridiculethediscoursesofthatdivinephilosopher.IthasbeenobservedbymanywritersthatSocrateswassolittlemovedatthispieceofbuffoonery,thathewasseveraltimespresentatitsbeingacteduponthestage,andneverexpressedtheleastresentmentofit.But,withsubmission,IthinktheremarkIhaveheremadeshowsusthatthisunworthytreatmentmadeanimpressionuponhismind,thoughhehadbeentoowisetodiscoverit.WhenJuliusCaesarwaslampoonedbyCatullus,heinvitedhimtoasupper,andtreatedhimwithsuchagenerouscivility,thathemadethepoethisfriendeverafter.CardinalMazarinegavethesamekindoftreatmenttothelearnedQuillet,whohadreflecteduponhiseminenceinafamousLatinpoem.Thecardinalsentforhim,and,aftersomekindexpostulationsuponwhathehadwritten,assuredhimofhisesteem,anddismissedhimwithapromiseofthenextgoodabbeythatshouldfall,whichheaccordinglyc