考研考博-英语-天津医科大学临床医学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津医科大学临床医学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Ihaveaskedalotofpeople,but（）ofthemknew（）aboutsuchathing.

问题1选项

A.not...everything

B.neither...something

C.none...anything

D.afew...nothing

【答案】C

【解析】考查语法。afew用于肯定，故排除D项。能与of连用的只有none。anything用于否定。故C项正确。句意：我问了许多人，但是没有人知道这件事。

2.单选题

Since1813reactiontoJaneAusten’snovelshasoscillatedbetween（

）andcondescension;butingenerallaterwritershaveesteemedherworksmorehighlythandidmostofherliterary（

）.

问题1选项

A.dismissal...admirers

B.disapproval...readers

C.adoration...contemporaries

D.approbation...challengers

【答案】C

【解析】名词词义辨析题。A选项的dismissal“解雇，不予考虑，驳回（诉讼），不予受理”；admirer“钦佩者，仰慕者”；B选项的disapproval“不赞成”；reader“读者，阅读教材”；C选项的adoration“崇拜，爱慕，受崇拜（或爱慕）的对象”；contemporary“同时代的人，同时期的东西”；D选项的approbation“批准，赞成，认可”；challenger“挑战者”。根据句意‘自从1813年以来，人们对简•奥斯汀小说的反应在崇拜和轻慢两种态度之间摆动，但一般而言，后世的作家们，比她的绝大多数文学同代人，对其作品推祟的程度要来得更高’确定C选项正确

3.单选题

Itwasabrief,shiningmomentinEgypt’shistory—atimeofepochalchangepresidedoverbyaPharaohnamedAkhenatenandhisbeautifulwifeNefertiti.Duringhis17-yearreigntheoldgodswerecastaside,monotheismwasintroduced,andtheartsliberatedfromtheirstiflingrigidity.EvenEgypt’scapitalwasmovedtoanewcityalongtheNilecalledAkhetaten(modernAmarna).ButlikeCamelot,itwasshort-lived,anditslegacywasburiedinthedesertsands.

NowAkhenaten’s3,400-year-oldworldhasbeenbrilliantlyrecalledinanexhibittitled“PharaohsoftheSun:Akhenaten,Nefertiti,Tutankhamen,”whichopensthisweekatBoston’sMuseumofFineArts.Partofthecity’seight-monthtributetoancientEgypt(operas,balletandanIMAXfilm),itisauniqueassemblageofmorethan250objectsfromEgypt’s18thdynasty,someofwhichhavelanguishedunseeninstoreroomsandprivatecollectionsfordecades.Theyrangefromlarger-than-lifestatuesofAkhenatentoexquisitelysculptedreliefsanddazzlingjewelrytosuchpoignantremindersofeverydaylifeasaperfectlypreservedchild’ssandal.

TheexhibitilluminatesamurkyperiodinEgyptianhistorythatcuratorRitaFreeddescribesashaving“alltheelementsofasoapopera.”WhenAmenhotepIV,ashewasoriginallycalled,ascendedthethronein1353B.C.,Egyptwasaflourishingempire,atpeacewithitsneighbors.Yetthereweretroublingsigns.HisfatherAmenhotepIIIhadalreadychallengedthepowerfulpriesthoodbyproclaimingthesungodAtenasforemostamongEgyptiandeitiesandhimselfashislivingincarnation.

Hissonshookthingsupevenmore,notonlychanginghisnametohonorthenewgod(Akhenatenmeans“onewhoservesAten”)butalsobanishingtheoldergods,especiallythepriestlyfavoriteAmen.SomescholarsbelieveAkhenaten’smonotheism,ahistoricfirst,inspiredtheHebrewprophets,butithadthemoreimmediateeffectoffreeingEgypt’sartists.TheycouldnowportraythePharaohandthevoluptuousNefertiti(whomayhavesharedthethronewithhim)inafarmorecasual,realisticway.Akhenaten’scone-shapedhead,elongatedface,fingersandtoes,potbellyandflaringhipshaveledsomescholarstosuggestthathehadhydrocephalusorMarfan’ssyndrome.

Hewascertainlyarevolutionary,propelledeitherbymadnessorbygreatvision.Still,hischangesdidnotendure.Afterhisdeath,hisson-in-law(andperhapsson)TutankhamenmovedthepoliticalandreligiouscapitalsbacktoMemphisandThebesrespectivelyandreinstatedtheoldgods.Egyptianartreturnedtoitsclassic,ritualizedstyle.AndlikeCamelot,Akhenaten’soncebustlingcapitalbecameonlyamythicmemory.“PharaohsoftheSun”willremaininBostonuntilFebruary,thentraveltoLosAngeles,ChicagoandLeiden,theNetherlands.

26.WhichofthefollowingeventdidnothappenduringAkhenaten’sreignoverEgypt?

27.WecanlearnfromthetextthatinBoston,manyactivitiesareheldastributetoancientEgyptexcept______.

28.TheviewsofAkhenatenandhisfatheronthesungodAtenare______.

29.Tutankhamen,accordingtothetext,probably______.

30.WhatcanwelearnabouttheexhibitonancientEgypt’s18thdynasty?

问题1选项

A.Hebanishedtheoldergods.

B.Peoplehadtoworshiponegod—thesungodAten.

C.Egyptianartistssufferedfromamorecasual,realisticwayofportraying.

D.HebuiltanewcapitalalongtheNile.

问题2选项

A.pageant

B.ballet

C.operas

D.movie

问题3选项

A.opposite

B.controversial

C.complementary

D.similar

问题4选项

A.movedthepoliticalcapitalbacktoThebes

B.gavetheoldergodsbacktheirpreviousposition

C.mighthadgotsomediseasethatmadehisfacelongerthanthehealthypeople

D.movedthereligiouscapitalbacktoMemphis

问题5选项

A.Itmainlyconsistsofstatuesofthepharaohsofthattime.

B.ItwilllastforeightmonthsinBoston.

C.Itisveryenlighteningforpeopletoknowthatperiod.

D.Theobjectsontheexhibitusedtobestoredinprivatecollection.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】26.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】客观细节题。由A选项关键词“oldergods”可以定位到文章第四段第一句butalsobanishingtheoldergods（而且还摒弃了旧神），说明阿肯纳坦在统治期间驱逐了旧神，所以A选项“他摒弃了旧神”表述正确，排除A。由B选项关键词“Aten”可以定位到文章第四段第一句notonlychanginghisnametohonorthenewgod(Akhenatenmeans“onewhoservesAten”)（他不仅把自己的名字改为阿肯纳坦，意为阿坦的仆人），第一段中也提到monotheismwasintroduced（一神论被引入），说明在阿肯纳坦统治期间人们信奉唯一的太阳神，所以B选项“人们不得不崇拜唯一神——太阳神阿坦”表述正确，排除B。由D选项关键词“capital”可以定位到文章第一段第三句EvenEgypt’scapitalwasmovedtoanewcityalongtheNilecalledAkhetaten.（甚至埃及的首都也迁到尼罗河边的新城市阿希提顿。），说明阿肯纳坦统治期间在尼罗河边建立了新首都，所以D选项“他在尼罗河边建立了一个新的首都”表述正确，排除D。由C选项关键词“portraying”可以定位到文章第四段第三句TheycouldnowportraythePharaohandthevoluptuousNefertitiinafarmorecasual,realisticway.（现在他们可以更为真实随意的描画法老和妖艳性感的奈菲提提。），第一段中也提到theartsliberatedfromtheirstiflingrigidity.（艺术也从令人窒息的一成不变中解脱出来。），说明在阿肯纳坦统治期间艺术家可以更真实随意的画像，而不是束缚他们。因此C选项“埃及的艺术家们苦于没有更随意真实的描绘方式”不符合原文，本题选C。

27.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干关键词“tributetoancientEgypt”可以定位到文章第二段第二句Partofthecity’seight-monthtributetoancientEgypt(operas,balletandanIMAXfilm)（这次展览只是波士顿为期8个月的致敬古埃及活动中的一部分，其它形式还有歌剧、芭蕾、一部IMAX电影），说明向古埃及致敬的活动有展览、歌剧、芭蕾、电影，所以B选项“芭蕾”，C选项“歌剧”，D选项“电影”符合原文，排除B，C，D。A选项“盛会”在文中没有提及，不属于向古埃及致敬的活动，所以本题选A。

28.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句HisfatherAmenhotepIIIhadalreadychallengedthepowerfulpriesthoodbyproclaimingthesungodAtenasforemostamongEgyptiandeitiesandhimselfashislivingincarnation.（他的父亲阿蒙赫特普三世已经质疑势力强大的教会，宣称太阳神阿坦是埃及诸神中最具威力的神灵，他本人则是太阳神的转世化身。），和第四段第一句Hissonshookthingsupevenmore,notonlychanginghisnametohonorthenewgod(Akhenatenmeans“onewhoservesAten”)butalsobanishingtheoldergods,especiallythepriestlyfavoriteAmen.（儿子做得更甚，他不仅把自己的名字改为阿肯纳坦——意为阿坦的仆人——以表示对太阳神的敬意，而且不许人们崇拜以往的神灵，特别是教会的至爱阿门神。），说明阿肯纳坦及其父亲都只推崇太阳神，两人对太阳神的态度是一样的。因此D选项“相似”正确。A选项“相反”，B选项“争议”，C选项“补充”均不符合题意，所以A，B，C错误。

29.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干关键词“Tutankhamen”可以定位到文章最后一段第三句Afterhisdeath,hisson-in-law(andperhapsson)TutankhamenmovedthepoliticalandreligiouscapitalsbacktoMemphisandThebesrespectivelyandreinstatedtheoldgods.（在他死后，他的女婿（或许也是儿子）图坦卡蒙把政治中心移回孟斐斯，宗教中心移回底比斯，那些被摒弃的旧神重新归位。），说明图坦卡蒙将被摒弃的旧神重新归位了。因此B选项“将旧神重新归位”正确。A选项“把政治中心移回底比斯”，由原文可知，是将政治中心移回孟斐斯，所以A错误。C选项“可能是得了什么病，使他的脸比健康人的脸长了一些”，由原文可知，得脑积水的是阿肯纳坦，所以C错误。D选项“把宗教中心移回孟斐斯”，由原文可知，是将宗教中心移回底比斯，所以D错误。

30.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】客观细节题。A选项“主要是当时法老的雕像”，由原文itisauniqueassemblageofmorethan250objectsfromEgypt’s18thdynasty（这次独特的展览展出了埃及第18个王朝的250多件物品）可知，展品包罗万象，不仅有雕像，还有珠宝首饰和生活用品等，所以A选项错误。B选项“将在波士顿持续开8个月”，由最后一段最后一句“PharaohsoftheSun”willremaininBostonuntilFebruary（“太阳神法老”展览在波士顿持续到二月份）可知，展览在波士顿持续到二月份，是波士顿整个致敬古埃及的活动为期8个月，所以B错误。D选项“展品过去是由私人收藏的”，由原文someofwhichhavelanguishedunseeninstoreroomsandprivatecollectionsfordecades（其中有些物品几十年来一直深藏于博物馆或为私人所藏而不得面世），说明展品不仅有私人收藏的，还有保存在博物馆中的，所以D错误。C选项“对人们了解那个时期的情况很有启发”，由原文NowAkhenaten’s3,400-year-oldworldhasbeenbrilliantlyrecalledinanexhibit（现在，3400年前阿肯纳坦时代的辉煌将在波士顿美术馆被人们重温），说明这场展览有助于人们回顾那个时期的情况，所以C正确。

4.单选题

Don’t______thisnewstothepublicuntilwegiveyouthego-ahead.

问题1选项

A.release

B.relieve

C.relate

D.inform

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项release“释放，发布”，B项relieve“解除，减轻”，C项relate“叙述，涉及”，D项inform“通知，告诉”。根据关键词news“新闻”和untilwegiveyouthego-ahead“直到我们同意”可知，与news搭配的词应该为“公布，发布”。句意：在我们同意之前，不要把这个计划公之于众。因此，该题选择A项正确。

5.单选题

OnNewYear’sEve,NewYorkCityholdsanoutdoor（

）whichattractsacrowdofamillionormorepeople.

问题1选项

A.incident

B.event

C.case

D.affair

【答案】B

【解析】同义词辨析题。四个词都有事件的意思，incident指的是突发的，概率较小的事件；event指大型的活动或事件；case一般指案件；affair一般指私事。

句意：在新年前夕，纽约市举行了一场户外活动，吸引了100多万人参加。根据参加的人数可推测活动规模之大，所以选项B更恰当。

6.单选题

“Depression”ismorethanaseriouseconomicdownturn.Whatdistinguishesadepressionfromaharshrecessionisparalyzingfear—fearoftheunknownsogreatthatitcausesconsumers,businesses,andinvestorstoretreatandpanic.Theysaveupcashanddesperatelycutspending.Theysellstocksandotherassets.Ashatteringlossofconfidenceinspiresbehaviorthatoverwhelmsthenormalself-correctingmechanismsthatusuallypreventarecessionfrombecomingdeepandprolonged:adepression.

Comparing1929with2007-09,ChristinaRomer,theheadofPresidentObama’sCouncilofEconomicAdvisers,findstheinitialblowtoconfidencefargreaternowthanthen.True,stockpricesfellathirdfromSeptembertoDecember1929,butfewerAmericansthenownedstocks.Moreover,homepricesbarelydropped.FromDecember1928toDecember1929,totalhouseholdwealthdeclinedonly3%.Bycontrast,thelossinhouseholdwealthbetweenDecember2007andDecember2008was17%.Bothstocksandhomes,morewidelyheld,droppedmore.Thustraumatized,theeconomymighthavegoneintoafreefallendingindepression.Indeed,itdidgointofreefall.Shoppersrefrainedfrombuyingcars,appliances,andotherbig-ticketitems.Spendingonsuch“durables”droppedata12%annualratein2008’sthirdquarter,a20%rateinthefourth.Andbusinessshelvedinvestmentprojects.

Thatthesehugedeclinesdidn’tleadtodepressionmainlyreflects,asRomerargues,countermeasurestakenbythegovernment.Privatemarketsforgoods,services,labor,andsecuritiesdomostlyself-correct,butpanicfeedsonitselfanddisarmsthesestabilizingtendencies.Inthissituation,onlygovernmentcanprotecttheeconomyasawhole,becausemostindividualsandcompaniesareinvolvedintheself-defeatingbehaviorofself-protection.

Government’sfailuretoperformthisroleintheearly1930stransformedrecessionintodepression.Scholarswilldebatewhichinterventionsthistime—theFederalReserve’ssupportofafailingcreditsystem,guaranteesofbanddebt.Obama’s“stimulus”planandbank“stresstest”—countedmostinpreventingarecurrence.Regardless,allthesecomplexmeasureshadthesamepsychologicalpurpose:toreassurepeoplethatthisfreefallwouldstopand,thereby,curbthefearthatwouldperpetuateafreefall.

Alltheseimprovedconfidence.Buttheconsumersentimentindexremainsweek,andallthereboundhasoccurredinAmericans’evaluationoffutureeconomicconditionsnotthepresent.Unemployment(9.8%)isabysmal,therecovery’sstrengthunclear.Here,too,thereisanechofromthe1930s.Despitebottomingoutin1933,theDepressiondidn’tenduntilWorldWarII.Somegovernmentpoliciesaidedrecovery;somehinderedit.Thegoodnewstodayisthatthebadnewsisnotworse.

66.Whydoconsumers,businessesandinvestorsretreatandpanicintimesofdepression?

67.WhatdoesChristinaRomersayaboutthecurrenteconomicrecession?

68.Whydidn’tthecurrentrecessionturnintoadepressionaccordingtoChristinaRomer?

69.Whatisthechiefpurposeofallthecountermeasurestaken?

70.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftoday’seconomicsituation?

问题1选项

A.Theysuffergreatlossesinstocks,propertyandotherassets.

B.Theyfindtheself-correctingmechanismsdysfunctioning.

C.Theyareafraidthenormalsocialorderwillbeparalyzed.

D.Theydon’tknowwhatisgoingtohappeninthefuture.

问题2选项

A.ItsseverityisnomatchfortheGreatDepressionof1929.

B.Itsinitialblowtoconfidencefarexceededthatof1929.

C.Ithasaffectedhouseownersmorethanstockholders.

D.Ithasresultedinafreefallofthepricesofcommodities.

问题3选项

A.Thegovernmentintervenedeffectively.

B.Privatemarketscorrectedthemselves.

C.Peoplerefrainedfrombuyingdurablesandbigticketitems.

D.Individualsandcompaniesadoptedself-protectionmeasures.

问题4选项

A.Tocreatejobopportunities.

B.Tocurbthefearofalastingfreefall.

C.Tostimulatedomesticconsumption.

D.Torebuildthecreditsystem.

问题5选项

A.Itmayworsenwithoutfurtherstimulation.

B.Itwillseeareboundsoonerorlater.

C.Ithasnotgonefrombadtoworse.

D.Itdoesnotgivepeoplereasonforpessimism.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】66.细节事实题。题干意思是“为什么消费者、企业和投资者在萧条时期会退缩和恐慌？”。根据第一段第二句Whatdistinguishesadepressionfromaharshrecessionisparalyzingfear—fearoftheunknownsogreatthatitcausesconsumers,businesses,andinvestorstoretreatandpanic.（大萧条和严重的衰退的区别在于麻痹性的恐惧——对未知的恐惧如此之大，以至于导致消费者、企业和投资者撤退和恐慌）可知，消费者、企业和投资者在萧条时期会退缩和恐慌是因为他们对未知的恐惧，所以D项“他们不知道将来会发生什么”正确，C项“他们害怕正常的社会秩序会瘫痪”错误。A项“他们在股票、房地产和其他资产上遭受了巨大损失”，出售股票和其他资产是他们会采取的措施，而非原因；B项“他们发现自我纠正机制失灵”，自我纠正机制失灵是由于人们出售股票和资产，削减开支等措施而导致的，和消费者、企业和投资者在萧条时期会退缩和恐慌的原因无关。因此，该题选择D项正确。

67.细节事实题。题干意思是“ChristinaRomer对当前的经济衰退有什么看法？”。根据题干关键词ChristinaRomer可以定位到文章第二段第一句Comparing1929with2007-09,ChristinaRomer,theheadofPresidentObama’sCouncilofEconomicAdvisers,findstheinitialblowtoconfidencefargreaternowthanthen.（将1929年与2007-2009年相比，奥巴马总统经济顾问委员会主席ChristinaRomer发现，目前对信心的最初打击要比当时严重得多）可知，B项“它最初对信心的打击远远超过了1929年”正确。A项“它的严重性比不上1929年的大萧条”错误，文中提到对信心的打击远远比1929年严重；第二段第六句提到Bothstocksandhomes,morewidelyheld,droppedmore.（更广泛持有的股市和楼市跌幅更大），可知经济衰退对股票持有者和楼盘拥有者的影响都很大，但并没有做比较，C项“它对房主的影响大于股票持有者”错误；第二段最后提到Indeed,itdidgointofreefall.Shoppersrefrainedfrombuyingcars,appliances,andotherbig-ticketitems.（事实上，它的确是自由落体；购物者不再购买汽车、电器和其他高价商品），可知，经济衰退影响了人们对汽车、电器等耐用品的花费，但文中没有提到所有的商品都是自由落体，D项“这导致了商品价格的自由下跌”错误。因此，该题选择B项正确。

68.细节事实题。题干意思是“根据ChristinaRomer的说法，为什么当前的衰退没有演变成萧条？”。根据第三段第一句Thatthesehugedeclinesdidn’tleadtodepressionmainlyreflects,asRomerargues,countermeasurestakenbythegovernment.（正如罗默所说，这些巨大的下降并没有导致经济萧条，这主要反映了政府所采取的对策）可知，A项“政府有效干预”正确；第三段后面提到Privatemarketsforgoods,services,labor,andsecuritiesdomostlyself-correct,butpanicfeedsonitselfanddisarmsthesestabilizingtendencies.Inthissituation,onlygovernmentcanprotecttheeconomyasawhole,becausemostindividualsandcompaniesareinvolvedintheself-defeatingbehaviorofself-protection.（商品、服务、劳动力和证券的私人市场大多能自我纠正，但恐慌会自生自灭，并解除这些稳定的倾向；在这种情况下，只有政府才能保护整个经济，因为大多数个人和企业都卷入了自我保护的自暴自弃行为），所以B项“私人市场自我修正”、C项“人们避免购买耐用品和大件物品”和D项“个人和企业采取了自我保护措施”都不正确。因此，该题选择A项正确。

69.细节事实题。题干意思是“采取这些对策的主要目的是什么？”。第四段谈到了应对经济萧条的措施，即奥巴马的“刺激”计划和银行“压力测试”，接着在最后一句提到了这些措施的目的：Regardless,allthesecomplexmeasureshadthesamepsychologicalpurpose:toreassurepeoplethatthisfreefallwouldstopand,thereby,curbthefearthatwouldperpetuateafreefall.（无论如何，所有这些复杂的措施都有同样的心理目的：安抚人们，让他们相信自由落体将会停止，从而抑制自由落体将会持续的恐惧），故B项“抑制对持续自由落体的恐惧”正确。A项“创造就业机会”、C项“刺激国内消费”和D项“重建信用体系”都是属于采取的对策，而非目的。因此，该题选择B项正确。

70.细节事实题。题干意思是“作者对当今的经济形势有什么看法？”。文章最后一段作者表达了自己对目前经济形式的看法，在最后两句有体现：Somegovernmentpoliciesaidedrecovery;somehinderedit.Thegoodnewstodayisthatthebadnewsisnotworse.（一些政府政策帮助了经济复苏，一些政府政策阻碍了经济复苏；但今天的好消息是，坏消息不会更糟），可知作者认为虽然目前的经济形式非常糟糕，但是不会进一步恶化，故C项“它还没有变得更糟”正确。B项“它迟早会有反弹”，文中只提到了1929年经济大萧条的触底反弹，没有讨论到当今经济形势的反弹；A项“如果没有进一步的刺激，情况可能会恶化”和D项“它没有给人们悲观的理由”都与文章不符。因此，该题选择C项正确。

7.单选题

Thisstudyinvolvesmonitoringthesleep（）of100mentallyhealthypeopleaged45to80.

问题1选项

A.orders

B.rules

C.patterns

D.characters

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项orders“顺序；命令”；B选项rules“规则”；C选项patterns“模式”；D选项characters“特征”。句意：这项研究包括监测100名45岁至80岁精神健康的人的睡眠（）。根据语境，睡眠和characters“特征”搭配比较合理。因此D选项正确。

8.单选题

Withsomuchfocusonchildren'suseofscreens,it'seasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirownscreenuse.“Techisdesignedtoreallysuckonyouin,”saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,"anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine."

Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother-childpairsafood-testingexercise.Shefoundthatmotherswhouseddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily.Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention.

Infantsarewiredtolookatparents'facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive-astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice-itcanbeextremelydisconcertingforthechildren.Radeskycitesthe"stillfaceexperiment"devisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback:Thechildbecomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother’sattention."Parentsdon’thavetobeexquisitelypresentatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild'sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed,"saysRadesky.

Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids'useofscreensarebomoutofan"oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting"withtheirchildren:"It’sbasedonasomewhatfantasized,verywhite,veryupper-middle-classideologythatsaysifyou’refailingtoexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem."Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn'tlearningfromthescreendoesn'tmeanthere’snovaluetoit-particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthembemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.

1.Radeskycitesthe"stillfaceexperiment"toshowthat（

）.

2.TheoppressiveideologymentionedbyTronickrequiresparentsto

（

）.

3.AccordingtoTronick,kid'suseofscreensmay（

）.

问题1选项

A.itiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblankexpressions

B.verbalexpressionsareunnecessaryforemotionalexchange

C.childrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparents'mood

D.parentsneedtorespondtochildren'semotionalneeds

问题2选项

A.protectkidsfromexposuretowildfantasies

B.teachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsayear

C.ensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildren

D.remainconcernedaboutkid'suseofscreens

问题3选项

A.givetheirparentssomefreetime

B.maketheirparentsmorecreative

C.helpthemwiththeirhomework

D.helpthembecomemoreattentive

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目提问‘Radesky引用“静态面部实验”来证明什么？’根据文章第三段第一句‘Infantsarewiredtolookatparents'facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive-astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice-itcanbeextremelydisconcertingforthechildren.婴儿很容易通过看父母的脸来试图理解他们的世界，如果这些脸是空白的、没有反应的——就像他们沉浸在一个设备里时经常做的那样——这对孩子来说是非常令人不安的。’和最后一句“Parentsdon’thavetobeexquisitelypresentatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild’sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed.父母不必时时刻刻都在身边，但需要有一个平衡，父母需要对孩子的情感需求的语言或非语言表达做出反应和敏感。”确定实验是为了证明D选项“父母需要回应孩子的情感需求”。

2.细节事实题。题目提问‘特罗尼克提到的压迫性意识形态要求父母干什么？’根据文章最后一段中“an‘oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting’withtheirchildren.“压迫性的意识形态”要求父母应该始终与孩子互动。”确定C选项“确保与孩子不断的互动”正确。

3.推理判断题。题目提问‘据特洛尼克说，孩子们使用屏幕可能会怎样？’根据最后一段中“Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn'tlearningfromthescreendoesn'tmeanthere’snovaluetoit-particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.特罗尼克认为，孩子没有从屏幕上学习并不意味它没有价值，特别是如果父母有时间洗澡、做家务或者仅仅是因不用照顾小孩而可以休息一下。Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthembemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.他说，父母可以通过使用他们的设备和朋友交谈或做些工作以获得很多好处。这会让他们感到更快乐，这会让他们在其他的时间里更容易接触到自己的孩子。”可知，孩子使用屏幕可以让父母有更多时间去做别的事情，所以A选项“给父母更多自由时间”正确。

9.单选题

MosteconomistsintheUnitedStatesseemcaptivatedbythespellofthefreemarket.Consequently,nothingseemsgoodornormalthatdoesnotaccordwiththerequirementsofthefreemarket.Apricethatisdeterminedbytheselleror,forthatmatter,establishedbyanyoneotherthantheaggregateofconsumersseemspernicious.Accordingly,itrequiresamajoractofwilltothinkofprice-fixing(thedeterminationofpricesbytheseller)asboth“normal”andhavingavaluableeconomicfunction.Infact,price-fixingisnormalinallindustrializedsocietiesbecausetheindustrialsystemitselfprovides,asaneffortlessconsequenceofitsowndevelopment,theprice-fixingthatitrequires.Modernindustrialplanningrequiresandrewardsgreatsize.Hence,acomparativelysmallnumberoflargefirmswillbecompetingforthesamegroupofconsumers.Thateachlargefirmwillactwithconsiderationofitsownneedsandthusavoidsellingitsproductsformorethanitscompetitorschargeiscommonlyrecognizedbyadvocatesoffree--marketeconomictheories.Buteachlargefirmwillalsoactwithfullconsiderationoftheneedsthatithasincommonwiththeotherlargefirmscompetingforthesamecustomers.Eachlargefirmwillthusavoidsignificantpricecutting,becausepricecuttingwouldbeprejudicialtocommoninterestinastabledemandforproducts.Mosteconomistsdonotseeprice-fixingwhenitoccursbecausetheyexpectittobebroughtaboutbyanumberofexplicitagreementsamonglargefirms;itisnot.

Moreoverthoseeconomistswhoarguethatallowingthefreemarkettooperatewithoutinterferenceisthemostefficientmethodofestablishingpriceshavenotconsideredtheeconomiesofnon-socialist-countriesotherthantheUnitedStates.Theseeconomiesemployintentionalpricefixing,usuallyinanovertfashion.Formalprice-fixingbycartelandinformalprice-fixingbyagreementscoveringthemembersofanindustryarecommonplace.Weretheresomethingpeculiarlyefficientaboutthefreemarketandinefficientaboutprice-fixing,thecountriesthathaveavoidedthefirstandusedthesecondwouldhavesuffereddrasticallyintheireconomicdevelopment.Thereisnoindicationthattheyhave.

Socialistindustryalsoworkswithinaframeworkofcontrolledprices.Intheearly1970’stheSovietUnionbegantogivefirmsandindustriessomeoftheflexibilityinadjustingpricesthatamoreinformalevolutionhasaccordedthecapitalistsystem.EconomistsintheUnitedStateshavehailedthechangeasareturntothefreemarket.ButSovietfirmsarenomoresubjecttopricesestablishedbyafreemarketoverwhichtheyexerciselittleinfluencethanarecapitalistfirms;rather,Sovietfirmshavebeengiventhepowertofixprices.

50.Theauthor’sattitudetoward“Mosteconomists”intheUnitedStates(para1)canbestbedescribedas____.

51.Itcanbeinferredfromtheauthor’sargumentthatapricefixedbytheseller“seemspernicious”(para1)because____.

52.Thesuggestioninthetextthatpricefixinginindustrializedsocietiesisnormalarisesfromtheauthor’sstatementthatprice-fixingis____.

53.Accordingtotheauthor,pricefixinginnon-socialistcountriesisoften____.

问题1选项

A.spitefulandenvious

B.scornfulanddenunciatory

C.criticalandcondescending

D.ambivalentbutdeferential

问题2选项

A.peopledonothaveconfidenceinlargefirms

B.peopledonotexpectthegovernmenttoregulateprices

C.mosteconomistsbelievethatconsumersasagroupshoulddetermineprices

D.mosteconomistsassociatefixedpriceswithcommunistandsocialisteconomies

问题3选项

A.aprofitableresultofeconomicdevelopment

B.aninevitableresultoftheindustrialsystem

C.theresultofanumberofcarefullyorganizeddecisions

D.aphenomenoncommontoindustrializedandnon-industrializedsocieties

问题4选项

A.accidentalbutproductive

B.illegalbutuseful

C.legalandinnovative

D.intentionalandwidespread

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】50.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】观点态度题。定位到文章第一段最后一句Mosteconomistsdonotseeprice-fixingwhenitoccursbecausetheyexpectittobebroughtaboutbyanumberofexplicitagreementsamonglargefirms;itisnot（大多数经济学家并不知道价格操纵会在何时发生，因为他们期望价格操纵由大公司之间的一系列明确协议带来；事实并非如此）和第二段第一句Moreoverthoseeconomistswhoarguethatallowingthefreemarkettooperatewithoutinterferenceisthemostefficientmethodofestablishingpriceshavenotconsideredtheeconomiesofnon-socialist-countriesotherthantheUnitedStates（此外，那些认为允许自由市场不受干扰地运行是建立价格的最有效方法的经济学家没有考虑美国以外的非社会主义国家的经济），可以看出作者对大部分经济学家的态度是批判的，所以C项“批判”符合。A项“怨恨和嫉妒”，B项“蔑视和谴责”和D项“矛盾但恭敬”，均未在文中体现。

51.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干：从作者的论点可以推断，卖方定价“似乎有害”，因为。定位到文章第一段第二句Apricethatisdeterminedbytheselleror,forthatmatter,establishedbyanyoneotherthantheaggregateofconsumersseemspernicious（就此而言，由卖方决定的价格，或由消费者群体以外的任何人确定的价格，似乎是有害的），所以C项“大多数经济学家认为，消费者作为一个群体应该决定价格”符合这句话所表达的意思。而A项“人们对大公司没有信心”，B项“人们不指望政府调控物价”，D项“大多数经济学家把固定价格与共产主义和社会主义经济联系起来”均属于无中生有。

52.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干：本文认为，工业社会的价格管制是正常的，这是因为作者认为价格管制是……？定位到文章第一段第四句Infact,price-fixingisnormalinallindustrializedsocietiesbecausetheindustrialsystemitselfprovides,asaneffortlessconsequenceofitsowndevelopment,theprice-fixingthatitrequires.（事实上，在所有工业化社会中，定价都是正常的，因为工业体系本身提供了它所需要的定价，这是它自身发展的一个不费吹灰之力的结果），可知B项“工业系统的必然结果”符合文意，当选。A项“经济发展的有益结果”，C项“一系列精心组织的决定的结果”，D项“工业化和非工业化社会的共同现象”，均在文中未提及。

53.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。从第二段第二句和第三句Theseeconomiesemployintentionalpricefixing,usuallyinanovertfashion.Formalprice-fixingbycartelandinformalprice-fixingbyagreementscoveringthemembersofanindustryarecommonplace（这些经济体通常以公开的方式有意操纵价格。卡特尔的正式定价和涵盖行业成员的协议的非正式定价是司空见惯的），特别是里面的关键词intentional和commonplace，可知D项“有意和普遍的”符合题意。A项“偶然但富有成效”，B项“非法但有用”，C项“合法且创新”，都不符合文意，排除。

10.单选题

Iintendtomovethatourcommittee（）Jimaschairman,andIhopethatyouwillsecondmymotion.

问题1选项

A.willappoint

B.appoints

C.appoint

D.appointed

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气。Move在这里表示（在会上）提议、建议。在表建议、命令、要求和愿望的动词后面，宾语从句要用虚拟语气:should+动词原形的用法，should可省略。选项C正确。句意：我提议委员会任命Jim为