考研考博-英语-吉林司法警官职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉林司法警官职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Agoodrefereehastobe（）__intheoutcomeofafootballgame,orelsehemaytrytomakecallsthatfavoroneteamoveranother.

问题1选项

A.contemporary

B.comely

C.disinterested

D.notorious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项contemporary“当代的；同时代的”；B选项comely“清秀的，标致的”；C选项disinterested“无私的；公正的；冷漠的；廉洁的”；D选项notorious“声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的”。句意：一位好的裁判在足球比赛结果上必须是公正的，否则他可能试图去做出有利于一支球队的裁定。结合句意，故C选项正确。

2.单选题

Careshouldbetakentodecreasethelengthoftimethatoneis（）loudcontinuousnoise.

问题1选项

A.attachedto

B.subjectedto

C.filledwith

D.associatedwith

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组搭配辨析。A选项(be)attachedto“附属于；系于”；B选项(be)subjectedto“遭受；承受”；C选项(be)filledwith“充满”；D选项(be)associatedwith“与……有关”。句意：应注意缩短人们……连续噪音的时间。从句中的主语是one“人”，宾语是loudcontinuousnoise“响亮不间断的噪音”。人对噪音是难以忍受的，所以需要缩短人们承受噪音的时间。因此B选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Theactual（

）ofWilson'spositionwasalways（

）byhisrefusaltocompromiseafterhavinginitiallyagreedtonegotiateasettlement.

问题1选项

A.outcome;foreshadowed

B.logic;enhanced

C.rigidity;betrayed

D.uncertainty;alleviated

【答案】C

【解析】第一个空是考查名称的辨析，outcome“结果，效果”；logic“原理,逻辑性”；rigidity“严格，刻板”；uncertainty“不确定性”；根据句子后半部分的意思可以推断出第一个空应该填rigidity,表示立场的固执僵化；第二个空是考查动词的辨析，foreshadow“成为前兆，暗示”;enhance“提高，增加（价值，品质，吸引力等）”；betray“泄露，出卖，背叛（原则或信仰）”，根据句意‘由于威尔逊在最初同意谈判以达成协议之后又拒绝让步妥协，因此，其立场实际的固执僵化总是得以暴露无遗’可知第二个空应该填betrayed，所以C选项正确。

4.单选题

Knowingthathewaspromoted,Jasoncouldhardlybe（）onthephone.

问题1选项

A.adherent

B.adhesive

C.coherent

D.inherent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项adherent“附着的；黏着的”；B选项adhesive“黏着的；带黏性的”；C选项coherent“连贯的；清晰的；条理清楚的”；D选项inherent“固有的；内在的；与生俱来的，遗传的”。句意：在得知自己升职后，杰森在电话里几乎不能条理清楚地讲话。根据句意，C选项正确。

5.单选题

Fromtheearlydaysofbroadband,advocatesforconsumersandweb-basedcompaniesworriedthatthecableandphonecompaniessellingbroadbandconnectionshadthepowerandincentivetofavoraffiliatedwebsitesovertheirrivals'.That'swhytherehasbeensuchastrongdemandforrulesthatwouldpreventbroadbandprovidersfrompickingwinnersandlosersonline,preservingthefreedomandinnovationthathavebeenthelifebloodoftheInternet.

Yetthatdemandhasbeenalmostimpossibletofill—inpartbecauseofpushbackfrombroadbandproviders,anti-regulatoryconservativesandthecourts.AfederalappealscourtweighedinagainTuesday,butinsteadofprovidingabadlyneededresolution,itonlyprolongedthefight.

AtissuebeforetheU.S.CourtofAppealsfortheDistrictofColumbiaCircuitwasthelatesttakeoftheFederalCommunicationsCommission(FCC)onnetneutrality,adoptedonaparty-linevotein2017.TheRepublican-pennedordernotonlyeliminatedthestrictnetneutralityrulestheFCChadadoptedwhenithadaDemocraticmajorityin2015,butrejectedthecommission'sauthoritytorequirebroadbandproviderstodomuchofanything.Theorderalsodeclaredthatstateandlocalgovernmentscouldn'tregulatebroadbandproviderseither.

Thecommissionarguedthatotheragencieswouldprotectagainstanti-competitivebehavior,suchasabroadband-providingconglomeratelikeAT&Tfavoringitsownvideo-streamingserviceattheexpenseofNetflixandAppleTV.YettheFCCalsoendedtheinvestigationsofbroadbandprovidersthatimposeddatacapsontheirrivals'streamingservicesbutnottheirown.

OnTuesday,theappealscourtunanimouslyupheldthe2017orderderegulatingbroadbandproviders,citingaSupremeCourtrulingfrom2005thatupheldasimilarlyderegulatorymove.ButJudgePatriciaMillettrightlyarguedinaconcurringopinionthat“theresultisunhingedfromtherealitiesofmodernbroadbandservice,”andsaidCongressortheSupremeCourtcouldinterveneto“avoidtrappingInternetregulationintechnologicalanachronism.”

Inthemeantime,thecourtthrewouttheFCC'sattempttoblockallstaterulesonnetneutrality,whilepreservingthecommission'spowertopreemptindividualstatelawsthatundermineitsorder.ThatmeansmorebattlesliketheonenowgoingonbetweentheJusticeDepartmentandCalifornia,whichenactedatoughnetneutralitylawinthewakeoftheFCC'sabdication.

Theendlesslegalbattlesandback-and-forthattheFCCcryoutforCongresstoact.Itneedstogivethecommissionexplicitauthorityonceandforalltobarbroadbandprovidersfrommeddlinginthetrafficontheirnetworkandtocreateclearrulesprotectingopennessandinnovationonline.

1.Therehaslongbeenconcernthatbroadbandprovideswould（

）.

2.Facedwiththedemandfornetneutralityrules,theFCC（

）.

3.WhatcanbelearnedaboutAT&TfromParagraph3?

4.JudgePatriciaMillettarguesthattheappealscourt'sdecision

（

）.

5.Whatdoestheauthorargueinthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.bringweb-basedfirmsundercontrol

B.slowdownthetrafficontheirnetwork

C.showpartialityintreatingclients

D.intensifycompetitionwiththeirrivals

问题2选项

A.stickstoanout-of-dateorder

B.takesananti-regulatorystance

C.hasissuedaspecialresolution

D.hasallowedthestatestointervene

问题3选项

A.Itprotectsagainstunfaircompetition.

B.Itengagesinanti-competitivepractices.

C.ItisundertheFCC'sinvestigation.

D.Itisinpursuitofqualityservice.

问题4选项

A.focusesontrivialities

B.conveysanambiguousmessage

C.isatoddswithitsearlierrulings

D.isoutoftouchwithreality

问题5选项

A.Congressneedstotakeactiontoensurenetneutrality.

B.TheFCCshouldbeputunderstrictsupervision.

C.Rulesneedtobesettodiversifyonlineservices.

D.Broadbandproviders'rightsshouldbeprotected.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

6.单选题

ChristmasisaChristianholydayusuallycelebratedonDecember25th（

）thebirthofJesusChrist.

问题1选项

A.inaccordancewith

B.intermsof

C.infavorof

D.inhonorof

【答案】D

【解析】句意:圣诞节是基督教祌圣的日子，通常在12月25日举行庆祝，以纪念耶稣基督的诞辰。

短语辨析。inaccordancewith依照,与…一致;intermsof就…而言,根据；infavorof赞成;inhonorof向…表示敬意,为庆祝…。故D符合句意。

7.单选题

Between1974and1997,thenumberofoverseasvisitorsexpanded______27%.

问题1选项

A.to

B.in

C.by

D.for

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项expandedto“增加到”；B选项expandin“在……中增加”；C选项expandby“增加了”；D选项expandfor非固定搭配。句意：在1974至1997年间，海外游客人数______27%。根据语境，这里指的是海外游客人数在这些年的对比，C选项expandby“增加了”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

8.单选题

“Thereisasenselessnotionthatchildrengrowupandleavehomewhenthey’re18,andthetruthisfarfromthat,”sayssociologistLarryBumpassoftheUniversityofWisconsin.Today,unexpectednumbersofyoungadultsarelivingwiththeirparents.“Thereisamajorshiftinthemiddleclass,”declaredsociologistAllanSchnaibergofNorthwesternUniversitywhoseson,19,movedbackinafteranabsenceofeightmonths.

Analystsciteavarietyofreasonsforthisreturntothenest.Themarriageageisrising,aconditionthatmakeshomeanditspleasantnessparticularlyattractivetoyoungpeople.Ahighdivorcerateandadecliningremarriageratearesendingeconomicallypressedandemotionallyhurtsurvivorsbacktoparentalshelters.Forsome,theexpenseofanaway-from-homecollegeeducationhasbecomesoexcessivelygreatthatmanystudentsnowattendlocalschools.Evenaftergraduation,youngpeoplefindtheirwingsclippedbyskyrocketinghousingcosts.

Livingathome,saysKnighton,aschoolteacher,continuestogivehersecurityandmoralsupport.Hermotheragreed,“It’sridiculousforthekidstopayallthatmoneyforrent.Itmakessenseforkidstostayathome.”Butsharingthefamilyhomerequiresadjustmentsforall.Therearethehasslesoverbathrooms,telephonesandprivacy.Somefamilies,however,managethedelicatebalancingact.Butforothers,itprovestoodifficult.MichelleDelTurco,24,hasbeenhomethreetimesandleftthreetimes.“WhatIconsideredasocialdrink,mydadconsideredanalcoholproblem,”sheexplains.“HeneverlikedanyoneIdated,soIeitherhadtohideawayormeetthematfriends’houses.”

Justhowlongshouldadultchildrenlivewiththeirparentsbeforemovingon?Mostpsychologistsfeellengthyhomecomingsareamistake.Children,strugglingtoestablishseparateidentities,canendupwith“asenseofinadequacy,defeatandfailure.”Andagingparents,whoshouldbeenjoyingsomefinancialandpersonalfreedom,findthemselvesstuckwithresponsibilities.Manyagreethatbriefvisits,however,canworkbeneficially.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,therewasonceatrendintheU.S.（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotaccountforyoungadultsreturningtothenest?

3.Oneofthedisadvantagesforyoungadultsreturningtostaywiththeirparentsisthat（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthebestforbothparentsandchildren?

问题1选项

A.foryoungadultstoleavetheirparentsandliveindependently

B.formiddleclassyoungadultstostaywiththeirparents

C.formarriedyoungadultstomovebackhomeafteralengthyabsence

D.foryoungadultstogetjobsnearbyinordertolivewiththeirparents

问题2选项

A.Youngadultsfindhousingcoststoohigh.

B.Youngadultsarepsychologicallyandintellectuallyimmature.

C.Youngadultsseekparentalcomfortandmoralsupport.

D.Quiteanumberofyoungadultsattendlocalschools.

问题3选项

A.therewillinevitablybeinconveniencesineverydaylife

B.mostparentsfinditdifficulttokeepabiggerfamilygoing

C.theyoungadultstendtobeoverprotectedbytheirparents

D.publicopinionisagainstyoungadultsstayingwiththeirparents

问题4选项

A.Theyshouldadjustthemselvestosharingthefamilyexpenses.

B.Childrenshouldleavetheirparentswhentheyaregrownup.

C.Adultchildrenshouldvisittheirparentsfromtimetotime.

D.Parentsshouldsupporttheiradultchildrenwhentheyareintrouble.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.Accordingtotheauthor,therewasonceatrendintheU.S.______.1.作者认为，在美国，______曾经是一种趋势。

A.foryoungadultstoleavetheirparentsandliveindependentlyA.年轻人离开父母独立生活

B.formiddleclassyoungadultstostaywiththeirparentsB.让中产阶级年轻人和父母住在一起

C.formarriedyoungadultstomovebackhomeafteralengthyabsenceC.已婚青年在长时间离家后搬回家住

D.foryoungadultstogetjobsnearbyinordertolivewiththeirparentsD.年轻人为了和父母住在一起而在附近找工作

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第一段的第一句“有一种毫无意义的观念认为孩子们长大后会在18岁时离开家（Thereisasenselessnotionthatchildrengrowupandleavehomewhenthey’re18）……”可推断，美国以前的观念认为孩子们长大后，会在18岁时离开家，A项“年轻人离开父母独立生活”符合这一分析。故该题选择A项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B项“让中产阶级年轻人和父母住在一起”和C项“已婚青年在长时间离家后搬回家住”是现在的趋势，而不是过去的趋势，属于反向干扰；

D项“年轻人为了和父母住在一起而在附近找工作”没有提及，属于无中生有。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotaccountforyoungadultsreturningtothenest?2.以下哪项不能解释年轻人返巢的情况？

A.Youngadultsfindhousingcoststoohigh.A.年轻人发现住房成本太高。

B.Youngadultsarepsychologicallyandintellectuallyimmature.B.年轻人在心理和智力上都不成熟。

C.Youngadultsseekparentalcomfortandmoralsupport.C.年轻人寻求父母的安慰和精神支持。

D.Quiteanumberofyoungadultsattendlocalschools.D.相当多的年轻人在当地上学。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第二段，该段讲述了年轻人返巢的各种原因：结婚年龄在上升，这使得家庭及其温馨对年轻人特别有吸引力。高离婚率和不断下降的再婚率正把经济拮据、感情受到伤害的幸存者送回父母的避难所。对一些人来说，离家上大学的费用太大了，以至于许多学生现在在当地上学。即使在毕业后，年轻人也发现他们的翅膀被飞涨的房价所束缚。理解可知，年轻人返巢的原因包括结婚年龄的上升、寻求父母的安慰、在当地上学以及住房成本高，只有B项“年轻人在心理和智力上都不成熟”在文中没有提到。因此，该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】A项“年轻人发现住房成本太高”、C项“年轻人寻求父母的安慰和精神支持”和D项“相当多的年轻人在当地上学”根据解题思路可知，符合原文，属于反向干扰。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.Oneofthedisadvantagesforyoungadultsreturningtostaywiththeirparentsisthat______.3.对于回到父母家的年轻人来说，其中一个缺点是______。

A.therewillinevitablybeinconveniencesineverydaylifeA.在日常生活中难免会有不便

B.mostparentsfinditdifficulttokeepabiggerfamilygoingB.大多数父母发现维持一个大家庭很难

C.theyoungadultstendtobeoverprotectedbytheirparentsC.年轻人往往受到父母的过度保护

D.publicopinionisagainstyoungadultsstayingwiththeirparentsD.公众舆论反对年轻人和父母住在一起

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第三段第三和第四句“共享家庭需要所有人做出调整。还有关于浴室、电话和隐私的争论。”，从中可知，年轻人和父母住在一起，日常生活中难免会有不便之处，A项符合题意，故该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B项“大多数父母发现维持一个大家庭很难”、C项“年轻人往往受到父母的过度保护”和D项“公众舆论反对年轻人和父母住在一起”在原文中都没有提及，属于无中生有。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthebestforbothparentsandchildren?4.根据文章，什么对父母和孩子都最好？

A.Theyshouldadjustthemselvestosharingthefamilyexpenses.A.他们应该调整自己以分担家庭开支。

B.Childrenshouldleavetheirparentswhentheyaregrownup.B.孩子们长大后应该离开父母。

C.Adultchildrenshouldvisittheirparentsfromtimetotime.C.成年子女应该时不时地去看望父母。

D.Parentsshouldsupporttheiradultchildrenwhentheyareintrouble.D.当成年子女有困难时，父母应该支持他们。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干可以定位至最后一段的内容：大多数心理学家认为长时间待在家里是个错误。努力独立的孩子们，最终可能会有“一种不足感、挫败感和失败感”。年迈的父母本应享受一些经济和个人自由，却发现自己被责任困住了。然而，许多人同意，短暂的拜访可能会产生有益的效果（Manyagreethatbriefvisits,however,canworkbeneficially）。从中我们可以知道，长时间待在家里对孩子和父母都有不利因素，短暂的拜访反倒益处更多，所以C项“成年子女应该时不时地去看望父母”是对父母和孩子都好的一种办法。故该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】

A项“他们应该调整自己以分担家庭开支”，根据解题思路可知，孩子们即使帮父母分担了家庭开支，父母还是失去了个人的自由，该项与原文不符，属于曲解原文；

B项“孩子们长大后应该离开父母”和D项“当成年子女有困难时，父母应该支持他们”没有提到。

9.单选题

Somecultureshavecustomsthat（）theclothingfashionsofpeopleincertainsocialclasses.

问题1选项

A.modify

B.alter

C.regulate

D.revise

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。modify"修改,更改;修饰";alter"改变,更改";regulate"控制,管理,调节";revise"修订,修改"。modify是指略微的修改,alter范围较广,指任何的改变,revise通常指修订课本,制度的管理和规定经常用regulate。句意：某些文化有一些习俗,这些习俗规定了某些社会阶层中人们的穿衣时尚。所以选项C正确。

10.单选题

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.ItisnowthebiggestandbusiestairportinEurope.

B.ItistheworstmanagedairportinGermanhistory.

C.IthasbecomeatypicalsymbolofGermanefficiency.

D.IthasbecomesomethingofajokeamongGermans.

问题2选项

A.Thecitywantedtoattractmoretourists.

B.Thecitywantedtoboostitseconomy.

C.Thecityhadjustbeenreunified.

D.Thecity’sairportareoutdated.

问题3选项

A.Problemsofdifferentkindskeptpoppingup.

B.Shortageoffundingdelayeditsconstruction.

C.Theconstructionfirmbreachedthecontract.

D.Themunicipalgovernmentkeptchanginghands.

问题4选项

A.Complaintsbylocalresidentsincrease.

B.Hugemaintenancecostsaccumulate.

C.Allkindsofequipmentgetsrusted.

D.TourismindustryinBerlinsuffers.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】RecordingThree

TodayI’mgoingtotalkaboutGermany’sdreamairportinBerlin.TheairportlooksexactlylikeeveryothermajormodernairportinEurope,exceptforonebigproblem:morethansevenyearsafteritwasoriginallysupposedtoopen,itstillstandsempty.Germanyisknownforitsefficiencyandrefinedengineering,butwhenitcomestoitsnewghostairportthisreputationcouldnotbefurtherfromthetruth.Plaguedbylongdelays,perpetualmismanagementandever-soaringcosts,[22]theairporthasbecomesomethingofajokeamongGermans—andasourceoffrustrationforlocalpoliticians,businessleadersandresidentsalike.

Planningforthenewairportbeganin1989.Atthetime,itbecameclearthat[23]thenewly-reunifiedBerlinwouldneedamodernairportwithfargreatercapacitythanitsexistingairports.Thecitybrokegroundonthenewairportin2006.Thefirstmajorsignofproblemscameinsummer2010,whentheconstructioncorporationpushedtheopeningfromOctober2011toJune2012.In2012,thecityplannedanopeningceremonybutlessthanamonthbeforehand,inspectorsfoundsignificantproblemswiththefiresafetysystemandpushedtheopeningbackagainto2013.

Itwasn’tjustthesmokesystem:[24]manyothermajorproblemssubsequentlyemerged.Morethan90metresofcablewereincorrectlyinstalled;4,000doorswerewronglynumbered;escalatorsweretooshort,andtherewasashortageofcheck-indesks.

Sowhy,withsomanyproblemsdiscovered,didn’ttheairportcorporationdecidetogiveupontheprojectandstartover?Thereasonissimple:peopleareoftenhesitanttoterminateaprojectwhenthey’vealreadyinvestedtimeorresourcesintoit,evenifitmightmakelogicalsensetodoso.

Thelongerthedelayscontinued,themoreproblemsinspectorsfound.Leadershipoftheplanningcorporationhaschangedhandsnearlyasmanytimesastheopeningdatehasbeenpushedback.Initially,ratherthanappointingageneralcontractortoruntheproject,thecorporationdecidedtomanageitthemselvesdespitelackofexperiencewithanundertakingofthatscale.

Tocompoundthedelays,[25]theunusedairportisresultinginmassivecosts.Everymonthitremainsunopenedcostsbetween9and10millioneuros.

Assumingallgoeswell,theairportshouldopeninOctober2020.Butthestill-emptyairportstandsasthebiggestembarrassmenttoGermany’sreputationforefficiency—andacontinuingdrainoncityandstateresources.

22.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutthedreamairportinBerlin?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问说话者如何评价柏林的梦想机场？说话者提到该机场成了德国人的笑话，因此D选项“这在德国人中成了一个笑话”与录音原文表述一致。A选项“它现在是欧洲最大最繁忙的机场”录音中并没有信息提及，并且这个机场尚未竣工，所以A选项可排除；B选项“它是德国历史上管理最差的机场”利用录音中perpetualmismanagement设干扰，录音只是提到机场长期管理不善，但无法知道是不是德国历史上最差的，因此排除B选项；C选项“它已经成为德国效率的典型象征”，录音提到德国因为效率而闻名，但现在这个机场错漏百出，竣工日期一拖再拖，因此C选项明显错误。

23.WhywasthereaneedforanewairportinBerlin?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问为何柏林需要一个新机场？录音提到，重新统一后的柏林需要一个比现有机场容量大得多的现代机场，说明现有机场的容量对重新统一后的柏林来说是不够的，无法匹配新时期的需求，也就是说“这个城市的机场已经过时”，因此D选项正确。A选项“这个城市想吸引更多游客”和B选项“这个城市想要发展经济”在录音中均未提及；C选项“这个城市刚刚重新统一”是对录音中newly-reunified的断章取义，“重新统一”只是当时的时代背景，表明进入了一个新的时期，但并非计划兴建新机场的原因。

24.WhydidBerlinpostponetheopeningofitsdreamairportagainandagain?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问为什么柏林一再推迟其梦想机场的开放？录音提到，发现问题第一次推迟之后，又发现消防安全系统存在重大问题，接着再推迟，随后又出现了许多其他的主要问题，拖延的时间越长，检查发现的问题就越多。因此A选项“各种各样的问题不断涌现”正确。B选项“资金短缺延误了工程建设”和C选项“建筑公司违反了合同”在录音中没有信息提及；D选项“市政府不断更换”利用录音中的changedhands设干扰，更换的是规划公司的领导层，并不是市政府，因此D选项不正确。

25.Whathappenswhiletheairportremainsunused?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问机场闲置时会发生什么？录音提到，闲置的机场造成了巨大的成本，因此B选项“巨大的维护成本会积累起来”正确。A选项“当地居民的抱怨增加”，录音中只是提到居民对于机场的态度是frustration“沮丧”，并没有提到居民的抱怨在增加，因此排除A选项。C选项“所有设备都生锈”和D选项“柏林的旅游业受到影响”在录音中均没有信息提及。

11.单选题

Herdoctorisconcernedaboutthe______ofherbloodpressuresinceherlastvisit.

问题1选项

A.intensity

B.elevation

C.boost

D.span

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项intensity“强度；强烈；亮度；紧张”；B选项elevation“高地；海拔；提高；崇高；正面图”；C选项boost“推动；帮助；宣扬”；D选项span“跨度，跨距；范围”。句意：自从她上次来看病以来，她的医生很担心她的血压______。血压一般用上升、下降或高、低来形容，句子的意思应该是医生担心她的血压升高，所以B选项正确。

12.案例题

Attheheartofthedebateoverillegalimmigrationliesonekeyquestion:areimmigrantsgoodorbadfortheeconomy?TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey'rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.Sowhyistheresuchadiscrepancybetweentheperceptionofimmigrants'impactontheeconomyandthereality?

Thereareanumberoffamiliartheories.Somearguethatpeopleareanxiousandfeelthreatenedbyaninflowofnewworkers.Othershighlightthestrainthatundocumentedimmigrantsplaceonpublicservices,likeschools,hospitals,andjails.Stillothersemphasizetheroleofrace,arguingthatforeignersaddtothenation'sfearsandinsecurities.There'ssometruthtoalltheseexplanations,buttheyaren'tquitesufficient.

Togetabetterunderstandingofwhat'sgoingon,considerthewayimmigration'simpactisfelt.Thoughitsoveralleffectmaybepositive,itscostsandbenefitsaredistributedunevenly.DavidCard,aneconomistatUCBerkeley,notesthattheoneswhoprofitmostdirectlyfromimmigrants'low-costlaborarebusinessesandemployers-meatpackingplantsinNebraska,forinstance,oragriculturalbusinessesinCalifornia.Granted,theseproducers'savingsprobablytranslateintolowerpricesatthegrocerystore,buthowmanyconsumersmakethatmentalconnectionatthecheckoutcounter?Asforthedrawbacksofillegalimmigration,these,too,areconcentrated.Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%between1980-2000.Amonghigh-skilled,better-educatedemployees,however,oppositionwasstrongestinstateswithbothhighnumbersofimmigrantsandrelativelygeneroussocialservices.Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthefiscal(财政的)burdenofimmigration.Thatconclusionwasreinforcedbyanotherfinding:thattheiroppositionappearedtosoftenwhenthatfiscalburdendecreased,asoccurredwithwelfarereforminthe1990s,whichcurbedimmigrants'accesstocertainbenefits.

Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected-say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents-theimpactisn'tallthatdramatic."Theunpleasantvoiceshavetendedtodominateourperceptions,"saysDanielTichenor,apoliticalscienceprofessorattheUniversityofOregon."Butwhenallthosefactorsareputtogetherandtheeconomistscalculatethenumbers,itendsupbeinganetpositive,butasmallone."Toobadmostpeopledon'trealizeit.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Whetherimmigrantsaregoodorbadfortheeconomyhasbeenpuzzlingeconomists.

B.TheAmericaneconomyusedtothriveonimmigrationbutnowit'sadifferentstory.

C.Theconsensusamongeconomistsisthatimmigrationshouldnotbeencouraged.

D.Thegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsontheimpactofimmigration.

2.InwhatwaydoestheauthorthinkordinaryAmericansbenefitfromimmigration?

A.Theycanaccessallkindsofpublicservices.

B.Theycangetconsumergoodsatlowerprices.

C.Theycanmixwithpeopleofdifferentcultures.

D.Theycanavoiddoingmuchofthemanuallabor.

3.Whydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegalimmigration?

A.Theyhavegreaterdifficultygettingwelfaresupport.

B.Theyaremorelikelytoencounterinterracialconflicts.

C.Theyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentpay.

D.Theyarenomatchforillegalimmigrantsinlaborskills.

4.Whatisthechiefconcernofnativehigh-skilled,better-educatedemployeesabouttheinflowofimmigrants?

A.Itmaychangetheexistingsocialstructure.

B.Itmayposeathreattotheireconomicstatus.

C.Itmayleadtosocialinstabilityinthecountry.

D.Itmayplaceagreatstrainonthestatebudget.

5.Whatistheironyaboutthedebateoverimmigration?

A.Eveneconomistscan'treachaconsensusaboutitsimpact.

B.Thosewhoareopposedtoitturnouttobenefitmostfromit.

C.Peoplearemakingtoobigafussaboutsomethingofsmallimpact.

D.Thereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenseeminglyoppositeopinions.

【答案】1.D

2.B

3.C

4.D

5.C

【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可以看出，美国民众和经济学家们对移民影响的看法不同。选项D正确。选项A，科学家们已经给出了自己的看法，不存在困扰一说；选项B美国经济过去因移民而得以繁荣，在第一段并没有提及；选项C经济学家们认为应该鼓励移民，在第一段中也没有信息提及。

2.根据第一段的倒数第二句“Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.”可知，选项B符合原文。

3.根据第三段“Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermost...reducedthewages...by9%.”所以当地低技能工人受移民影响最大的原因是他们很难找到一份收入体面的工作。

4.

根据第三段“Amonghigh-skilled...wasthefiscalburdenofimmigration.”他们最担心的是移民带来的财政负担。选项D符合原文。

5.

根据最后一段的第一句“Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.”具有讽刺意味的是，外界所有过度兴奋的辩论，对移民的影响却微乎其微。选项C人们对某些影响很小的事情其实有些小题大做了，符合原文。

13.单选题

Herpeerswereherworstcritics.

问题1选项

A.students

B.equals

C.teachers

D.subordinates

【答案】B

【解析】peer意为同等的人，同龄人。equal同辈，相等的事物；subordinate下属，从属。选项B与之意思相近。

14.填空题

TheUnitedStatesisanationofsuburbs.The1990census（人口普查）makesitofficial.Nearlyhalfthecountry’spopulationnowlivesinsuburbs,upfromaquarterin1950andathirdin1960.

ThethirdcenturyofAmericanhistoryisshapingupasthesuburbancentury.Until1920mostAmericanslivedinruralareas.By1960thecountrywasathirdurban,athirdrural,andathirdsuburban.Thatbalancedidn’tlastlong,however.By1990theurbanpopulationhadslippedto31percentandtheruralpopulationwasdowntolessthanaquarter.Wearenowasuburbannationwithanurbanfringeandaruralfringe.

ThefirstcenturyofAmericanlifewasdominatedbytheruralmyth:thesturdyandself-reliantJeffersonianfarmer.Bytheendofthenineteenthcentury,however,Americansweregettingoffthefarmsasfastastheycould,toescapethehardshipandbrutalityofrurallife.

Mostofthetwentiethcenturyhasbeendominatedbytheurbanmyth:themeltingpot;NewYork,NewYork;thecitiesasthenation’sgreatenginesofprosperityandculture.Allthewhile,however,Americanshavebeengettingoutofthecitiesassoonastheycanaffordtobuyahouseandacar.Theywanttoescapethecrowdinganddangersofurbanlife.Butthereismoretoitthanescape.AsKennethT.JacksonarguesinCrabgrassFrontier,ahistoryofsuburbanizationintheUnitedStates,thepullfactors(cheaphousingandtheidealofasuburban“dreamhouse”)havebeenasimportantasthepushfactorspopulationgrowthandracialprejudice).

The1990Censustellsthestoryoftheexplosivegrowthofsuburbs.Thatyearfourteenstateshadamajoritysuburbanpopulation,includingsixofthetenmostpopulousstates(California,Pennsylvania,Ohio,Michigan,Florida,andNewJersey).

Suburbangrowthisnotlikelytoendanytimesoon.Accordingtothepolls,43percentofBostonresidents,43percentofpeoplewholiveinLosAngeles,and60percentofthosewholiveinNewYorkCitysaytheywouldleavethecityiftheycould.WhentheGallupPollaskedAmericansin1989whatkindofplacetheywouldliketolivein,only19percentsaidacity.

Isthereasuburbanmyth?Surethereis.IthasbeenastapleofAmericanpopularculturesincethe1950s,fromtelevisionshowslikeTheAdventuresofOzzieandHarrietandLeaveIttoBeavertomovieslikeE.T.ThedebunkingofthesuburbanmythhasnowreachedAmericanpopularculture,wheretelevisioncomediesaboutlowermiddle-classfamilieslikeRoseanneandtheSimpsonsportraytheharshrealitiesofsuburbanlife-unemployment,troubledfamilies,and,aboveall,stress.

Write“A”forTrueor“F”forFalseinthebrackets:

_____61.ThegreaterpartoftheAmericanpopulationnowlivesinthesuburbs.

_____62.CheaphousingisoneofthereasonsforAmericanswantingtoliveinthesuburbs.

_____63.IntheU.S.ahouseinthesuburbsisasymbolofprosperityandculture.

_____64.In1989mostAmericansstillsaidtheypreferredlivinginurbanareas.

_____65.ThemainpartofAmericanpopularculturesincethe1950shasbeendominatedbythesuburbmyth.

【答案】F

T

F

F

F

【解析】1.定位到第一段Nearlyhalfthecountry’spopulationnowlivesinsuburbs,upfromaquarterin1950andathirdin1960.