考研考博-英语-南充科技职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4_第1页
考研考博-英语-南充科技职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4_第2页
考研考博-英语-南充科技职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4_第3页
考研考博-英语-南充科技职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4_第4页
考研考博-英语-南充科技职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩461页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南充科技职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Duanejumpedintothepoolimmediatelyafterlunch,determinedto______theideathatonemustwait30minutesbetweeneatingandswimming.

问题1选项

A.concede

B.debunk

C.placate

D.dupe

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.concede承认,让步B.debunk批判,驳斥,揭穿……的真相

C.placate抚慰,使和解D.dupe欺骗,愚弄

【答案】B

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据后面的同位语从句内容“一个人必须在吃饭后30分钟才能游泳”,结合主句意思“杜安饭后立即跳进游泳池”可知,______theidea表示的是“反驳这个说法”。因此,该题选择B项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】杜安饭后立即跳进游泳池,决心要反驳这个说法,即一个人必须在吃饭后30分钟才能游泳。

2.单选题

Inindividualisticcultures,peopleputemphasisonself-interests,andtendtohaveemotionaldetachmentfromtheirin-group.

问题1选项

A.concern

B.disinterestedness

C.dedication

D.fondness

【答案】B

【解析】考查上下文语义。A选项concern“关心;忧虑”;B选项disinterestedness“漠不关心,不感兴趣”;C选项dedication“奉献;献身”;D选项fondness“喜爱”。句意:在个人主义文化中,人们强调自身利益,往往在情感上____于自己的群体。由“个人主义”可知,人们往往强调自身利益,忽视集体利益,只有B选项与原文情感基调一致,符合题意。因此,本题最佳选项为B。

3.翻译题

Nowwehavesteppedintotheinformationsociety.Theinformationindustrydevelopsveryrapidly.However,therearealsoalotofproblems:thehackers,trick-playingteensandinternet-basedcriminals.Thus,informationsocietybecomesanimportantissue.Informationleakagemayhurtalotofdepartments,suchasrelatedauthorities,enterprises,organizationsorinstitutes,aswellasindividuals.

【答案】现在我们已经步入了信息社会。信息产业发展非常迅速。然而,也有很多问题:黑客、恶作剧的青少年和网络犯罪分子。因此,信息社会成为一个重要的问题。信息泄露可能会给很多部门造成伤害,如相关当局、企业、组织或机构以及个人。

4.单选题

Neverbefore()asrapidly,asduringthelastthreedecades.

问题1选项

A.communicationshavedeveloped

B.havecommunicationsdeveloped

C.havedevelopedcommunications

D.developedcommunications

【答案】B

【解析】考查倒装句。句意:沟通交流从未像过去30年这样发展迅速。否定词never置于句首,句子后半部分需要进行部分倒装。因此,需要将“have”提前,即正确答案为B项。

5.翻译题

1.Althoughmanypeopleclaimthat,alongwiththerapidlyeconomicdevelopment,thenumberofpeoplewhousebicyclearedecreasingandbicycleisboundtodieout.TheinformationI’vecollectedovertherecentyearsleadsmetobelievethatbicyclewillcontinuetoplayextremelyimportantrolesinmodernsociety.

2.Thereisageneraldiscussionthesedaysovereducationinmanycollegesandinstitutes.Oneofthequestionsunderdebateiswhethereducationisalifetimestudy.

3.Thesedays,peopleingrowingnumbersarebeginningtocomplainthatworkismorestressfulandlessleisurelythaninthepast.Manyexpertspointoutthat,alongwiththedevelopmentofmodernsociety,itisaninevitableresultandthereisnowaytoavoidit.

4.Manypeoplebelievethatinternationaltourismproducepositiveeffectsoneconomicgrowthandlocalgovernmentshouldbeencouragedtopromoteinternationaltourism.

5.Anyparentsshouldplaceconsiderableemphasisontheirchildrentokeepthebalancebetweenplayandstudy.Asanoldsayinggoes:AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.

【答案】1.尽管许多人认为随着经济的高速发展,用自行车的人数会减少,自行车可能会消亡。然而,这几年我收集的一些信息让我相信自行车仍然会继续在现代社会发挥极其重要的作用。

2.当前在高校和研究机构对教育存在着大量争论,其中一个问题就是教育是否是个终身学习的过程。

3.现在,越来越多的人们开始抱怨工作比以前更有压力。许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果,无法避免。

4.许多人认为国际旅游对经济发展有积极作用,应鼓励地方政府发展国际旅游。

5.任何家长都应非常重视保持孩子在学习与玩耍之间的平衡。正如那句老话:只工作,不玩耍,聪明的孩子会变傻。

6.单选题

Tobeagoodteacher,youneedsomeofthegiftsofagoodactor,youmustbeableto(1)theattentionandinterestofyourstudents;youmustbea(2)speaker,withagood,strong,(3)voicewhichisfullyunderyourcontrol;andyoumustbeableto(4)whatyouareteachinginordertomakeitsmeaningclear.(5)agoodteacherandyouwillseethathedoesnotsitstill(6)hisclass.Hestandsthewholetimewhenheisteaching;hewalksabout,usinghis(7),handsandfingerstohelphiminhisexplanations,andhisfacetoexpressfeeling.Listentohim,andyouwill(8)theloudness,thequalityandthemusicalnoteofhisvoicealways(9)accordingtowhatheis(10)about.Thefactthatagoodteacherhassomeofthegiftsofagoodactordoesn’t(11)thathewillindeedbeabletoact(12)onthestage,forthereareveryimportant(13)betweentheteacher’sworkandtheactor’s.Theactorhastospeakwordswhichhehaslearntbyheart;hehastorepeatexactlythe(14)wordseachtimeheplaysacertainpart;(15)hismovementsandthewaysinwhichheuseshisvoiceareusually(16)beforehand.Whathehastodoistomakeallthesecarefullylearntwordsandactionsseem(17)onthestage.

Agoodteacher(18)inquiteadifferentway.Hisstudentstakeanactivepartinhis(19):theyaskandanswerquestions;theyobeyorders;andiftheydon’tunderstandsomething,theywillsayso.Theteacherthereforehastosuithisacttotheneedsofhisstudents.Hecannotlearnhispartbyhispartbyheart,butmust(20)itashegoesalong.

问题1选项

A.pay

B.hold

C.give

D.know

问题2选项

A.clear

B.slow

C.quick

D.loud

问题3选项

A.frightening

B.exciting

C.fearing

D.pleasing

问题4选项

A.act

B.talk

C.say

D.repeat

问题5选项

A.Listen

B.Watch

C.Look

D.Observe

问题6选项

A.for

B.behind

C.before

D.with

问题7选项

A.tongue

B.words

C.sound

D.arms

问题8选项

A.hear

B.see

C.think

D.guess

问题9选项

A.making

B.changing

C.expressing

D.giving

问题10选项

A.talking

B.thinking

C.hearing

D.saying

问题11选项

A.tell

B.express

C.show

D.mean

问题12选项

A.good

B.badly

C.well

D.actively

问题13选项

A.things

B.differences

C.points

D.jobs

问题14选项

A.different

B.same

C.above

D.following

问题15选项

A.just

B.never

C.ever

D.even

问题16选项

A.read

B.known

C.fixed

D.written

问题17选项

A.natural

B.real

C.false

D.teaches

问题18选项

A.is

B.has

C.works

D.teaches

问题19选项

A.group

B.party

C.class

D.play

问题20选项

A.invent

B.discover

C.teach

D.continue

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

第6题:C

第7题:D

第8题:A

第9题:B

第10题:A

第11题:D

第12题:C

第13题:B

第14题:B

第15题:D

第16题:C

第17题:A

第18题:C

第19题:D

第20题:A

【解析】第1题:考查固定搭配。holdtheattentionofsb.表示“吸引某人的注意力”,故选B项。

第2题:考查形容词辨析。A选项clear“清楚的;清澈的”;B选项slow“慢的;减速的;迟钝的”;C选项quick“快的,迅速的;敏捷的”;D选项loud“大声的,高声的;不断的”。由后面的“makeitsmeaningclear(将意思表达清楚)”可知A项符合句意。

第3题:考查形容词辨析。A选项frightening“令人恐惧的,突然惊恐的”;B选项exciting“令人兴奋的;使人激动的”;C选项fearing是动词fear“害怕,担心”的现在分词;D选项pleasing“令人愉快的;讨人喜欢的”。此处应填形容词修饰名词voice,并且应与“good,strong”并列,因此D项符合语境。

第4题:考查动词辨析。A选项act“行动;表现;起作用;扮演”;B选项talk“说话;谈论;谈心”;C选项say“讲;说明;例如;声称”;D选项repeat“重复”。空格处动词的宾语是“whatyouareteaching(你所教授的内容)”,而由第一句中的youneedsomeofthegiftsofagoodactor(你需要具备一个好演员的一些天赋)可知A项正确。

第5题:考查动词辨析。A选项Listen“听,倾听”;B选项Watch“观察;注视;看守,指用眼睛跟随某物,以便对每一个变化、运动等进行观察”;C选项Look“看;期待;注意,侧重短暂的看的动作,但并不一定能看见,有时用来唤起别人的注意”;D选项Observe“观察;说;注意到,侧重以客观的态度观察”。空格处动词的宾语是“agoodteacher(一名好老师)”,因此B项正确。

第6题:空格处句意为:…她不是静止地站在班级的…。由此可知,C项“在……前面”符合句意。

第7题:考查名词辨析。由题干及选项可知空格处应填入一个名词,跟handsandfingers(手和手指)并列,因此D项“手臂”正确。

第8题:考查动词辨析。空格处动词的宾语是ofhisvoice(他的声音),因此A项“听见”正确。

第9题:考查动词辨析。A选项make“使得;进行;布置”;B选项change“改变,转变”;C选项express“表达;快递”;D选项give“产生;让步;举办”。句意:你将听见他的声音的大小、音质及音符根据…一直…,这里应表示“音符根据老师讲课时的声音有高低变化”,故B项符合句意。

第10题:考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式,并应与后面的about构成搭配。因此A项符合句意跟搭配。talkabout表示“谈论,讲”。D项为干扰项,D项与about搭配也表示“说到,谈及”,但不如A项正式。故选A。

第11题:考查固定搭配。doesnotmeanthat表示“不意味着”。

第12题:考查副词辨析。A选项good“好的,优良的”;B选项badly“非常,很;严重地”;C选项well“很好地;充分地”;D选项actively“积极地;活跃地”。句意:一个好的老师具有一个好的演员的一些天赋的事实不意味着他将确实能在舞台上……扮演,因此C项符合句意。

第13题:考查名词辨析。A选项things“事物”;B选项differences“偏差,差异”;C选项points“见解,目的”;D选项jobs“工作”。句意:老师与演员的工作有很重要的不同。因此B项符合句意。

第14题:考查形容词辨析。A选项different“不同的;个别的,与众不同的”;B选项same“相同的;同一的”;C选项above“前文述及的;上述的”;D选项following“其次的,接着的”。句意:每次他表演某一角色时,他(演员)不得不准确地重复…言语。因此,B项符合句意。

第15题:考查副词辨析。此处是对前面“使用同样言语”举例的进一步举例。因此D项“甚至”正确。

第16题:考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。A选项read“阅读;读懂”;B选项know“知道;认识;懂得”;C选项fix“固定;确定”;D选项write“写,书写”。句意:他的动作和他使用他的声音的方式经常事先…。由此可知C项正确。

第17题:考查形容词辨析。A选项natural“自然的;物质的”;B选项real“实际的;真实的”;C选项false“错误的;虚伪的”;D选项teach“教;教授;教导”。句意:他不得不做的就是去比这些被认真学习的言语和动作在舞台上看上去…。因此A项符合句意。

第18题:逻辑分析。由上一段的“theteacher’swork”对应可知C项“工作”正确。

第19题:考查名词辨析。A选项group“组;团体”;B选项party“政党,党派;聚会”;C选项class“阶级;班级;种类”;D选项play“游戏;比赛;剧本”。此处将老师比喻成演员,因此D项正确。

第20题:考查动词辨析。A选项invent“发明;创造;虚构”;B选项discover“发现;发觉”;C选项teach“教;教授;教导”;D选项continue“继续,延续;仍旧”。此处句意为:他不能熟记他的角色,而是一定要根据教学进展而…他的角色。空格前提到“必须让自己的扮演适应学生的需要”可知A项正确。

7.翻译题

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

OnefactorwhichmusthavegreatrelevancehereistheundeniablecircumstancethatthefeudalismofEuropeandChinawerefundamentallydifferent.(1)Europefeudalismwasmilitary-aristocratic:thepeasantryweregovernedbytheknightsintheirmanors,andtheyinturnweresubjecttothebaronsintheircastles,whilethekinginhispalaceruledoverall.Intimeofwarheneededthehelpofthelowerranksinthefeudalhierarchywhowereboundtorallytohimwithstatednumbersofmen-at-arms.HowdifferentwasthefeudalismofChina,longveryjustifiablydescribedasbureaucratic.(2)

ModemresearchisshowingthatthebureaucraticorganizationofChinainitsearlierstagesstronglyhelpedsciencetogrow;onlyinitslateronesdiditforciblyinhibitfurthergrowth,andinparticularpreventedabreakthroughwhichhasoccurredinEurope.Forexample,noothercountryintheworldatthebeginningoftheeighthcenturyADcouldhavesetupameridianarcsurveystretchingfromsouthtonorthsome2500miles.(3)Norcouldithavemountedanexpeditionatthattimetogoandobservethestarsofthesouthernhemispheretowithin

20°Cdegrees

ofthesouthcelestialpole;norindeedwouldithavewantedto.

(4)Itmaywellbethatasimilarpatternwillappearinthefuturewhenthehistoryofscience,technologyandmedicine,forallthegreatclassicalliterarycultures,suchasIndiaorSriLanka,comestobewrittenandgatheredin.Europehasenteredintotheirinheritance,producinganecumenicaluniversalscienceandtechnologyvalidforeverymanandwomanonthefaceoftheearth.OnecanonlyhopethattheshortcomingsofthedistinctivelyEuropeantraditionsinothermatterswillnotdebauchthenon-Europeancivilizations.(5)

Forexample,thesciencesofChinaandofIslamneverdreamedofdivorcingsciencefromethics,butwhenatheScientificRevolutionthefinalcauseofAristotlewasdoneawaywith,andethicschasedoutofscience,thingsbecameverydifferent,andmoremenacing.Thiswasgoodinsofarasitclarifiedanddiscriminatedbetweenthegreatformsofhumanexperience,butverybadanddangerouswhenitopenedthewayforevilmentousethegreatdiscoveriesofmodemscienceandactivitiesdisastrousforhumanity.

【答案】1.欧洲的封建主义是军事贵族式的:农民由庄园里的骑士统治,他们反过来又受制于城堡里的男爵,而国王在他的宫殿里统治着一切。

2.现代研究表明,中国早期的官僚组织有力地促进了科学的发展;其后期则严重抑制了科学的进步,尤其阻碍了中国像欧洲那样的突飞猛进的发展。

3.在当时也没有哪个国家有能力组织一支远征队去南半球探险,对南极20度范围内的星星进行观察,确实也没有哪个国家想那么做。

4.很可能是类似的模式将会出现在未来的历史科学、技术和医学、伟大的古典文学文化,如印度或斯里兰卡,编写和收集。

5.例如,中国的科学和伊斯兰教的科学从来没有想过要把科学从伦理中分离出来,但是当科学革命结束了亚里士多德的最终目标,伦理被驱逐出科学时,事情变得非常不同,而且更具威胁性。

8.单选题

Oncloser______,however,theplacehassubtlemarksofdistinction.

问题1选项

A.inspection

B.inspiration

C.expectation

D.execution

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项inspection“视察,检查”;B选项inspiration“灵感;鼓舞;吸气;妙计”;C选项expectation“期待;预期;指望”;D选项execution“执行,实行;完成;死刑”。句意:然而,仔细观察,这个地方有微妙的区别。因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

Globalizationisaphenomenonandarevolution.Itissweepingtheworldwithincreasingspeedandchangingthegloballandscapeintosomethingnewanddifferent.Yet,likeallsuchtrends,itsmeaning,development,andimpactpuzzlemany.Wetalkaboutglobalizationandexperienceitseffects,butfewofusreallyunderstandtheforcesthatareatworkintheglobalpoliticaleconomy.

Whenpeopleusetheircellphones,logontotheInternet,vieweventsfromaroundtheworldonlivetelevision,andexperiencevaryingculturesintheirownbackyards,theybegintobelievethatthisprocessofglobalizationisagoodthingthatwillbringavarietyofnewandsophisticatedchangestopeople’slives.Manyaspectsofthistechnologicalrevolutionbringfun,ease,andsophisticationtopeople’sdailylives.Yettheanti-WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)protestsinSeattle,Washingtonin1999andWashington,D.C.in2000aregraphicillustrationsofthefactthatnoteveryonebelievesthatglobalizationisagoodthing.ManyAmericanswhohavefeltleftoutoftheglobaleconomicboom,aswellasLatinAmericans,Africans,andAsianswhofeelthattheirjobskillsandabilitiesarebeingexploitedbymultinationalcorporations(MNCs)inaglobaldivisionoflabor,believethatthissystemdoesnotmeettheirneeds.LocalculturesthatbelievethatWal-MartandMcDonald’sbringingculturalchangeandharmratherthaninexpensiveproductsandconveniencecriticizetheprocess.Inthisway,globalization,likeallrevolutionaryforces,polarizespeople,altersthefabricoftheirlives,andcreatesriftswithinandbetweenpeople.

ManyintheWest,alongwiththeprominentandeliteamongMNCs,educators,andpolicymakers,seemtohaveembracedglobalization.Theyarguethatithelpstostreamlineeconomicsystems,disciplineslaborandmanagement,bringsforthnewtechnologiesandideas,andfuelseconomicgrowth.TheypointtotherelativeprosperityofmanyWesterncountriesandarguethatthisisproofofglobalization’spositiveeffects.Theyseelittleoftheproblemsthecriticsidentify.Infact,thosewhorecognizesomestructuralproblemsinthesystemarguethatdespitetheseissues,globalizationislikeacrossthedevelopingworld,viewglobalizationasaneconomicandculturalwavethattearsatthefabricofcenturies-oldsocieties.Theyseejobsemergingdisappearinginamatterofmonths,peoplemovingacrossthelandscapeinrecordnumbers,elitesamassinghugefortuneswhilelocalculturesandtraditionsaresweptaway,andlocalyouthbeingseducedbypromisesofAmericanmaterialwealthanddistancedfromtheirownculturalroots.Thesecriticslookpasttheallureofglobalizationandfocusonthedisquietingimpactofrapidandsystem-widechange.

Theironyofsuchafar-rangingandrapidhistoricalprocesssuchasglobalizationisthatbothproponentsandcriticsmayberight.Therealitiesofglobalizationarebothintriguingandalarming.Astechnologyandtheglobalinfrastructureexpand,ideas,methods,andservicesaredevelopedanddisseminatedtogreaterandgreaternumbersofpeople.Asaresult,societiesandvaluesarealtered,someforthebetterandothersfortheworse.

1.Theauthorcomplainsthat().

2.Theanti-worldTradeOrganizationprotestsindicatethat().

3.Likeallrevolutionaryforces,theprocessofglobalization().

4.Proponentsofglobalizationsingitspraisesonthebasisof().

5.Tocritics,theworstthingthatglobalizationhasbroughttousis().

问题1选项

A.fewofushaveaclearideaabouttheforcesbehindglobalpoliticaleconomy

B.globalizationisnowsweepingtheworldwithincreasingspeed

C.wearepuzzledbythetruemeaningofglobalization

D.toomanypeopleusecellphonestologontotheInternet

问题2选项

A.manypeoplefeelthattheyhavebeenleftout

B.theprocessofglobalizationbringsmorethanfun,easeandentertainment

C.noteveryoneisconvincedthatglobalizationisagoodthing

D.theendofglobalizationhasbecomemoregraphic

问题3选项

A.bringsinexpensiveproducts

B.createsdisagreementsbetweenpeople

C.leadstoculturalchangeandharm

D.artificesthelivesofpeople

问题4选项

A.newtechnologiesandideas

B.changingeconomicsystemsandmanagement

C.relativeprosperityofWesterncountries

D.thisinevitabletideofhistory

问题5选项

A.thepromisesofAmericanmaterialwealth

B.therapidchangeinsocialsystem

C.thedisappearanceoflocalculturesandtraditions

D.theconstantmovementofpeopleacrossthelandscape

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.根据第一段最后一句“butfewofusreallyunderstandtheforcesthatareatworkintheglobalpoliticaleconomy.”但很少有人真正了解在全球政治经济中起作用的力量。选项A符合原文。

2.根据关键词“theanti-worldTradeOrganization”定位到第二段第三句“Yettheanti-WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)...thefactthatnoteveryonebelievesthatglobalizationisagoodthing.”反世贸组织的抗议活动表明并非所有人都认为全球化是一件好事。选项C与原文表述一致。

3.根据第二段最后一句“Inthisway,globalization,likeallrevolutionaryforces,polarizespeople,altersthefabricoftheirlives,andcreatesriftswithinandbetweenpeople.”全球化就像所有的革命力量一样,使人民两极分化,改变他们的生活结构,并在人们内部以及人与人之间制造裂痕。选项B符合原文。

4.根据第三段第三句“TheypointtotherelativeprosperityofmanyWesterncountriesandarguethatthisisproofofglobalization’spositiveeffects.”他们指出,许多西方国家的相对繁荣证明了全球化的积极影响。选项C正确。

5.根据倒数第二段最后一句“Thesecriticslookpasttheallureofglobalizationandfocusonthedisquietingimpactofrapidandsystem-widechange.”批评人士认为,快速的、全系统的社会变革带来了令人不安的影响。也就是说,全球化导致了社会制度的迅速变化,使人们感到不安,所以选项B正确。

10.单选题

He()ofhavingmissedagoodopportunitytostudyabroadbuthe"knewitwasnousecryingoverspiltmilk.

问题1选项

A.wept

B.mourned

C.grieved

D.repented

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:weep“哭泣”;B:mourn“哀伤”;C:grieve“悲痛”;D:repent“后悔”。句意:他后悔错过了一个出国留学的好机会,但是他知道“覆水难收”。结合句意,可知D为正确答案。

11.单选题

Hedisplayedacompletelackofcourtesyandtactindealingwithhisemployer.

问题1选项

A.tenacity

B.curiosity

C.civility

D.hostility

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项tenacity“固执”;B选项curiosity“好奇”;C选项civility“礼貌”;D选项hostility“敌意”。句意:他与老板打交道时,他的言行完全缺乏礼貌,一点都不机智圆滑。C选项civility“礼貌”符合与老板交流的场景,和courtesy“礼貌”同义,符合题意。因此C选项正确。

12.单选题

Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines;theBug-EyedMonsterembodyingeveryfeaturethatmostpeoplefindrepulsive.Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegradesaworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.Thebasicinterestofsciencefictionliesintherelationbetweenmanandhistechnologyandbetweenmanandtheuniverse.Sciencefictionisaliteratureofchangeandaliteratureofthefuture,andwhileitwouldbefoolishtoclaimthatsciencefictionisamajorliterarygenreatthistime,theaspectsofhumanlifethatitconsidersmakeitwellworthreadingandstudying—fornootherliteraryformdoesquitethesamethings.

Thequestionis:whatissciencefiction?Andtheanswermustbe,unfortunately,thattherehavebeenfewattemptstoconsiderthisquestionatanylengthorwithmuchseriousness;itmaywellbethatsciencefictionwillresistanycomprehensivedefinitionofitscharacteristics.Tosaythis,however,doesnotmeanthattherearenowaysofdefiningitnorthatvariousfacetsofitstotalitycannotbeclarified.Tobeginwith,thefollowingdefinitionshouldbehelpful:sciencefictionisaliterarysubgenrewhichpostulatesachange(forhumanbeings)fromconditionsasweknowthemandfollowtheimplicationsofthesechangestoaconclusion.Althoughthisdefinitionwithnecessarilybemodifiedandexpanded,andprobablychanged,inthecourseofthisexploration,itcoversmuchofthebasicgroundworkandprovidesapointsofdeparture.

Thefirstpoint—thatsciencefictionisaliterarysubgenre—isaveryimportantone,butonewhichisoftenoverlookedorignoredinmostdiscussionsofsciencefiction.Specifically,sciencefictioniseitherashortstoryoranovel.Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction,withKarelCapek’sRUR(Rossum’sUniversalRobots)beingtheonlyonethatiswellknown;thebodyofpoetrythatmightbelabeledsciencefictionisonlyslightlylarge.Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionthatistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral—thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.

Everythingthatcanbesaidaboutprosefictioningeneralappliestosciencefiction.Everypieceofsciencefiction,whethershortstoryornovel,musthaveanarrator,astory,aplot,asettingcharacters,language,andtheme.Andlikeanyprose,thethemesofsciencefictionareconcernedwithinterpretingman’snatureandexperienceinrelationtotheworldaroundhim.Themesinsciencefictionareconstructedandpresentedinexactlythesamewaysthatthemesaredealtwithinanyotherkindoffiction.Theyaretheresultofaparticularcombinationofnarratorstory,plot,character,setting,andlanguage.Inshort,thereasonsforreadingandenjoyingsciencefiction,andthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingit,arebasicallythesameastheywouldbeforanyotherstoryornovel.

1.Sciencefictioniscalledaliterarysubgenrebecause______.

2.Theviewofsciencefictionencouragedbypulpmagazines,whilewrong,isnevertheless______.

3.Anappropriatetitleforthepassagewouldbe______.

4.Theauthor’sdefinitionsuggeststhatallsciencefictiondealswith______.

5.Oneimplicationofthefinalsentenceinthepassageisthat______.

问题1选项

A.itisnotimportantenoughtobealiterarygenre

B.itcannotbemadeintoadramaticpresentation

C.tocallita“genre”wouldsubjectittoliteraryjargon

D.itsharescharacteristicswithothertypesofprosefiction

问题2选项

A.popular

B.deranged

C.elegant

D.accurate

问题3选项

A.OntheInaccuraciesofPulpMagazines

B.ManandtheUniverse

C.TowardaDefinitionofScienceFiction

D.ATypeofProseFiction

问题4选项

A.thesametopicsaddressedbynovelsandshortstories

B.theunfamiliarorunusual

C.KarelCapek’swell-knownpostulate

D.theconflictbetweenscienceandfiction

问题5选项

A.therearereasonsforenjoyingsciencefiction

B.thereadershouldturnnexttocommentariesongeneralfiction

C.thereisnoreasonforanyreadernottolikesciencefiction

D.thosewhocanreadandanalyzefictioncanalsodosowithsciencefiction

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“科幻小说之所以被称为文学流派分支是因为……”。根据第三段最后一句Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionthatistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral—thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.(科幻小说是散文小说的一个分支,也就是说,它具有一般散文小说的所有基本特征和基本功能,即它与其他所有的小说和短篇故事有很多共同之处)可知,D项“它与其他类型的散文小说有共同的特点”正确;根据第一段Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines…Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegradesaworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.(许多人似乎认为科幻小说以一些老式低俗杂志的封面为代表……这是不幸的,因为它贬低了一个值得的,甚至是重要的文学努力)可知,科幻小说是重要的文学努力,A项“它还不够重要去成为一种文学体裁”错误;根据第三段中的Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction(只有少数戏剧可以被称为科幻小说)可知,科幻小说可以以戏剧形式出现,B项“不能以戏剧的形式表演”错误;根据第三段第一句Thefirstpoint—thatsciencefictionisaliterarysubgenre—isaveryimportantone(科幻小说是文学的一个分支,这一点非常重要)可知,科幻小说就是属于文学流派分支,C项“称其为体裁会使它从属于文学流派”也不符合原文。因此,该题选择D项正确。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“被低俗杂志推崇的科幻小说这一的观点尽管是错误的,然而它却是……”。根据第一段Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines.(许多人似乎认为科幻小说以一些老式低俗杂志的封面为代表)可知,这种观点是非常普遍的,A项“流行的,普遍的”正确;B项“疯狂的”、C项“优雅的”和D项“准确的”表述都不够准确。因此,该题选择A项正确。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章恰当的标题应该是……”。通读全文可知,文章主要是阐述科幻小说的定义,即它和散文小说有共同的特点,属于文学流派的分支,故C项“科幻小说的定义”最能概括全文;A项“关于低俗杂志的不准确性”和D项“散文小说的一种类型”都只是部分提及;B项“人与宇宙”没有提到。因此,该题选择C项正确。

4.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者的定义表明,所有科幻小说都涉及……”。根据第三段最后一句ithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral—thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.(它具有一般散文小说的所有基本特征和基本功能,即它与其他所有的小说和短篇故事有很多共同之处)以及最后一段中的Themesinsciencefictionareconstructedandpresentedinexactlythesamewaysthatthemesaredealtwithinanyotherkindoffiction.(科幻小说中的主题的构建和呈现方式与其他任何类型的小说的主题处理方式完全相同)可以推断,A项“与小说和短篇故事一样的主题”是正确的;B项“不常见的或者是不寻常的事物”和D项“科学和小说间的冲突”在文中没有根据;C项“KarelCapek著名的假设”,文中第三段只提到了Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction,withKarelCapek’sRUR(Rossum’sUniversalRobots)beingtheonlyonethatiswellknown(只有少数戏剧可以被称为科幻小说,其中KarelCapek的《Rossum’sUniversalRobots》是唯一著名的),可知C项无中生有。因此,该题选择A项正确。

5.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“文章最后一个句子的含义是……”。文章最后一句话是Inshort,thereasonsforreadingandenjoyingsciencefiction,andthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingit,arebasicallythesameastheywouldbeforanyotherstoryornovel.(简而言之,阅读和欣赏科幻小说的原因,以及研究和分析科幻小说的方式,基本上与阅读其他故事或小说的方式相同)可知,阅读和欣赏科幻小说的原因以及分析它的方式基本和其他故事或小说的方式基本相同,因此可以反推,能够阅读和分析小说的人也能读科幻小说,故D项“那些能读和分析小说的人也能读科幻小说”符合题意;A项“喜欢科幻小说是有原因的”只是句子的一段信息,并不是该句的含义;B项“读者应该求助于一般小说的评论”和C项“读者没有理由不喜欢科幻小说”在本句没有提到。因此,该题选择D项正确。

13.单选题

She’scute,noquestion.Symmetricalfeatures,flawlessskin,lookstobe22yearsold-enteringanymeat-marketbar,awomanluckyenoughtohavethisfacewouldturnenoughheadstostirabreeze.ButwhenVictorJohnstonpointsandclicks,thefaceonhiscomputerscreenchangesintoastateofsuperheated,crystallizedbeauty.“Youcanseeit.It’sjustsoextraordinary,”saysJohnston,aprofessorofbiopsychologyatNewMexicoStateUniversitywhosoundsalittleinlovewithhiscreation.

Thetransformationfromprettywomantoknee-weakeningbabeisallthemoreamazingbecausethechangeswroughtbyJohnston’ssoftwareare,objectivelyspeaking,quitesubtle.Hecreatedtheoriginalfacebydigitallyaveraging16randomlyselectedfemaleCaucasianfaces.Thechangingprogramthenexaggeratedthewaysinwhichfemalefacesdifferfrommalefaces,creating,inhuman-beauty-sciencefield,a“hyper-female".Theeyesgrewabitlarger,thenosenarrowedslightlyandthelipsplumped.Theseareshiftsofjustafewmillimeters,butexperimentsinthiscountryandScotlandaresuggestingthatbothmalesandfemalesfind“feminized”versionsofaveragedfacesmorebeautiful.

Johnstonhatchedthislittlemovieaspartofhisongoingstudyintowhyhumanbeingsfindsomepeopleattractiveandothershomely.Hemaynothaveanyrock-solidanswersyet,butheisfarfromaloneinattemptingtoapplyscientificinquirytosoambiguousasubject.Aroundtheworld,researchersaremarchingintoterritoryformerlystakedoutbypoetsandpainterstouncovertheunderpinningsofhumanattractiveness.

Theresearchresultssofararesurprisingandhumbling.Numerousstudiesindicatethathumanbeautymaynotbesimplyintheeyeofthebeholderoranarbitraryculturalartifact.Itmaybeancientanduniversal,wroughtthroughagesofevolutionthatrewardedreproductivewinnersandkilledofflosers.Ifbeautyisnottruth,itmaybehealthandfertility:HalleBerry'sflawlessskinmayfascinatemoviegoersbecause,atsomedeeplevel,itpersuadesusthatsheisparasite-free.

Humanattractivenessresearchisarelativelyyoungandcertainlycontentiousfield—theallureofhyper-females,forexample,isstillhotlydebated—butthoseonitsfrontlinesagreeononepoint:Wewon'tconquer“looks-ism”untilweunderstanditssource.AspsychologistNancyEtcoffputsit:“Theideathatbeautyisunimportantora

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论