考研考博-英语-天津工艺美术职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津工艺美术职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Ascientistwhodoesresearchineconomicpsychologyandwhowantstopredictthewayinwhichconsumerswillspendtheirmoneymuststudyconsumerbehavior.Hemustobtaindatabothontheresourcesofconsumersandonthemotivesthattendtoencourageordiscouragemoneyspending.

Ifaneconomistwereaskedwhichofthreegroupsborrowmost—peoplewithrisingincomes,stableincomes,ordecliningincomes—hewouldprobablyanswer:thosewithdecliningincomes.Actually,intheyears1947-1950,theanswerwas:peoplewithrisingincomes.Peoplewithdecliningincomeswerenextandpeoplewithstableincomesborrowedtheleast.Thisshowsusthattraditionalassumptionsaboutearningandspendingarenotalwaysreliable.Anothertraditionalassumptionisthatifpeoplewhohavemoneyexpectpricestogoup,theywillhastentobuy.Iftheyexpectpricestogodown,theywillpostponebuying.Butresearchsurveyshaveshownthatthisisnotalwaystrue.Theexpectationsofpriceincreasesmaynotstimulatebuying.Onetypicalattitudewasexpressedbythewifeofamechanicinaninterviewasatimeofrisingprices.“Inafewmonths,”shesaid,“we’llhavetopaymoreformeatandmilk;we’llhavelesstospendonotherthings.”Herfamilyhadbeenplanningtobuyanewcarbuttheypostponedthispurchase.Furthermore,theriseinpricesthathasalreadytakenplacemayberesentedandbuyer’sresistancemaybeevoked.Thisisshownbythefollowingtypicalcomment:“Ijustdon’tpaytheseprices;theyaretoohigh.”

Traditionalassumptionsshouldbeinvestigatedcarefully,andfactorsoftimeandplaceshouldbeconsidered.TheinvestigationsmentionedabovewerecarriedoutinAmerica.InvestigationsconductedatthesametimeinGreatBritain,however,yieldedresultsthatweremoreinagreementwithtraditionalassumptionsaboutsavingandspendingpatterns.Theconditionmostconductivetospendingappearstobepricestability.Ifpriceshavebeenstableandpeoplehavebecomeaccustomedtoconsiderthem“right”andexpectthemtoremainstable,theyarelikelytobuy.Thus,itappearsthatthecommonbusinesspolicyofmaintainingstablepriceswithoccasionalsalesordiscountsisbasedonacorrectunderstandingofconsumerpsychology.

31.Theexampleofthemechanic’swifeisintendedtoshowthatintimesofrisingprices________.

32.FindingsininvestigationsinBritainindicate________.

33.Accordingtothepassagepeopletendtobuymorewhen________.

34.Thebesttitleofthepassageis:________.

35.Thewordevokedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto________.

问题1选项

A.peoplewithdecliningincometendtobuyless

B.peoplewithstableincometendtoborrowless

C.peoplewithincreasingincometendtobuymore

D.peoplewithmoneyalsotendtobuyless

问题2选项

A.certainfactorsshouldbetakenintoaccount

B.peopleinBritainbehaveinthesamewayasthoseinAmerica

C.pricestabilityresultsfromacorrectunderstandingofconsumerpsychology

D.occasionaldiscountsandsalesarenecessary

问题3选项

A.pricesareexpectedtogoup

B.pricesareexpectedtogodown

C.pricesdon’tchange

D.thebusinesspolicyremainsunchanged

问题4选项

A.Consumer’sPurchasingPower

B.RelationshipbetweenIncomeandPurchasingPower

C.TraditionalAssumptions

D.StudiesinConsumerBehavior

问题5选项

A.proscribed

B.revoked

C.conjuredup

D.exclaimed

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】31.事实细节题。根据第二段第八、九句Theexpectationsofpriceincreasesmaynotstimulatebuying.Onetypicalattitudewasexpressedbythewifeofamechanicinaninterviewasatimeofrisingprices.（价格上涨的预期可能不会刺激购买。一名机修工的妻子在一次采访中表达了一种典型的态度，当时物价正在上涨。），可知有钱的人在价格上涨的时候也会少买东西，所以D选项“有钱的人也倾向于少买东西”正确。A选项“收入下降的人往往买得更少”，B选项“有稳定收入的人倾向于少借钱”和C选项“收入增加的人倾向于买更多的东西”错误。因此D选项正确。

32.语义推测题。根据第三段一、二、三句Traditionalassumptionsshouldbeinvestigatedcarefully,andfactorsoftimeandplaceshouldbeconsidered.TheinvestigationsmentionedabovewerecarriedoutinAmerica.InvestigationsconductedatthesametimeinGreatBritain,however,yieldedresultsthatweremoreinagreementwithtraditionalassumptionsaboutsavingandspendingpatterns.（应认真研究传统假设，并考虑时间和地点因素。上述调查是在美国进行的。然而，与此同时在英国进行的调查得出的结果更符合有关储蓄和支出模式的传统假设），在英国的研究考虑了某些因素以后，结果更符合假设，所以A选项“应该考虑某些因素”正确，B选项“英国人的行为举止和美国人一样”在这里没有提到。C选项“价格稳定源于对消费者心理的正确理解”和D选项“有必要偶尔打折和销售”：和研究没有直接的关系，故错误。因此A选项正确。

33.语义推测题。根据第三段倒数第二句Ifpriceshavebeenstableandpeoplehavebecomeaccustomedtoconsiderthem“right”andexpectthemtoremainstable,theyarelikelytobuy.（如果价格一直保持稳定，而且人们已经习惯于认为价格是“正确的”，并期望价格保持稳定，他们可能会购买。），可知在价格稳定的时候，人们会买东西，所以C选项“价格不变”正确，A选项“价格预计会上涨”和B选项“价格预计会下降”错误。D选项“商业措施不变”：根据文章最后一句thecommonbusinesspolicyofmaintainingstablepriceswithoccasionalsalesordiscounts（通过偶尔的销售或折扣来保持价格稳定的商业政策），这里说通过商业措施的变动来稳定价格，不是不变，故错误。因此C选项正确。

34.主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句Ascientistwhodoesresearchineconomicpsychologyandwhowantstopredictthewayinwhichconsumerswillspendtheirmoneymuststudyconsumerbehavior.（一个研究经济心理学并想预测消费者花钱方式的科学家必须研究消费者行为。），随后通过研究得出消费者心理影响消费者消费方式，所以D选项“消费者行为研究”正确。A选项“消费者的购买力”，B选项“收入和购买力的关系”和C选项“传统假设”都是文章部分内容，不足以概括全文，故错误。因此D选项正确。

35.词义辨析题。Evoked意思是唤起（感情、记忆或形象），所以C选项“使在脑海中浮现，使联想起”正确。A选项“谴责；宣布禁止”，B选项“撤销”和D选项“呼喊”意思不符，故错误。因此C选项正确。

2.单选题

Thegovernmentlackedmoneybecauseofbitingoil（

）.

问题1选项

A.prices

B.stations

C.buildings

D.revenues

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。price“价格；价值”；station“车站；驻地；地位”；building“建筑；建筑物”；revenue“税收，税收收入”。句意：政府因为棘手的石油收入而缺钱。选项D符合题意。

3.翻译题

TheopeningofDisneylandwillbringmanyassociatedinvestmentopportunities.Atleastfoureconomicsectorswillbenefitdirectly.First,propertymarkets.HousingandcommercialrealestatepricesaroundtheDisneylandareaarealreadyrising.Second,thetourismsector.Aftertheopening,analystsexpect3to5millionmoretouristswillvisitShanghaieveryyear,bringmorebusinesstohotels,travelagenciesandretails.Third,brandmarketingwillgiveaboosttotoymanufactures,publishersandthegamingindustry.Fourth,constructioncompaniesandmaterialsupplierswillenjoyahugeincrease,comparabletothe2010ShanghaiworldExpo.Disneyland’sfirstphaseofconstructionisexpectedtocost24billionyuan.

【答案】迪士尼在上海开园会带来许多相关的投资机会。至少有四个经济领域将直接受益。首先是房地产市场。迪士尼乐园周围的地产商业价格已经上涨。其次是旅游业。开园后，分析师预测每年有300万到500万甚至更多的游客将访问上海，这给酒店、旅行社和零售商带来更多的生意。再次，品牌营销将促进玩具制造业、出版业和游戏行业的发展。不仅如此，施工企业和材料供应商的业务量将大幅度增长，堪比2010年上海世博会。迪士尼乐园的第一期工程预计将耗资240亿人民币。

4.单选题

Nobodyknewhowhecameupwiththis（

）ideaaboutthetrip.

问题1选项

A.weary

B.twilight

C.unanimous

D.weird

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析。句意:没有人知道他是怎么想出这么一个旅行点子。

weary:疲倦的，使人厌烦的。twilight:虚幻的，暮年的。unanimous:意见一致的。weird:怪异的，不可思议的。故D项符合句意。

5.单选题

Inthe20thcentury,allthenightmare-novelsofthefutureimaginedthatbookswouldbeburnt.Inthe21thcentury,ourdystopiasimagineaworldwherebooksareforgotten.Topluckjustone,GarySteynghart’snovelSuperSadTrueLoveStorydescribesaworldwhereeverybodyisobsessedwiththeirelectronicapparatus—anevenmoreomnivorousiPhonewithaflickeringstreamofshoppingandrealityshowsandporn—andhavesomehowcometobelievethatthefewremainingunreadpaperbooksletoffaranksmell.Thebookonthebook,itsuggests,isclosing.

Thebook—thephysicalpaperbook—isbeingcircledbyashoalofsharks,withsalesdown9percentthisyearalone.It’sbeingchewedbythee-book.It’sbeinggoredbythedeathofthebookshopandthelibrary.Andmostimportantly,thementalspaceitoccupiedisbeingerodedbythethousandWeaponsofMassDestructionthatsurroundusall.It’shardtoadmit,butweallsenseit:itisbecomingalmostphysicallyhardertoreadbooks.

InhisgorgeouslittlebookTheLostArtofReading—WhyBooksMatterinaDistractedTime,thecriticDavidUlinadmitstoastrangefeeling.Allhislife,hehadtakenreadingasforgrantedaseating—butthen,afewyearsago,he“becomeaware,inanapartmentfullofbooks,thatIcouldnolongerfindwithinmyselfthequietnecessarytoread”.Hewouldsitdowntodoitatnight,ashealwayshad,andreadafewparagraphs,thenfindhismindwaswandering,imploringhimtocheckhisemail,orTwitter,orFacebook.“WhatI’mstrugglingwith,”hewrites,“istheencroachmentofthebuzz,thesensethatthere’ssomethingouttherethatmeritsmyattention.”

Ithinkmostofushavethissensetoday,ifwearehonest.Ifyoureadabookwithyourlaptopthrummingontheothersideoftheroom,itcanbeliketryingtoreadinthemiddleofaparty,whereeverybodyisshoutingtoeachother.Toread,youneedtoslowdown.Youneedmentalsilenceexceptforthewords.That’sgettinghardertofind.

No,don’tmisunderstandme.Iadoretheweb,andtheywillhavetowrenchmyTwitterfeedfrommycolddeadhands.Thisisn’tgoingtoturnintoanantediluvianrantagainstthegloriesofourwiredworld.Butthere’sareasonwhythatword—“wired”—meansboth“connectedtotheinternet”and“high,frantic,unabletoconcentrate”.

Intheageoftheinternet,physicalpaperbooksareatechnologyweneedmore,notless.Inthe1950s,thenovelistHermanHessewrote:“Themoretheneedforentertainmentandmainstreameducationcanbemetbynewinventions,themorethebookwillrecoveritsdignityandauthority.Wehavenotyetquitereachedthepointwhereyoungcompetitors,suchasradio,cinema,etc,havetakenoverthefunctionsfromthebookitcan’taffordtolose.”

31.BymentioningtheworkofGarySteynghart,theauthorintendsto________.

32.Themostsignificantreasonforthefallingsalesofpaperbooksisthat________.

33.Accordingtoparagraph3,wecaninferthat________.

34.Theexplanationoftheword“wired”probablyindicatesthat________.

35.Whichofthefollowingwilltheauthormostprobablyagreeon?

问题1选项

A.advocatetheideathatreadingphysicalpaperbooksisoutoffashion

B.introduceabrandnewelectronicproductevenmoreomnivorousthaniPhone

C.provethatbookswillbeoutweighedbyrealityshowsandporninthefuture

D.indicatethatbooksareleftoutinfictionsdescribingthefutureworld

问题2选项

A.electronicbooksaretakingovermoreandmoremarketshareofpaperbooks

B.people’mindsdon’thavethespaceforreadingduetoallkindsoftemptation

C.bookstoresareoutofbusinessaspeopleprefertoborrowingbooksfromthelibrary

D.peoplethinkthingsontheInternetaremoreworthyoftheirattention

问题3选项

A.peopleareinclinedtotakereadingforgranted

B.people’mindsareencroachedbytheInternet

C.it’shardtoconcentrateonreadingnowadays

D.DavidUlin’sbookgivesreadersastrangefeeling

问题4选项

A.peoplealwaysmisunderstandthefunctionsofinternet

B.Internetispartlyresponsibleforthevanishingofpaperbooks

C.peoplecalltheinternet“wiredworld”forareason

D.Internetwilltakeoverthefunctionsofpaperbooks

问题5选项

A.Truereaderscanmaintainreadinginallkindsofenvironment,includingnoisyone.

B.TheInternetshouldbestrictlycondemnedforendangeringphysicalpaperbooks.

C.Physicalpaperbooksarefacingextremedangerofbeingreplacedbyotherthings.

D.Readingbooksisn’tinaccordancewiththeincreasingneedforentertainment.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】31.推理判断题。根据第一段Inthe20thcentury,allthenightmare-novelsofthefutureimaginedthatbookswouldbeburnt…Topluckjustone,GarySteynghart’snovel…describesaworldwhereeverybodyisobsessedwiththeirelectronicapparatus—anevenmoreomnivorousiPhonewithaflickeringstreamofshoppingandrealityshowsandporn—andhavesomehowcometobelievethatthefewremainingunreadpaperbooksletoffaranksmell.（在20世纪，所有关于未来的可怕小说都想象书会被烧毁……只举一个例子，GarySteynghart的小说……描述了一个世界，在这里每个人都沉迷于电子设备——一个更无所不包的苹果手机，里面有闪烁的购物车、真人秀和色情——不知怎么的，人们开始认为剩下的几本没读过的纸书散发一股臭味。）可知在第一段中作者主要想表达在描述未来的书中不会有书的位置，所以D选项“表明在描述未来世界的小说中没有书”正确，没有说到真人秀等事物和书籍的关系，故C选项“证明书籍在未来将被真人秀和色情所取代”错误。A选项“提倡阅读纸质书已经过时的观点”和B选项“推出一款比iPhone更杂项的全新电子产品”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此D选项正确。

32.事实细节题。根据第二段第四句Andmostimportantly,thementalspaceitoccupiedisbeingerodedbythethousandWeaponsofMassDestructionthatsurroundusall.（最重要的是，它所占据的精神空间正在被我们周围数以千计的大规模毁灭性武器所侵蚀。），可知纸质书销量下降主要是因为读者的思想被其他的东西占据，所以B选项“由于各种各样的诱惑，人们的思维没有空间来阅读”正确。A选项“电子图书正在占领越来越多的市场份额的纸质书”：根据第二段第二句It’sbeingchewedbythee-book.（它正在被电子书啃噬。），可知文中有提到，但这不是主要原因，故错误。C选项“书店因为人们更喜欢从图书馆借书而歇业”：根据第二段第三句It’sbeinggoredbythedeathofthebookshopandthelibrary.（它受到书店和图书馆落寞的冲击。），可知书店和图书馆没有直接联系，也不是主要原因，故错误。D选项“人们认为互联网上的东西更值得他们关注”：文章没有提及，故错误。因此B选项正确。

33.推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句It’shardtoadmit,butweallsenseit:itisbecomingalmostphysicallyhardertoreadbooks.（这很难承认，但我们都能感觉到：阅读书籍正变得越来越困难。），接着在第三段第一句thecriticDavidUlinadmitstoastrangefeeling（评论家DavidUlin承认他有一种奇怪的感觉），这种感觉就是couldnolongerfindwithinmyselfthequietnecessarytoread（再也无法在自己内心找到阅读所必需的安静），综合来看，C选项“现在很难集中精力读书”正确。A选项“人们倾向于视阅读理所当然”：根据第三段第二句Allhislife,hehadtakenreadingasforgrantedaseating（在他的一生中，他把阅读当作理所当然的饮食），这是David的想法，而不是人们普遍的想法，故错误。B选项“人们的思想被互联网侵占”：这在之前就提到，也不是这一段表达的重点，故错误。D选项“DavidUlin的书给读者一种奇怪的感觉”不符合文章内容，因此C选项正确。

34.语义推测题。根据第五段第三、四句Thisisn’tgoingtoturnintoanantediluvianrantagainstthegloriesofourwiredworld.Butthere’sareasonwhythatword—“wired”—meansboth“connectedtotheinternet”and“high,frantic,unabletoconcentrate”.（喜爱网络不会变成不合时宜地对网络世界的繁荣进行痛斥。但这就是“wired”这个词既表示“连接互联网”，又表示“兴奋、疯狂、无法集中注意力”的原因。），这里的无法集中注意力指的是不能静下来读书，所以这里表达的是互联网让人不像以前那样读书多了，B选项“互联网对纸质书的消失负有部分责任”正确，人们不会因为其他原因而怒斥互联网本身，所以A选项“人们总是误解互联网的功能”错误。C选项“人们称互联网为‘连线世界’是有原因的”：不是这里要表达的重点，并且这是对原文的重述，不属于推断，故错误。D选项“互联网将取代纸质书的功能”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此B选项正确。

35.观点态度题。根据文章提到的越来越多的诱惑让人不能集中注意力来看书，人们的思维空间被其他的东西占满而腾不出空间看书，可知C选项“纸质书正面临被其他东西取代的极端危险”符合文章意思，所以正确。A选项“真正的阅读者可以在各种环境中保持阅读，包括嘈杂的环境”：根据第四段Ifyoureadabookwithyourlaptopthrummingontheothersideoftheroom,itcanbeliketryingtoreadinthemiddleofaparty,whereeverybodyisshoutingtoeachother…That’sgettinghardertofind.（如果你在房间的另一边用笔记本电脑砰砰地读一本书，这就像你在一个派对上看书，每个人都在互相大喊大叫……这越来越难找了）文章说到因为诱惑太多越来越难集中注意力读书，没有说到真正的阅读者是怎样的，故错误。B选项“互联网应该被严厉谴责危害纸质书”：根据第五段No,don’tmisunderstandme.Iadoretheweb…Thisisn’tgoingtoturnintoanantediluvianrantagainstthegloriesofourwiredworld.（不，别误会我。我热爱网络……这不会变成不合时宜地对网络世界的繁荣的痛斥。），可知作者不认为要谴责互联网，故错误。D选项“阅读书籍不符合日益增长的娱乐需求”：根据第六段第二句Themoretheneedforentertainmentandmainstreameducationcanbemetbynewinventions,themorethebookwillrecoveritsdignityandauthority.（新发明越能满足娱乐和主流教育的需求，书就越能恢复其地位和权威。），可知娱乐得到满足对书籍发展有利，与文章意思不符，故错误。因此C选项正确。

6.单选题

Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmileyoumustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretariesyoumaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.

Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses’convention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodations,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginalineforlunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninwhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself.“Whoisthat?”thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter.“Oh,that’sGod.”Camethereply,butsometimeshethinkshe’sadoctor.

Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit'llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman’snotoriousbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustn’tattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman.YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficerorthetelephonesystem.

Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpractice,sothatitbecomesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.Oftenit’sthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.

Lookforthehumor.Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected.Atwistonafamiliarquote“Ifatfirstyoudon’tsucceed,giveup’’oraplayonwordsoronasituation.Searchforexaggerationandunderstatements.Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturnaboutandinjectwithhumor.

1.Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould（）.

2.Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurse,theyare（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices（）.

4.Toachievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbedelivered（）.

问题1选项

A.takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudience

B.addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople

C.makefunofthedisorganizedpeople

D.showsympathyforyourlisteners

问题2选项

A.impolitetonewarrivals

B.verybusyevenduringlunchhours

C.entitledtosomeprivileges

D.veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole

问题3选项

A.haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock

B.arethefocusofpublicattention

C.areaninappropriatesubjectforhumor

D.havebenefitedmanypeople

问题4选项

A.Inwell-wordedlanguage

B.asawkwardlyaspossible

C.ascasuallyaspossible

D.inexaggeratedstatements

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“为了让你的幽默奏效，你应该怎么做？”文章第一段第一句话提到“如果你想让你幽默感染他人，使他人发笑，那么你需要知道分辨共同的经历和问题”(Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmileyoumustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems)；第一段第三句话提到“交流对象不同，问题也会不同”(Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.)由此可知选项B“针对不同的人提不同的问题”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。题目问的是“关于医生的笑话暗示了，在护士眼里，医生怎么样？”文章第二段最后两句话提到“Whoisthat?”thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter.“Oh,that’sGod.”Camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshe’sadoctor.”由此可知医生常常认为自己是上帝，选项D“非常清楚自己的上帝角色”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。题目问的是“从文章可推断出公共服务……”。文章第三段主要讲述了针对不同的群体，能用来当笑话讲的内容不一样，如果使用不当的话，会引来他人的厌恶（theywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman），而如果是用邮局或者电话局来做“替罪羊”的话倒是一个好的选择（YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficerorthetelephonesystem.），由此可知，邮局和电话局经常被当作笑料。选项A“经常成为笑柄”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“为了到达预期效果，幽默故事应该被怎么传递？”文章第四段提到“如果你在让自己变得幽默的过程中感到尴尬，你需要多加练习让自己变的自然。你可以用一种轻松的、自然的方式把那些随意的、即兴的话说出来”（Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpractice,sothatitbecomesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner），因此选项C符合题意。

7.单选题

Americansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislatestbook,DoingOurOwnThing:TheDegradationofLanguageandMusicandWhyWeShouldLike,Care,JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960scounter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.

Blamingthepermissive1960sisnothingnew,butthisisnotyetanothercriticismagainstthedeclineineducation.Mr.McWhorter’sacademicspecialtyislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”,forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.

Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,"doingourownthing",hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwell-regardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonal,performativegenreistheonlyform,thatcouldclaimrealliveliness.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.

Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighandlowculture,thetrendthatMr.McWhorterdocumentsisunmistakable.Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle:WhyWeShould,Like,Care.Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive—thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.Heisnotarguing,asmanydo,thatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecausewedonottalkproper.

Russianshaveadeeplovefortheirownlanguageandcarrylargechunksofmemorizedpoetryintheirheads,whileItalianpoliticianstendtoelaboratespeechthatwouldseemold-fashionedtomostEnglish-speakers.Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish“onpaperplatesinsteadofchina”.Ashame,perhaps,butprobablyaninevitableone.

1.AccordingtoMcWhorter,thedeclineofformalEnglish（

）.

2.Theword“talking”(Line6,Paragraph3)denotes

（

）.

3.TowhichofthefollowingstatementswouldMcWhortermostlikelyagree?

4.ThedescriptionofRussians’loveofmemorizingpoetryshowstheauthor’s

（

）.

5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,“paperplates”isto“china”as（

）.

问题1选项

A.isinevitableinradicaleducationreforms

B.isbutalltoonaturalinlanguagedevelopment

C.hascausedthecontroversyoverthecounter-culture

D.broughtaboutchangesinpublicattitudesinthe1960s

问题2选项

A.modesty

B.personality

C.liveliness

D.informality

问题3选项

A.Logicalthinkingisnotnecessarilyrelatedtothewaywetalk.

B.BlackEnglishcanbemoreexpressivethanstandardEnglish.

C.Non-standardvarietiesofhumanlanguagearejustasentertaining.

D.Ofallthevarieties,standardEnglishcanbestconveycomplexideas.

问题4选项

A.interestintheirlanguage

B.appreciationoftheirefforts

C.admirationfortheirmemory

D.contemptfortheirold-fashionedness

问题5选项

A.‘"temporary’’isto“permanent”

B.“radical”isto“conservative”

C.“functional”isto“artistic”

D.“humble”isto“noble”

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Mr.McWhorter’sacademicspecialtyislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”，forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.（Mr.McWhorter的学术专长是语言的历史和变化，例如，他认为“谁”这一词的逐渐消失是自然的，并不比失去古英语中的词格尾缀的消失更令人遗憾）可知Mr.McWhorter认为正式英语的衰变是一种自然的现象，因此选B。

2.词义题。根据题干关键词talking定位到文章第三段中的InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.（在英语口语和书面语中，交谈战胜了演讲，自然表达胜过了精雕细琢），分析句子可知talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft是对应关系，talking对应的spontaneity，specking对应craft，可推测演讲是需要精心准备的，而谈话则是自然随意的，因此D选项“非正式的”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive—thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas（他承认，人类语言的所有种类，包括非标准语言，包括黑人英语这样非标准语言，都具有很强的表达力。世界上没有一种语言或方言不能表达复杂的思想）可知A选项“逻辑思维不一定与我们说话的方式有关”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.（Mr.McWhorter承认，正式的语言并不是绝对必要的，他并没有提出任何激进的教育改革——他其实只是为那些美好而不是实用品的消逝而感到遗憾）可知Mr.McWhorter认同俄罗斯记住诗歌的做法，认为是somethingbeautiful，对其做法是赞同的，因此B选项“赞赏他们的努力”。

5.推理判断题。由heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful（他其实只是为那些美好而不是实用品的消逝而感到遗憾）可推测paperplates（纸盘）指的是实用性，而china（瓷盘）指美，具有艺术性，因此选C。

8.案例题

Everybodywastestime.Insteadofdoinghishomework,theschoolboywatchestelevision.Insteadofwritingheressaythestudentgoesoutwithherfriends.Theyallhavegoodintentions,buttheykeepputtingoffthemomentwhentheymuststartwork.Asaconsequence,theybegintofeelguilty,andthenwasteevenmoretimewishingtheyhadnotallowedthemselvestobedistracted.

Whensomeoneelseisorganizingourtimeforus,asforinstanceduringlessonsorworkinghours,wedonotnecessarilyworkmoreefficiently,butatleastwearesubjecttothedisciplineofaroutine.Itiswhenweareresponsiblefororganizingourowntimethattheneedforself-disciplinearises.

Iknowtwowriterswhoseemtoworkinquitedifferentways.Bobisextremelymethodical.Hearrivesathisofficeat9a.m.andiscreativeuntil12:30.At2p.m.hereturnstohisdeskandiscreativeuntil5p.m.,whenhegoeshomeandswitchesoffuntilthefollowingmorning.Alan,ontheotherhand,worksininspiredbursts,oftenmissingmealsandsleepinordertogethisideasdownonpaper.Suchperiodsofintenseactivityareusuallyfollowedbydayswhenhepottersaroundhisflat,listeningtoMozartandflickingthroughmagazines.

Theirplacesofworkreflecttheirstyles.Bob'sbooksareneatlyarrangedontheshelves;hecanalwaysfindthebookshewants.Alan,ontheotherhand,hasbooksandmagazinesallovertheplace.Theyareabouteverysubjectunderthesun,mostlyunconnectedwithhiswork.Allthesamehehasaknackofmakinguseoftheunlikelyinformationtoilluminatehisbooks.

1.Peopleoftenwastetheirtimeby（）.

2.Self-disciplineisneededwhenone（）.

3.WhydoestheauthorsayBobisextremelymethodical?

4.Alanoftengoeswithoutmealsandsleepwhen（）.

5.Alanreadsagreatvarietyofbooksandmagazines,sothat（）.

【答案】1.sparfortime.

2.arrangetimeforhimself.

3.BecauseBobalwaysarrangeswellwithhisdailyscheduleandworkingtools.

4.Allenneedstoburstintothoughtsandrecorditdown,hedoesn'teatnorsleep.

5.sparkinspiration.

【解析】1.根据第一段的第四句"Theyallhavegoodintentions,buttheykeepputtingoffthemomentwhentheymuststartwork."人们通过拖延时间而浪费时间。

2.根据第二段的最后一句"Itiswhenweareresponsiblefororganizingourowntimethattheneedforself-disciplinearises."当我们组织自己的时间时,自律的产生就很有必要了。

3.根据第三段的内容可知：Bob的生活特别规律,他把自己的作息时间和工作安排的井并有条,所以作者说鲍勃是一个非常有条理的人。

4.根据第三段的倒数第二句"Alan,ontheotherhand,worksininspiredbursts