考研考博-英语-天津职业技术师范大学考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津职业技术师范大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

OurfootballteamisnowcontendingwithonefromtheUniversityofBritishColumbia.

问题1选项

A.meeting

B.contesting

C.conceding

D.contemplating

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的足球队正在和英国哥伦比亚大学的球队……。meet“满足，遇见”；contest“比赛，竞赛”；concede“承认，让步”；contemplate“考虑，沉思”。根据“ourfootballteam”可知是在进行比赛，contend的意思是“竞争；斗争”。因此，选项B符合题意。

2.单选题

InitiallytheLincolnadministrationrefusedblackvolunteers;theyfearedthattheappearanceofblackYankeesonthebattlefieldmightsuggestthatthewar______otherpurposesinadditiontotherestorationoftheUnion.

问题1选项

A.have

B.had

C.hadhad

D.wouldhave

【答案】B

【解析】考查一般过去时。此句中的suggest意为“表明”，不表示“建议”，因此从句中的谓语动词不需要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。根据feared可知空格为一般过去时，时态保持一致，因此选B。句意：起初，林肯政府拒绝黑人志愿者；他们担心黑人出现在战场上，可能表明这场战争除了恢复联邦之外，还有其他目的。

3.单选题

“Youmustalwaysobeyyourleaders.’’Oh,Imust,（

）

问题1选项

A.mustn’tI

B.mustI

C.shouldn’tI

D.shouldI

【答案】B

【解析】句意:“你必须服从领导”。“噢，难道必须吗？”

语法题。考查反义疑问句。反问用法(情态动词+主语)表示对说话对象的质疑,反对,惊讶或反驳。

4.单选题

Weassumedethicsneededthesealofcertainty,elseitwasnon-rational.Andcertaintywastobeproducedbyadeductivemodel:thecorrectactionswerederivablefromclassicalfirstprinciplesorahierarchicallyrankedpantheonofprinciples.Thismodel,though,isbankrupt.

Isuggestwethinkofethicsasanalogoustolanguageusage.Therearenounivocalrulesofgrammarandstylewhichuniquelydeterminethebestsentenceforaparticularsituation.Norislanguageusageuniversalizable.Althoughasentenceorphraseiswarrantedinonecase,itdoesnotmeanitisautomaticallyappropriateinlikecircumstances.Nonetheless,languageusageisnotsubjective.

Thisshouldnotsurpriseusintheleast.Allintellectualpursuitsarerelativisticinjustthesesenses.Politicalscience,psychology,chemistryandphysicsarenotcertain,buttheyarenotsubjectiveeither.AsIseeit,ethicalinquiryproceedslikethis:wearetaughtmoralprinciplesbyparents,teachers,andsocietyatlarge.Aswegrowolderwebecomeexposedtocompetingviews.Thesemayleadustoreevaluatepresentlyheldbeliefs.Orwemayfindourselvesinexplicablymakingcertainvaluations,possiblybecauseofinheritedaltruistictendencies.Wemay“learnthehardway”thatsomeactionsgenerateunacceptableconsequences.Orwemayreflectuponourownandothers’“theories”orpatternsofbehavioranddecidetheyareinconsistent.Theresultingviewsare“tested”;weactaswethinkweshouldandevaluatetheconsequencesofthoseactionsonourselvesandonothers.Wetherebycorrectourmistakesinlightofthetestoftime.

Ofcoursepeoplemakedifferentmoraljudgments;ofcoursewecannotresolvethesedifferencesbyusingsomealgorithmwhichisitselfbeyondjudgment.Wehavenovantagepointoutsidehumanexperiencewherewecanjudgerightandwrong,goodandbad.Butthenwedon’thaveavantagepointfromwherewecanbephilosophicalrelativistseither.

Weareleftwithintherealworld,tryingtocopewithourselves,witheachother,withtheworld,andwithourownfallibility.Wedonothaveallthemoralanswers;nordowehaveanalgorithmtodiscernthoseanswers.Neitherdowepossessanalgorithmfordeterminingcorrectlanguageusagebutthatdoesnotmakeusthrowupourhandsindespairbecausewecannolongercommunicate.

Ifweunderstandethicsinthisway,wecansee,Ithink,therealvalueofethicaltheory.Somepeopletalkasifethicaltheoriesgiveusmoralprescriptions.Theythinkweshouldapplyethicalprinciplesaswewouldapoultice:afterdiagnosingthealiment,weapplytheappropriatedressing.Butthatisamistake.Notheoryprovidesasetofabstractsolutionstoapplystraightforwardly.Ethicaltheoriesareimportantnotbecausetheysolveallmoraldilemmasbutbecausetheyhelpusnoticesalientfeaturesofmoralproblemsandhelpusunderstandthoseproblemsincontext.

21.Ethicalprinciplesaregenerallythoughttobe________.

22.Inwhatwayisethicssimilartolanguageuse?

23.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysayingthatwemaylearnmoralprinciples“thehardway”?

24.Itisimpliedinthetextthatarelativisticviewofethnics________.

25.Theauthorassertsthatthetruevalueofethicaltheoryliesin________.

问题1选项

A.explicitlyclear

B.implicitlyvague

C.certainbutnon-rational

D.relativebutnotsubjective

问题2选项

A.Bothhaverulestodeterminetheoptimalchoiceunderacircumstance.

B.Bothvaryaccordingtothecontexttheyareapplicableto.

C.Bothareobjective,notsubjective,entities.

D.Similarsetsofrulescanbeappliedinquitedifferentsituations.

问题3选项

A.Wereevaluateourpreviouslyheldbeliefsaswegrowolder.

B.Werefutesomemoralprinciplesonlyafterwefindtheminconsistent.

C.Weacquireasenseofrightandwrongfromreallifelessons.

D.Weactbyignoringourinheritedaltruistictendencies.

问题4选项

A.canonlybeacquiredafterreallifelessons

B.oftengenerateunacceptableconsequences

C.ismorematureandrational

D.istooabstracttobeofanypracticalvalue

问题5选项

A.itsprescriptivepower

B.itsdiagnosticfunction

C.itseffectivenessinresolvingmoraldilemmas

D.itsrelevancetothesituation

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】21.实施细节题。根据第一段第一句Weassumedethicsneededthesealofcertainty,elseitwasnon-rational.（我们假定道德标准需要确定性的密封，否则它就是非理性的。），可知道德标准被视为非常明确，绝对，并且不是非理性的，A选项“明确清晰的”正确。B选项“隐隐约约，模糊”，C选项“确定但非理性”错误和D选项“相对但不主观”错误。因此A选项正确。

22.推理判断题。根据第二段第四句Althoughasentenceorphraseiswarrantedinonecase,itdoesnotmeanitisautomaticallyappropriateinlikecircumstances.（虽然一个句子或短语在某种情况下是正当的，但这并不意味着它在类似的情况下自动适用。），可知道德和语言没有固定和绝对的使用方法，而是要根据情况而定，也没有特定情况，B选项“两者都根据它们适用的背景而不同”正确，A选项“两者都有在特定情况下决定最佳选择的规则”错误。C选项“两者都是客观的，而不是主观的实体”：根据第二段最后一句Nonetheless,languageusageisnotsubjective.（然而，语言的使用并不是主观的。），作者说的然而，可知作者想要表达的是语言是客观的，而道德不是客观的，故错误。D选项“类似的规则可以应用于相当不同的情况”：没有提到类似的规则的用法，属于过度推断，故错误。因此B选项正确。

23.语义推测题。根据第三段倒数第四句Wemay“learnthehardway”thatsomeactionsgenerateunacceptableconsequences.（我们可能会“吃了苦头才明白”，有些行为会产生不可接受的后果。），行为产生后果，这里指的是在实际生活中检验对错，B选项“我们驳斥一些道德原则，只是在我们发现它们不一致之后”错误和C选项“我们从现实生活的教训中获得对与错的意识”正确。A选项“随着年龄的增长，我们会重新评估以前持有的信念”：根据第三段第五、六句Aswegrowolderwebecomeexposedtocompetingviews.Thesemayleadustoreevaluatepresentlyheldbeliefs.（随着年龄的增长，我们会接触到不同的观点。这些可能会引导我们重新评估目前持有的信念。），可知重新评估以前持有的信念和接触不同观点有关，重新评估不是驳斥，故错误。D选项“我们通过忽视我们遗传的利他主义倾向来行动”：根据第三段第七句possiblybecauseofinheritedaltruistictendencies.（这可能是因为遗传的利他主义倾向。），可知并没有忽视利他主义，故错误。因此C选项正确。

24.推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句Butthenwedon’thaveavantagepointfromwherewecanbephilosophicalrelativistseither.（但是我们也没有一个有利的位置，让我们成为哲学相对主义者。）和第五段最后一句Neitherdowepossessanalgorithmfordeterminingcorrectlanguageusagebutthatdoesnotmakeusthrowupourhandsindespairbecausewecannolongercommunicate.（我们也没有确定语言正确用法的算法，但这并不会让我们因为再也不能交流而绝望地举手投降。），可知相对主义的观念里，事情没有固定的解决办法，有时也会遇到困境，但是总体来说会积极面对，C选项“更加成熟和理性”正确。A选项“只有在真正的生活教训后才能获得”：根据第三段第五、六句Aswegrowolderwebecomeexposedtocompetingviews.Thesemayleadustoreevaluatepresentlyheldbeliefs.（随着年龄的增长，我们会接触到不同的观点。这些可能会引导我们重新评估目前持有的信念。），可知不同的观点也会对此有帮助，故错误。B选项“经常产生不可接受的后果”：根据第三段倒数第四句Wemay“learnthehardway”thatsomeactionsgenerateunacceptableconsequences.（我们可能会“吃了苦头才明白”，有些行为会产生不可接受的后果。），可知不可接受的后果由某些行为产生，与相对主义无关，故错误。D选项“太抽象了，没有任何实用价值”：根据第六段最后一句Ethicaltheoriesareimportantnotbecausetheysolveallmoraldilemmasbutbecausetheyhelpusnoticesalientfeaturesofmoralproblemsandhelpusunderstandthoseproblemsincontext.（伦理理论之所以重要，并不是因为它们解决了所有的道德困境，而是因为它们帮助我们注意到道德问题的显著特征，并帮助我们在情境中理解这些问题。），可知相对主义在实际生活中有价值，故错误。因此C选项正确。

25.语义推测题。根据第六段最后一句Ethicaltheoriesareimportantnotbecausetheysolveallmoraldilemmasbutbecausetheyhelpusnoticesalientfeaturesofmoralproblemsandhelpusunderstandthoseproblemsincontext.（伦理理论之所以重要，并不是因为它们解决了所有的道德困境，而是因为它们帮助我们注意到道德问题的显著特征，并帮助我们在情境中理解这些问题。），可知道德论的真正意义是帮助我们在情境中理解问题，不能直接解决问题，D选项“与情况的相关性”正确，C选项“解决道德困境的有效性”错误。A选项“指令权”和B选项“诊断功能”：根据第六段第三、四句Theythinkweshouldapplyethicalprinciplesaswewouldapoultice:afterdiagnosingthealiment,weapplytheappropriatedressing.Butthatisamistake.（他们认为我们应该像使用膏药一样应用伦理原则：诊断出食物后，我们使用适当的敷料。但这是一个错误。），可知道德论和药不是一回事，诊断以后就可以开药，故错误。因此D选项正确。

5.单选题

Mutualtradeimplies（

）advantages.

问题1选项

A.allied

B.cooperative

C.periodical

D.reciprocal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。allied“联合的；同盟的”；cooperative“合作的；合作社的”；periodical“周期的；定期的”；reciprocal“互惠的；相互的”。句意：双边贸易意味着互惠的优势。选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

I’mpleasedtohearofyourjoboffer——allthathardworkatschoolhasobviously（

）.

问题1选项

A.paidoff

B.takenitstoll

C.madeadifference

D.shownup

【答案】A

【解析】词组辨析题。payoff付清，取得成功；takeitstoll造成损失，造成伤亡；makeadifference有影响，有关系；showup出现，揭露。

句意：我很高兴的听说你找到了工作，在学校里一切的努力显然都得到了回报。只有选项A符合语境。

7.单选题

BecausewehadeatenturkeyonThanksgivingforsomanyyears,wewonderedwhethersomeotherdishmightbeanequallytasty______.

问题1选项

A.alternative

B.alternation

C.altercation

D.allusion

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项alternative“二中择一；供替代的选择；替代品”；B选项alternation“交替，轮流，间隔”；C选项altercation“争论；争吵；争辩；口角”；D选项allusion“典故；暗指；提及；故事”。句意：由于这么多年来我们在感恩节时都吃火鸡，我们从未想过是否其他的饭菜会成为同样可口的替代。因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds（

）hisargumentsinfavourofthenewtheory.

问题1选项

A.tobebasedon

B.tobaseon

C.whichtobaseon

D.onwhichtobase

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句。baseon“基于”，which指代先行词sufficientgrounds。baseon中的介词on前置，因此D选项符合题意。

9.单选题

Moststatesemphasizederadicationofviolence,particularlydomesticviolence,asaNational（

）areainnationalcrimepreventionstrategies.

问题1选项

A.requirement

B.dominance

C.prerequisite

D.priority

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项requirement“所需的东西，必要条件”；B选项dominance“支配，控制”；C选项prerequisite“先决条件，前提”；D选项priority“优先事项，首要事情，优先”。由Moststatesemphasizederadicationofviolence,particularlydomesticviolence,asaNational_______areainnationalcrimepreventionstrategies.（大多数国家强调消除暴力，特别是家庭暴力，作为国家犯罪预防政策的______领域）可知D选项符合语境。句意：大多数国家强调消除暴力，特别是家庭暴力，作为国家犯罪预防政策的优先领域。

10.单选题

Thebestwaytocontrolratsisbyseeingthattheyhaveas______.

问题1选项

A.possiblylittlenourishment

B.nourishmentpossiblylittle

C.littleaspossiblenourishment

D.littlenourishmentaspossible

【答案】D

【解析】考查语法。空格处需要填入动词have的宾语，同时包含as…as句式。as…aspossible固定搭配表示“尽可能”。A、B都缺少与as搭配的结构，C语序有误，均可排除。句意：控制老鼠的最好方法就是务必让他们得到尽可能少的营养。因此D项正确。

11.单选题

WhentheBritishgovernmenttriedto

newemploymentlegislation,therewasageneralstrike.

问题1选项

A.enhance

B.reinvigorate

C.attribute

D.implement

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。enhance“提高”；reinvigorate“使再振兴”；attribute“归属，归功于……”；implement“实施；执行”。句意：当英国政府试图实施新的就业法时，发生了一场大罢工。选项D符合题意。

12.单选题

AbigprobleminlearningEnglishasaforeignlanguageislackofopportunitiesfor（

）interactionwithproficientspeakersofEnglish.

问题1选项

A.instantaneous

B.provocative

C.verbal

D.dual

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项instantaneous“瞬间的；即时的”；B选项provocative“刺激的；气人的”；C选项verbal“口头的；言语的”；D选项dual“双的；双重的”。句意：把英语作为一门外语来学习的大问题在于缺少与精通英语的人进行……交流的机会。综合句意与选项可知，大问题是缺少与speakerofEnglish进行“口头交流”的机会。C选项正确。

13.案例题

Attheheartofthedebateoverillegalimmigrationliesonekeyquestion:areimmigrantsgoodorbadfortheeconomy?TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey'rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.Sowhyistheresuchadiscrepancybetweentheperceptionofimmigrants'impactontheeconomyandthereality?

Thereareanumberoffamiliartheories.Somearguethatpeopleareanxiousandfeelthreatenedbyaninflowofnewworkers.Othershighlightthestrainthatundocumentedimmigrantsplaceonpublicservices,likeschools,hospitals,andjails.Stillothersemphasizetheroleofrace,arguingthatforeignersaddtothenation'sfearsandinsecurities.There'ssometruthtoalltheseexplanations,buttheyaren'tquitesufficient.

Togetabetterunderstandingofwhat'sgoingon,considerthewayimmigration'simpactisfelt.Thoughitsoveralleffectmaybepositive,itscostsandbenefitsaredistributedunevenly.DavidCard,aneconomistatUCBerkeley,notesthattheoneswhoprofitmostdirectlyfromimmigrants'low-costlaborarebusinessesandemployers-meatpackingplantsinNebraska,forinstance,oragriculturalbusinessesinCalifornia.Granted,theseproducers'savingsprobablytranslateintolowerpricesatthegrocerystore,buthowmanyconsumersmakethatmentalconnectionatthecheckoutcounter?Asforthedrawbacksofillegalimmigration,these,too,areconcentrated.Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%between1980-2000.Amonghigh-skilled,better-educatedemployees,however,oppositionwasstrongestinstateswithbothhighnumbersofimmigrantsandrelativelygeneroussocialservices.Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthefiscal(财政的)burdenofimmigration.Thatconclusionwasreinforcedbyanotherfinding:thattheiroppositionappearedtosoftenwhenthatfiscalburdendecreased,asoccurredwithwelfarereforminthe1990s,whichcurbedimmigrants'accesstocertainbenefits.

Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected-say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents-theimpactisn'tallthatdramatic."Theunpleasantvoiceshavetendedtodominateourperceptions,"saysDanielTichenor,apoliticalscienceprofessorattheUniversityofOregon."Butwhenallthosefactorsareputtogetherandtheeconomistscalculatethenumbers,itendsupbeinganetpositive,butasmallone."Toobadmostpeopledon'trealizeit.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Whetherimmigrantsaregoodorbadfortheeconomyhasbeenpuzzlingeconomists.

B.TheAmericaneconomyusedtothriveonimmigrationbutnowit'sadifferentstory.

C.Theconsensusamongeconomistsisthatimmigrationshouldnotbeencouraged.

D.Thegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsontheimpactofimmigration.

2.InwhatwaydoestheauthorthinkordinaryAmericansbenefitfromimmigration?

A.Theycanaccessallkindsofpublicservices.

B.Theycangetconsumergoodsatlowerprices.

C.Theycanmixwithpeopleofdifferentcultures.

D.Theycanavoiddoingmuchofthemanuallabor.

3.Whydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegalimmigration?

A.Theyhavegreaterdifficultygettingwelfaresupport.

B.Theyaremorelikelytoencounterinterracialconflicts.

C.Theyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentpay.

D.Theyarenomatchforillegalimmigrantsinlaborskills.

4.Whatisthechiefconcernofnativehigh-skilled,better-educatedemployeesabouttheinflowofimmigrants?

A.Itmaychangetheexistingsocialstructure.

B.Itmayposeathreattotheireconomicstatus.

C.Itmayleadtosocialinstabilityinthecountry.

D.Itmayplaceagreatstrainonthestatebudget.

5.Whatistheironyaboutthedebateoverimmigration?

A.Eveneconomistscan'treachaconsensusaboutitsimpact.

B.Thosewhoareopposedtoitturnouttobenefitmostfromit.

C.Peoplearemakingtoobigafussaboutsomethingofsmallimpact.

D.Thereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenseeminglyoppositeopinions.

【答案】1.D

2.B

3.C

4.D

5.C

【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可以看出，美国民众和经济学家们对移民影响的看法不同。选项D正确。选项A，科学家们已经给出了自己的看法，不存在困扰一说；选项B美国经济过去因移民而得以繁荣，在第一段并没有提及；选项C经济学家们认为应该鼓励移民，在第一段中也没有信息提及。

2.根据第一段的倒数第二句“Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.”可知，选项B符合原文。

3.根据第三段“Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermost...reducedthewages...by9%.”所以当地低技能工人受移民影响最大的原因是他们很难找到一份收入体面的工作。

4.

根据第三段“Amonghigh-skilled...wasthefiscalburdenofimmigration.”他们最担心的是移民带来的财政负担。选项D符合原文。

5.

根据最后一段的第一句“Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.”具有讽刺意味的是，外界所有过度兴奋的辩论，对移民的影响却微乎其微。选项C人们对某些影响很小的事情其实有些小题大做了，符合原文。

14.单选题

Mydaughterhaswalkedeightmilestoday.Weneverguessedthatshecouldwalk（）far.

问题1选项

A./

B.such

C.that

D.as

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词用法。句意：我女儿今天已经走了8英里，我们从没想过她能走那么远。such后面常接名词或名词词组，排除B；as后接副词常用在“as…as…”结构中，排除D。that作副词，意思是“那样，那么”，可放在形容词或副词之前，表示强调，符合句意，因此C选项正确。

15.单选题

TheFrenchwordrenaissancemeansrebirth.Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventu-allybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning450-1600.TheconceptofrebirthwasappropriatetothisperiodofEuropeanhistorybecauseoftheewedinterestinancientGreekandRomanculturethatbeganinItalyandthenspreadthroughouturope.ScholarsandartistsofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturieswantedtorestorethelearninganddealsoftheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRome.Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohu-man—asopposedtospiritual—values.Fulfillmentinlife—asopposedtoconcernaboutanafter-life—becameadesirablegoal,andexpressingtheentirerangeofhumanemotionsandenjoyingtheleasuresofthesenseswerenolongerfrownedon.Artistsandwritersnowturnedtosecularaswellaseligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.

ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiod—howpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposed，experienced,discussed,anddis-seminated.Theycouldseethearchitecturalmonuments,sculptures,plays,andpoemsthatwerebe-ingrediscovered,buttheycouldnotactuallyhearancientmusic—althoughtheycouldreadthewrit-ingsofclassicalphilosophers,poets,essayists,andmusictheoriststhatwerebecomingavailableintranslation.Theylearnedaboutthepowerofancientmusictomovethelistenerandwonderedwhymodernmusicdidnothavethesameeffect.Forexample,theinfluentialreligiousleaderBernardinoCirilloexpresseddisappointmentwiththelearnedmusicofhistime.Heurgedmusicianstofollowtheexampleofthesculptors,painters,architects,andscholarswhohadrediscoveredancientartandlit-erature.

ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf—thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthinkersoftheRenaissancewereseekingarebirthof().

3.Accordingtothepassage,RenaissanceartistsandwritershadallofthefollowingintentionsEX-CEPT().

4.Theword“disseminated”inline16isclosestinmeaningto()

5.WhichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasareasonfortheabsenceofasingleRenais-sancemusicalstyle?

问题1选项

A.ThemusicalcompositionsthatbestillustratethedevelopmentsduringtheEuropeanRenais-sance.

B.ThemusicaltechniquesthatwereinuseduringtheEuropeanRenaissance.

C.TheEuropeanRenaissanceasaculturaldevelopmentthatincludedchangesinmusicalstyle.

D.TheancientGreekandRomanmusicalpracticesusedduringtheEuropeanRenaissance.

问题2选项

A.communicationamongartistsacrossEurope

B.spiritualityineverydaylife

C.aculturalemphasisonhumanvalues

D.religiousthemesinartthatwouldaccompanythetraditionalsecularthemes

问题3选项

A.usingreligiousthemes

B.portrayingonlythepleasantpartsofhumanexperience

C.producingartthatpeoplewouldfindattractive

D.creatingworksthatwereeasilyunderstood

问题4选项

A.played

B.documented

C.spread

D.analyzed

问题5选项

A.ThemusicalRenaissancewasdefinedbytechniqueratherthanstyle.

B.ThemusicalRenaissancewastooshorttogiverisetoanewmusicalstyle.

C.RenaissancemusiciansadoptedthestylesofbothGreekandRomanmusicians.

D.DuringtheRenaissance,musicneverremainedthesameforverylong.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章开头介绍了“复兴”一词的来源及兴起。第二段写文艺复兴影响人们音乐思考和音乐创作的方式。第三段写这一时期的音乐风格多变，很难定义为单一的音乐类型。C项对文意的概括比较全面，所以C项正确。

2.第一段指出：Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohuman—asopposedtospiritual一values（对于这些学者而言，文艺复兴意味着对人类价值而非精神方面的回归）。C项“重视人类价值观的主张”符合原文意思。

3.B项“仅仅描述人生经历中快乐的部分”不是艺术家和作家的目的，故选B。

4.“disseminated”出现在第二段:ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiod—howpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposed,experienced,discussed,anddisseminated.（这些观点的改变深深地影响了文艺复兴时期的音乐文化——人们思考音乐的方式以及音乐的创作、体验、争议和）。所以，C项spread“传播”正确。

5.第三段指出：musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf—thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle（在本世纪半叶，音乐变化如此之快，尽管在不同的国家以不同的速度变化，但我们无法定义一种文艺复兴风格）。所以“changedsorapidly”是原因，D项“音乐无法长时间的保持一种形式”正确。

16.单选题

Sometimespatientssufferingfromseverepaincanbehelpedby“drugs”thataren'treallydrugsatall______sugarpillsthatcontainnoactivechemicalelements.

问题1选项

A.orrather

B.ratherthan

C.otherthan

D.butrather

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。orrather“倒不如说”；ratherthan“而不是”；otherthan“除了，不同于”；butrather“而是”。句意：有时候帮助病人缓解疼痛的药物并不是真正的药物而是一些不含活性化学元素的糖丸。选项D符合题意。

17.单选题

Waterwillcontinuetobe（）itistoday-nextinimportancetooxygen.

问题1选项

A.how

B.which

C.as

D.what

【答案】C

【解析】句意：水将继续保持现在的状态,

即重要性仅次于氧的这种状态。as...正如...一样,

选项C符合句意。

18.单选题

Youwillhardlybelieveit,butthisisthethirdtimetonightsomeone（）me.

问题1选项

A.telephoned

B.hastelephoned

C.telephones

D.shouldtelephone

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定句式结构。Thisisthefirst（序数词）timethat…表示“第一次做某事”，后面的从句一定要用“现在完成时”，现在完成时的构成have/hasdone。句意：你可能不会相信，这已经是今晚第三次有人给我打电话了。hastelephoned使用了现在完成时，故选B。

19.单选题

Much（

）IlikedJane,Ihatedthesuperiortonethatshesometimestookwithme.

问题1选项

A.while

B.as

C.since

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】

考查连词辨析。while虽然；as同样；muchas表示虽然，即使；since既然；for为了。句意：尽管我喜欢Jane,但我讨厌她有时跟我说话高傲的语气。由like和hated可知，这是一种转折关系，故答案B

20.填空题

Althoughpersonalitychangeis________difficult,sometimespeoplecanchangethemostdysfunctionalaspectsoftheirfeelingsandbehavior.(exceed)

【答案】exceedingly

【解析】【考查点】副词。

【解题思路】在is________difficult中，is和difficult是系动词和表语，横线所在内容修饰形容词difficult，应该为副词，exceedingly“极其”符合语境，指的是性格的改变极其困难。

【句意】虽然性格的改变极其困难，但有时人们可以改变他们的感觉和行为中最不正常的方面。

21.单选题

（

）energyundertheearthmustbereleasedinoneformoranother,forexample,anearthquake.

问题1选项

A.Accumulated

B.Gathered

C.Assembled

D.Collected

【答案】A

【解析】同义词辨析题。Accumulate累积，积攒，侧重于连续不断的长期的积累；Gather聚集，侧重于将分散的东西聚集到一起；Assemble集合，聚集，侧重于由于某种目的而聚集在一起；Collect收集，侧重于物品的收集，采集。句意：地下累积的能量必须以某种形式释放出来，比如地震。这里指长时间积累下来的能力，所以选项A最恰当。

22.单选题

Heopenedhislipsasif（）something.

问题1选项

A.saying

B.havingsaid

C.tohavesaid

D.tosay

【答案】D

【解析】考查asif的用法。asif引导从句，结构是“主语+系动词”，并且主语跟系动词都可以省略。本句完整的句子应该是：heopenedhislipsasifhewasgoingtosaysomething.其中asif引导的从句的主语跟系动词可以省略，所以选项D符合题意。

23.单选题

DonHambrick,amanagementprofessoratPennState'sSmealCollegeofBusiness,says"It'sbecomemuchmore_______andalotlessfuntobeanexecutiveordirector."

问题1选项

A.sinking

B.indifferent

C.taxing

D.slouching

【答案】C

【解析】sinking沉没;indifferent无关紧要的;taxing繁重的,费力的;slouching没精打采的,懒散的。句意：宾夕法尼亚州Smeal大学商学院管理学教授DonHambrick表示:“做一名主管或总监更费力，也少了许多乐趣。”选项C符合句意。

24.单选题

China'spopulationisunevenlydistributed,withthecoastalareasintheeastthemost（

）populated.

问题1选项

A.densely

B.vastly

C.enormously

D.largely

【答案】A

【解析】句意:中国的人口分布不均，东部沿海地区人口最密集。

考查副词辨析。Densely浓密地,稠密地,密集地;vastly极大地,广大地;enormously非常,极其;largely在很大程度上,多半,主要地。空格处形容人口密集,故A符合句意。

25.单选题

Inthe1950s,thepioneersofartificialintelligence(AI)predictedthat,bytheendofthiscentury,computerswouldbeconversingwithusatworkandrobotswouldbeperformingourhousework.Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.

AgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwherethefieldwentwrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.Manyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventionalcomputerprograms.Ratherthandigitalcomputersandtransistors,somewanttoworkwithbraincellsandproteins.Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield.

Imitatingthebrain’sneural（祌经的）networkisahugestepintherightdirection,sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConrad,butitstillmissesanimportantaspectofnaturalintelligence.“Peopletendtotreatthebrainasifitweremadeupofcolor-codedtransistors”，heexplains,“butit’snotsimplyaclevernetworkofswitches.Therearelotsofimportantthingsgoingoninsidethebraincellsthemselves.”Specifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain’scapabilitiesstemfromthepattern-recognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills.

Rightnow,thenotionthatconventionalcomputersandsoftwarearefundamentallyincapableofmatchingtheprocessesthattakeplaceinthebrainremainscontroversial.Butifitprovestrue,thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown.

1.Theauthorsaysthatthepowerfulcomputersoftoday（）.

2.Thenewtrendinartificialintelligenceresearchsteinsfrom（）.

3.ConradandhisgroupofAIresearchershavebeenmakingenormouseffortsto（）.

4.What’stheauthor’sopinionaboutthenewAImovement?

5.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothephrase“theonlygameintown”（L