考研考博-英语-大连软件职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大连软件职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Inthe1950s,thepioneersofartificialintelligence(AI)predictedthat,bytheendofthiscentury,computerswouldbeconversingwithusatworkandrobotswouldbeperformingourhousework.Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.

AgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwherethefieldwentwrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.Manyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventionalcomputerprograms.Ratherthandigitalcomputersandtransistors,somewanttoworkwithbraincellsandproteins.Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield.

Imitatingthebrain’sneural（祌经的）networkisahugestepintherightdirection,sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConrad,butitstillmissesanimportantaspectofnaturalintelligence.“Peopletendtotreatthebrainasifitweremadeupofcolor-codedtransistors”，heexplains,“butit’snotsimplyaclevernetworkofswitches.Therearelotsofimportantthingsgoingoninsidethebraincellsthemselves.”Specifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain’scapabilitiesstemfromthepattern-recognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills.

Rightnow,thenotionthatconventionalcomputersandsoftwarearefundamentallyincapableofmatchingtheprocessesthattakeplaceinthebrainremainscontroversial.Butifitprovestrue,thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown.

1.Theauthorsaysthatthepowerfulcomputersoftoday（）.

2.Thenewtrendinartificialintelligenceresearchsteinsfrom（）.

3.ConradandhisgroupofAIresearchershavebeenmakingenormouseffortsto（）.

4.What’stheauthor’sopinionaboutthenewAImovement?

5.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothephrase“theonlygameintown”（Line3,Para.

4）?

问题1选项

A.arecapableofreliablyrecognizingtheshapeofanobject

B.areclosetoexhibitinghumanlikebehavior

C.arenotverydifferentintheirperformancefromthoseofthe50’s

D.stillcannotcommunicatewithpeopleinahumanlanguage

问题2选项

A.theshiftofthefocusofstudytotherecognitionoftheshapesofobjects

B.thebeliefthathumanintelligencecannotbeduplicatedwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms

C.theaspirationsofscientiststoduplicatetheintelligenceofaten-month-oldchild

D.theeffortsmadebyscientistsinthestudyofthesimilaritiesbetweentransistorsandbraincells

问题3选项

A.findaroundaboutwaytodesignpowerfulcomputers

B.buildacomputerusingaclevernetworkofswitches

C.findouthowintelligencedevelopinnature

D.separatethehighestandmostabstractlevelsofthought

问题4选项

A.Ithascreatedasensationamongartificialintelligenceresearchersbutwillsoondieout.

B.It’sabreakthroughinduplicatinghumanthoughtprocesses.

C.It’smorelikeapeculiargameratherthanarealscientificeffort

D.Itmayprovetobeintherightdirectionthoughnobodyissureofitsfutureprospects.

问题5选项

A.Theonlyapproachtobuildinganartificiallyintelligentcomputer.

B.Theonlywayforthemtowinaprizeinartificialintelligenceresearch.

C.Theonlyareaworthstudyingincomputerscience.

D.Theonlychoicethatpeopleareofferedwith.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。A:能可靠地识别物体的形状,B:接近展现似人类的行为,C:它们在性能上与50年代的那些电脑没有多大不同,D:仍然不能用人类语言与人类进行交流,第一段指出:Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid(但是，如电脑一样有用的它们，却远不能取得任何丝毫类似这些早期对似人类行为的渴望。更谈不上复杂程度如交谈一样的事情：最强大的电脑尽力才能可靠地识别物体的形状，而这对一个10岁的小孩而言却是最基本的任务),由此可知A及B不正确,C项文章并未提及,D项正确。

2.细节事实题。第二段指出:Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence(科学家们称，问题是人工智能一直都试图去分开设最高级、最抽象的如语言和数学样的思维，且用有逻辑的一步一步的程序去辅助它们。另一方面，人工智能一个新发展却更关注自然想出智能的更迂回的方式),因此B项“相信人类智能不能用有逻辑的一步一步的程序去被复制”正确。

3.判断推理题。第二段指出:AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence(人工智能的——一个新运动，不同方向，注重自然产生智力的更迂回的方式),第三段指出:Imitatingthebrain’sneural（神经的）networkisahugestepintherightdirection,sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConrad,butitstillmissesanimportantaspectofnaturalintelligence(仿大脑的神经网络是迈向正确方向的巨大一步，计算机科学家和生物物理学家迈克尔•康纳德说，但它仍然漏掉了自然智能的一个重要方面),以及后面指出:他（康纳德）称‘人们倾向于将大脑看成似乎它是由颜色编码的晶休管，但它不仅是一个聪明的交换器网络。大脑细胞本身的内部进行着很多重要的事情’。康拉德特别地认为，大脑的很多能力来源于组成每个大脑细胞的单个分子的样式识别能力。由此推测选C:研究出智力在自然中如何形成。

4.观点态度题。第三段指出:Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield(这些早期努力的结果是独特的也是有希望的，虽然这项新的基于自然的人工智能运动发展缓慢，但却将无疑地走在这个领域的最前沿),由此可见作者对于人工智能新趋势的态度是:认为它在复制人类思维过程中是一个突破。

5.语义题。“theonlygameintown”出现在最后一段,前面一段指出:Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills(他（即康纳徳）宣称，制作人工智能设备的最佳方法将是围绕这种同样的分子技能),由此可知“theonlygameintown”指代“制作人工智能电脑的唯一方式”,故选A。

2.单选题

Theprosecutionforatrademarkshallbeconductedbysometrademarkattorneys.

问题1选项

A.accuse

B.charging

C.application

D.design

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。prosecution在句中是“起诉”，A选项accuse“起诉，控告”；B选项charging是charge的动名词，表“控告”；C选项application“应用，申请”；D选项design“设计”。句意：商标起诉将由商标代理律师处理。根据句意B项正确。

3.单选题

Shedecidedtokeepreticentabouttheunpleasantpastand（）ittomemory.

问题1选项

A.attribute

B.allude

C.commit

D.credit

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。attribute“把……归因于，把……归咎于”；allude“暗指，间接提到”；commit“犯罪，做错事，把……交托给，提交”；credit“信任，把……归给”。句意：她打算对不愉快的过去保持沉默，并把它埋在回忆中。选项C符合题意。

4.不定项选择题

ThementalhealthmovementintheUnitedStatesbeganwithaperiodofconsiderableenlightenment.DorotheaDixwasshockedtofindthementallyillinjailsandalmshousesandcrusadedfortheestablishmentofasylumsinwhichpeoplecouldreceivehumanecareandtreatmentwhichmighthelprestorethemtosanity.Bythemid-1800s,20stateshadestablishedasylums,butduringthelate1800sandearly1900s,inthefaceofeconomicdepression,legislatureswereunabletoappropriatesufficientfundsfordecentcare.Asylumsbecameovercrowdedandprison-like.Additionally,patientsweremoreresistanttotreatmentthanthepioneersinthementalhealthfieldhadanticipated,andsecurityandrestraintwereneededtoprotectpatientsandothers.Mentalinstitutionsbecamefrighteninganddepressingplacesinwhichtherightsofpatientswereallbutforgotten.

TheseconditionscontinueduntilafterWorldWarII.Atthattime,newtreatmentswerediscoveredforsomemajormentalillnessesheretoforeconsidereduntreatable(penicillinforsyphilisofthebrainandinsulintreatmentforschizophreniaanddepressions),andasuccessionofbooks,motionpictures,andnewspaperexposescalledattentiontotheplightofthementallyill.ImprovementsweremadeandDr.DavidVail’sHumanePracticesProgramisabeaconfortoday.Butchangeswereslowincominguntiltheearly1910s.Atthattime,theCivilRightsmovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.Theprisonswerefilledwithangryyoungmenwho,encouragedbylegalsupport,werequicktodemandtheirrights.Thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane,bycontrast,werepopulatedwithpeoplewhowereconsidered“crazy”andwhowereoftenkeptobedientlyintheirplacethroughtheuseofseverebodilyrestraintsandlargedosesofmajortranquilizers.Theyoungcadreofpublicinterestlawyerslikedtheirroleinthementalhospitals.Thelawyersfoundapopulationthatwasbothpassiveandeasytochampion.Thesewere,afterall,peoplewho,unlikecriminals,haddonenothingwrong.Andinmanystates,theywerebeingkeptinhorrendousinstitutions,aninjustice,whichonceexposed,wasboundtoshockthepublicand,particularly,thejudicialconscience.Patient’sfightsgroupssuccessfullyencouragedreformbylobbyinginstatelegislatures.

Judicialinterventionshavehadsomedefinitepositiveeffects,butthereisgrowingawarenessthatcourtscannotprovidethestandardsandthereviewmechanismsthatassuregoodpatientcare.Thedetailsofprovidingdaytodaycaresimplycannotbemandatedbyacourt,soitistimetotakefromthecourtstheresponsibilityfordeliveryofmentalhealthcareandassuranceofpatientrightsandreturnittothestatementalhealthadministratorstowhomthemandatewasoriginallygiven.Thoughitisadifficulttask,administratorsmustundertaketowriterulesandstandardsandtoprovidethetrainingandsurveillancetoassurethattreatmentisgivenandpatientrightsarerespected.

1.Whichofthefollowinghappenedinmentalinstitutionsaftereconomicdepression?

2.Itcanbeinferredthat,hadtheCivilRightsmovementnotpromptedaninvestigationofprisonconditions,（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,mentalhospitalconditionswereradicallychangedbecauseof（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whoisresponsibleforsurveillanceofgoodpatientcare?

5.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto（）.

问题1选项

A.Patientsbecameinflexibleandinsensitive.

B.Fewerpatientsledtoshortageoffundsandinhumanecare.

C.Morepatientswerereluctanttogethelpfromphysicians.

D.Patientsweredisappointedtoliveinasylums.

问题2选项

A.stateswouldneverhaveestablishedasylumsforthementallyill

B.newtreatmentsformajormentalillnesswouldhavelikelyremaineduntested

C.theCivilRightsmovementinAmericawouldhavebeenpoliticallyineffective

D.conditionsinmentalhospitalsmighthaveescapedjudicialscrutiny

问题3选项

A.agroupofyoungangrymeninthe1900s

B.activeyounglawyersinthe1910s

C.innocentinsanepatient’sprotest

D.powerfulcourtinterventions

问题4选项

A.Thestatecourts.

B.Thepublicinterestlawyers.

C.Thestatementalhealthadministrators.

D.Thehospitals.

问题5选项

A.provideanhistoricalperspectiveonproblemsofmentalhealthcare

B.increasepublicawarenessoftheplightofthementallyill

C.shockthereaderwithvividdescriptionsofasylums

D.describetheinventionofnewtreatmentsformentalillness

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第一段中“Asylumsbecameovercrowdedandprison-like.精神病院变得人满为患，像监狱一样。”和“Mentalinstitutionsbecamefrighteninganddepressingplacesinwhichtherightsofpatientswereallbutforgotten.精神病院成了令人恐惧和沮丧的地方，病人的权利几乎被遗忘。”可知D项与原文相符。A项“病人变得僵硬和麻木”，与原文不符；B项“病人减少导致资金短缺和不人道的护理”，与原文不符；C项“更多的病人不愿意得到医生的帮助”，与原文不符；D项“病人住在精神病院里很失望”，因此D选项正确。

第2题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第二段中“Atthattime,theCivilRightsmovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.当时，民权运动促使律师们调查美国的监狱，那里的黑人比例不成比例，他们转而跟踪囚犯进入唯一比监狱更糟糕的机构——精神病罪犯医院。”可知D项与原文相符。A项“国家将永远不会为精神病人建立精神病院”，与原文不符；B项“针对主要精神病的新治疗将可能仍然未被检验”，与原文不符；C项“美国的民权运动在政治上是无效的，与原文不符；D项“精神病院的条件可能逃脱了司法审查”，因此D选项正确。

第3题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第二段中“Atthattime,theCivilRightsmovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.当时，民权运动促使律师们调查美国的监狱，因为那里的黑人比例不成比例，他们转而跟踪囚犯进入唯一比监狱更糟糕的机构——精神病罪犯医院。”和“Theyoungcadreofpublicinterestlawyerslikedtheirroleinthementalhospitals.这些年轻的公益律师骨干喜欢他们在精神病院的角色。”可知B项与原文相符。A项“20世纪一群愤怒的年轻人”，与原文不符；B项“20世纪10年代活跃的年轻律师”；C项“无辜的精神病患者的抗议”，与原文不符；D项“强大的法院干预”，与原文不符，因此B选项正确。

第4题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章最后一段中“...administratorsmustundertaketowriterulesandstandardsandtoprovidethetrainingandsurveillancetoassurethattreatmentisgivenandpatientrightsarerespected.……管理人员必须承诺制定规则和标准，并提供培训和监督，以确保给予治疗和尊重患者的权利。”可知C项与原文相符。A项“州法院”；B项“公益律师”；C项“国家精神卫生行政人员管理员”；D项“医院”，因此C选项正确。

第5题:主旨大意题。全文主要讲述了美国对于精神患者治疗的发展进程，可知A项与原文相符。A项“提供精神卫生保健问题的历史视角”；B项“提高公众对精神病患者困境的认识”；C项“对精神病院的生动描述使读者震惊”；D项“描述一种新的精神疾病治疗方法的发明”，因此A选项正确。

5.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingshortparagraphsintoEnglish

WhatIHaveLivedForbyBertrandRussell“我的人生追求”一帕特兰罗素有三种朴实却异常强烈的激情左右着我的人生：渴望爱情，寻求知识和对受苦人的怜悯。这三种激情尤如飓风肆意地吹着我，从无边的苦海吹向绝境.

我寻找爱，因为爱使人陶醉，我常常宁愿用我全部的余生来换取几个小时这样的欣喜。我寻找爱，因为爱使我解除了孤寂，解除了一个颤抖的灵魂从人世间到冷漠无底的深渊所经历的孤寂。我寻找爱，因为我在爱的缩影中看到了圣人和诗人眼里天堂的景象=这就是以往我寻找的，虽然对于人生来说似乎过于美好，但我终于找到了。

以同样的激情，我寻求知识。我渴望理解人类的心灵。我想知道群星为何闪炼。我试图领悟毕达哥拉斯的数的魔力，它支配着数的和谐。我已多少达到了此目的。

爱和知识总是通往天堂。但是怜悯总把我带回尘世。痛苦喊叫的回声在我心中回荡。

【答案】WhatIHaveLivedForbyBertrandRussell6.单选题

Landbelongstothecity;thereis（）thingasprivateownershipofland.

问题1选项

A.nosucha

B.notsuch

C.notsucha

D.nosuch

【答案】D

【解析】句意:土地属于城市所有；根本没有私有土地所有权这一说。

考查固定搭配。nosuchthingas没有…的事。

7.单选题

Icameacrossanoldcountryguidetheotherday.Itlistedallthetradesmenineachvillageinmypartofthecountry,anditwasimpressivetoseethegreatvarietyofserviceswhichwereavailableonone’sowndoorstepinthelateVictoriancountryside.

NowadaysasuperficialtravelerinruralEnglandmightconcludethattheonlyvillagetradesmenstillflourishingwereeithersellingfrozenfoodtotheinhabitantsorsellingantiquestovisitors.Nevertheless,thiswouldreallybeafalseimpression.Admittedlytherehasbeenacontractionofvillagecommerce,butitsvigorisstillremarkable.

Ourlocalgrocer’sshop,forexample,isactuallyexpandinginspiteofthecompetitionfromsupermarketsinthenearesttown.Womensensiblyprefertogothereandexchangethelocalnewswhiledoingtheirshopping,insteadofqueuingup(anonymously)atasupermarket.Andtheproprietorknowswellthatpersonalservicehasasubstantialcashvalue.

Hispricesmaybeabithigherthanthoseinthetown,buthewilldeliveranythingatanytime.Hisassistantsthinknothingofbicyclingdownthevillagestreetintheirlunchhourtotakeapieceofcheesetoanoldagepensionerwhosentherorderbywordofmouthwithafriendwhohappenedtobepassing,themoreaffluentcustomerstelephonetheirshoppinglistsandthegoodsareontheirdoorstepswithinanhour.Theyhaveonlytoknitatafancyforsomecommodityoutsidetheusualstockandthegrocer,aredfacedfigure,instantlyobtainsitfromthem.Thevillagegainsfromthissortofenterprise,ofcourse.ButIalsofinditsatisfactorybecauseavillageshopoffersoneofthefewwaysinwhichamodestindividualistcanstillgetalongintheworldwithoutattachinghimselftothebigbattalionsofindustryorcommerce.

MostofthevillageshopkeepersIknow,atanyrate,aredecidedlyindividualistintheirways.Forexample,ourshoemakerisaformidablefigure:athickset,irritablemanwhomchildrentreatwithmarkedrespect,knowingthatanilljudgedwordcanprovokeanangryeruptionatanytime.Hestareswithsmoulderingcontemptatthepairsofcheap,massproducedshoestakentohimforrepair:hasitcometothis,heseemstobesaying,thathe,acraftsman,shouldhavetowastehisskillsuponsuchtrash?Butweallknowhewillinfactdoexcellentworkuponthem.Andhemakesbeautifulshoesforthosewhocanaffordsuchluxury.

1.Thewriterconsideredtheoldcountryguideinterestingbecausehefoundinit（

）.

2.Thelocalgrocer’sshopisexpandingeventhough

（

）.

3.Thewriterimpliesthatonedisadvantageoftownshopsisthat

（

）.

4.Thewriterappreciatesthevillageshopbecause

（

）.

5.Whatisthevillageshoemakersreactiontomassproducedshoes?

问题1选项

A.thenamesofsomanyoftheshopsinthevillagearound

B.themanypeoplesellingto,anddoingjobsfor,residentsinlocalvillagesatthetimeitappeared

C.thevarietyofshopsandservicesavailableinVictoriandaysinBritain

D.informationaboutallthejobstherewereinhisownandsurroundingvillagesatthetimeitappeared

问题2选项

A.womenspendalotoftheirtimetherejustgossiping

B.townshopsarelargerandrathercheaper

C.peopleliketoshopwheretheyarelesswellknown

D.peoplegetpersonalserviceinhisshop

问题3选项

A.theirpricesarehigher

B.peoplecannottelephonethem

C.theirstaffmaytakelesstroubletosatisfycustomers

D.onehastoqueueupinthem

问题4选项

A.hewelcomescompetitionwithorganizedbusiness

B.helikestheideathatahumblepersoncanbesuccessful

C.thisisacaseofindividualsuccessinaworldofincreasing

D.hewelcomesanexampleofprivateenterprisesurvivinginanageofgiantcompanies

问题5选项

A.Heconsiderstheyarenotworththeeffortofmendingproperly.

B.Heisangrywiththecustomersforbringingtosuchrubbish.

C.Hedespisestheirquality.

D.Hefeelsexasperatedbecausepeoplewastetheirmoneyoninferiorshoes.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为这本陈旧的乡下导游手册有趣，是因为他在那里发现了……”。文章第一段提到这个导游手册列出了我所在地区每个村庄的每个商人，令人印象深刻的是，在维多利亚晚期的乡村，人们在家门口就可以得到各种各样的服务，由此可知选项B“很多人向当地乡下的居民销售商品或者提供服务”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“当地杂货商的店铺正在扩张，尽管……”。文章第三段第一句话提到“尽管有最近城镇的超市竞争，我们当地的杂货店实际在扩张”（Ourlocalgrocer’sshop,forexample,isactuallyexpandinginspiteofthecompetitionfromsupermarketsinthenearesttown），城镇商店的竞争力主要体现在规模大，东西便宜，选项B符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者暗示城镇商店的劣势之一是……”。文章第四段“乡下商人卖的商品的价格或许比城镇的高，但他们将在任何时间送任何商品，超市的助手不会想到在他们午饭的时间骑自行车去为一个靠养老金生活的老人送一块奶酪”（Hispricesmaybeabithigherthanthoseinthetown,buthewilldeliveranythingatanytime.Hisassistantsthinknothingofbicyclingdownthevillagestreetintheirlunchhourtotakeapieceofcheesetoanoldagepensioner），选项C“城镇商店店员不会花太多功夫去满足顾客”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者欣赏乡下商店的原因是……”。文章第四段最后一句“但我觉得它令人满意，因为乡村商店提供了为数不多的几种方式之一，一个谦虚的个人主义者仍然能在这个世界存活，而不必依附于工商业的大阵营”（ButIalsofinditsatisfactorybecauseavillageshopoffersoneofthefewwaysinwhichamodestindividualistcanstillgetalongintheworldwithoutattachinghimselftothebigbattalionsofindustryorcommerce），选项B“他喜欢谦逊的人能成功的概念”符合题意。

5.细节事实题。题目问的是“乡村鞋匠对批量生产的鞋子的反应是……”。文章最后一段提到乡村鞋匠带着蔑视的眼光去看那些批量生产的鞋子（Hestareswithsmoulderingcontemptatthepairsofcheap,massproducedshoestakentohimforrepair:hasitcometothis,heseemstobesaying,thathe,acraftsman,shouldhavetowastehisskillsuponsuchtrash?），选项C符合题意。

8.单选题

His______personalityprovidesgoodmaterialforcritics.

问题1选项

A.mature

B.considered

C.literate

D.dual

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项mature“成熟的”；B选项considered“经过深思熟虑的”；C选项literate“能读会写的”；D选项dual“双重的”。句意：他的______人格为评论家提供了很好的素材。根据语境，这里D选项dual“双重的”比较符合题意，意思指他的双重人格有很多可讨论的话题。因此D选项正确。

9.单选题

Theboyssmoked（）becausetheyfearedtheywouldbescoldedbytheparents.

问题1选项

A.onthesly

B.ontheside

C.tothepoint

D.onthespot

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A:onthesly“秘密地；暗地里”；B:ontheside“作为副业；秘密地；非法地”;C:tothepoint“中肯，扼要”；D:onthespot“当场；现场；在现场”。句意：因为他们害怕父母责骂，所以这些男孩偷偷抽烟。根据后文：becausetheyfearedtheywouldbescoldedbytheparents.可知A符合语境，为正确答案。

10.单选题

Thepresidentexplainedthatthepurposeoftaxationwasto（

）governmentspending.

问题1选项

A.finance

B.expand

C.enlarge

D.budget

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析。句意:总统解释说，税收的目的是为政府开支（

）。

Finance为...提供资金;expand扩大;enlarge扩大;budget安排开支,预算。故选A。

11.单选题

Framingaprobleminmythologicaltermscanpointtowardsolutionsatdeepermythiclevels.Forcenturies,theguidingmythofWesternculturehasbeenwhatmightbecalledthe“GrandNarrativeofProgress.”Itisthestoryofmovementtowardagoal—achievement,improvement,andconquest.Modernscienceandtechnologyhavepropelledthismyth,extendingthehumanlife-span,harnessingnaturalresourcesandthepoweroftheatom,carryingsoundsthroughtheatmosphere,andexploringouterspacebydefyinggravityitself.

Rationalthoughtandtheempiricalscientificmethodbecamethechiefinstrumentsoftheprogressmyth,andtheypromisedtodiscernwhicheconomicsystem,whichformofgovernment,andwhichaestheticdesignwouldbestleadhumanityoutofconfusiontowardautopianfuture.Assciencetestshypotheses,thosethatfailtobeverifiedareabandoned,allowingsciencetomoveforwardinaself-correcting,progressivedirection.

Mythologywasequatedwithsuperstitionandfalsehood:itsmostvitalelementscouldnotbesubjectedtoempiricalverification,anditemanatedfromthewellofimaginationratherthanreason.Spiritualconcerns,beliefsinthedivine,andrespectforthesacredwereconsideredtobethe“opiumofthemasses”and,likeanyotheraddiction,ahindrancetoprogress.

ButastheGrandNarrativeofProgresscametodominateothervaluesandviews,itcastamalignantshadow.Theinventionoftheautomobilewasthequintessenceofprogress,butitleftovercrowdedhighways,airpollution,anddeforestationinitswake.Fertilizersincreasedcropproductionbutalsoincreasedthegrowthofalgaeinlakesandcanals.Thediscoveryofpowerfulinsecticides—firstgreetedwithenthusiasmandaNobelPrize—wasfollowedbytheunintentionalpoisoningoffish,birds,andanimals.Nuclearpowerplantsincreasedavailableenergybutledtostorageproblems,life-threateningcontamination,andatleastoneaccidentwithworldwiderepercussions.Thewasteproductsoftechnologicallivingbegantochokegreatcitiesandfoulonce-pristinelands.AlthoughWesternhousing,clothing,andreligionwerebroughttoaboriginalpeople,andtherateofinfectiousdiseasewentdown,therateofalcoholism,drugaddiction,suicide,andspouseandchildrenabusewentup.

1.Bythefirstsentenceofthepassagetheauthormeansthat（）.

2.TheGrandNarrativeofProgresscanberealizedbecause（）.

3.Inthelastparagraph,theword“malignant”means（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheviewoftheauthor?

问题1选项

A.mythisveryimportantintheproblem-solutionrelationship

B.scienceandtechnologyarehelpfultosolvetheproblems

C.theGrandNarrativeofProgressispowerful

D.problemandsolutionarethetwins

问题2选项

A.itemanatedfromimaginationratherthanreason

B.itisthestoryofamovementtowardagoal

C.itdominatesothervaluesandviews

D.itiswiththoughtandmethod

问题3选项

A.fantastic

B.dominant

C.benign

D.harmful

问题4选项

A.Humanprogresshasnothingtodowithmythologies.

B.Themythhashelpedlittleinshapingthehumanfuture.

C.TheGrandNarrativeofProgressshouldbecriticized.

D.Scienceandtechnologycanleadustoautopianfuture

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】1.根据句意:用神话构思问题能更好地从神话的角度解决问题。也就是说,神话在解决问题的过程中非常重要。选项A正确。

2.根据关键词“GrandNarrativeofProgress”定位到第一段“...Itisthestoryofmovementtowardagoal—achievement,improvement,andconquest.”这是一个朝着目标前进的故事——成就、进步和征服。“进步大神话”之所以能实现是因为它有明确的目标,朝着目标前进。选项B符合原文。

3.原文中“malignant”修饰shadow,而在接下来的内容中主要描述的是“进步大神话”的负面影响,由此可以推断,shadow指阴影,选项中表示贬义的形容词只有选项D,所以“malignant”指有害的。

4.根据原文第三段可知,作者对神话的态度是反对的,紧接着在第四段花大量的篇幅讲述了“进步大神话”的负面影响,由此可以推断,作者认为,“进步大神话”应该受到批评。选项C正确。

12.单选题

Ifwouldbedifficultforoneso（）tobeledtobelievethatallmenareequalandthatwemustdisregardrace,color,andcreed.

问题1选项

A.emotional

B.broadminded

C.tolerant

D.intolerant

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。emotional“感情的”；broadminded“愿意听取不同意见的”；tolerant“忍耐的”；intolerant“不能容忍的，偏狭的”。句意：很难让偏狭的人相信众人是平等的，我们拒绝种族、肤色、宗教。选项B符合题意。

13.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseonyourANSWERSHEET.

Oneofthestrangestaspectsofourlifeisthewidespreadlackofconcernaboutthedangeroftotaldestructionbynuclearweapons,apossibilitypeopleareawareof.Theexplanation,Ibelieve,isthattheyaremoreproudofthanfrightenedbythegadgetsofmassdestruction.Also,theyaresofrightenedofthepossibilityoftheirpersonalfailureandhumiliationthattheiranxietyaboutpersonalmatterspreventsthemfromfeelinganxiousaboutthepossibilitythateverybodyandeverythingmaybedestroyed.Perhapstotaldestructionisevenmoreattractivethantotalinsecurityandnever-endingpersonalanxiety.

【答案】我们生活中最奇怪的一个方面是，人们普遍不关心核武器可能带来彻底毁灭的危险，而人们也知道这种可能性。我认为，可以解释为，他们对大规模毁灭性武器与其说感到害怕，不如说感到自豪。此外，他们对个人失败和被羞辱的可能性是如此恐惧，以至于他们对个人事务的焦虑阻碍了他们去担忧每个人、每件事都可能被摧毁的可能性。也许彻底的毁灭比完全的不安全感和无休止的个人焦虑更有吸引力。

14.单选题

CharlesWeiss,programmedirectorofscienceandinternationalaffairsatGeorgetownUniversityinWashingtonD.C,wasthebank'sscienceadviserintheearly1980s.Hebelievesthislatestattempttogetthebankthinkingaboutsciencehasmorechanceofsucceedingthanhisownefforts.This,hesays,ispartlybecausetheyhavethesupportofseniorexecutives,particularlyJamesWolfensohn,thebank'spresidentandpartlybecausethebankisnowkeentopromoteknowledge-baseddevelopment.

Unusuallyforalendinginstitution,theWorldBankpossessesworld-classexpertiseontheprojectsandtheregionswhereitlendsmoney.Ofits8,000staff,3000haveaPhD-levelqualification,andmanyofthesearetop-rankedresearchersheadhuntedfromuniversities.Thequantityandqualityofthebank'sresearchisconsistentlyhigh.

Butthismoreanalyticalaspectofthebank'sworkhasalwaysbeenovershadowedbyitslendingarmknownasoperationswhichhasgenerallyconsideredresearchtobeafunctionoflending,ratherthananactivityinitsownright.In1987,halfoftheresearchstaffweresenttoworkinoperations.

Thistensionbetweentheresearchand