考研考博-英语-四川工商学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川工商学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.不定项选择题

Atypeofcellthatfloatsfreelyintheamnioticfluidofpregnantwomenhasbeenfoundtohavemanyofthesametraitsasembryonicstemcells,includinganabilitytogrowintobrain,muscleandothertissuesthatcouldbeusedtotreatavarietyofdiseases,scientistsreportedyesterday.

Thecells,shedbythedevelopingfetusandeasilyretrievedduringroutineprenataltesting,areeasiertomaintaininlaboratorydishesthanembryonicstemcells-thehighlyversatilecellsthatcomefromdestroyedhumanembryosandareatthecenterofaheatedcongressionaldebatethatwillresumethisweek.

Moreover,becausethecellsareageneticmatchtothedevelopingfetus,tissuesgrownfromtheminthelaboratorywillnotberejectediftheyareusedtotreatbirthdefectsinthatnewborn,researcherssaid.Alternatively,thecellscouldbefrozen,providingapersonalizedtissuebankforuselaterinlife.

Thenewcellsareaddingcredencetoanemergingconsensusamongexpertsthatthepopulardistinctionbetweenembryonicand“adult”stemcells-thoseisolatedfromadultbonemarrowandotherorgans-isartificial.

Increasingly,itappearsthereisacontinuumofstemcelltypes,rangingfromtheembryoniconesthatcanmorphintovirtuallyanykindoftissuebutaredifficulttotame,uptoadultonesthatcanturnintoalimitednumberoftissuesbutarerelativelyeasytocontrol.

Thenewlyanalyzedfetalstemcells,scientistssaid,havemanyoftheadvantagesofboth.

“Theygrowfast,asfastasembryonicstemcells,andtheyshowgreatpluripotentiality,”meaningtheycanbecomemanykindsoftissues,saidstudyleaderAnthonyAtala,directoroftheInstituteforRegenerativeMedicineatWakeForestUniversitySchoolofMedicineinWinston-Salem,N.C.“Buttheyremainstableforyearswithoutformingtumors,”headded,somethingthatembryoniccellsarenotverygoodat.

Atalaandotherscientistsemphasizedthattheydon’tbelievethecellswillmakeembryonicstemcellsirrelevant.

“There’snotgoingtobeoneshoethatfitsall,”saidRobertLanza,scientificdirectoratAdvancedCellTechnologyinWorcester,Mass.“We’regoingtohavetoseewhichonesaremostusefulforwhichclinicalconditions.”

GeorgeDaley,aHarvardstemcellresearcher,echoedthatsentiment.“Theyarenotareplacementforembryonicstemcells,”hesaid.

Butinthepast,evenhintsthatnon-embryoniccellsmighthavemedicalpotentialsimilartoembryoniconeshavecomplicatedthepoliticalpushtoexpandfederalfundingforthecontroversialfield.Andaccordingly,opponentsquicklypouncedonthenewresults.

65.（）isnotatraitofembryonicstemcells.

66.Thecellsthatareshedbythedevelopingfetusare（）.

67.Tissuesgrownfromthesecellsinthelaboratorywillnotberejectedastheyare（）.

68.Embryonicstemcellscan（）.

69.RobertLanzasaid“There’snotgoingtobeoneshoethatfitsall.”Hemeant（）.

70.Theword“retrieved”inthesecondparagraphcanbebestreplacedby（）.

问题1选项

A.Growingintobraintissues

B.Usingembryonicstemcellstotreatavarietyofdiseases

C.Causingavarietyofdiseases

D.Growingintomuscletissues

问题2选项

A.atthecenterofaheatedcongressionaldebate

B.moredifficulttomaintaininlaboratorydishesthanembryonicstemcells

C.difficulttoretrieveduringroutineprenataltesting

D.easilyretrievedduringroutineprenataltesting

问题3选项

A.freeofbirthdefects

B.easiertocultivate

C.ageneticmatchtothedonor

D.canbefrozenforusebyanyoneinneed

问题4选项

A.turnintoalimitednumberoftissuesandaredifficulttotame

B.turnintoalimitednumberoftissuesbutarerelativelyeasytocontrol

C.canmorphintovirtuallyanykindoftissueandarerelativelyeasytocontrol

D.canmorphintovirtuallyanykindoftissuebutaredifficulttotame

问题5选项

A.hedoesnotbelievethesecellswillmakeembryonicstemcellsirrelevant

B.heknowspeoplehavedifferentsizefeet

C.hewillstillneedtoseewhichonesaremostusefulforwhichclinicalcondition

D.evenhintsthatnon-embryoniccellsmighthavemedicalpotentialhascomplicatedthings

问题6选项

A.takenoutfortesting

B.collectedforotheruses

C.sampledfortesting

D.usedfortesting

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:A

【解析】65.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据文章第一段第一、二句Atypeofcellthatfloatsfreelyintheamnioticfluidofpregnantwomenhasbeenfoundtohavemanyofthesametraitsasembryonicstemcells,includinganabilitytogrowintobrain,muscleandothertissuesthatcouldbeusedtotreatavarietyofdiseases.（一种可以在孕妇羊水中自由漂浮的细胞被发现与胚胎干细胞有许多相同的特征，包括能够生长成大脑、肌肉和其他组织，用于治疗各种疾病），选项C“引起各种疾病”，文章没有提到此内容，C选项正确。A选项“在脑组织中生长”，文章提到，这种细胞可以生长大脑，A选项可排除。B“利用胚胎干细胞治疗多种疾病”，文章提到，这种细胞可以治疗各种疾病，B选项可排除。D选项“长成肌肉组织”，文章提到，这种细胞，可以长成肌肉组织，D选项可排除。因此C选项正确。

66.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据第二段第一句Thecells,shedbythedevelopingfetusandeasilyretrievedduringroutineprenataltesting（这些细胞由发育中的胎儿脱落，在常规的产前检查中很容易得到），D选项“在常规产前检查中很容易找回”，符合文章内容，D选项正确。A选项“处于激烈的国会辩论的中心”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。B选项“比胚胎干细胞更难在实验室培养皿中保存”，文章没有提到这些细胞更难在实验室培养皿中保存，B选项可排除。C选项“很难在常规产前检查中恢复”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此D选项正确。

67.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据第三段第一句becausethecellsareageneticmatchtothedevelopingfetus,tissuesgrownfromtheminthelaboratorywillnotberejected（因为这些细胞在基因上与发育中的胎儿相匹配，所以在实验室中从它们生长出来的组织不会被排斥），可推测，这些细胞在基因上与发育的胎儿相匹配，C选项“和捐赠者的基因匹配”正确。其余选项，A选项“无出生缺陷”，B选项“更容易培养”和D选项“可以冷冻起来供有需要的人使用”，不符合文章内容，可排除。因此C选项正确。

68.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据第五段第三句theembryoniconesthatcanmorphintovirtuallyanykindoftissuebutaredifficulttotame（胚胎细胞几乎可以变成任何一种组织，但很难驯服），可以推断出D选项“可以转化成几乎任何一种组织，但很难驯服”正确。A选项“变成数量有限的组织，很难驯服”，文章没有提到会变成数量有限的组织，A选项可排除。B选项“转化成数量有限的组织，但相对容易控制”，说法错误，可排除。C选项“可以转化成几乎任何一种组织并且相对容易控制”，文章中没有提到细胞容易控制，C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。

69.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据Atalaandotherscientistsemphasizedthattheydon’tbelievethecellswillmakeembryonicstemcellsirrelevant.（Atala和其他科学家强调，他们不相信这些细胞会使胚胎干细胞变得无关紧要）和“There’snotgoingtobeoneshoethatfitsall,”saidRobertLanza（罗伯特•兰扎(RobertLanza)表示：“没有一双鞋是适合所有人的”），可知RobertLanza，Atalaandotherscientists的观点是一致的，他不认为这种新型细胞是万能的，会代替胚胎干细胞的所有功能，使之变得不相干。所以题干中的这句话实际上是在支撑前面的科学家的那句话theydon’tbelievethecellswillmakeembryonicstemcellsirrelevant.（他们不相信这些细胞会使胚胎干细胞变得无关紧要），A选项“他不相信这些细胞会使胚胎干细胞变得无关紧要”，符合文章内容，A选项正确；B选项“他知道每个人的脚大小都不一样”并不是RobertLanza所暗示的含义；根据原文“There’snotgoingtobeoneshoethatfitsall,”saidRobertLanza,scientificdirectoratAdvancedCellTechnologyinWorcester,Mass.“We’regoingtohavetoseewhichonesaremostusefulforwhichclinicalconditions.”（“没有一只鞋适合所有人”，RobertLanza说，他是麻省Worcester先进细胞技术的科学总监“我们将不得不确定哪些药物对哪些临床情况最为有用”）可知C选项“他还需要看看哪些药物对哪些临床情况最有用”在文章中有提及，但这句话是补充说明前文，表达他不认为这种新型细胞是万能的，而是要对症下药；D选项“即使暗示非胚胎细胞可能具有医疗潜力，也会使事情变得复杂”并不是RobertLanza的观点。因此A选项正确。

70.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】词义辨析题。根据题干可以定位到第二段第一句Thecells,shedbythedevelopingfetusandeasilyretrievedduringroutineprenataltesting（这些细胞由发育中的胎儿脱落，在常规的产前检查中很容易得到）。这句话表达的是“在常规产前检查中容易取出这种细胞做检查”。A选项“拿出来测试”，符合文章内容。B选项“收集作其他用途”，不符合文章内容，可排除。C选项“取样测试”，文章没有提到取样，可排除C选项。D选项“用于测试”，文章没有提到这种细胞用于测试，可排除。因此A选项正确。

2.单选题

Recentresearchhasclaimedthatanexcessofpositiveions（离子）intheaircanhaveanilleffectonpeople’sphysicalorpsychologicalhealth.Whatarepositiveions?Well,theairisfullofions,electricallychargedparticle,andgenerallythereisaroughbalancebetweenthepositiveandthenegativecharged.Butsometimesthisbalancebecomesdisturbedandalargeproportionofpositiveionsarefound.Thishappensnaturallybeforethunderstorms,earthquakesofwhenwindssuchasthemistral（寒冷的西北风）areblowingincertaincountries.Oritcanbecausedbyabuild-upofstaticelectricity（静电）indoorsfromcarpetsorclothingmadeofman-madefibers,orfromTVsets,duplicatorsorcomputerdisplayscreens.

Whenalargenumberofpositiveionsarepresentintheairmanypeopleexperienceunpleasanteffectssuchasheadaches,fatigue,irritability,andsomeparticularlysensitivepeoplesuffernausea（恶心）orevenmentaldisturbance.Animalsarealsofoundtobeaffected,particularlybeforeearthquakes.Snakeshavebeenobservedtocomeoutofhibernation,ratstofleefromtheirburrows,dogshowlandcatsjumpaboutunaccountably.ThishasledtheUSGeographicalSurveytofundanetworkofvolunteerstowatchanimalsinanefforttoforeseesuchdisastersbeforetheyhitvulnerableareassuchasCalifornia.

Conversely,whenlargenumbersofnegativeionsarepresent,thenpeoplehaveafeelingofwell-being.Naturalconditionsthatproducethesearenearthesea,closetowaterfallsoffountains,orinanyplacewherewaterissprayed,orformsaspray.Thisprobablyaccountsforthebeneficialeffortofaholidaybythesea,orinthemountainswithtumblingstreamsorwaterfalls.

33.Toincreasethesupplyofnegativeionsindoors,somescientistsrecommendtheuseofionizers:smallportablemachineswhichgenerateneuativeions.Theyclaimthationizersnotonlycleanandrefreshtheairbutalsoimprovethehealthofpeopleofpeoplesensitivetoexcesspositiveions.Ofcourse,therearethedetractors,otherscientists,whodismisssuchclaimsandareskepticalaboutnegative/positiveionresearch.Thereforepeoplecanonlymakeuptheirownmindsobservingtheeffectsonthemselves,oronothers,ofanegativerichorpoorenvironment.Afterall,itisdebatablewhetherdependingonseismic（地震的）readingstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffectivethanwatchingthecat.

1.Whateffectdoesexcessivepositiveionizationhaveonsomepeople?

2.Accordingtothepassage,staticelectricitycanbecausedby（）.

3.Ahighnegativeioncountislikelytobefound（）.

4.Whatkindofmachinecangeneratenegativeionsindoors?

5.Somescientistsbelievethat（）.

问题1选项

A.Theythinktheyareinsane.

B.Theyfeelratherbad-tempered.

C.Theybecomeviolentlysick.

D.Theyaretootiredtodoanything.

问题2选项

A.usinghome-madeelectricalgoods

B.wearingclothesmadeofnaturalmaterials

C.walkingonartificialfloorcoverings

D.copyingTVprogramsonacomputer

问题3选项

A.nearapondwithawaterpump

B.closetoslowflowingriver

C.insomebarrenmountains

D.byarotatingwatersprinkler

问题4选项

A.Ionizers.

B.Air-conditioners.

C.Exhaust-fans

D.Vacuum-pump

问题5选项

A.watchinganimalstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffective

B.theunusualbehaviorsofanimalscannotbetrusted

C.neitherwatchingnorusingseismographisreliable

D.earthquakescannotaffectanyanimals

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。由第二段“Whenalargenumberofpositiveionsarepresentintheairmanypeopleexperienceunpleasanteffectssuchasheadaches,fatigue,irritability,andsomeparticularlysensitivepeoplesuffernausea（恶心）orevenmentaldisturbance.当大量的正离子存在空气中时，很多人经历不愉快的影响，如头痛、疲劳、易怒、一些特别敏感的人遭受恶心,甚至精神障碍。可知当空气中存在大量正离子时，人们会变得很不舒服。故C项正确。

2.细节事实题。由第一段“Thishappensnaturallybeforethunderstorms,earthquakesofwhenwindssuchasthemistralareblowingincertaincountries.Oritcanbecausedbyabuild-upofstaticelectricityindoorsfromcarpetsorclothingmadeofman-madefibers,orfromTVsets,duplicatorsorcomputerdisplayscreens.这是在雷暴之前自然发生的，雷暴是指某些国家刮西北风时发生的地震。也有可能是由于人造纤维制成的室内地毯或衣物、电视机、复印机或电脑显示屏产生的静电积聚造成的。”可知C项“人造地毯上行走”正确。A项“家用电器”与文中提到的“电脑、电视机、复印机的显示屏会产生静电”不符，并不是所有家用电器都会产生静电。B项“naturalmaterials”与原文中的“man-madefibers”不符。D项“在电脑上拷贝电视节目”并没有表明电脑在播放节目，原文提到只有显示屏在播放节目时才会产生静电，故D项错误。

3.推理判断题。由第三段“Naturalconditionsthatproducethesearenearthesea,closetowaterfallsoffountains,orinanyplacewherewaterissprayed,orformsaspray.产生这些的自然条件是靠近大海，靠近喷泉的瀑布，或任何水被喷洒的地方，或形成一个水沫。”可知要产生负离子，必须要有水快速流动。故只有D项“通过旋转器洒水的车辆”符合。

4.推理判断题。Toincreasethesupplyofnegativeironsindoors,somescientistsrecommendtheuseofionizers:smallportablemachineswhichgenerateneuativeions.为了增加室内负离子的供应，一些科学家建议使用离子发生器:可以产生中性离子的小型便携式机器。故A项“电离子器”正确。

5.推理判断题。由第二段“ThishasledtheUSGeographicalSurveytofundanetworkofvolunteerstowatchanimalsinanefforttoforeseesuchdisastersbeforetheyhitvulnerableareassuchasCalifornia.这使得美国地理调查局(USGeographicalSurvey)资助了一个由志愿者组成的观察动物的网络，以便这些灾难袭击加州等脆弱地区之前，就预见它们。”可知科学家相信观察动物的表现可以有效地预测地震。故A项正确。BCD三项内容与原文相反。

3.单选题

Formostofus,workisthecentral,dominatingfactoroflife.Wespendmorethanhalfourconscioushoursatwork,preparingforwork,travelingtoandfromwork.Whatwedotherelargelydeterminesourstandardoflivingandtoaconsiderableextentthestatusweareaccordedbyourfellowcitizensaswell.Itissometimessaidthatbecauseleisurehasbecomemoreimportant,theindignitiesandinjusticesofworkcanbepushedintoacorner;thatbecausemoreworkisprettyintolerable,thepeoplewhodoitshouldcompensateforitsboredom,frustrationsandhumiliationsbyconcentratingtheirhopesontheotherpartsoftheirlives.Irejectthatasacounselofdespair.Fortheforeseeablefuturethematerialandpsychologicalrewardswhichworkcanprovide,andtheconditionsinwhichworkisdone,willcontinuetoplayavitalpartindeterminingthesatisfactionthatlifecanoffer.Yetonlyasmallminoritycancontrolthepaceatwhichtheyworkortheconditionsinwhichtheirworkisdone;onlyforasmallminoritydoesworkofferscopeforcreativity,imagination,orinitiative.

Inequalityatworkandinworkisstilloneofthecruelestandmostglaringformsofinequalityinoursociety.Wecannothopetosolvethemoreobviousproblemsofindustriallife,manyofwhicharisedirectlyorindirectlyfromtheinequalityatwork.Stilllesscanwehopetocreateadecentandhumanesociety.

Themostglaringinequalityisthatbetweenmanagersandtherest.Formostmanagers,workisanopportunityandachallenge.Theirjobsengagetheirinterestandallowthemtodeveloptheirabilities.Theyareabletoexerciseresponsibility;theyhaveaconsiderabledegreeofcontrolovertheirownandtheothers’workinglives.Mostimportantofall,theyhavetheopportunitytoinitiate.Bycontrast,formostmanualworkers,workisaboring,monotonous,evenpainfulexperience.Theyspendalltheirworkinglivesinconditionswhichwouldberegardedasintolerableforthemselvesbythosewhotakethedecisionswhichletsuchconditionscontinue.Themajorityhavelittlecontrolovertheirwork;itprovidesthemwithnoopportunityforpersonaldevelopment.Oftenproductionissodesignedthatworkersaresimplypartofthetechnology.Inoffices,manyjobsaresoroutinethatworkersjustifiablyfeelthemselvestobemerecogsinthebureaucraticmachine.Asadirectconsequenceoftheirworkexperience,manyworkersfeelalienatedfromtheirworkandtheirfirm,whetheritisinpublicorinprivateownership.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,it’strueaboutworkthat（

）

.

2.Whatadvantagedomanagershaveovertheotherworkers?

3.Workingconditionsgenerallyremainbadbecause（

）.

4.Whatfrustratestheworkersinamodernsociety?

问题1选项

A.one’shappylifelargelydependsonwhetherhisworkisrewarding

B.concentratingonyourworkisacounselwhenyouareindespair

C.peopleshouldtrytoavoidtheintolerableunfairnessofwork

D.dignitybecomesmoreandmoreimportantthanwork

问题2选项

A.Theycancontrolotherpeople’slives.

B.Theycanmaketheirowndecisions.

C.Theycanworkatwhateverintereststhem.

D.Theycangettimeofftoattendcourses.

问题3选项

A.theworkerslosetheirintereststochangethem

B.fewpeoplecandecidewhattodoaboutthem

C.officeworkerswanttoprotecttheirpositions

D.managersdonotwanttochangethem

问题4选项

A.Theirworkinterfereswiththeirprivatelives.

B.Theyareincapableofdoingtheirworkproperly.

C.Theyfeeltheyarejustasmallandsubordinatepartofit.

D.Theirlivesarecomplicatedduetotechnologicaladvances.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段倒数第二句“Fortheforeseeablefuture...thesatisfactionthatlifecanoffer.”在可预见的将来,工作所能提供的物质和精神回报以及工作环境,将继续在决定生活所能提供的满意度方面发挥重要作用。也就是说,一个人的幸福生活在很大程度上取决于他的工作是否有回报。选项A符合原文。

2.根据第三段的三四句“Theirjobsengagetheirinterest...theothers’workinglives.”他们对自己的工作感兴趣,能够发挥自己的才能。他们能够履行职责;对自己和他人的工作有相当大的控制权。由此可以推断,经理的优势就是可以自己做决定,选项B符合原文。

3.根据第三段“Theyspendalltheirworkinglivesinconditionswhichwouldberegardedasintolerableforthemselvesbythosewhotakethedecisionswhichletsuchconditionscontinue.”他们所有的工作生活都是在一种他们认为无法忍受的条件下度过的,而作出决定的人却让这种条件继续下去。这里“作出决定的人”指的就是经理,所以选项D正确。

4.根据第三段最后几句,大多数人对自己的工作几乎没有控制权;没有个人发展的机会。通常生产是如此设计的,工人只是技术的一部分。在办公室里,许多工作都是例行公事,以至于工人们理所当然地觉得自己只是官僚机器的齿轮。选项C符合原文。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

4.单选题

The“Cubanincident”couldhavedevelopedintoafull-fledgedcrisisbetweenthetwosuperpowers,butpreventativediplomacy（）it.

问题1选项

A.shortened

B.accelerated

C.absorbed

D.aborted

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。shorten“缩短”；accelerate“加速”；absorb“吸收”；abort“使终止”。句意：“古巴事件”差点成为两个超级大国之间的全面危机，但预防性的外交却使危机终止。选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

Henry’snewsreportcoveringtheconferencewasso（

）thatnothinghadbeenomitted.

问题1选项

A.understanding

B.comprehensible

C.comprehensive

D.understandable

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。understanding“理解”；comprehensible“可理解的”；comprehensive“综合的；广泛的”；understandable“可以理解的”。句意：亨利的新闻报道非常详尽，几乎没有遗漏。选项C符合题意。

6.单选题

Weallhaveoffensivebreathatonetimeoranother.Inmostcases,offensivebreathemanatesfrombacteriainthemouth,althoughthereareother,moresurprisingcauses.

Untilafewyearsago,themostdoctorscoulddowastocounselpatientswithbadbreathaboutoralcleanliness.Nowtheyarefindingnewwaystotreattheusuallycurablecondition.

Badbreathcanhappenwheneverthenormalflowofsalivaslows.Ourmouthsarefullofbacteriafeedingonproteininbitsoffoodandshedtissue.Thebacteriaemitsmellinggases,theworstofwhichishydrogensulfide.

Mouthbacteriathriveinairlessconditions.Oxygen-richsalivakeepstheirnumbersdown.Whenwesleep,forexample,thesalivastreamslows,andsulfideproducingbacteriagainstheupperhand,producingclassic“morningbreath”.

Alcohol,hunger,toomuchtalking,breathingthroughthemouthduringexercise—anythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath.Socanstress,thoughit’snotunderstoodwhy.Somepeople’sbreathturnssoureverytimetheygoonajobinterview.

Salivaflowgraduallyslowswithage,whichexplainswhytheelderlyhavemorebadbreathtroublethanyoungerpeopledo.Babies,however,whomakeplentyofsalivaandwhosemouthscontainrelativelyfewbacteriahavecharacteristicallysweetbreath.

Formostofus,filesimple,dry-mouthvarietyofbadbreathiseasilycured.Eatingordrinkingstartssalivaandsweepsawaymanyofthebacteria.Breakfastoftenstopsmorningbreath.Thosewithchronicdrymouthfindthatithelpstokeepgum,hardcandy,orabottleofwaterorjuicearound.Brushingtheteethwipesoutdry-mouthbadbreathbecauseitclearsawaymanyoftheoffendingbacteria.

Surprisingly,onethingthatrarelyworksismouthwash.Theliquidcanmaskbad-breathodorwithitsownsmell,buttheeffectlastsnomorethananhour.Somemouthwashesclaimtokillthebacteriaresponsibleforbadbreath.Thetroubleistheydon’tnecessarilyreachalloffendinggerms.Mostbacteriaarewellprotectedfrommouthwashunderthicklayersofmucus.Ifthemouthwashcontainsalcohol—asmostdo—itcanintensifytheproblembydryingoutthemouth.

1.Theunderlinedphrase“emanatefrom”in(Sent.2,Para.1)mostprobablymeans“（）”.

2.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasoneofthecausesofbadbreath?

3.Accordingtothepassage,alcoholhassomethingtodowithbadbreathmainlybecause（）.

4.Mouthwashesarenotaneffectivecureforbadbreathmainlybecause（）.

5.Wecaninferfromthispassagethat（）.

问题1选项

A.thriveon

B.accountfor

C.originatefrom

D.descendfrom

问题2选项

A.Toothtrouble.

B.Sulfur-richfood.

C.Toomuchexercise.

D.Mentalstrain.

问题3选项

A.itkeepsoffendingbacteriafromreproducing

B.itssmelladdstobadbreath

C.itkillssomehelpful

D.itaffectsthenormalflowofsaliva

问题4选项

A.theycan’tmaskthebadodorlongenough

B.theycan’tgettoalltheoffendingbacteria

C.theirstrongsmellmixeswithbadbreathandmakesitworse

D.theycan’tcoverthethicklayersofmucus

问题5选项

A.offensivebreathcan’teasilybecured

B.elderlypeoplearelessoffendedbybadbreath

C.heavydrinkersarelessaffectedbybadbreath

D.offensivebreathislessaffectedbyalcohol

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.词义推测题。根据第一段第二句offensivebreathemanatesfrombacteriainthemouth（口臭来自口腔中的细菌），可知C选项“源自”符合题意，故C选项正确。A选项“靠，以”，B选项“对……负有责任；对……做出解释；（比例）占有”，以及D选项“传下来”意思不符合。因此C选项正确。

2.语义推测题。根据第五段第一、二句anythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath.Socanstress,thoughit’snotunderstoodwhy（任何使口腔干燥的东西都会产生口臭。压力也是如此，尽管不知道为什么），可知精神紧张导致口臭，故D选项“精神紧张”正确。A选项“牙齿问题”：根据第二段第一句，医生最多能建议有口臭的病人保持口腔清洁，可知口臭与口腔清洁有关，没有提到和牙齿问题有关。B选项“高硫的食物”：根据第三段第二、三句，细菌以食物中的蛋白质为食，并排放硫化物这种口臭中最难闻的气体，可知并不是高硫食物导致口臭。C选项“运动过度”：根据第五段第一句，运动时用嘴呼吸产生口臭，可知不是运动过多导致口臭。因此D选项正确。

3.语义推测题。根据第三段第一句Badbreathcanhappenwheneverthenormalflowofsalivaslows（只要唾液的正常流速放缓，就会有口臭）和第五段第一句Alcohol…anythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath（酒精……任何使口腔干燥的东西都会产生口臭），酒精引发口臭，而口臭的原因就是唾液流速低于正常速度，可推断酒精影响唾液正常流动，故D选项“它影响唾液正常流动”正确。A选项“它能阻止致病细菌繁殖”：文章中没有提到任何方法阻止细菌繁殖，只有通过刷牙等清除细菌的方法。B选项“其气味加剧口臭”：根据第八段第二句，含有酒精的漱口水通过气味掩盖口臭，没有提到其气味加剧口臭。C选项“它能有效杀死细菌”：根据第八段第三、四句，漱口水可以杀死部分细菌，但不能杀死所有致病细菌，可知漱口水不能有效杀死细菌。因此D选项正确。

4.语义推测题。根据第八段第四句Thetroubleistheydon’tnecessarilyreachalloffendinggerms（问题是它们不一定能接触到所有致病的细菌），thetrouble交代这是漱口水不能有效治疗口臭的主要原因，故B选项“它们无法接触到所有致病细菌”正确。A选项“它们无法长时间掩盖难闻气味”：无法长时间掩盖气味是漱口水不能有效治疗口臭的表现。C选项“它们浓烈的气味和口臭味道混合后加剧口臭”：根据第八段最后一句如果漱口水中含有酒精——大多数都含有——会加剧问题，可知漱口水含有酒精并且加剧口臭。D选项“它们不能覆盖厚厚的黏液层”：根据第八段倒数第二句，大多数细菌在厚层黏液中，漱口水不能杀死它们，没有说到为什么不能和漱口水能不能到达厚层黏液。因此B选项正确。

5.细节判断题。根据第二段Untilafewyearsago,themostdoctorscoulddowastocounselpatientswithbadbreathaboutoralcleanliness.Nowtheyarefindingnewwaystotreattheusuallycurablecondition.（直到几年前，医生能做的最多的就是建议有口臭的病人保持口腔清洁。现在他们正在寻找新的方法来治疗这种通常可以治愈的疾病），对于治愈口臭，前几年医生能做的有限，而且现在还在寻找方法治愈口臭，可见口臭不容易治愈，故A选项“口臭不容易治愈”正确。B选项“老年人口臭较少”：根据第六段第一句老年人比年轻人更多有口臭问题，可知老年人口臭问题更多。C选项“酗酒者较少受到口臭的影响”和D选项“口臭受酒精影响较小”：根据第五段第一句酒精……任何使口腔干燥的东西都会产生口臭，可知酒精加剧口臭问题并且影响不小。因此A选项正确。

7.单选题

Hehadwanteda25%raiseinpay,butaftertalkingtohisboss,hedecidedthata5%raisewould_______.

问题1选项

A.suffice

B.modify

C.gratify

D.delight

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项suffice“使满足（表示带有无奈情绪的满足）；足够……用；合格”；B选项modify“修改，修饰；更改”；C选项gratify“使满足（表示超出预想的满足）；使满意，使高兴”；D选项delight“使高兴；高兴”。句意：他本想得到25%的工资涨幅，但在同老板谈话后，他认为他不得不满足于5%的涨幅。因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

AftertheArabstateswonindependence,greatemphasiswaslaidonexpandingeducation,withgirlsaswellasboys___togotoschool.

问题1选项

A.tobeencouraged

B.beenencouraged

C.beingencouraged

D.beencourage

【答案】C

【解析】考查非谓语动词。介词with可引出分词独立结构，表示一种陪衬性动作或补充说明。A选项：动词不定式常作目的状语或表示将来的动作，不能引出陪衬性动作；B选项和D选项这两种形式不属于非谓语动词，排除；C选项现在分词表示陪衬性动作，符合题意。因此C选项正确。

9.单选题

Governmenttodayplaysanincreasinglylargerroleinthe（

）ofwelfare,economics,andeducation.

问题1选项

A.scopes

B.ranges

C.ranks

D.domains

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。scope“范围，眼界，视野”；range“范围；幅度”；rank“级别，等级”；domain“领域，域，域名”。句意：现在政府在很多领域扮演着重要的角色，比如福利、经济和教育等。选项D符合题意。

10.单选题

Theprofessorgave（）instructiontothewholeclasssoastomakeeverystudentunderstandhowtoconducttheexperimentinthelab.

问题1选项

A.authoritative

B.afflictive

C.explicit

D.obvious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。authoritative“有权威的”；afflictive“难受的，苦恼的”；explicit“明确的”;obvious“明显的”。根据后面makeeverystudentunderstandhowtoconducttheexperimentinthelab“让每个学生知道如何在实验室中进行实验”可知教授给出了“详细的说明”，选项C符合题意。

11.单选题

Althoughhethoughthewashelpingustopreparethedinner,hewasactually（）theway.

问题1选项

A.in

B.off

C.by

D.on

【答案】A

【解析】句意:虽然他以为他是在帮我们准备晚餐，但实际上他是在帮倒忙。

考查短语辨析。Intheway妨碍，挡道；offtheway远离正道;bytheway顺便说一下；ontheway在…途中。根据前半句句意“虽然他以为他是在帮我们准备晚餐”可知A符合句意，这里可以理解为“帮倒忙”。

12.单选题

Maskedgunmen（）intheofficesofaFrenchsatiricalnewspaperonWednesday,thepolicesaid,withinitialreportssayingthatasmanyas11peoplehadbeenkilledand10wounded.

问题1选项

A.openedfire

B.wereopeningfire

C.openedfires

D.wasopeningafire

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。根据thepolicesaid可判断，这个句子的时态为一般过去时态，所以动词要用过去式，再有固定搭配“openfire”，意为“开火”。句意：警方称，蒙面枪手周三在一家法国讽刺新闻的办公室里开火了，最初报道称多达11人被杀，10人受伤。选项A符合题意。

13.单选题

Theriseofmultinationalcorporations,globalmarketing,newcommunicationstechnologies,andshrinkingculturaldifferenceshaveledtoanunparalleledincreaseinglobalpublicrelationsorPR.

Surprisingly,sincemodernPRwaslargelyanAmericaninvention,theU.S.leadershipinpublicrelationsisbeingthreatenedbyPReffortsinothercountries.Tenyearsago,forexample,theworld’'stopfivepublicrelationsagencieswereAmerican-owned.In1991,onlyonewas.TheBritishinparticulararebecomingmoresophisticatedandcreative.ArecentsurveyfoundthatmorethanhalfofallBritishcompaniesincludePRaspartoftheircorporateplanningactivities,comparedtoaboutonethirdofU.S.companies.ItmaynotbelongbeforeLondonreplacesNewYorkasthecapitalofPR.

WhyisAmericalaggingbehindintheglobalPRrace?First,Americansasawholetendtobefairlyprovincialandtakemoreofaninterestinlocalaffairs.Knowledgeofworldgeography,forexample,hasneverbeenstronginthiscountry.Secondly,AmericanslagbehindtheirEuropeanandAsiancounterpartsinknowingasecondlanguage.Lessthan5percentofBurson-Marshall’'sU.S.employeesknowtwolanguages.OgilvyandMatherhasaboutthesamepercentage.Conversely,someEuropeanfirmshavehalformoreoftheiremployeesfluentinasecondlanguage.Finally,peopleinvolvedinPRabroadtendtokeepaclosereyeoninternationalaffairs.InthefinancialPRarea,forinstance,mostAmericansreadtheWallStreetJournal.Overseas,theircounterpartsreadtheJournalaswellastheFinancialTimesofLondonandtheEconomist,publicationsnotoftenreadinthiscountry.

PerhapsthePRindustrymighttakealessonfromTedTurnerofCNN(CableNewsNetwork).Turnerrecentlyannouncedthattheword“foreign”’’wouldnolongerbeusedonCNNnewsbroadcasts.AccordingtoTurner,globalcommunicationshavemadethenationsoftheworldsointerdependentthatthereisnolongeranysuchthingasforeign.

41.Accordingtothepassage,U.S.leadershipinpublicrelationsisbeingthreatenedbecauseof______.

42.LondoncouldsoonreplaceNewYorkasthecenterofPRbecause______.

43.Theword“provincial”(Line2,Para.3)mostprobablymeans“______

”.

44.WelearnfromthethirdparagraphthatemployeesintheAmeri