考研考博-英语-哈尔滨华德学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-哈尔滨华德学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Mysecondclaimconcernsindividualdifferences.Owingtotheaccidentsof（

）,environment,andtheirinteraction,notwoofusexhibitthesameintelligenceinpreciselythesameproportions.

问题1选项

A.heredity

B.heir

C.heritage

D.supplement

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。heredity“遗传，遗传性”；heir“继承人，后嗣”；heritage“遗产，传统，继承权”；supplement“补充，补充物，附录”。根据句意‘我的第二个声称关于个人差异。由于（

）、环境及它们之间的相互作用，我们中没有两个人以恰好同样的比例显示同样的智力。’确定A选项heredity“遗传，遗传性”的正确。

2.写作题

Directions:Thepassagecontainstenerrors.Eachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofoneerror.Ineachcase,onlyonewordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassage,trytodetecttheerrorsandwritedownyourcorrectionsontheanswersheet.

【答案】答：

1.burglar改为burglary

2.it改为there

3.is去掉

4.the改为a

5.what改为that

6.may改为must

7.which改为that

8.of改为to

9.unprotect改为unprotected

10.out去掉

【解析】1.【解题思路】分析句子可知，burglar和assault是并列成分，burglar表示“入室窃贼”，而此句是表示“如果你担心不断上升的犯罪率，那么你可能知道你的房子、财产以及人正越来越处于急剧上升的盗窃和袭击案件的危险中”，所以要把burglar改为burglary，表示“入室盗窃”。

2.【解题思路】此句是表示“数据表明犯罪率不断上升”，应该用therebe句型，故把it改为there。

3.【解题思路】分析句子可知，show后面是一个省略了that的宾语从句，从句中的谓语动词是canhappen，所以要把is去掉。

4.【解题思路】此句表示“你若是住在城市，你成为受害者的风险是别人的两倍”，此处victim是泛指，所以要把表示特指的定冠词the改为不定冠词a。

5.【解题思路】分析句子可知，youcando是修饰前面的不定代词something，做定语从句，表示“幸亏还有些你肯定能做的事”，what只能引导名词性从句，不能引导定语从句，故把what改为that。

6.【解题思路】may表示征求对方同意或允许，译为“可能，也许”，这里表示的是“你必须要记住”，表示必要或提出建议，故把may改为must更合适。

7.【解题思路】分析句子可知，which引导的是定语从句，先行词为indication，但是前面有限定词no修饰，如果先行词由限定词修饰，定语从句引导词要用that，故把which改为that。

8.【解题思路】indicate表示“表明；示意”，通常与介词to搭配使用，不与of搭配，故把of改为to。

9.【解题思路】unprotect是动词，表示“无保护”的意思，而此处是要做形容词修饰名词house，所以要用过去分词的形式作定语，故把unprotect改为unprotected。

10.【解题思路】complete是及物动词，表示“完成”，后面不用跟介词，故把out去掉。

3.单选题

Apersonwhois______isslowtoadapttoanewwayoflife.

问题1选项

A.nonchalant

B.intractable

C.rabid

D.insolent

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.nonchalant若无其事的；冷静的B.intractable很难对付（或处理）的

C.rabid极端的；疯狂的D.insolent粗野的；无礼的

【答案】B

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息slowtoadapttoanewwayoflife（很难适应新的生活方式）可知，这个人是一个比较固执的人，只有B项词义与之符合。因此，该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】一个顽固的人很难适应新的生活方式。

4.单选题

Wateristhegiverand,atthesametime,thetakeroflife.Itcoversmostofthesurfaceoftheplanetweliveonandfeatureslargeinthedevelopmentofthehumanrace.Onpresentpredictions,itisancementthatissettoassumeevengreatersignificance.

Throughouthistory,waterhashadahugeimpactonourlives.Humankindhasalwayshadaratherambiguousrelationshipwithwater,ontheonehandreceivingenormousbenefitfromit,notjustasadrinkingsource,butasaprovideroffoodandameanswherebytotravelandtotrade.Butforcedtoliveclosetowaterinordertosurviveandtodevelop,therelationshiphasnotalwaysbeenpeacefulorbeneficial.Infact,ithasbeenquitethecontrary.Whathasessentiallybeenanecessityforsurvivalwasturnedoutinmanyinstancestohaveaverydestructiveandlife-threateningside.

Throughtheages,greatfloodsalternatedwithlongperiodsofdroughthaveassaultedpeopleandtheirenvironment,hamperingtheirfragilefightforsurvival.Thedramaticchangestotheenvironmentthatarenowafeatureofourdailynewsarenotexactlynew:fieldsthatwereoncelushandfertilearenowbarren;lakesandriversthatwereonceteemingwithlifearenowlonggone;savannahhasbeenturnedtodesert.Whatperhapsisnewisournativewonderwhenfacedwiththeforcesofnature.

Today,wearemoreawareofclimaticchangesaroundtheworld.Floodsinfar-flungplacesareinstantnewsforthewholeworld.Perhapstheseeventsmakeusfeelbetteraswefacethedestructionofourownpropertybyfloodsandothernaturaldisasters.

In2002,manypartsofEuropesufferedsevereflooddamagerunningintobillionsofeuros.Propertiesacrossthecontinentcollapsedintotheseaaswavespoundedthecoastlinewreakinghavocwithseadefenses.Butitwasnotjusttheseas.Riversswollenbyheavyrainsandbytheeffectsofdeforestationcarriedlargevolumesofwaterthatwreckedmanycommunities.

Buildingstrongerandmoresophisticatedriverdefensesagainstfloodingistheexpensiveshort-termanswer.Therearesimplerways.Plantingtreesinhighlandareas,notjustinEuropebutinplacesliketheGangesDelta,isacheaperandmoreattractivesolution.Progressisalreadybeingmadeinconvincingcountriesthattheemissionofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesiscausingconsiderabledamagetotheenvironment.Butmoreeffortisneededinthisdirection.

Andthefuture?Ifwearetobelievetheforecasts,itispredictedthattwothirdsoftheworldpopulationwillbewithoutfreshwaterby2025.Butforagrowingnumberofregionsoftheworldthefutureisalreadywithus.Whilesomeareasaredevastatedbyflooding,scarcityofwaterinmanyotherplacesiscausingconflict.ThestateofTexasintheUnitedStatesofAmericaissufferingashortageofwaterwiththeRioGrandefailingtoreachtheGulfofMexicoforthefirsttimein50yearsinthespringof2002,pittingregionagainstregionastheyvieforwatersources.Withmanypartsofthegloberunningdrythroughdroughtandincreasedwaterconsumption,thereisnowtalkofwaterbeingthenewoil.

Otherdoom-ladenestimatessuggestthat,whiletropicalareaswillbecomedrieranduninhabitable,coastalregionsandsomelow-lyingislandswillinallprobabilitybesubmergedbytheseaasthepolaricecapsmelt.Popularexoticdestinationsnowvisitedbycountlesstouristswillbecomeno-goareas.Today'sholidayhotspotsofsouthernEuropeandelsewherewillliterallybecomehotspots—toohottoliveinorvisit.Withthecurrenterraticbehavioroftheweather,itisdifficultnottosubscribetosuchdespair.

Somemightsaythatthisdespondencyisill-founded,butwehavehadampleproofthatthereissomethingnotquiterightwiththeclimate.Manypartsoftheworldhaveexperienceddevastatingflooding.Astheseasonsrevolve,thefocusofthedestructionmovesfromonecontinenttoanother.Theimpactontheenvironmentisalarmingandthecosttolifedepressing.Itisapicturetowhichwewillneedtobecomeaccustomed.

1.Thewriterbelievesthatwater（）

2.Humankind'srelationshipwithwaterhasbeen（）

3.Thewritersuggeststhat（）

4.Accordingtothepassage,plantingtrees（）

5.By2025,itisprojectedthat（）

6.Accordingtothepassage,inthefuturelow-lyingislands（）

7.Accordingtothewriter,（）

问题1选项

A.isgraduallybecomingofgreaterimportance

B.willhavelittleimpactonourlivesinfuture

C.issomethingwewillneedmorethananythingelse

D.willhaveevengreaterimportanceinourlivesinfuture

问题2选项

A.two-sided

B.one-side

C.purelyoneofgreatbenefit

D.fairlyfrightening

问题3选项

A.weareinaweofthenewswereadandseeonTVeveryday

B.changetotheenvironmentleavesusspeechless

C.weshouldnotbeinaweofthenewswereadandseeonTVeveryday

D.oursurpriseattheenvironmentalchangebroughtaboutbynatureissomethingnew

问题4选项

A.hastobecoordinatedinternationally

B.ismoreexpensivethanbuildingseaandriverdefenses

C.isalessexpensiveanswertofloodinginallregions

D.isnotananswertotheproblemoffloodinginallregions

问题5选项

A.atleasthalftheworldpopulationwillhavefreshwater

B.one-thirdoftheworldpopulationwillhavefreshwater

C.themajorityoftheworldpopulationwillhavefreshwater

D.freshwaterwillonlybeavailabletohalfoftheworldpopulation

问题6选项

A.willstillbehabitable

B.willnotbeunderwater

C.arelikelytobeunderwater

D.willprobablynotbeunderwater

问题7选项

A.peopledonotneedtogetusedtoenvironmentaldamage

B.peoplewillneedtogetusedtoclimatechangesthatcauseenvironmentaldamage

C.peoplearenowmoreusedtoenvironmentaldamagethantheyhavebeeninthepast

D.thegeneraldespondencyaboutenvironmentalchangesisill-founded

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:C

第7题:B

【解析】第1题:细节推断题。根据第一段的第一句“Onpresentpredictions,itisacementthatissettoassumeevengreatersignificance.”可知选项D符合原文。

第2题:细节推断题。根据第二段的第二句“Humankindhasalwayshadaratherambiguousrelationshipwithwater.”人类与水一直有一种相当模糊的关系，一方面...（积极的），另一方面...（消极的）。所以说是双面性的，选项A正确。

第3题:细节推断题。根据第三段的最后一句“Whatperhapsisnewisournativewonderwhenfacedwiththeforcesofnature.”也许当我们面对自然的力量时，我们对此感到惊奇，觉得这是一件新鲜事。选项D符合原文。

第4题:细节推断题。根据关键词“plantingtrees”定位到第六段第三句“Plantingtrees...isacheaperandmoreattractivesolution.”选项C符合原文。

第5题:细节事实题。根据关键词“2025”定位到第七段第二句“Ifwearetobelievetheforecasts,itispredictedthattwothirdsoftheworldpopulationwillbewithoutfreshwaterby2025.”到2025年世界人口的三分之二将没有淡水。选项B世界人口的三分之一拥有淡水，换了一种表达方法，但符合原文。

第6题:细节事实题。根据关键词“low-lyingislands”定位到原文第八段首句“...coastalregionsandsomelow-lyingislandswillinallprobabilitybesubmergedbythesea...”沿海地区和一些低洼岛屿极有可能被海水淹没。选项C符合原文。

第7题:细节推断题。根据最后一段的最后两句“Theimpactontheenvironmentisalarmingandthecosttolifedepressing.Itisapicturetowhichwewillneedtobecomeaccustomed.”环境影响令人担忧，生活需要付出的代价令人沮丧。这是我们需要习惯的画面。选项B符合原文。

5.单选题

In1784,fiveyearsbeforehebecamepresidentoftheUnitedStates,GeorgeWashington,52,wasnearlytoothless.Sohehiredadentisttotransplantnineteethintohisjaw,havingextractedthemfromthemouthsofhisslaves.

That’safardifferentimagefromthecherry-tree-choppingGeorgemostpeoplerememberfromtheirhistorybooks.Butrecently,manyhistorianshavebeguntofocusontherolesslaveryplayedinthelivesofthefoundinggeneration.TheyhavebeenspurredinpartbyDNAevidencemadeavailablein1998,whichalmostcertainlyprovedThomasJeffersonhadfatheredatleastonechildwithhisslaveSallyHemings.Andonlyoverthepast30yearshavescholarsexaminedhistoryfromthebottomup.Worksofseveralhistoriansrevealthemoralcompromisesmadebythenation’searlyleadersandthefragilenatureofthecountry’sinfancy.Moresignificantly,theyarguethatmanyoftheFoundingFathersknewslaverywaswrong—andyetmostdidlittletofightit.

Morethananything,thehistorianssay,thefounderswerehamperedbythecultureoftheirtime.WhileWashingtonandJeffersonprivatelyexpresseddistasteforslavery,theyalsounderstoodthatitwaspartofthepoliticalandeconomicbedrockofthecountrytheyhelpedtocreate.

Foronething,theSouthcouldnotaffordtopartwithitsslaves.Owningslaveswas“likehavingalargebankaccount,”saysWiencek,authorofAnImperfectGod:GeorgeWashington,HisSlaves,andtheCreationofAmerica.ThesouthernstateswouldnothavesignedtheConstitutionwithoutprotectionsforthe“peculiarinstitution,”includingaclausethatcountedaslaveasthreefifthsofamanforpurposesofcongressionalrepresentation.Andthestatesmen’spoliticallivesdependedonslavery.Thethree-fifthsformulahandedJeffersonhisnarrowvictoryinthepresidentialelectionof1800byinflatingthevotesofthesouthernstatesintheElectoralCollege.Onceinoffice,JeffersonextendedslaverywiththeLouisianaPurchasein1803;thenewlandwascarvedinto13states,includingthreeslavestates.

Still,JeffersonfreedHemings’schildren,thoughnotHemingsherselforhisapproximately150otherslaves.Washington,whohadbeguntobelievethatallmenwerecreatedequalafterobservingthebraveryoftheblacksoldiersduringtheRevolutionaryWar,overcamethestrongoppositionofhisrelativestogranthisslavestheirfreedominhiswill.Onlyadecadeearlier,suchanactwouldhaverequiredlegislativeapprovalinVirginia.

36.GeorgeWashington’sdentalsurgeryismentionedto（）

37.Wemayinferfromthesecondparagraphthat（）

38.WhatdowelearnaboutThomasJefferson?

39.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

40.Washington’sdecisiontofreeslavesoriginatedfromhis（）

问题1选项

A.showtheprimitivemedicalpracticeinthepast.

B.demonstratethecrueltyofslaveryinhisdays.

C.stresstheroleofslavesintheU.S.history.

D.revealsomeunknownaspectofhislife.

问题2选项

A.DNAtechnologyhasbeenwidelyappliedtohistoryresearch.

B.initsearlydaystheU.S.wasconfrontedwithdelicatesituations.

C.historiansdeliberatelymadeupsomestoriesofJefferson’slife.

D.politicalcompromisesareeasilyfoundthroughouttheU.S.history.

问题3选项

A.Hispoliticalviewchangedhisattitudetowardsslavery.

B.Hisstatusasafathermadehimfreethechildslaves.

C.Hisattitudetowardsslaverywascomplex.

D.Hisaffairwithaslavestainedhisprestige.

问题4选项

A.SomeFoundingFathersbenefitpoliticallyfromslavery.

B.Slavesintheolddaysdidnothavetherighttovote.

C.Slaveownersusuallyhadlargesavingsaccounts.

D.Slaverywasregardedasapeculiarinstitution.

问题5选项

A.moralconsiderations.

B.militaryexperience.

C.financialconditions.

D.politicalstand.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】36.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】作者意图题。分析出作者是如何从华盛顿的轶事过渡到下文主题的，是本题的解题关键。纵观全文，从“华盛顿使用奴隶的牙”，到“华盛顿看到樱桃树的典型形象”，再到“奴隶制在开国元勋的生活中扮演的角色”可知，华盛顿是行文的线索，作者从讲述他鲜为人知的故事入手，引出话题，因此D选项“揭示了他生活中未知的一面”正确。

37.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】判断推理题。根据第二段第五句Worksofseveralhistoriansrevealthemoralcompromisesmadebythenation’searlyleadersandthefragilenatureofthecountry’sinfancy（几位历史学家的著作揭示了美国早期领导人做出的道德妥协，以及这个国家初期的脆弱本质）可推断出，B选项“在建国初期，美国面临着微妙的局势”正确。

38.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第三段第二句WhileWashingtonandJeffersonprivatelyexpresseddistasteforslavery,theyalsounderstoodthatitwaspartofthepoliticalandeconomicbedrockofthecountrytheyhelpedtocreate（虽然华盛顿和杰斐逊私下里表达了对奴隶制的厌恶，但他们也明白，奴隶制是他们帮助创建的美国政治和经济基础的一部分）可知，虽然杰斐逊私下厌恶奴隶制，但也明白其政治生涯也得益于奴隶制，显然他对奴隶制的态度是复杂的，C选项正确。

39.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第四段第五句中的Thethree-fifthsformulahandedJeffersonhisnarrowvictoryinthepresidentialelectionof1800…（这个五分之三的公式让杰斐逊在1800年的总统选举中以微弱优势获胜）可以推断出，A选项“一些开国元勋在政治上受益于奴隶制”符合题意。

40.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据文章最后一段第二句Washington,whohadbeguntobelievethatallmenwerecreatedequalafterobservingthebraveryoftheblacksoldiersduringtheRevolutionaryWar,overcamethestrongoppositionofhisrelativestogranthisslavestheirfreedominhiswill（华盛顿在目睹了美国独立战争期间黑人士兵的英勇事迹后，开始相信人人生而平等。他克服了亲戚们的强烈反对，在遗嘱中赋予了他的奴隶自由）可知，B选项正确。

6.单选题

Itriedphoningheroffice,butIcouldn’t（）.

问题1选项

A.getalong

B.geton

C.getto

D.getthrough

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项getalong“进展，相处”；B选项geton“上车，进展”；C选项getto“到达，开始，接触到”；D选项getthrough“通过，接通电话，度过”。句意：我试图打电话到她办公室，但我没有打通。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。

7.单选题

Aremarkablevarietyofinsectsliveinthisplanet.Morespeciesofinsectsexistthanallotheranimalspeciestogether.Insectshavesurvivedonearthformorethan300millionyears,andmaypossesstheabilitytosurviveformillionsmore.

Insectscanbefoundalmosteverywhere—onthehighestmountainsandonthebottomofrushingstreams,inthecoldSouthPoleandinbubblinghotsprings.Theydigthroughtheground,jumpandsinginthetrees,andrunanddanceintheair.Theycomeinmanydifferentcolorsandvariousshapes.Insectsareextremelyusefultohumans,pollinatingourcropsaswellasflowersinmeadows,forests,desertsandotherareas.Butlicksandsomeinsects,suchasmosquitoesandfleas,cantransmitdisease.

Therearemanyreasonswhyinsectsaresosuccessfulatsurviving.Theiramazingabilitytoadaptpermitsthemtoliveinextremerangesoftemperaturesandenvironments.Theoneplacetheyhavenotyetbeenfoundtoanymajorextentisintheopenoceans.Insectscansurviveonawiderange,ofnaturalandartificialfoods—paint,pepper,glue,books,grain,cotton,otherinsects,plantsandanimals.Becausetheyaresmalltheycanhideintinyspaces.

Astrong,hardbutflexibleshellcoverstheirsoftorgansandisresistanttochemicals,waterandphysicalimpact.Theirwingsgivethemtheoptionofflyingawayfromdangeroussituationsortowardfoodormales.Also,insectshaveanenormousreproductivecapacity:AnAfricanantqueencanlayasmanyas43,000eggsaday.

Anotherreasonfortheirsuccessisthestrategyofprotectivecolor.Aninsectmayberightbeforeoureyes,butnearlyinvisiblebecauseitiscleverlydisguisedlikeagreenleaf,lumpofbrownsoil,graylichen,aseedorsomeothernaturalobject.Someinsectsusebright,boldcolorstosendwarningsignalsthattheytastebad,stingorarepoison.Othershavewingpatternsthatlookliketheeyesofahugepredator,bitter-tastinginsects;hungryenemiesarefooledintoavoidingthem.

26.InsectscanbefoundinlargeamountsinthefollowingplacesEXCEPT______.

27.Insectsprotectthemselvesfromchemicalsby______.

28.Someinsectsdisguiselikenaturalobjectssoasto______.

29.Thepassagementionsthatinsects______.

30.Thepassageismainlyabout______.

问题1选项

A.onthemountainswithlittleair

B.inthecoldpolarareas

C.inthehotdesertareas

D.intheopenoceans

问题2选项

A.hidingintinyspaces

B.havingastrongshell

C.flyingawaywhennecessary

D.changingcolorsorshapes

问题3选项

A.frightenawaytheirenemies

B.avoidbeingdiscovered

C.sendwarmingsignals

D.lookbitter-tasting

问题4选项

A.canbefoundinanyextremeenvironments

B.havesurvivedlongerthananyothercreatures

C.canbefedonanynaturalorman-madefoods

D.areimportantforthegrowthofcropsandflowers

问题5选项

A.howinsectssurviveindifferentplaces

B.whyinsectscansurvivesosuccessfully

C.whatinsectscandototheenvironment

D.whereinsectscanbefoundinquantity

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】26.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“除……外，在以下地方可以看到大量昆虫”。文章第二段及第三段都提及昆虫大量生长的地方，其中第三段第三句提到Theoneplacetheyhavenotyetbeenfoundtoanymajorextentisintheopenoceans.（迄今为止，有一个地方还没有在很大程度上发现它们，那就是在广阔的海洋中），所以D项“在广阔的海洋中”正确。A项“在空气稀薄的山上”、B项“在寒冷的极地地区”和C项“在炎热的沙漠地区”在第二段都提到了，属于反向干扰。因此，该题选择D项。

27.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“昆虫通过……保护自己免受化学物质的侵害”。定位第四段第一句Astrong,hardbutflexibleshellcoverstheirsoftorgansandisresistanttochemicals,waterandphysicalimpact.（一个坚固、坚硬但有弹性的外壳覆盖着它们的软器官，可以抵抗化学物质、水和物理冲击），protect…from…是对resistantto的同义替换，所以B项“拥有一个坚固的外壳”正确。A项“躲在狭小的空间里”是昆虫可以在各种各样的天然和人工食物中生存的原因，该项张冠李戴。C项“在必要时飞走”和D项“改变颜色和形状”也不是昆虫免受化学物质伤害的原因，属于出处错位。因此，该题选择B项。

28.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“有些昆虫伪装成自然物体以便……”。定位最后一段第二句Aninsectmayberightbeforeoureyes,butnearlyinvisiblebecauseitiscleverlydisguisedlikeagreenleaf,lumpofbrownsoil,graylichen,aseedorsomeothernaturalobject.（昆虫可能就在我们眼前，但几乎看不见，因为它被巧妙地伪装成一片绿叶、一块棕色的土壤、灰色的地衣、一粒种子或其他自然物体），其中nearlyinvisible表明昆虫伪装是为了不被发现，所以B项“避免被发现”正确。A项“吓走他们的敌人”、C项“发出警告信号”和D项“看起来是有苦味”都是昆虫伪装的目的，但是都与伪装成自然物体无关，属于出处错位。因此，该题选择B项。

29.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“这篇文章提到了昆虫……”。定位第二段倒数第二句Insectsareextremelyusefultohumans,pollinatingourcropsaswellasflowersinmeadows,forests,desertsandotherareas.（昆虫对人类非常有用，在草地、森林、沙漠和其他地区，昆虫为我们的作物和花朵授粉），由useful及分词结构pollinating可推断昆虫对植物的生长有益处，D项“对农作物和花卉的生长很重要”正确。定位到第三段第二句和第三句Theiramazingabilitytoadaptpermitsthemtoliveinextremerangesoftemperaturesandenvironments.Theoneplacetheyhavenotyetbeenfoundtoanymajorextentisintheopenoceans.（它们惊人的适应能力使它们能够在极端的温度和环境中生活。迄今为止，有一个地方还没有在很大程度上发现它们，那就是在广阔的海洋中。）可知，昆虫虽然能在极端的温度和环境中生存，但不是在任何环境中。A项“在任何极端环境中都能找到”曲解原文。定位文章第一段最后一句Insectshavesurvivedonearthformorethan300millionyears,andmaypossesstheabilitytosurviveformillionsmore.（昆虫已经在地球上生存了3亿年多，并且可能有能力再存活数百万年）可知，文章虽在开头指出昆虫存活的年代久远，但全文未提到它是存活时间最长的生物，所以B项“比其他任何生物存活的时间都长”无中生有。定位第三段倒数第二句Insectscansurviveonawiderange,ofnaturalandartificialfoods—paint,pepper,glue,books,grain,cotton,otherinsects,plantsandanimals.（昆虫可以在各种各样的天然和人工食物中生存：油漆、胡椒、胶水、书籍、谷物、棉花以及其他昆虫、植物和动物），虽然提到昆虫可以在各种各样的天然和人工食物中生存，但只是awiderangeof，这与C项“可以吃任何天然的或人造的食物”中的any不符，属于曲解原文。因此，该题选择D项。

30.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章主要是关于……”。本文前两段首先描述了昆虫生存了很长的时间，并能在各种地方生长，然后第三段引出文章要讨论的重点，即昆虫为什么能成功存活，定位第三段第一句Therearemanyreasonswhyinsectsaresosuccessfulatsurviving.（昆虫如此成功的生存有很多原因），该句为本文的中心句，所以B项“为什么昆虫可以如此成功地生存”正确。A项“昆虫如何在不同的地方生存”和D项“能大量发现昆虫的地方”以偏概全。C项“昆虫对环境的影响”没有提到，属于无中生有。因此，该题选择B项。

8.单选题

Havinga(n)（）attitudetowardspeoplewithdifferentideasisanindicationthatonehasbeenwelleducated.

问题1选项

A.analytical

B.bearable

C.elastic

D.tolerant

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。analytical“分析的，解析的”；bearable“可忍受的”；elastic“有弹性的”；tolerant“宽容的，容忍的”。句意：一个人如果对持不同观点的人持宽容的态度，说明他受过良好的教育。选项D符合题意。

9.单选题

EveryU.S.Presidentmusttakeanoathtoupholdtheconstitution.

问题1选项

A.ritual

B.pledge

C.option

D.position

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项ritual“仪式，惯例”，B项pledge“保证，誓言”，C项option“选项，选择权”，D项position“位置，姿态，处境”。句意：每一位美国总统都必须宣誓维护宪法。oath在句中表示“誓言”。因此，该题选择B项。

10.单选题

AstheEnglishlanguagehaschangedatafastspeedinthiscentury,sohastheuseoftheEnglishlanguage.

AftertheBritishBroadcastingCorporation(BBC)wasfoundedin1927,theparticularstyleofspeechoftheBBCannouncerswasrecognizedasStandardEnglishorReceivedPronunciation(RP)English.Now,mostpeoplestillconsiderthatthepronunciationanddeliveryofBBCannouncersistheclearestandmostunderstandablespokenEnglish.

Englishhashadastrongassociationwithclassandsocialstatus.However,sincetheSecondWorldWartherehasbeenaconsiderablechangeofattitudetowardsspeechsnobbery,andhallmarksofclassdistinctionsuchasstylesofspeechhavebeengraduallydiscarded,especiallybytheyoungergeneration.

Astheneedhasarisen,newwordshavebeeninventedorfoundfromotherlanguagesandincorporatedintoEnglish.Similarly,oldwordsandexpressionshavebeendiscardedastheirusefulnesshasdiminishedorthefashionshavepassed.Thisalsohappenstostylesandmodesofspeechwhichbecamefashionableataparticulartimeandinspecificcircumstances.

Bytheendofthe1960sitbecameapparentthatitwasnotnecessarytospeakStandardEnglishorevencorrectgrammartobecomepopular,successfulandrich.Thefashionablespeechofthedaywasnolongertheprerogativeofaprivilegedclassbutratheradefiantexpressionofclasslessness.

ThegreatestsingleinfluenceoftheshapingoftheEnglishlanguageinmoderntimesistheAmericanEnglish.Overthelast25yearstheEnglishusedbymanypeople,particularlybythoseinthemedia,advertisingandshowbusiness,hasbecomemoreandmoremid-Atlanticinstyle,deliveryandaccent.

Inthe1970s,fashionfavoredstresslesspronunciationandalanguagefullofjargon,slangand“in”words,muchofitquiteincomprehensibletotheoutsideworld.WhatisconsideredmodernandfashionableinBritaintodayisoftennotthekindofEnglishtaughtinschoolsandcolleges.

1.WhichoneofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

2.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“therehasbeenaconsiderablechangeofattitudetowardsspeechsnobbery”(Para.3)?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,therewasatrendintheU.S.fortheyoungpeople______.

4.Theword“mid-Atlantic”inthepassage(Para.6)probablymeans______.

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.

问题1选项

A.TheuseoftheEnglishlanguagehasnotchangedmuchinthiscentury.

B.TheBBCannouncersspeakStandardEnglish.

C.Englishhasnoassociationwithclassandsocialstatusnow.

D.YoungpeopleallspeakEnglishinthesameway.

问题2选项

A.PeopleallspeakEnglishlikeBBCannouncers.

B.ThereisagreatchangeofattitudeabouthowEnglishshouldbespoken.

C.Somepeoplestillthinktheirwayofspeakingisinferior.

D.Mostpeopledon’tbelievetheirwayofspeakingisinferior.

问题3选项

A.tospeakStandardEnglish

B.tospeakEnglishwithoutclassdistinction

C.tospeakEnglishwithclassdistinction

D.tospeakEnglishwithgrammarmistakes

问题4选项

A.AmericanandEuropean

B.AmericanandBritish

C.theAtlanticOcean

D.inthemiddleoftheAtlanticOcean

问题5选项

A.StandardEnglishistaughtinschoolandcolleges

B.theyoungpeoplearedefiantbecausetheyrefusetospeakStandardEnglish

C.EnglishlanguageisinfluencedbyAmericanEnglishinthelast25years

D.therehasbeenagreatchangeintheEnglishlanguageinthiscentury

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段AstheEnglishlanguagehaschangedatafastspeedinthiscentury,sohastheuseoftheEnglishlanguage.（在这个世纪里，随着英语语言的快速变化，英语语言的使用也在快速变化。），说明随着英语语言有了很大的改变，英语语言的使用也同样如此。因此A选项“本世纪以来，英语的使用没有什么变化”与原文不符，本题选A。B选项“BBC的播音员说的是标准英语”，C选项“现在英语与阶级和社会地位没有关联”，D选项“年轻人都以同样的方式说英语”在文中均有所提及，所以排除B,C,D。

2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第二句However,sincetheSecondWorldWartherehasbeenaconsiderablechangeofattitudetowardsspeechsnobbery（然而，自第二次世界大战以来，人们对言语势利的态度发生了相当大的变化），“言语势利”是指通过言语判断社会阶层，说明大部分人不认为标准英语有什么了不起了。因此D选项“大多数人不认为他们的说话方式是低劣的”正确。A选项“人们都像BBC播音员一样说英语”在文中没有提及，所以A错误。B选项“对如何说英语的态度有了很大的改变”，原文只说对于言语势利的态度发生了变化，所以B错误。C选项“有些人仍然认为他们的说话方式是低劣的”与原文意思相反，所以C错误。

3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第二句andhallmarksofclassdistinctionsuchasstylesofspeechhavebeengraduallydiscarded,especiallybytheyoungergeneration.（诸如言论风格等阶级区分的标志逐渐被摒弃，尤其是在年轻一代中。），说明年轻人使用英语没有了阶级划分。因此B选项“说英语不分等级”正确。A选项“说标准英语”，C选项“说有阶级差别的英语”，D选项“说有语法错误的英语”均不符合题意，所以A,C,D错误。

4.推理判断题。由题干关键词“mid-Atlantic”可以定位到文章第六段第二句Overthelast25yearstheEnglishusedbymanypeople,particularlybythoseinthemedia,advertisingandshowbusiness,hasbecomemoreandmoremid-Atlanticinstyle,deliveryandaccent.（在过去的25年里，许多人使用的英语，尤其是媒体、广告和演艺界使用的英语，在风格、表达方式和口音上越来越像大西洋中部的英语。），说明美式英语对英语影响很大，前文第二段又说到BBC英式英语一直是标准英语，那么现在的英语就必定是受美式英语很大影响的英式英语，而地理上大西洋正好位于英、美之间。因此B选项“美国和英国”正确。A选项“美国和欧洲”，C选项“大西洋”，D选项“在大西洋的中间”均不符合题意，所以A,C,D错误。

5.推理判断题。A选项“学校里教的是标准英语”，由原文可知，标准英语就是BBC英语，学校不可能都在教BBC英语，所以A错误。B选项“年轻人拒讲标准英语因为他们是叛逆的”，由原文可知，年轻人主要是不想在讲话时显出阶级差别，事实上二战后很多人都这样，不仅是年轻人，不能根据这一点说明年轻人是叛逆的，所以B错误。C选项“在过去的25年里，英语受到美国英语的影响”，由原文可知，语言的影响是一个长期的过程，不能说在特定一段时间影响，所以C错误。D选项“本世纪以来，英语有了很大的变化”，根据文章第一段AstheEnglishlanguagehaschangedatafastspeedinthiscentury,sohastheuseoftheEnglishlanguage.（在这个世纪里，随着英语语言的快速变化，英语语言的使用也在快速变化。）可知，本世纪以来英语有了很大的变化，所以D选项正确。

11.不定项选择题

ApaperpublishedinNatureinJulyfoundthatEstonia(爱沙尼亚)hadoneofthehighestratesofforestlossinEurope.TherehadbeenarapidincreaseinforestharvestingacrossmanyEuropeancountries,theauthorsofthestudyfound,whichseemedbroadlylinkedtoagrowingdemandforwoodproducts.

Worldwide,astheareacoveredbyforestshasdecreasedbymorethan440millionacressince1990,treeplantationshaveincreasedbymorethan300millionacres.Forestsareincreasinglybeingconvertedintoindustrialtreefields—andtinyEstoniahasbecomeapointedcasestudyinthisglobaltransformation.ThelossofforestscutsdeepintoEstonianhistoryandtradition.

TheEstonianCulturalAssociationlists80sacredsitesthathavebeenclearedbyindustrial