考研考博-英语-大庆医学高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大庆医学高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

（）occasionaldifferencesofopinion,RonandPaulgetalongverywell.

问题1选项

A.Exceptfor

B.Outof

C.Inspiteof

D.Inadditionto

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项Exceptfor“除了...以外”；B选项Outof“由于”；C选项Inspiteof“尽管，不顾”；D选项Inadditionto“除...之外，还有...”。句意：尽管偶尔意见有分歧，但罗恩和保罗相处得很好。选项C符合句意。

2.单选题

Eversincehumanshaveinhabitedtheearth,theyhavemadeuseofvariousformsofcommunication.Generally,theexpressionofthoughtsandfeelingshasbeenintheformoforalspeech.Whenthereisalanguagebarrier,communicationisaccomplishedthroughsignlanguageinwhichmotionsstandforletters,wordsandideas.Tourists,thedeaf,andthemutehavehadtoresorttothisformofexpression.Manyofthesesymbolsofwholewordsareverypicturesqueandexactandcanbeusedinternationally;spelling,however,cannot.

Bodylanguagetransmitsideasorthoughtsbycertainactions,eitherintentionallyorunintentionally.Awinkcanbeawayofflirtingorindicatingthatthepartyisonlyjoking.Anodsignifiesapproval,whileshakingtheheadindicatesanegativereaction.

OtherformsofnonlinguisticlanguagecanbefoundinBraille(asystemofraiseddotsreadwiththefingertips),signalflags,Morsecode,andsmokesignals.Roadmapsandpicturesignsalsoguide,warn,andinstructpeople.

Whileverbalizationisthemostcommonformoflanguage,othersystemsandtechniquesalsoexpresshumanthoughtsandfeeling.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthispassage?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

3.Whichformotherthanoralspeechwouldbemostcommonlyusedamongblindpeople?

4.Howmanydifferentformsofcommunicationarementionedhere?

5.Signlanguageissaidtobeverypicturesqueandexactandcanbeusedinternationallyexceptfor（）

问题1选项

A.Whenlanguageisabarrier,peoplewillfindotherformsofcommunication.

B.Everybodyusesonlyoneformofcommunication.

C.Nonlinguisticlanguageisinvaluabletoforeigners.

D.Althoughotherformsofcommunicationexist,verbalizationisthefastest.

问题2选项

A.Therearemanyformsofcommunicationinexistencetoday.

B.Verbalizationisthemostcommonformofcommunication.

C.Thedeafandmuteuseanoralformofcommunication.

D.Ideasandthoughtscanbetransmittedbybodylanguage.

问题3选项

A.picturesigns

B.Braille

C.bodylanguage

D.signalflags

问题4选项

A.5

B.7

C.9

D.11

问题5选项

A.spelling

B.ideas

C.wholewords

D.expressions

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知,本文主要是讲肢体语言。一般来说,思想和感情的表达都是以口头语言的形式进行的。但当有语言障碍时,交流可以通过其他形式完成,比如肢体语言。所以选项A符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第一段的三四句可知,游客,盲人和聋哑人使用的是signlanguage,而不是oralformofcommunication。所以选项C表述错误。

3.细节事实题。根据原文可知Braille是一种用指尖阅读的凸点系统,即盲文,适合盲人使用。所以选项B正确。

4.细节事实题。文章中提到了oralspeech、signlanguage,bodylanguage、Braille、signalflags,Morsecode、smokesignals、roadmaps、picturesigns这9种交际方式,所以选项C正确。

5.细节事实题。根据第一段的最后一句“Manyofthesesymbolsofwholewordsareverypicturesqueandexactandcanbeusedinternationally;spelling,however,cannot.”这些完整的文字符号中有许多是非常生动和准确的,可以在国际上使用；然而拼写不能。所以本题选A。

3.单选题

ACyborgManifestoisanessaywrittenbyDonnaHaraway,inwhichtheconceptofthecyborgisarejectionofrigidboundaries,notablythoseseparating“human”from“animal”and“human”from“machine”.Shewrites:“Thecyborgdoesnotdreamofcommunityonthemodeloftheorganicfamily,thistimewithouttheoedipalproject.ThecyborgwouldnotrecognizetheGardenofEden;itisnotmadeofmudandcannotdreamofreturningtodust.”TheManifestocriticizestraditionalnotionsoffeminism,particularlyfeministfocusesonidentitypolitics,andencouraginginsteadcoalitionthroughaffinity.Sheusesthemetaphorofacyborgtourgefeministstomovebeyondthelimitationsoftraditionalgender,feminism,andpolitics.MarisaOlsonsummarizedHaraway'sthoughtsasabeliefthatthereisnodistinctionbetweennaturallifeandartificialman-mademachines.HarawaybeginstheManifestobyexplainingthreeboundarybreakdownssincethe20thCenturythathaveallowedforherhybrid,cyborgmyth:thebreakdownofboundariesbetweenhumanandanimal,animal-humanandmachine,andphysicalandnon-physical.Evolutionhasblurredthelinesbetweenhumanandanimal;20thCenturymachineshavemadeambiguousthelinesbetweennaturalandartificial;andmicroelectronicsandthepoliticalinvisibilityofcyborgshaveconfusedthelinesofphysicality.HarawayhighlightstheproblematicuseandjustificationofWesterntraditionslikepatriarchy,colonialism,essentialism,andnaturalism(amongothers).ThesetraditionsinturnallowfortheproblematicformationsoftaxonomiesandwhatHarawayexplainsasantagonisticdualismsthatorderWesterndiscourse.Thesedualisms,Harawaystates,haveallbeensystematictothelogicsandpracticesofdominationofwomen,

peopleofcolor,nature,workers,animals...allthoseconstitutedasothers.However,high-techcultureprovidesachallengetotheseantagonisticdualisms.Haraway'scyborgtheoryrejectsthenotionsofessentialism,proposinginsteadachimeric,monstrousworldoffusionsbetweenanimalandmachine.Cyborgtheoryreliesonwritingas“thetechnologyofcyborgs”,as“cyborgpoliticsisthestruggleforlanguageandthestruggleagainstperfectcommunication,againsttheonecodethattranslatesallmeaningperfectly,thecentraldogmaofphallogocentrism”.Instead,Haraway'scyborgcallsforanon-essentialized,material-semioticmetaphorcapableofunitingdiffusepolitical

coalitionsalongthelinesofaffinityratherthanidentity.FollowingLacanianfeministssuchasLuceIrigaray,Haraway'sworkaddressesthechasmbetweenfeministdiscoursesandthedominantlanguageofWesternpatriarchy.AsHarawayexplains,“grammarispoliticsbyothermeans,”andeffectivepoliticsrequirespeakinginthelanguageofdomination.AsshedetailsinachartoftheparadigmaticshiftsfrommoderntopostmodernepistemologywithintheManifesto,theunifiedhumansubjectofidentityhasshiftedtothehybridizedposthumanoftechnoscience,from“representation”to“simulation,”“bourgeoisnovel”to“sciencefiction,”“reproduction”to“replication,”and“whitecapitalistpatriarchy”to“informaticsofdomination.”WhileHaraway's“ironicdreamofacommonlanguage”isinspiredbyIrigaray'sargumentforadiscourseotherthanpatriarchy,sherejectsIrigaray'sessentializingconstructionofwoman-as-not-maletoargueforalinguisticcommunityofsituated,partialknowledgesinwhichnooneisinnocent.AlthoughHaraway'smetaphorofthecyborghasbeenlabelledasapost-genderstatement,Harawayhasclarifiedherstanceonpost-genderisminrecentinterviews.SheacknowledgesthatherargumentintheManifestoseekstochallengethenecessityforcategorizationofgender,butdoesnotcorrelate

thisargumenttopost-genderism.Sheclarifiesthisdistinctionbecausepost-genderismisoftenassociatedwiththediscourseoftheutopianconceptofbeingbeyondmasculinityandfemininity.

Harawaynotesthatgenderconstructsarestillprevalentandmeaningful,butaretroublesomeandshouldthereforebeeliminatedascategoriesforidentity.

1.Accordingtothetext,acyberneticorganismorcyborgmustbeunderstoodas（

）.

2.Harawayposesthatgenderconstructsshouldbeeliminatedascategoriesforidentitybecause

（

）.

3.AccordingtoHarawaymanicheismsareincompetitionwithoneanother,creatingparadoxicalrelationsofdomination,particularly

（

）.

4.Thecyborgisa

（

）.

5.Asonographicfetuswouldinmanywaysbetheultimatecyborgbecause（

）.

问题1选项

A.agender-neutralconstruct

B.arobot

C.aposthumanspeculativebeing

D.neitherorganicnorinorganic

问题2选项

A.theparadigmaticshiftsfrommoderntopostmodernepistemology

B.post-genderismisoftenassociatedwiththediscourseoftheutopianconcept

C.theyposeanantagonisticdualism

D.theyposeanon-essential,material-semioticmetaphor

问题3选项

A.God/man

B.right/wrong

C.self/other

D.one/other

问题4选项

A.metaphor

B.mechanicalproduct

C.animisticconcept

D.organichybrid

问题5选项

A.itis“created”inaspaceofvirtuality

B.itisneithermalenorfemale

C.itissimultaneouslyhumanandanimal

D.itispoliticallyinvisible

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:1.推理判断题。由文中“ACyborgManifestoisanessaywrittenbyDonnaHaraway，inwhichtheconceptofthecyborgisarejectionofrigidboundaries...《电子人宣言》是唐娜•哈拉维所写的一本散文书籍，在该书中电子人的概念是拒绝僵硬的界线······”与“TheManifestocriticizestraditionalnotionsoffeminism,particularlyfeministfocusesonidentitypolitics,andencouraginginsteadcoalitionthroughaffinity《电子人宣言》一书批评传统的女权主义概念（尤其是女权主义专注于身份认同政治），取而代之的是通过亲和力支持结合。”和题干中“······mustbeunderstoodas可以被理解成”可推知A项“一个不分性别的概念”正确。

第2题:2.推理判断题。由文中“Harawaynotesthatgenderconstructsarestillprevalentandmeaningful,butaretroublesomeandshouldthereforebeeliminatedascategoriesforidentity.哈拉维指出，性别概念仍然普遍且有意义，但却是令人烦恼的，因此应该被当成身份类别而被根除。”可知C项“它们引起对立的二元论”正确。

第3题:3.细节事实题。由题干中“manicheisms善恶对立说”与文中“Thesedualisms,Harawaystates,haveallbeensystematictothelogicsandpracticesofdominationofwomen,peopleofcolor,nature,workers,animals…allthoseconstitutedasothers.哈拉维称，对女性、有色人种、自然、工人、动物······等所有那些构成其他人的控制逻辑和实施而言，这些二元论是系统化的。”可知D项“一类人/其他人”正确。

第4题:4.细节事实题。由文中“ACyborgManifestoisanessaywrittenbyDonnaHaraway,inwhichtheconceptofthecyborgisarejectionofrigidboundaries,notablythoseseparating‘human’from‘animal’and‘human’from‘machine’《电子人宣言》是唐娜•哈拉维所写的一本散文书籍，在该书中电子人的概念是拒绝僵硬的界线（尤其是那些将人类和动物、人类和机械区分开的界线）”与“ThecyborgwouldnotrecognizetheGardenofEden;itisnotmadeofmudandcannotdreamofreturningtodust.电子人将不会认可‘伊甸园’，它不是泥土做成的，从而不能向往回归尘上。”可知A项“比喻说法”正确。

第5题:5.细节事实题。由文中“ACyborgManifestoisanessaywrittenbyDonnaHaraway,inwhichtheconceptofthecyborgisarejectionofrigidboundaries,notablythoseseparating‘human’from‘animals’and‘human’from‘machine’.《电子人宣言》是唐娜•哈拉维所写的一本散文书籍，在该书中电子人的概念是拒绝僵硬的界线（尤其是那些将人类和动物、人类和机械区分开的界线）。”与题目中“sonographicfetus声像图的胎儿”可知A项“它是在一个虚拟的空间中‘被创造的’”正确。

4.单选题

Glaeser________hisinterestinurbanareasdirectlytohisyouthinNewYorkCity,whereheliveduntilhewenttocollegeatage17.

问题1选项

A.attributed

B.conducted

C.devoted

D.contributed

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.attributed归因于，归功于B.conducted实施，执行

C.devoted献身，致力D.contributed贡献，捐赠

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】空格处和下文的“hisinterestinurbanareas（他对城市地区的兴趣）”构成动宾逻辑，表示格莱泽怎么样这份兴趣，空格处还需要能够和下文的to进行搭配。由后半句句意“他在那里一直生活到（liveduntil）17岁上大学”可知，因为他的青年时代一直都生活在纽约这样的大城市，所以他会对城市地区感兴趣，换言之，他对城市地区有兴趣的原因是在纽约生活的经历。attributesth.tosth.是固定搭配，意为“把……归因于……”，指认为某事物是另一事物的结果，因此A选项attributed“归因于，归功于”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B选项conducted“实施，执行”指组织或进行特定的活动，不能和“interest（兴趣）”进行搭配；

C选项devoted“献身，致力”，devoteoneselftosb./sth.指把大部分时间、精力等投入到某人或某物中，不符合题干的语义逻辑；

D选项contributed“贡献，捐赠”，contributesth.tosth.指赠予钱或物品以帮助某人，不符合题干的语义逻辑。

【句意】格莱泽将他对城市地区的兴趣直接归功于他在纽约的青年时代，他在那里一直生活到17岁上大学。

5.单选题

Withtimethememoryfadedinto（

）.

问题1选项

A.nourishment

B.realization

C.longevity

D.oblivion

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。nourishment意为“营养，营养品”；realization意为“认识，领会，领悟”；longevity意为“长寿”；oblivion意为“遗忘，昏迷”。

句意：随着时间的流逝，记忆渐渐淡忘了。

6.单选题

Thereismuchdiscussiontodayabouttheneedforthegovernmentto______thetheater.

问题1选项

A.substitute

B.subsidize

C.subscribe

D.subordinate

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.substitute代替；取代B.subsidize资助；补助

C.subscribe申请；预订D.subordinate使从属于

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词government和theater，结合四个选项可知，政府对于剧院应该是资助，故该题选择B项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】今天有很多关于政府资助剧院的必要性的讨论。

7.单选题

Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences,aftertheirfirstrapiddevelopmentattheculminationofGreekcivilization,advancedsoslowlyfortwothousandyears-andwhyinthefollowingtwohundredyearsaknowledgeofnaturalandmathematicalsciencehasaccumulated,whichsovastlyexceedsallthatwaspreviouslyknownthatthesesciencesmaybejustlyregardedastheproductsofourowntimesarequestionswhichhaveinterestedthemodernmphilosophernotlessthantheobjectswithwhichthesesciencesaremoreimmediatelyconversant.Wasittheemploymentofanewmethodofresearch,orintheexerciseofgreatervirtueintheuseoftheoldmethods,thatthissingularmodernmphenomenonhaditsorigin?Wasthelongperiodoneofarresteddevelopment,andisthemodernmeraoneofnormalgrowth?Orshouldweascribethecharacteristicsofbothperiodstoso-calledhistoricalaccidents-totheinfluenceofconjunctionsincircumstancesofwhichnoexplanationispossible,saveintheomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingProvidence?

Theexplanationwhichhasbecomecommonplace,thattheancientsemployeddeductionchieflyintheirscientificinquiries,whilethemodernmsemployinduction,provestobetoonarrow,andfailsuponcloseexaminationtopointwithsufficientdistinctnessthecontrastthatisevidentbetweenancientandmodernmscientificdoctrinesandinquiries.Forallknowledgeisfoundedonobservation,andproceedsfromthisbyanalysis,bysynthesisandanalysis,byinductionanddeduction,andifpossiblebyverification,orbynewappealstoobservationundertheguidanceofdeduction-bystepswhichareindeedcorrelativepartsofonemethod;andtheancientsciencesaffordexamplesofeveryoneofthesemethods,orpartsofonemethod,whichhavebeengeneralizedfromtheexamplesofscience.

Afailuretoemployortoemployadequatelyanyoneofthesepartialmethods,animperfectionintheartsandresourcesofobservationandexperiment,carelessnessinobservation,neglectofrelevantfacts,byappealtoexperimentandobservation-thesearethefaultswhichcauseallfailurestoascertaintruth,whetheramongtheancientsorthemodernms;butthisstatementdoesnotexplainwhythemodernmispossessedofagreatervirtue,andbywhatmeansheattainedhissuperiority.Muchlessdoesitexplainthesuddengrowthofscienceinrecenttimes.

Theattempttodiscovertheexplanationofthisphenomenonintheantithesisof“”facts"”and“"theories"”or“’’facts”and“”ideas”n-intheneglectamongtheancientsoftheformer,andtheirtooexclusiveattentiontothelatter-provesalsotobetoonarrow,aswellasopentothechargeofvagueness.Forinthefirstplace,theantithesisisnotcomplete.Factsandtheoriesarenotcoordinatespecies.Theories,iftrue,arefacts-aparticularclassoffactsindeed,generallycomplex,andifalogicalconnectionsubsistsbetweentheirconstituents,haveallthepositiveattributesoftheories.

Nevertheless,thisdistinction,howeverinadequateitmaybetoexplainthesourceoftruemethodinscience,iswellfounded,andconnotesanimportantcharacterintruemethod.Afactisapropositionofsimple.Atheory,ontheotherhand,iftruehasallthecharacteristicsofafact,exceptthatitsverificationispossibleonlybyindirect,remote,anddifficultmeans.Toconverttheoriesintofactsistoaddsimpleverification,andthetheorythusacquiresthefullcharacteristicsofafact.

1.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（

）.

2.Thedifferencebetween“fact”and“theory"’.

3.Thestatement“Theoriesarefacts’’maybecalled（

）

4.Accordingtotheauthor,mathematicsis（

）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,onepossiblereasonforthegrowthofscienceduringthedaysoftheancientGreeksandinmoderntimesis（

）.

问题1选项

A.Philosophyofmathematics

B.TheRecentGrowthinScience

C.TheVerificationofFacts

D.MethodsofScientificInquiry

问题2选项

A.isthatthelatterneedsconfirmation

B.restsonthesimplicityoftheformer

C.isthedifferencebetweenthemodernscientistsandtheancientGreeks

D.helpsustounderstandthedeductivemethod

问题3选项

A.ametaphor

B.aparadox

C.anappraisaloftheinductiveanddeductivemethods

D.apun

问题4选项

A.aninductivescience

B.inneedofsimpleverification

C.adeductivescience

D.basedonfactandtheory

问题5选项

A.thesimilaritybetweenthetwoperiods

B.thatitwasanactofGod

C.thatbothtriedtodeveloptheinductivemethod

D.duetothedeclineofthedeductivemethod

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章通篇都是在讨论科学研究或探索的方法。

2.细节题。第四段指出:Theattempttodiscovertheexplanationofthishenomenonintheantithesisof"facts"and"theories"or"facts"and"ideas"-intheneglectamongtheancientsoftheformer,andtheirtooexclusiveattentiontothelatter-provesalsotobetoonarrow,aswellasopentothechargeofvagueness.Forinthefirstplace,theantithesisisnotcomplete.Factsandtheoriesarenotcoordinatespecies.试图在事实的对立面和理论，或事实和思想中发现上述现象的解释看起来有些太狭隘，也会因模糊不清遭批评。因为，对立面不全面，事实和理论不是同类的事物。第五段指出：Afactisapropositionofsimple.Atheory,ontheotherhand,iftruehasallthecharacteristicsofafact,exceptthatitsverificationispossibleonlybyindirect,remote,anddifficultmeans.Toconverttheoriesintofactsistoaddsimpleverification,andthetheorythusacquiresthefullcharacteristicsofafact.事实是一个提议，通过运用知识的源泉和经验而证实的提议直接而又简单。而理论，若是真理论，就有事实的一切特性（除非其证实只能通过非直接的，遥远的和困难的方式方法），把理论转成事实必须用简单的核实，理论因此具有事实的一切特性。由此得出，选择A:后者(理论)需要证实。

3.推断题。文章指出:事实和理论不是同类的事物。因此“理论即事实”的论断就是悖论。故B项正确。

4.推断题。选项C推理演绎科学正确。

5.细节题。第一段指出：Orshouldweascribethecharacteristicsofbothperiodstoso-calledhistoricalaccidents-totheinfluenceofconjunctionsincircumstancesofwhichnoexplanationispossible,saveintheomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingProvidence?或者，我们是否应该把这两个时期的特征都归因于所谓的历史意外事件一一归因于客观环境中相似性结合的影响。这一点除非以指导一切的上帝的智慧和无限权利来解释，否则难以解说清楚。因此B项:是上天的安排为正确选项。

8.翻译题

Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theymaystarttonoticethattheirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.Wesuddenlycan'trememberwhereweputthekeysjustamomentago,oranoldacquaintance’sname,orthenameofanoldbandweusedtolove.Asthebrainfades,werefertotheseoccurrencesas“seniormoments”.Whileseeminglyinnocent,thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhaveadamagingimpactonourprofessional,socialandpersonallife.

Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshowingthatthere’sactuallyalotthatcanbedone.Itturnsoutthatthebrainneedsexerciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmentalworkoutscansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitivefunctions.Thinkingisessentiallyaprocessofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.Tosomeextent,ourabilitytoexcelinmakingtheconnectionsthatdriveintelligenceisinherited.

【答案】随着许多人步入中年，他们可能会开始注意到，他们的记忆力和思维清晰度已经不如从前了。我们突然记不起刚才把钥匙放在哪里了，或者记不起一个老相识的名字，或者记不起一个我们曾经喜欢过的老乐队的名字。当大脑衰退时，我们将这些现象称为“老年时刻”，虽然看起来很无辜，但这种精神注意力的丧失可能会对我们的职业、社交和个人生活造成潜在的破坏性影响。

神经科学家，研究神经系统的专家，越来越多地表明实际上有很多事情可以做。事实证明，大脑和我们的肌肉一样需要锻炼，正确的脑力锻炼可以显著提高我们的基本认知功能。思考本质上是在大脑中建立联系的过程。在某种程度上，我们在建立驱动智力的联系方面的卓越能力是遗传的。

9.单选题

The（

）ofaculturalphenomenonisusuallyalogicalconsequenceofsomephysicalaspectinthelifestyleofthepeople.

问题1选项

A.manifestation

B.implementation

C.expedition

D.demonstration

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。manifestation表现，显示；implementation实现，履行；expedition远征；demonstration示范，证明。句意：文化现象的

通常是人们生活习惯中某些物质方面的逻辑结果。选项A更符合语境，所以正确。

10.单选题

Completesilenceisfoundonlyinlaboratoriescalledanechoicrooms.Thewallsandceilings,madeofblocksofspecialsound-suckingmaterials,aremorethanthreefeetthick,whilefloorcoveringsaresix-footlayersoffeathersorcottonwool.Silenceherecanbeaspainfultotheearsasthedin(continuousloudnoise)ofasteelworksorarocketblast-off,yetscientistsgetusedtothisandstayinthesesilentroomsforhoursatatime,usingmicrophonesandelectronicequipmenttotestthevariousmaterialsbeingdevelopedtomaketheworldalessnoisyplace.

Architectshaveusedscientificdiscoveriestosolvenoiseprobleminanumberofways.Wallsarehollowed(havingemptyspaceinside)andthenfilledwithsound-suckingmaterialssimilartocottonwool.Extra-thickcarpetscoverthefloors,andthickwoolencurtainscoverthewindows.Airconditioningandheatingchannelsaremadelessnoisybysound-suckingmaterials．

Unfortunately,thesetechniquesandothersoftenworktoowellinsomebuildings.Noise-proofroomsbecomealmostanechoicandpeoplelivinginthemaredisturbedbythelackofsound．Onewayofhandlingthisproblemistousewhattheycall“soundperfume”—artificial(similarlyproduced,madebyman)noiseispipedtoroomsthroughsmallloudspeakers.

1.Scientistsuseanechoicroomfor（）.

2.Thewriterimpliesthat（）.

3.Peoplesufferinanechoicroomsprobablybecause（）.

4.Thearticlesuggeststhat（）.

问题1选项

A.measuringnoiselevelsofsteelworks

B.measuringblocksoffeathers

C.testingsound-absorbingmaterials

D.testingelectronicequipment

问题2选项

A.untrainedpeoplecannotstaylonginanechoicrooms

B.performingexperimentsinanechoicroomscanbeafrighteningexperience

C.architectsmakepracticaluseoftheinformationgatheredbyscientists

D.scientistsdonotcarefornoiseproblem

问题3选项

A.theyareallowedtomoveandspeak

B.theyareusedlohearingnoisearoundthem

C.thegreaterairpressurehurtstheirears

D.alloftheabove

问题4选项

A.loudspeakersareasimportantassound-proofingmaterials

B.anechoicroomswillbeincludedinallnewbuildings

C.scientificdevicesaresometimestoosuccessful

D.alloftheabove

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段最后一句“...scientistsgetusedto...testthevariousmaterialsbeingdevelopedtomaketheworldalessnoisyplace.”科学家习惯待在这些安静的房间里数小时，使用麦克风和电子设备来测试各种减少噪音的材料。选项C符合原文。

2.细节推理题。根据第一段最后一句“Silenceherecanbeaspainfultotheearsasthedin(continuousloudnoise)ofasteelworksorarocketblast-off...”这里的安静对于耳朵来说是痛苦的，就好像钢铁厂里或者火箭发射时所产生的连续不断的噪音。由此可推断，在这种环境下做实验是非常可怕的经历。所以选项B正确。

3.细节推理题。根据最后一段第二一句“peoplelivinginthemaredisturbedbythelackofsound.”住在里面的人因为没有声音而感到不安。人们在消音室里觉得很痛苦是因为人们不习惯周围一点儿噪音都没有，所以选项B符合原文。

4.事实细节题。根据最后一段的内容可知，住在完全消音的房间里，人们往往会因为没有声音而感到不安，这时候就可以使用人造噪音通过小喇叭传到房间里。也就是说扬声器和隔音材料同样重要。选项A正确。选项C是事实，不是文章给出的建议，所以不选。

11.填空题

（46）Somepeopleseemtobebetterinlearninglanguages.（47）Theycanpicknewvocabulary,masterrulesorgrammars,andlearntowriteinthenewlanguagequickerthanothers.（48）Theydonotseemtobeanymorebrighterthanothers,（49）sowhatmakeslanguagesucheasierforthem?Perhapsifwetakeacloselookatthesesuccessfullanguagelearnerswemaydiscoverafewofthetechniqueswhichmakelanguagelearningeasierforthem.

Firstofall,successfullearnersareindependent.They（50）donotdependonthebookandtheteacher;theydiscovertheirownwaytolearnthelanguage.Insteadofwaitingfortheteachertoexplain,theytrytounderstandthepatternsandtherulesforthemselves.Theyaregoodguessers（51）findingclueshardandformtheirownconclusions.When（52）theyguesswrong,theyguessotherstime.Theytrytolearnfromtheirmistakes.

Successfullanguagelearningisactive.Therefore,successfullearnerslookforchancestousethelanguage（53）actively.Theyfindpeoplespeakthelanguageandaskthemtocorrectthemwhentheymakeamistake.Theyarenotafraidtorepeatwhattheyhearorsaystrange（54）things.Theycanalsoreceiveinformationthatisinexact（55）orincompleteifacommunicationisdifficult.

46.______________

47.______________

48.______________

49.______________

50.______________

51.______________

52.______________

53.______________

54.______________

55.______________

【答案】46.in改为at

47.grammars改为grammar

48.去掉more

49.such改成so

50.and改成or

51.form改为forming

52.others改为another

53.people和speak间加上who

54.receive改为accept

55.if改成when

【解析】46.考查固定搭配。表示擅长的短语搭配为begoodat，句中说的是有些人会更擅长。因此需要使用good的比较级形式better。句意：有些人似乎更擅长学习语言。

47.考查词汇的单复数含义。grammar为不可数名词时表示“语法，文法”，而其复数形式grammars表示“语言知识及应用能力”。句意：他们可以学习新的词汇，掌握规则或语法。句中指的是语法，为不可数名词，不能使用复数形式。

48.考查比较级的用法。bright是单音节形容词。它的比较级为brighter，more是用来修饰三个音节及以上的形容词的比较级的，故应删掉。句意：他们似乎并不比其他人更聪明。

49.考查such与so的辨析。such是形容词，用来修饰名词；so是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词。后面的easier是形容词，故应使用so来修饰。句意：那么是什么让语言对他们来说如此容易呢？

50.考查连接词的使用。and和or都能够表示并列，and用在肯定句和陈述句中，or用在否定句和疑问句中。在句中前面有表否定的not，故连接的使用应该用or。句意：他们不依赖书本老师；他们发现自己学习语言的方法。

51.考查并列句中的谓语一致。and前面使用的是现在分词作定语修饰guessers，后面句中的谓语动词也应该与之保持一致。故应将form改为forming。句意：他们是很好的猜测者，能找到困难的线索并形成自己的结论。

52.考查介词辨析。others表示其他人。another做介词时可表示再一，又一次的意思。根据句意：当他们猜错的时候，他们会再猜一次。因此需将others改为another。

53.考查句子成分。Theyfindpeoplespeakthelanguageandaskthemtocorrectthemwhentheymakeamistake.根据句子结构可知speakthelanguage是定语从句修饰people，而people在从句中担当主语，因此关系代词who不能省略。句意：他们找到说这种语言的人，当他们说错时请这些人纠正。

54.考查动词辨析。receive“收到”表达较为客观被动。accept“接受”具有主观色彩，主动的去接。句意：当交流有困难的时候，他们也能接纳不准确或者不完整的信息。交流的时候他们会主动地去接受一些不完整的信息。因此需要将receive改成accept。

55.考查连接词的使用。根据先前所说的当他们猜错的时候，他们会再猜一次。使用的就是时间状语，那么在他们遇到acommunicationisdifficult的情况的时候，也应该作为时间状语，故应使用when连接而非if。

12.单选题

Themodernhugebuildinglooks______inthatold-fashionedvillage.

问题1选项

A.immeasurable

B.inopportune

C.incongruous

D.importunate

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.immeasurable不可估量的；无限的B.inopportune不合时宜的

C.incongruous不合适的；不相称的D.importunate再三要求的；纠缠不休的

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】按照句意“这座现代化的巨大建筑看起来______在那个老式的村庄里”可知，现代建筑和老式房屋是不相协调的，所以空格处表示“不协调的，不相称的”符合句意，故该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。

【句意】这座现代化的高楼大厦在那个老式村庄里显得很不协调。

13.单选题

Iwouldliketohaveatalkwithhim___hisconvenience.

问题1选项

A.in

B.at

C.for

D.with

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。atone’sconvenience“在某人有时间的时候，在某人方便的时候”。句意：我想在他方便的时候和他谈一谈。因此B选项正确。

14.单选题

hedefectinDavid’scharacterhas（

）himfromadvancementinhiscareer.

问题1选项

A.exempted

B.forbidden

C.undermined

D.hindered

【答案】D

【解析】考察动词辨析。exempt“免除”；forbidden“禁止”；undermined“破坏”；hindered“阻碍”。句意为：大卫的性格缺陷阻碍了他的事业发展。选项D符合句意。

15.翻译题

IntheeyesofChinese,whatisimportantabouteating,especiallyatfestivals,istoatinawarmatmosphere.

【答案】在中国人看来，吃饭最重要的是在一个温暖的气氛中，尤其是在节日里。

16.单选题

Hackersneverwerepartofthemainstreamestablishment,buttheircurrentreputationasvillainsofcyberspaceisafarcryfromtheearlydayswhen,firstandforemost,theywereseenasardentifquirkyprogrammers,capableofnear-miraculous,unorthodoxfeatsofmachinemanipulation.Buttheshiftinpopularperceptiontohackersasdeviantsandcriminalsisimportantnotonlybecauseitaffectsthehackersthemselvesandtheextraordinaryculturethathasgrownaroundthem,butbecauseitreflectsshiftsinthedevelopment,governance,andmeaningofthenewinformationtechnology.

InHackers:HeroesoftheComputerRevolution,StevenLevytracestherootsofevolvinghackercommunitiestotheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyinthelate1950s.Here,coremembersoftheTechModelRailroadClub“