考研考博-英语-哈尔滨广厦学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-哈尔滨广厦学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Justasabookisoftenjudged（）bythequalityandappearanceofitscover,apersonisjudgedimmediatelybyhisappearance.

问题1选项

A.previously

B.uniquely

C.outwardly

D.initially

【答案】C

【解析】previously仓促地；uniquely独特地；outwardly表面上,外观上地；initially最初。句意：就像根据一本书的封面来判断质量一样,判断一个人也是根据他的外表立马进行判断。

2.单选题

Theprofessorhasassignedthestudentsaresearchpaper,thepurpose（

）istoacquaintthemwithmethodsofscholarlyresearch.

问题1选项

A.to

B.towhich

C.itthat

D.ofwhich

【答案】D

【解析】句意:教授己经指定他的学生写一篇研究论文,为了使他们懂得学术研究的方法。

语法题。考查定语从句。题干中的thepurposeofwhichisto...相当于whosepurposeisto。

3.单选题

Policebelievethatmanyburglarsareamateurswhowouldfleeifanalarmsoundedorlights（

）.

问题1选项

A.cameout

B.cameon

C.cameto

D.camedown

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。comeout“出现；出版；结果是”；comeon“快点；开始”；cometo“想起；共计”；comedown“下来；降落；流传下来”。句意：警察认为很多盗贼是新手，如果他们听到警报或者看到灯光就会逃跑。选项A符合题意。

4.单选题

WhenChelseacaughta（）disease,noneofhisfriendswereallowedtovisithim.

问题1选项

A.conspicuous

B.contagious

C.consequent

D.captivating

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。conspicuous“显著的；显而易见的”；contagious“感染性的”；consequent“随之发生的”；captivating“迷人的；有魅力的”。句意：Chelsea得了______病，他的朋友们都不允许来看望他。根据后半句可知Chelsea得的是传染病。因此选项B符合题意。

5.翻译题

Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscientistsbuttheirformandfunction,theirstructuresandappearance,weredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventorsandengineersusingnonscientificmodesofthought.

TillieOlsen'sfictionandessayshavebeenwidelyandrightlyacknowledgedasmajorcontributionstoAmericanliterature,andherworkhasbeenparticularlyvaluedbycontemporaryfeminists.

Thatsexratiowillbefavoredwhichmaximizesthenumberofdescendantsanindividualwillhaveandhencethenumberofgenecopiestransmitted.

Doctorsaremenwhoprescribemedicinesofwhichtheyknewlittle,tocurediseasesofwhichtheyknewless,inhumanbeingsofwhomtheyknewnothing.

Thiswasthedilemmaoftherottenrulingclasswhoseideologyhadbeendiscreditedandwhosepowerrestedonliesandbruteforce.

BeingbornfemaleandblackweretwohandicapsGwendolynBrooksstatesthatshefacedfromherbirth,in1917,inKansas.

Whenhecatchesaglimpseofapotentialantagonist,hisinstinctistowinhimoverwithcharmandhumor.

Wemustcheektheconclusioninpractice,andshouldnotblindlyrelyonsuchaswasreachedmerelybycalculation.

Shewaswaitingforus,herfiguredefinedbythelightfromthehalf-openeddoor.

Americanswhowouldbepatriotsmusttrytolearnwhatitisthattheyhaveincommon,whatitisinthepublicthatisworthcherishingandpreserving;untiltheyknowthat,theirpatriotismwillhavenomorecontentthanabright,loudafternoonparade.

【答案】许多日常使用中的物品显然受到了科学家的影响，但它们的形状、功能、结构和外观是由技术人员、工艺人员、设计师、发明者和工程师根据非科学的思维方式决定的。

TillieOlsen的小说和散文被公认为对美国文学做出了重要贡献，她的作品尤其受到当代女性主义者的重视。

该性别比例将有利于使个体后代的数量最大化，并因此使所传递的基因复数数量最大化。

医生是指这样的一种人，他们给完全不了解的病人开自己一无所知的药物，治疗自己一窍不通的疾病。

这就是腐朽的统治阶级的进退两难的处境，他们的意识形态被抹黑了，他们的权力依赖于谎言和野蛮的力量。

1917年，GwendolynBrooks出生于堪萨斯州，她认为自出生起就面临着两大困难——既是女性，又是黑人。

当他瞥见一个潜在的对手时，他的本能就是用魅力和幽默来说服他。

我们必须在实践中认真对待这个结论，而不应盲目地依赖那些仅仅是通过算计而达到的结果。

她正在等我们，半开的门里透出光亮，显出她的身形。

想要成为爱国者的美国人必须努力了解他们有什么共同之处，公众中有什么是值得珍惜和保护的东西；在知道这些之前，他们的爱国情怀无非是一场自我炫耀的下午游行而已。

6.单选题

Thecompanymakesaperiodicalreviewofexpenditureeverymonth.

问题1选项

A.regular

B.immediate

C.prevalent

D.temporary

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项regular“定期的；有规律的；合格的；整齐的；普通的”；B选项immediate“立即的；直接的；最接近的”；C选项prevalent“流行的；普遍的，广传的”；D选项temporary“暂时的，临时的”。句意：公司每月定期检查支出情况。结合此处关键词periodical“[数]周期的；定期的”，得知A选项正确。

7.单选题

ThefirstmentionofslaveryinthestatutesoftheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmericadoesnotoccuruntilafter1660—somefortyyearsaftertheimportationofthefirstBlackpeople.Lestwethinkthatslaveryexistedinfactbeforeitdidinlaw,OscarandMaryHandlinassureus,thatthestatusofBlackpeopledowntothe1660’swasthatofservants.AcritiqueoftheHanlins’interpretationofwhylegalslaverydidnotappearuntilthe1660ssuggeststhatassumptionsabouttherelationbetweenslaveryandracialprejudiceshouldbereexamined,andthatexplanationforthedifferenttreatmentofBlackslavesinNorthandSouthAmerica'shouldbeexpanded.

TheHandlinsexplaintheappearanceoflegalslaverybyarguingthat,duringthe1660's,thepositionofWhileservantswasimprovingrelativetothatofBlackservants.Thus,theHandlinscontend,BlackandWhiteservants,heretoforetreatedalike,eachattainedadifferentstatus.Thereare,however,importantobjectionstothisargument.First,theHandlinscannotadequatelydemonstratethattheWhiteservant’spositionwasimproving,duringandafterthe1660’s;severalactsoftheMarylandandVirginialegislaturesindicateotherwise.AnotherflawintheHandlin’interpretationistheirassumptionthatpriortotheestablishmentoflegalslaverytherewasnodiscriminationagainstBlackpeople.Itistruethatbeforethe1660’sBlackpeoplewererarelycalledslaves.Butthisshouldnotovershadowevidencefromthe1630sonchatpointstoracialdiscriminationwithoutusingthetermslavery.Suchdiscriminationsometimes,stoppedshortoflifetimeservitudeorinheritedstatusthetwoattributesoftrueslavery-yetinothercasesitincludedboth.TheHandlins'argumentexcludestherealpossibilitythatBlackpeopleintheEnglishcolonieswerenevertreatedastheequalsofWhitepeople.

Thepossibilityhasimportantramifications.IffromtheoutsetBlackpeoplewerediscriminatedagainst,thenlegalslaveryshouldbeviewedasareflectionandanextensionofracialprejudiceratherthan,asmanyhistoriansincludingtheHandlinshaveargued,thecauseofprejudice.Inaddition,theexistenceofdiscriminationbeforetheadventoflegalslaveryoffersafurtherexplanationfortheharshertreatmentofBlackslavesinNorththaninSouthAmericA.FreyreandTannenbaumhaverightlyarguedthatthelackofcertaintraditionsinNorthAmerica-suchasaRomanconceptionofslaveryandaRomanCatholicemphasisonequality—explainswhythetreatmentofBlackslaveswasmoreseveretherethanintheSpanishandPortuguesecoloniesofSouthAmericA.Butthiscannotbethewholeexplanationsinceitismerelybasedonlyonalackofsomething.AmorecompellingexplanationisthattheearlyandsometimesextremeracialdiscriminationintheEnglishcolonieshelpeddeterminetheparticularnatureoftheslaverythatfollowed.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthemostlogicalinferencetobedrawnfromthepassageabouttheeffectsof“severalactsoftheMarylandandVirginialegislatures”(lines11)passedduringandafterthe1660’s?

2.WithwhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingthestatusofBlackpeopleintheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmericabeforethe1660'swouldtheauthorbeLEASTlikelytoagree?

3.Accordingtothepassage,theHandlinshavearguedwhichofthefollowingabouttherelationshipbetweenracialprejudiceandtheinstitutionoflegalslaveryintheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmerica?

4.ThepassagesuggeststhattheexistenceofaRomanconceptionofslaveryinSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadtheeffectof（）.

5.TheauthorconsiderstheFreyreandTannenbaumforthetreatmentaccordedBlackslavesintheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmericatobe（）.

问题1选项

A.Theactsnegativelyaffectedthepre-1660'spositionofBlackaswellasofwhiteservants

B.TheactshadtheeffectofimpartingratherthanimprovingthepositionofWhiteservantsrelativetowhatithadbeenbeforethe1660's

C.TheactshadadifferenteffectonthepositionofWhiteservantsthandidmanyoftheactspassedduringthistimebythelegislaturesofothercolonies

D.Theacts,attheveryleastcausedthepositionofWhiteservantstoremainnobetterthanithadbeenbeforethe1660's

问题2选项

A.AlthoughBlackpeoplewerenotlegallyconsideredtobeslaves,theywereoftencalledslaves

B.Althoughsubjecttosomediscrimination;Blackpeoplehadaheightlegalstatusthantheydidafterthe1660’s.

C.Althoughsometimessubjecttolifetimeservitude,Blackpeoplewerenotlegallyconsideredtobeslaves.

D.AlthoughoftennottreatedthesameasWhitepeople,Blackpeople,likemanyWhitepeople,possessedthelegalstatusofservants.

问题3选项

A.Racialprejudiceandtheinstitutionofslaveryarosesimultaneously

B.Racialprejudicemostoftentooktheformoftheimpositionofinheritedstatus,oneortheattributesofslavery

C.Thesourceofracialprejudicewastheinstitutionofslavery

D.BecauseoftheinfluenceoftheRomanCatholicChurch,racialprejudicesometimesdidnotresultinslaveryslay

问题4选项

A.extendingratherthancausingracialprejudiceinthesecolonies

B.hasteningthelegalizationofslaveryinthesecolonies

C.mitigatingsomeoftheconditionsofslaveryforBlackpeopleinthesecolonies

D.delayingtheintroductionofslaveryintotheEnglishcolonies

问题5选项

A.ambitiousbutmisguided

B.validbutlimited

C.popularbutsuspect

D.anachronisticandcontroversial

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干关键词severalactsoftheMarylandandVirginialegislatures可以定位到文章中“TheHandlinsexplaintheappearanceoflegalslaverybyarguingthat,duringthe1660,s,thepositionofWhiteservantswasimprovingrelativetothatofBlackservants.”中文翻译为：汉林夫妇认为，在17世纪60年代，白人仆人的地位相对于黑人仆人的地位正在改善，从而解释了法律奴隶制的出现。以及原文中“Thus,theHandlinscontend,BlackandWhiteservants,heretoforetreatedalike,eachattainedadifferentstatus.Thereare,however,importantobjectionstothisargument.”，中文翻译为：.因此，黑奴和白种人争论不休，黑人和白人仆人历来待遇相同，每个人都获得了不同的地位。然而，对于这一论点，有一些重要的反对意见；和原文“First,theHandlinscannotadequatelydemonstratethattheWhiteservant’spositionwasimprovingduringandafterthe1660’s;severalactsoftheMarylandandVirginialegislaturesindicateotherwise.”，中文翻译为：首先，马里兰州和维吉尼亚州立法机构的几项法案表明，17世纪60年代期间和之后，这位白人仆人的地位并没有得到充分证明。可以推测出白人仆人的地位没有提高，因此D选项符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第中“ThefirstmentionofslaveryinthestatutesoftheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmericadoesnotoccuruntilafter1660—somefortyyearsaftertheimportationofthefirstBlackpeople.”中文翻译为：在北美英国殖民地大法规中，只有在1660年之后才首次对奴隶制度有所提及，即黑人被输入到美洲后的四十年。“Lestwethinkthatslaveryexistedinfactbeforeitdidinlaw,OscarandMaryHandlinassureus,thatthestatusofBlackpeopledowntothel660’swasthatofservants.”，中文翻译为：唯恐我认为奴隶制度事实上的存在先于其法律上的存在，奥斯卡和玛丽•汉德林使我们相信，直到十七世纪六十年代为止，黑人的地位是充当佣人。以及“Itistruethatbeforethe1660'sBlackpeoplewererarelycalledslaves.”中文翻译为：的确，在1660年以前，黑人很少被称为奴隶。可以推测出A选项是作者最不可能同意的观点。

3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第中“Thepossibilityhasimportantramifications.”中文翻译为：这种可能性具有重要的意义。以及“IffromtheoutsetBlackpeoplewerediscriminatedagainst,thenlegalslaveryshouldbeviewedasareflectionandanextensionofracialprejudiceratherthan,asmanyhistoriansincludingtheHandlinshaveargued,thecauseofprejudice.”，中文翻译为：假若从一开始起黑人就遭到歧视，那么，法律上的奴隶制度应被视作种族歧视的一种反应和延伸，而不应像包括汉德林夫妇在内的许多史学家所指出的那样，被视作种族偏见的起因。可以推测出C选项正确。

4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章中“FreyreandTannenbaumhaverightlyarguedthatthelackofcertaintraditionsinNorthAmerica-suchasaRomanconceptionofslaveryandaRomanCatholicemphasisonequality—explainswhythetreatmentofBlackslaveswasmoreseveretherethanintheSpanishandPortuguesecoloniesofSouthAmerica.”中文翻译为：弗雷尔和坦纳博不无道理指出，北美洲某些传统的缺失一一比如古罗马有关奴隶制度的观念以及罗马天主对于平等的强调一一可以说明黑人奴隶在那里的待遇要比在南美洲西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地的黑人奴隶的待遇更为苛刻。可以得知C选项符合题意。

5.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第中“FreyreandTannenbaumhaverightlyargued...”中文翻译为:“弗雷尔和坦纳博正确地主张了/论证了……”以及“Butthiscannotbethewholeexplanationsinceitismerelybasedonlyonalackofsomething.”中文翻译为：但是，这并不能成为一种完整的解释，因为仅仅是从反面进行的，以某些事物的缺乏为其依据。可以推测出B选项正确。

8.单选题

______thatasbothbirdsandmammalsbecomelarger,theirmetabolicratesperunitoftissuedecrease,andtheygenerallylivelonger.

问题1选项

A.Thetruth

B.Itistrue

C.Iftrue

D.Tobetrue

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定句型。句意：的确，随着鸟类和哺乳动物的体型变大，它们每单位组织的代谢率会下降，它们通常会活得更长。Itis/was+adj.+that是强调句型，It作形式主语，真正主语是that后面的内容，B选项Itistrue符合题意。因此B选项正确。

9.单选题

Iftheoldmaximthatthecustomerisalwaysrightstillhasmeaning,thentheairlinesthatplytheworld’sbusiestairroutebetweenLondonandParishaveaflightontheirhands.

TheEurostartrainservicelinkingtheUKandFrenchcapitalsviatheChannelTunneliswinningcustomersinincreasingnumbers.InlateMay,itcarrieditsonemillionthpassengers,havingrunonlyalimitedservicebetweenLondon,ParisandBrusselssinceNovember1994,startingwithtwotrainsadayineachdirectiontoParisandBrussels.By1997,thecompanybelievesthatitwillbecarryingtenmillionpassengersayear,andcontinuetogrowfromthere.

FromJuly,EurostarstepsitsservicetoninetrainseachwaybetweenLondonandParis,andfivebetweenLondonandBrussels.Eachtraincarriesalmost800passengers,210oftheminfirstclass.

Theairlinesestimatethattheywillinitiallylosearound15%-20%oftheirLondon-ParistraffictotherailwaysonceEurostarstartsafullservicelaterthisyear(1995),with15trainsadayeachway.AsimilarservicewillstarttoBrussels.Thedamagewillbelimited,however,theairlinesbelieve,withpassengernumbersreturningtopreviouslevelswithintwotothreeyears.

Intheshortterm,thedamagecausedbythe1millionpeople-levelstravelingbetweenLondonandParisandBrusselsonEurostartrainsmeansthatsomeairservicesarealreadysuffering.Someofthemajorcarrierssaythattheirpassengernumbersaredownbylessthan5%andpointtotheirrivals-ParticularlyAirFrance—ashavingsufferedtheproblems.OntheBrusselsroute,therailwaycompanyhadlesssuccess,andtheairlinesreportanythingfromarounda5%droptonovisibledeclineintraffic.

Theairlines’optimismonreturningtrafficlevelsisbasedonhistoricalprecedent.BritishMidland,forexample,pointstoitsexperienceonHeathrowLeedsBradfordservicewhichsawpassengernumbersfoldby15%whenBritishRailelectrifiedandmodernizedtherailwaylinebetweenLondonandYorkshire.Twoyearslater,travelhadrisenbetweenthetwodestinationstothepointwheretheairlinewascarryingrecordnumbersofpassengers.

41.Britishairlinesconfideinthefactthat（）.

42.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthedropofpassengersmaybedescribedas（）.

43.Inthepassage,BritishRail(Para6)ismentionedto（）.

44.Therailway’sBrusselsrouteisbroughtforthtoshowthat（）.

45.Thepassageistakenfromthefirstofanessay,fromwhichwemaywellpredictthatinthefollowingparttheauthorisgoingto（）.

问题1选项

A.theyaremorepowerfulthanotherEuropeanairlines

B.theirtotallosswon’tgobeyondadropof5%passengers

C.theirtrafficlevelswillreturnin2-3years

D.travelingbyrailcannevercatchupwithtravelingbyair

问题2选项

A.worried.

B.delighted

C.puzzled

D.unrivaled

问题3选项

A.provideacomparisonwithEurostar

B.supporttheairlines’optimism

C.provetheinevitabledropofairpassengers

D.callforelectrificationandmodernizationoftherailway

问题4选项

A.theEurostartrainserviceisnotdoinggoodbusiness

B.theairlinescanwellcompetewiththerailway

C.theEurostartrainserviceonlycausedlittledamage

D.onlysomeairlines,suchasAirFrance,aresuffering

问题5选项

A.praisetheairlines’clear-mindedness

B.warntheairlinesofhigh-speedrailservices

C.proposeareductionofLondon/Parisflights

D.advisetheairlinestofollowBritishMidlandastheirmodel

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】41.细节理解题。根据文章第四段，“Thedamagewillbelimited,however,theairlinesbelieve,withpassengernumbersreturningtopreviouslevelswithintwotothreeyears.”，可知航空公司相信，损失将是有限的，乘客数量将在两到三年内恢复到以前的水平。可判断出英国航空公司坚信他们的交通水平将在2-3年内恢复。选项C符合题意。

42.作者态度题。纵观全文，作者认为列车的开通对航空公司的影响力度是有限的，客人最后还是会重新选择航空运输，所以对乘客数目下降的现象还是持乐观态度的，但是从整篇文章的语气来看，作者还是心存担忧的。选项A符合题意。

43.推断题。根据文章第四段，“theairlinesbelieve,withpassengernumbersreturningtopreviouslevelswithintwotothreeyears.”，客户自航空公司坚信乘客最终还是会选择航空运输。又根据文章最后一段，“Theairlines’optimismonreturningtrafficlevelsisbasedonhistoricalprecedent.”，可知航空公司对恢复客流量水平的乐观态度是基于历史先例。可推断出作者下文提到BritishRail的例子就是为了证明这一观点：航空公司对航空运输的水平持客观态度。选项B符合题意。

44.推断题。根据文章第五段，“OntheBrusselsroute,therailwaycompanyhadlesssuccess,andtheairlinesreportanythingfromarounda5%droptonovisibledeclineintraffic.”，可知在布鲁塞尔的航线上，铁路公司没有那么成功，航空公司的报告显示，只造成了5%左右的下降，并没有明显的影响。可推断出布鲁塞尔铁路的开通事例说明了欧洲之星列车只对航空运输造成了很小的损害。选项C符合题意。

45.推断题。整篇文章都在说明和强调航空公司对列车开通带来的乘客流量下降并没有很重视，而是一直持乐观态度，相信乘客最终会选择航空运输，但是作者却对此表现出担忧，可推断出作者在接下来的文段中将会给予航空公司一些警告，以让他们能注重列车服务发展带来的冲击。选项B符合题意。

10.单选题

Theseillegalimmigrantshavetoworklonghoursadaydespitetheappallingworkingconditions.

问题1选项

A.bewildering

B.exasperating

C.dismaying

D.upsetting

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析。句意:尽管工作环境恶劣，但是这些非法移民者每天必须工作数小时。

bewildering使人困惑的;exasperating惹人生气的。Dismaying使人惊恐的，使焦急的;upsetting令人心烦意乱的，令人苦恼的。Appaling令人震惊的，低劣得不像话的。故选C。

11.单选题

Youareexposedtoobtrusiveadsthat_______seeminglyfromnowhereevenwhenyouaredisconnectedfromtheNet,andyourpersonalinformationgatheredandsentoffwithoutyoubeingawareofit.

问题1选项

A.sizeup

B.dwindleaway

C.conjureup

D.popup

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“sizeup”意为“打量；估计……的大小；判断；（使）符合要求或规格；评估”；B选项“dwindleaway”意为“减少；消失”；C选项“conjureup”意为“用魔法召唤；使想起”；D选项“popup”意为“突然出现”。句意：你接触着冒失的广告，它们似乎可以从任何地方突然冒出，甚至当你不在线时，你的个人信息也被收集和发送，而你没有意识到它。由题干可知，obtrusiveads（冒失的广告）和fromnowhere（不知从什么地方）说明这些广告会突然从某个地方冒出来。因此D选项符合题意。

12.单选题

Mr.Smithaskedhissecretaryto（）anewparagraphintheannualreportshewastyping.

问题1选项

A.invade

B.install

C.insert

D.inject

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。invade侵入；install安装；insert插入,镶入；inject注射。句意：Mr.Smith要求他的秘书在她正在打的年度报告中插入一段。选项C符合句意。

13.单选题

Theirmindsandbodiesworkfasterthanmost（

）races,makingthemseemrestlessorhyperactive.

问题1选项

A.sapient

B.clever

C.smart

D.brave

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。sapient聪明的，有智慧的；clever机灵的；smart敏捷的；brave勇敢的。句意：他们的心智与身体比大部分智人种类运作的还快，使他们显得有些性急或亢奋。只有A项符合句意。Sapientrace指“智人种类“

14.单选题

（）anincreaseinanti-SemiticrhetoricandreligiousdiscriminationinLatinAmerica,thePanAmericanDevelopmentFoundationandtheU.S.DepartmentofStatelauncheda“BelieveinTolerance”projectinspring2014.

问题1选项

A.Accordingto

B.Contraryto

C.Inresponseto

D.Inadditionto

【答案】C

【解析】词组辨析。accordingto“根据”；contraryto“与……相反”；inresponseto“应对”；inadditionto“除外”。句意：为了应对拉丁美洲反犹太教和宗教歧视的情况，泛美发展基金会和美国国务院在2014年春季发起了一个“相信宽容”的项目。选项C符合题意。

15.单选题

CharlesDickens,likemillionsofchildrenallovertheworldthroughouttheages,wasenchantedbyfairytales.Heacknowledgedthedeepformativeimpactthatthewondrousfiguresandeventsoffairytaleshelpschildrenbetterthananythingelseintheirmostdifficult,yetmostimportantandsatisfyingtask;achievingamorematureconsciousnesstotamethechaoticpressureoftheirunconsciousness.

Fairytales,unlikeanyotherformofliterature,directchildrentodiscovertheiridentityandcalling.Thesestorieshintthatagood,rewardinglifeiswithinone’sreachdespiteadversity.Theypromisethatifonedarestoengageinthisfearsomeandtaxingsearch,benevolentpowerswillcometoone’said,andthatonewillsucceed.Butfairytalesalsowarnthatthosewhoaretootimidornarrow-mindedtoriskthem-selvesmustsettleforhumdrumexistence.

Inthepast,thosewholovedfairytaleswereoftensubjectedtothescornofpedants.Buttodaymanyofourchildrenaredeprivedofthechancetoknowfairystoriesatall.Mostchildrennowmeetfairytales,iftheyencounterthematall,onlyinprettifiedversionsthatsubduetheirmeaningandrobthemofalldeepersignificance.Onecanseesuchversionsinfilmsandontelevision,wherefairytalesaretamedintoempty-mindedentertainment.

Throughouthistory,theintellectuallifeofchildrenlargelydependedonmythicalandreligiousstories,andonfairytales.Thistraditionalliteraturefedchildren’simaginationandstimulatedtheirfantasies.Atthesametime,thesestorieswereamajoragentofthechild’ssocialization.Childrencouldlearnsocialidealsfromthematerialofmyths,whilefairytalesprovidepatternsofbehaviormodeledontheseideals.Theseweretheimagesoftheunconqueredheroes,whoselifehistoryshowedthatitisnotbeneaththedignityofthestrongesttocleanthefilthieststable.

1.TheauthorcitedDickensinorderto______.

2.Itisimpliedinthesecondparagraphthat______.

3.TheauthoridentifiedallofthefollowingasbenefitschildrenderivefromfairytalesEXCEPT______.

4.Accordingtothepassage,today’schildrenseldomexperiencefairytalesintheoriginalbecausetheseliteraryformsare______.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.callattentiontoapersonwhobeganbywritingfairytales

B.supporttheauthor’sscornforthosewhoadaptfairytalesforfilmsandtelevision

C.provetheformativeinfluenceoffairytalesonwriters

D.provideanexampleofonewhounderstandstheimportanceoffairytalestochildren

问题2选项

A.mostfairytalesaresuccessstories

B.childrenlearntheirmorallessonfromfairytales

C.mostfairytalesaretoodifficultforchildrentocomprehend

D.childrenoftenidentifythemselveswiththecharactersinfairytales

问题3选项

A.expressingcomplexissuesinlanguagechildrencanunderstand

B.servingasintroductionstocomplexquestionsbyrewardinglifestyles

C.teachingchildrenthewisdomoffacingriskstoachievemorefulfillinglives

D.improvingachild’simaginationthroughmodelsofvividimagery

问题4选项

A.nolongeravailable

B.notunderstandabletochildren

C.shortenedtoentertaining

D.norelevanttotheconcernsofcontemporarychildren

问题5选项

A.Manyoftoday’schildrenlacktheimportantsocializinginfluenceofmythsandfairytales.

B.Fairytalesprovidemodelsforhumanfeelingsandarethereforeessentialtothegrowthofchildren.

C.Thebestwaytotameachild’sunconsciousbeingistoallowhimtoexperiencefairytales.

D.Thediminishingimportanceoftheroleoffairytalesinchilddevelopmentexplainstoday’sproblems.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.作者意图题。文章开头提到“CharlesDickens,likemillionsofchildrenallovertheworldthroughouttheages,wasenchantedbyfairytales.Heacknowledgedthedeepformativeimpactthatthewondrousfiguresandeventsoffairytaleshelpschildrenbetterthananythingelseintheirmostdifficult,yetmostimportantandsatisfyingtask...（查尔斯•狄更斯，就像那个时代世界上数百万的孩子一样，为童话故事所陶醉。他承认童话故事中奇妙的人物和事件对孩子们的成长有着深刻的影响，在他们最困难、最重要、最令人满意的任务中，这些人物和事件比其他任何东西都更有帮助……）”，由此可知查尔斯•狄更斯是作者引用的一个用来说明童话故事对孩子们的重要性的一个例子，所以D选项“提供一个理解童话故事对孩子重要性的例子”符合题意。A选项“引起对一个开始写童话故事的人的注意”；B选项“支持作者对那些把童话故事改编成电影和电视的人的蔑视”；C选项“论证童话对作家的形成影响”都不如D选项更符合题意，因此D选项正确。

2.判断推理题。第二段提到“Thesestorieshintthatagood,rewardinglifeiswithinone’sreachdespiteadversity.Theypromisethatifonedarestoengageinthisfearsomeandtaxingsearch,benevolentpowerswillcometoone’said,andthatonewillsucceed.（这些故事暗示，一个人即使身处逆境，也能过上美好而有意义的生活。他们承诺，如果一个人敢于进行可怕而费力的探索，仁慈的力量将会来帮助他，他就会成功。）”，由此可知童话故事大部分都是成功的故事，所以A选项“大多数童话故事都是成功的故事”符合题意。B选项“孩子们从童话中吸取道德教训”；C选项“大多数童话故事对孩子们来说太难理解了”以及D选项“孩子们常常认同童话里的人物”该段落都没有体现，因此A选项正确。

3.判断推理题。根据第二段“Thesestorieshintthatagood,rewardinglifeiswithinone’sreachdespiteadversity.（这些故事暗示，一个人即使身处逆境，也能过上美好而有意义的生活。）”可知B选项“通过奖励生活方式来介绍复杂的问题”正确；根据第一段最后一句“achievingamorematureconsciousnesstotamethechaoticpressureoftheirunconsciousness.（获得更成熟的意识来驯服他们无意识的混乱压力。）”可知C选项“教孩子们面对风险的智慧，以实现更充实的生活”正确；根据最后一段“Thistraditionalliteraturefedchildren’simaginationandstimulatedtheirfantasies.（这种传统文学丰富了孩子们的想象力，激发了他们的幻想。）”可知D选项“通过生动形象的模型来提高孩子的想象力”正确，只有A选项“用孩子们能理解的语言表达复杂的问题”文章没有提及，因此该题应选A选项。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“Mostchildrennowmeetfairytales,iftheyencounterthematall,onlyinprettifiedversionsthatsubduetheirmeaningandrobthemofalldeepersignificance.Onecanseesuchversionsinfilmsandontelevision,wherefairytalesaretamedintoempty-mindedentertainment.（大多数孩子现在看到的童话，如果他们能看到的话，也只是经过美化的版本，削弱了它们的意义，剥夺了它们所有更深层次的意义。人们可以在电影和电视上看到这样的版本，童话故事被驯服为空洞的娱乐消遣）”，由此可知现在的儿童很少体验到原始的童话故事是因为它们被削减美化成了娱乐消遣，所以C选项“削减为娱乐”符合题意。A选项“不再提供”；B选项“儿童不能理解”；D选项“与当代儿童的关注无关”。因此C选项正确。

5.主旨大意题。文章主要阐述童话故事对儿童成长的重要性。第一段以例子说明童话故事对儿童的深刻影响；第二段描写童话故事对儿童精神世界的影响；第三段主要分析了当今社会儿童很少体验到原始童话故事的问题；第四段主要说明了童话故事对儿童智力以及情感方面的影响。综上且结合全文，B选项“童话故事为人类情感提供了模型，因此对儿童的成长至关重要”最能表达文章的主旨。A选项“当今许多儿童缺乏神话和童话故事的重要社会影响”；C选项“驯服孩子潜意识的最好方法是让他体验童话故事”；D选项“童话在儿童发展中作用的重要性的下降解释了今天的问题”都不如B选项贴合文章大意，因此B选项正确。

16.单选题

TheFrenchwordrenaissancemeansrebirth.Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventu-allybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning450-1600.TheconceptofrebirthwasappropriatetothisperiodofEuropeanhistorybecauseoftheewedinterestinancientGreekandRomanculturethatbeganinItalyandthenspreadthroughouturope.ScholarsandartistsofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturieswantedtorestorethelearninganddealsoftheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRome.Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohu-man—asopposedtospiritual—values.Fulfillmentinlife—asopposedtoconcernaboutanafter-life—becameadesirablegoal,andexpressingtheentirerangeofhumanemotionsandenjoyingtheleasuresofthesenseswerenolongerfrownedon.Artistsandwritersnowturnedtosecularaswellaseligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.

ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiod—howpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposed，experienced,discussed,anddis-seminated.Theycouldseethearchitecturalmonuments,sculptures,plays,andpoemsthatwerebe-ingrediscovered,buttheycouldnotactuallyhearancientmusic—althoughtheycouldreadthewrit-ingsofclassicalphilosophers,poets,essayists,andmusictheoriststhatwerebecomingavailableintranslation.Theylearnedaboutthepowerofancientmusictomovethelistenerandwonderedwhymodernmusicdidnothavethesameeffect.Forexample,theinfluentialreligiousleaderBernardinoCirilloexpresseddisappointmentwiththelearnedmusicofhistime.Heurgedmusicianstofollowtheexampleofthesculptors,painters,architects,andscholarswhohadrediscoveredancientartandlit-erature.

ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalm