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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川艺术职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题
Manycountriesarefacingthequestionofhowto(
)thebestofmodemtechnologywithoutlosingthebenefitsoftheirtraditionalwayoflife.
问题1选项
A.assimilate
B.utilize
C.extinguish
D.elude
【答案】B
【解析】动词词义辨析。Assimilate“同化”;utilize“利用”;extinguish“熄火,压制”;elude“避开,逃避”。句意:许多国家都面临着如何在不丧失其传统生活方式的好处的情况下,充分利用现代技术的问题。选项B符合题意。
2.写作题
YouaresupposedtowriteanotetoMr.PeterKelly,whoisavisitingprofessoratyourdepartment,askinghimtoarrangeatimetodiscusstheoutlineofyourpaper.
1.Thenoteshouldbeginwith“Professor...”;
2.Thenoteshouldendwith“ZhangPing”;
3.Thenoteshouldgiveabriefintroductiontoyourpaper,suchasthetopicandmajorpoints.
【答案】DearProfessorPeterKelly,
IlearnfromthedeanofourdepartmentthatyouareanexpertinITcultureandyouarenowavisitingprofessoratourComputerDepartment.Thedeansaysthatyouarekind-heartedandalwaysreadytohelpothersandhetellsmetocomeintocontactwithyou.
TodayIamwritingthisnotetoaskyouwhetheritisconvenientforyoutoarrangeatimeforbothofustodiscusstheoutlineofmyresearchpaper.Beforeourmeeting,Ishouldliketointroducetheoverallstructureofmyresearchpapertoyoubriefly.ItstitleisTheInformationExplosioninthe21stCentury,Itconsistsoffourparts:PartOnegivesanobjectiveaccountofthepresentsituationofinformationexplosion.PartTwoisabouttheproponents’viewpointsoninformationexplosion.PartThreeisabouttheopponents’viewpointsoninformationexplosion.PartFourmakesapresentationofmyownviewpointsontheinformationexplosioninthenewcentury.Iwouldappreciateitverymuchifyoucouldgivemesomesuggestionsonhowtoimprovemyresearchpaper.
Yoursrespectfully
ZhangPing
3.单选题
Themayorwasaskedto(
)hisspeechinordertoallowtheaudiencetoraisequestions.
问题1选项
A.constrain
B.conduct
C.condense
D.converge
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。constrain意为“强制,限制”;conduct意为“组织”;condense意为“精简,压缩(文字、信息等)”;converge意为“汇集,聚集”。
句意:市长被要求压缩他的演讲,以便让听众可以提问。
4.填空题
Wefeelthattherearemanydisadvantagesinstreamingpupils.Itdoesnottakeintoaccountthefact
thatchildrendevelopatdifferentrates.Itcanhaveabadeffectonboththebrightandthenot-so-brightchild.Afterall,itcanbequite
A
B
C
discouragedtobeatthebottomofthetopGrade!
D
【答案】Ddiscouraged改为discouraging
【解析】【考查点】形容词。
【解题思路】discouraged的意思为“沮丧的,气馁的”,指的是人自己的感受,discouraging的意思为“使人沮丧的,令人气馁的”,指的是某个事物令人沮丧,这里指的是倒数第一这件事令人沮丧,因此D部分应为“discouraging”。
【句意】我们认为把学生按成绩分班有很多弊端。这没有考虑到儿童发展的速度不同这一事实。这对聪明的孩子和不那么聪明的孩子都有消极的影响。毕竟,在高手如云的班级中倒数第一这件事,相当令人沮丧!
5.单选题
Onetheoryaboutintelligenceseeslanguageasthelogicalstructureunderlyingthinkingandinsiststhatsinceanimalsaremute,theymustbemindlessaswell.
问题1选项
A.inactive
B.cooperative
C.unintelligent
D.brutal
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意:有一种关于智力的理论认为语言是思维的逻辑结构,坚称既然动物不会说话,那么它们也一定是没有头脑的。A选项inactive“不活跃的”;B选项cooperative“合作的”;C选项unintelligent“愚蠢的,不聪明的”;D选项brutal“残忍的,野蛮的”。mindless意为“愚蠢的,没有头脑的”,选项C与之意思相近,代入符合语境。
6.单选题
Thepolice[A]haddecidednottoproceedwithaprosecutionagainstIrwin,[B]clearlyrecognizingthatitwashighlyunlikelythatanyjuryintheland[C]wouldwishtopunishhimfordoingsomethingthatdoctorshavelongdoneinthefinalmomentsofa[D]patient’sorfriend’slives.
问题1选项
A.haddecided
B.clearlyrecognizing
C.wouldwish
D.patient’sorfriend’slives
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词用法。D选项处apatient’s和afriend’s中间是or,因此后面的life为单数形式,应把lives改为life。
7.单选题
Thecountry'sproductiondroppedwhilepricesandunemployed(
).
问题1选项
A.under-questioned
B.out-space
C.overestimated
D.skyrocketed
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。under-question“在受盘问中”;out-space是名词,意思是“外部空间”;overestimate“对……估计过高”;skyrocket“飞涨;猛涨”。While前后是对比关系,前面提到“这个国家的生产下降”,因此后面是表示“价格和失业率在上升”,选项D符合题意。
8.单选题
Television一thatmostpervasive(遍布的)andpersuasiveofmoderntechnologies,markedbyrapidchangeandgrowth—ismovingintoanewera,aneraofextraordinarysophisticationandversatility,whichpromisestoreshapeourlivesandourworld.Itisanelectronicrevolutionofsorts,madepossiblebythemarriageoftelevisionandcomputertechnologies.
Theword“television”,derivedfromitsGreek(tele:distant)andLatin(vision:sight)roots,canliterallybeinterpretedassightfromadistance.Verysimplyput,itworksinthisway:throughasophisticatedsystemofelectronics,televisionprovidesthecapabilityofconvertinganimage(focusedonaspecialphotoconductiveplatewithinacamera)intoelectronicsimpulses,whichcanbesentthroughawireoracable.Theseimpulses,whenfedintoareceiver(televisionset),canthenbeelectronicallyreconstitutedintothatsameimage.
Televisionismorethanjustanelectronicssystem,however.Itisameansofexpression,aswellasavehicleforcommunication,andassuchbecomesapowerfultoolforreachingotherhumanbeings.
Thefieldoftelevisioncanbedividedintotwocategoriesdeterminedbyitsmeansoftransmission.First,thereisbroadcasttelevision,whichreachedthemassesthroughbroad-basedairwavetransmissionoftelevisionsignals.Second,thereisnon-broadcasttelevision,whichprovidedfortheneedsofindividualsorspecificinterestgroupsthroughcontrolledtransmissiontechniques.
Traditionally,televisionhasbeenamediumofthemasses.Wearemostfamiliarwithbroadcasttelevisionbecauseithasbeenwithusforthirty-sevenyearsinaformsimilartowhatexiststoday.Duringthoseyears,ithasbeencontrolled,forthemostpart,bythebroadcastnetworks,ABC,NBC,andCBS,whohavebeenthemajorpurveyors(传播者)ofthenews,informationandentertainment.Thesegiantsofbroadcastinghavenotonlyshapedtelevisionbutourperception(感觉)aswell.Wehavecometolookuponthepicturetubeasasourceofentertainment,placingourroleinthisdynamicmediumasthepassiveviewer.
1.Withwhichtopicisthepassageprimarilyconcerned?
2.Theword“put”(2ndsentenceof2ndPara.)couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?
3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasafunctionofelectronicsintelevisiontransmissions?
4.Whatfieldoftelevisionisintendedforspecificgroups?
5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttherelationshipbetweentelevisionanditsviewerscanbestbeinferredfromthepassage?
问题1选项
A.Recentchangesinmodemtechnology.
B.Themarriageofbroadcastinggiants.
C.Theroleoftelevisionintoday’ssociety.
D.Thecontentofbroadcasttelevisionprograms.
问题2选项
A.expressed
B.asked
C.placed
D.inserted
问题3选项
A.Theconversionofimageintoelectronicsimpulses.
B.Thesendingofimpulsesthroughawirecable.
C.Thechangingofoneimageintoanotherimage.
D.Thefeedingofimpulsesintoareceiver.
问题4选项
A.Broad-based.
B.Reconstituted.
C.Traditional.
D.Non-broadcast.
问题5选项
A.Viewersdonottakeanactiveroleinwatchingtelevision.
B.Viewerswouldpreferincreasednewscoverage.
C.Viewersliketousetelevisiontoreachotherhumanbeings.
D.Viewersaregrowntiredoftelevision.
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:A
第3题:C
第4题:D
第5题:A
【解析】1.主旨题。文章第一段讲到电视将改变我们的生活和我们的世界,接下来讲述了电视在当今社会所扮演的角色。所以选项C最能概括全文。
2.语义题。根据前后文可知,verysimplyput可以理解为“简单地说”,这里的put意为“表达”,所以本题选A。
3.细节判断题。根据第二段的第二句“televisionprovidesthecapabilityofconvertinganimage(focusedonaspecialphotoconductiveplatewithinacamera)intoelectronicsimpulses,whichcanbesentthroughawireoracable.”可知选项A和B正确;根据第二段的最后一句“Theseimpulses,whenfedintoareceiver(televisionset),canthenbeelectronicallyreconstitutedintothatsameimage.”可知选项D正确,而选项C错误。原文指转换成相同的图像,而不是把一种图像转换成另一种图像。所以本题选C。
4.细节事实题。根据第四段的最后一句“thereisnon-broadcasttelevision,whichprovidedfortheneedsofindividualsorspecificinterestgroups”可知选项D正确。
5.细节推断题。根据最后一段的最后一句“Wehavecometolookuponthepicturetubeasasourceofentertainment,placingourroleinthisdynamicmediumasthepassiveviewer.”我们的娱乐来源于显像管,在这个静态的媒体面前扮演着被动的观看者的角色。选项A换了一种方式表达,也是符合原文的。
9.单选题
Inthemid-nineteenth,theUnitedStateshadtremendousnaturalresourcesthatcouldbeexploitedinordertodevelopheavyindustry.Mostoftherawmaterialsthatarevaluableinthemanufactureofmachinery,transportationfacilities,andconsumergoodslayreadytobeworkedintowealth.Iron,coal,andoilthebasicingredientsofindustrialgrowth—wereplentifulandneededonlytheapplicationoftechnicalexpertise,organizationalskill,andlabor.
Onecrucialdevelopmentinthismovementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads.TherailwaynetworkexpandedrapidlyuntiltherailroadmapoftheUnitedStateslookedlikeaspider’sweb,withthesteelfilamentsconnectingallimportantsourcesofrawmaterials,theirplacesofmanufacture,andtheircentersofdistribution.Therailroadscontributedtotheindustrialgrowthnotonlybyconnectingthesemajorcenters,butalsobythemselvesconsumingenormousamountsoffuel,iron,andcoal.
Manyfactorsinfluencedtheemergingmodesofproduction.Forexample,machinetools,thetoolsusedtomakegoods,weresteadilyimprovedinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcentury—alwayswithaneyetospeedierproductionandlowerunitcosts.Theproductsofthefactorieswererapidlyabsorbedbythegrowingcitiesthatshelteredtheworkersandthedistributors.Theincreasedurbanpopulationwasnourishedbytheincreasedfarmproductionthatinturn,wasmademoreproductivebytheuseofthenewfarmmachinery.AmericanagriculturalproductionkeptupwiththeurbandemandandstillhadsurplusesforsaletotheindustrialcentersofEurope.
ThelaborthatranthefactoriesandbuilttherailwayswasrecruitedinpartfromAmericanfarmareaswherepeoplewerebeingdisplacedbyfarmmachinery,inpartfromAsia,andinpartfromEurope.EuropenowbegantosendtidesofimmigrantsfromeasternandsouthernEurope—mostofwhomwereoriginallypoorfarmersbutwhosettledinAmericanindustrialcities.ThemoneytofinancethistremendousexpansionoftheAmericaneconomystillcamefromEuropeanfinanciersforthemostpart,buttheAmericanswereapproachingthedaywhentheirexpansioncouldbefinancedintheirown“moneymarket”.
1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
2.Whydoestheauthormention“aspider’sweb”(Para.2)?
3.Accordingtothepassage,whowerethebiggestconsumersofmanufacturedproducts?
4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofUnitedStatesfarmersinthenineteenthcentury?
问题1选项
A.ThehistoryofrailroadsintheUnitedStates.
B.ThemajorUnitedStatesindustrialcenters.
C.FactorsthataffectedindustrializationintheUnitedStates.
D.Theroleofagricultureinthenineteenthcentury.
问题2选项
A.Toemphasizetherailroad'sconsumptionofoilandcoal.
B.Todescribethecomplexstructureoftherailwaysystem.
C.Toexplaintheproblemsbroughtonbyrailwayexpansion.
D.Todescribethedifficultiesinvolvedinthedistributionofrawmaterials.
问题3选项
A.Railwayworkers.
B.Farmers.
C.Europeans.
D.Citydwellers.
问题4选项
A.Theylostsomejobsbecauseofmechanization.
B.Theyraisedtheirproductivitybyusingnewmachinery.
C.TheysoldfoodtoEuropeancountries.
D.Theywereunabletoproducesufficientfoodforurbanareas.
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:B
第3题:D
第4题:D
【解析】第1题:【选项释义】
Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?文章主要讨论了什么?
A.ThehistoryofrailroadsintheUnitedStates.A.美国铁路的历史。
B.ThemajorUnitedStatesindustrialcenters.B.美国主要的工业中心。
C.FactorsthataffectedindustrializationintheUnitedStates.C.影响美国工业化的因素。
D.Theroleofagricultureinthenineteenthcentury.D.19世纪农业的作用。
【答案】C
【考查点】主旨大意题。
【解题思路】第一段讲了美国用以发展重工业的自然资源非常丰富(tremendousnaturalresourcesthatcouldbeexploitedinordertodevelopheavyindustry),第二段讲到铁路对工业化的重要发展作用(movementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads),第三段讲到工业化期间出现了新的工业生产方式(emergingmodesofproduction),第四段讲到美国工业化期间的劳动力(Thelaborthatranthefactoriesandbuilttherailways)和资金来源(Themoneytofinancethistremendousexpansion)。综上所述,本文以工业化为中心,阐述了影响工业化发展的因素,因此C选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“美国铁路的历史”和D选项“19世纪农业的作用”:是文章的部分内容,不足以概括全文,属于以偏概全;
B选项“美国主要的工业中心”:文中没有提到具体的工业中心,属于无中生有。
第2题:【选项释义】
Whydoestheauthormention“aspider’sweb”(Para.2)?作者为什么提到“蜘蛛网”(第二段)?
A.Toemphasizetherailroad'sconsumptionofoilandcoal.A.强调铁路对石油和煤炭的消耗。
B.Todescribethecomplexstructureoftherailwaysystem.B.描述铁路系统的复杂结构。
C.Toexplaintheproblemsbroughtonbyrailwayexpansion.C.解释铁路扩张带来的问题。
D.Todescribethedifficultiesinvolvedinthedistributionofrawmaterials.D.描述原材料分配的困难。
【答案】B
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据题干中出处提示词Para.2和信息词aspider’sweb定位到第二段第二句,该处讲到“铁路网迅速扩张(railwaynetworkexpanded),直到(until)美国的铁路地图看起来像一张蜘蛛网,铁路网连接着(connecting)所有重要的原材料来源地、它们的制造地点和配送中心。”,可知这里的蜘蛛网形容铁路网,铁路网错综复杂,连接着各个地点,因此B选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“强调铁路对石油和煤炭的消耗”:对应第二段最后一句“铁路对工业的发展做出了贡献(contributedtotheindustrialgrowth),不仅(notonly)因为它连接了这些主要的中心,而且(butalso)因为它本身也消耗了大量的燃料、铁和煤。”,这里表达的是铁路对工业发展的贡献,而非被称为蜘蛛网的原因,属于偷换概念;
C选项“解释铁路扩张带来的问题”和D选项“描述原材料分配的困难”:文中没有提到,属于无中生有。
第3题:【选项释义】
Accordingtothepassage,whowerethebiggestconsumersofmanufacturedproducts?根据文章,谁是工业产品的最大消费者?
A.Railwayworkers.A.铁路工人。
B.Farmers.B.农民。
C.Europeans.C.欧洲人。
D.Citydwellers.D.城市居民。
【答案】D
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干中信息词manufacturedproducts定位到第三段第三句,该处讲到“工厂生产的产品(Theproductsofthefactories)迅速被不断发展的城市所接收(growingcities),工人和商人以此谋生。”,可知消费工业产品最多的是城市居民,因此D选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“铁路工人”:对应第四段第一句“修建铁路(builttherailways)的劳动力(labor)部分来自美国的农场地区”,这里是说铁路工人原本是农民,而不是说铁路工人消费工业产品,属于偷换概念;
B选项“农民”:农民是农产品的生产者,而不是消费者,属于张冠李戴;
C选项“欧洲人”:对应第三段最后一句“美国的农业生产满足了城市的需求(keptupwiththeurbandemand),但仍有剩余的农产品(surpluses)销往欧洲的工业中心(saletotheindustrialcentersofEurope)。”,可知销往欧洲工业中心的农产品是小部分,而不是大部分,属于偷换概念。
第4题:【选项释义】
WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofUnitedStatesfarmersinthenineteenthcentury?关于19世纪的美国农民,下列哪项不正确?
A.Theylostsomejobsbecauseofmechanization.A.由于机械化,他们有的人丢了工作。
B.Theyraisedtheirproductivitybyusingnewmachinery.B.他们通过使用新机器提高了生产力。
C.TheysoldfoodtoEuropeancountries.C.他们把食物卖给欧洲国家。
D.Theywereunabletoproducesufficientfoodforurbanareas.D.他们无法为城市地区生产足够的食物。
【答案】D
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】此题定位到第三段最后一句,该处讲到“美国的农业生产满足了城市的需求(keptupwiththeurbandemand),仍有剩余的农产品销往欧洲的工业中心。”,可知他们为城市提供了足够的食物,还有剩余的可以用来出口,和文章内容不符,因此D选项正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“由于机械化,他们有的人丢了工作”:对应第四段第一句“美国农场地区的人被农业机械取代(Americanfarmareaswherepeoplewerebeingdisplacedbyfarmmachinery)”,机器代替人做农活,做农活的人由此失业,符合文章内容,属于反向干扰;
B选项“他们通过使用新机器提高了生产力”:对应第三段倒数第二句“农业生产又被新的农业机械的使用所提高(moreproductivebytheuseofthenewfarmmachinery)”,可知本选项符合文章内容,属于反向干扰;
C选项“他们把食物卖给欧洲国家”:对应第三段最后一句“仍有剩余的农产品销往欧洲的工业中心(saletotheindustrialcentersofEurope)。”,可知本选项符合文章内容,属于反向干扰。
10.单选题
Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
问题1选项
A.Doingenjoyablework.
B.Earningacompetitivesalary.
C.Havingfriendlycolleagues.
D.Workingforsupportivebosses.
问题2选项
A.20%.
B.25%.
C.31%.
D.73%.
问题3选项
A.Thosefullofskilledworkers.
B.Thosethatarewellmanaged.
C.Thoserunbywomen.
D.Thoseofasmallsize.
问题4选项
A.Theycanwinrecognitionoftheirwork.
B.Theycanbetterbalanceworkandlife.
C.Theycanhopfromjobtojobeasily.
D.Theycantakeonmorethanonejob.
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:A
第3题:D
第4题:B
【解析】ConversationOne
W:WelcometoWorkplace,andintoday’sprogramwe’relookingattheresultsoftworecentlypublishedsurveys,whichbothdealwiththesametopic—happinessatwork.John,tellusaboutthefirstsurvey.
M:Well,thiswasdonebyahumanresourcesconsultancywhointerviewedmorethan1,000workers,andestablishedatop10ofthefactorswhichmakepeoplehappyatwork.[1]Themostimportantfactorforthemajorityofthepeopleinterviewedwashavingfriendly,supportivecolleagues.Infact,73%ofpeopleinterviewedputtheirrelationshipwithcolleaguesasthekeyfactorcontributingtohappinessatwork,whichisaveryhighpercentage.Thesecondmostimportantfactorwashavingworkthatisenjoyable.Thetwoleastimportantfactorswerehavingone’sachievementsrecognized,andrathersurprisingly,earningacompetitivesalary.
W:So,we’renotmainlymotivatedbymoney?
M:Apparentlynot.
W:Anyotherinterestinginformationinthesurvey?
M:Yes.Forexample,25%oftheworkingpeopleintervieweddescribedthemselvesas“veryhappy”atwork.However,[2]20%ofemployeesdescribedthemselvesasbeingunhappy.
W:That’squitealotofunhappypeopleatworkeveryday.
M:Itis,isn’tit?Andtherewereseveralmoreinterestingconclusionsrevealedbythesurvey.Firstofall,smallisbeautiful.[3]Peopledefinitelypreferworkingforsmallerorganizationsorcompanieswithlessthan100staff.Wealsofindoutthat,generallyspeaking,womenwerehappierintheirworkthanmen.
W:Yes,weare,aren’twe?
M:Andworkersonpart-timecontracts,whoonlywork4or5hoursaday,arehappierthanthosewhoworkfull-time.[4]Theresearchersconcludedthatthisisprobablyduetoabetterwork-lifebalance.
W:Arebosseshappierthantheiremployees?
M:Yes.Perhapsnotsurprisingly,thehigherpeoplegoinacompany,thehappiertheyare.Soseniormanagersenjoytheirjobsmorethanpeopleworkingunderthem.
1.Whatisthenumberonefactorthatmadeemployeeshappyaccordingtothesurvey?
【试题答案】C
【试题解析】题目问根据这项调查,让员工快乐的首要因素是什么?录音提及,大部分受访者认为,要有工作幸福感,最重要的因素是与友好的、能给予帮助的同事一起共事。C选项“与友好的同事共事”是录音原文复现,因此正确。A选项“从事令人愉快的工作”是男士提到的第二重要的因素,与题干不符,因此排除;B选项“获得有竞争力的薪水”是调查得出的两个最不重要的因素之一,因此也可排除;D选项“为能给予帮助的老板工作”,这里能给予帮助的应该是同事而不是老板,与原文表述不符,因此不正确。
2.Whatisthepercentageofthepeoplesurveyedwhofeltunhappyatwork?
【试题答案】A
【试题解析】题目问在接受调查的人中,对工作感到不快乐的比例是多少?录音中,男士提及,有25%的受访者认为自己在工作中“非常愉快”,而有20%的受访者则认为自己在工作中不愉快。因此,A选项“20%”正确。B选项“25%”是在工作中感到非常愉快的人群所占的比例;C选项“31%”录音中没有提及;D选项“73%”的对象与题干不相关,也可排除。
3.Whatkindofcompaniesarepopularwithemployees?
【试题答案】D
【试题解析】题目问什么样的公司最受员工欢迎?录音中,男士提及调查还得出几个有趣的结论,其中一点是人们更喜欢去员工在100人以下的小规模机构或公司工作。因此D选项“规模小的公司”正确。A选项“充满熟练工人的公司”;B选项“管理得当的公司”和C选项“由女性经营的公司”在录音中均没有信息提及,因此可排除。
4.Whatisthepossiblereasonforpeopleonpart-timecontractstobehappier?
【试题答案】B
【试题解析】题目问签订兼职合同的人更快乐的可能原因是什么?录音中男士提及,那些一天只需工作四五个小时的兼职人员,其幸福感要比那些全职员工高。研究人员得出的结论是:这可能是因为兼职人员的工作与生活有更好的平衡。B选项中的balanceworkandlife是录音中work-lifebalance的词性转换,因此B选项正确。A选项“他们可以赢得工作上的认可”是对工作幸福感最不重要的两个影响因素之一,与兼职人员的工作幸福感无关,因此排除;C选项“他们可以轻松地从一份工作跳槽到另一份工作”和D项“他们从事不止一份工作”在录音中均没有信息提及,因此也可排除。
11.单选题
SomepeoplewouldliketodoshoppingonSundayssincetheyexpecttopickupwonderful(
)inthemarket.
问题1选项
A.batteries
B.bargains
C.baskets
D.barrels
【答案】B
【解析】句意:有些人喜欢在星期天购物,因为他们希望在市场上买到物美价廉的东西。bargains做名词表示特价商品。所以选项B正确。
12.单选题
Romanliteratureneverceasedto()influenceintheMiddleAges,andthisinfluencebecamemuchgreaterinthefourteenthandfifteenthcenturieswhenmoreRomanworksbecameknown.
问题1选项
A.exert
B.practice
C.resist
D.stage
【答案】A
【解析】动词词义辨析。exert“运用,发挥,施以影响”;practice“练习”;resist“拒绝”;stage“举行,上演”。句意:罗马文学在中世纪的影响从未停止,这种影响在14和15世纪,当更多的罗马作品被了解后,这种影响变得更大。选项A符合题意。
13.单选题
TheterroristattacksinLondonThursdayservedasajarringreminderthatintoday’sworld,youneverknowwhatyoumightseewhenyoupickupthenewspaperorturnontheTV.Disturbingimagesofterrorcantriggeravisceralresponsenomatterhowcloseorfarawayfromhometheeventhappened.
Throughouthistory,everymilitaryconflicthasinvolvedpsychologicalwarfareinonewayoranotherastheenemysoughttobreakthemoraleoftheiropponent.Butthankstoadvancesintechnology,thepopularityoftheInternet,andproliferationofnewscoverage,therulesofengagementinthistypeofmentalbattlehavechanged.
Whetherit’samassiveattackorasinglehorrificact,theeffectsofpsychologicalwarfarearen’tlimitedtothephysicaldamageinflicted.Instead,thegoaloftheseattacksistoinstillasenseoffearthatismuchgreaterthantheactualthreatitself.
Therefore,theimpactofpsychologicalterrordependslargelyonhowtheactsarepublicizedandinterpreted.Butthatalsomeanstherearewaystodefendyourselfandyourlovedonesbyputtingthesefearsintoperspectiveandprotectingyourchildrenfromhorrificimages.
WhatIsPsychologicalTerror?"Theuseofterrorismasatacticispredicateduponinducingaclimateoffearthatisincommensuratewiththeactualthreaten,"saysMiddleEasternhistorianRichardBullietofColumbiaUniversity.“Everytimeyouhaveanactofviolence,publicizingthatviolencebecomesanimportantpartoftheactitself.”
“Therearevariouswaystohaveyourimpact.Youcanhaveyourimpactbythemagnitudeofwhatyoudo,bythesymboliccharacteroftarget,orthehorrificqualityofwhatyoudotoasingleperson”BulliettellsWebMD.“Thepointisthatitisn’twhatyoudo,butit’showit’scoveredthatdeterminestheeffect.”Forexample,BullietsaystheIranianhostagecrisis,whichbeganin1979andlastedfor444days,wasactuallyoneofthemostharmlessthingsthathappenedintheMiddleEastinthelast25years.AlloftheU.S.hostageswereeventuallyreleasedunharmed,buttheeventremainsapsychologicalscarformanyAmericanswhowatchedhelplesslyaseachevening’snewscastcountedthedaysthehostageswerebeingheldcaptive.
Bullietsaysterroristsfrequentlyexploitimagesofagroupofmaskedindividualsexertingtotalpowerovertheircaptivestosendthemessagethattheactisacollectivedemonstrationofthegroup’spowerratherthananindividualcriminalact.“Youdon’thavethenotionthatacertainpersonhastakenahostage.It’sanimageofgrouppower,andtheforcebecomesgeneralizedratherthanpersonalized,”saysBulliet.“Therandomnessandtheubiquityofthethreatgivetheimpressionofvastlygreatercapacities.’’
PsychiatristAnsarHaroun,whoservedintheU.S.ArmyReservesinthefirstGulfWarandmorerecentlyinAfghanistan,saysthatterroristgroupsoftenresorttopsychologicalwarfarebecauseit’stheonlytactictheyhaveavailabletothem.“Theydon’thaveM-16s,andwehaveM-16s.Theydon’thavethemightymilitarypowerthatwehave,andtheyonlyhaveaccesstothingslikekidnapping,"saysHaroun,whoisalsoaclinicalprofessorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego.
“Inpsychologicalwarfare,evenonebeheadingcanhavethepsychologicalimpactthatmightbeassociatedwithkilling1,000oftheenemy,"HarountellsWebMD.“Youhaven’treallyharmedtheenemyverymuchbykillingonepersonontheotherside.Butintermsofinspiringfear,anxiety,terror,andmakingusallfeelbad,you’veachievedalotofdemoralization."
1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTamongthereasonsthatchangetherulesofpsychologicalwarfare?(
)
2.AccordingtoRichardBulliet,whydoes"publicizinganactofviolencebecomesanimportantpartofterrorismitself”?(
)
3.TheIranianhostagecrisisshowsthat(
).
4.Therandomnessandtheubiquityoftheterroristactsbringtothepublictheimpressionthat(
).
问题1选项
A.Breakthemoraleoftheiropponent.
B.Advancesintechnology.
C.ThepopularityoftheInternet.
D.Prosperityofmedia.
问题2选项
A.Becausepsychologicalterrorismisatactic.
B.Becauseterrorismdependsonaclimateoffearratherthanontheactualthreat.
C.Becausetheuseofterrorismistoinspirefearthatismoredestructivethantheactualthreat.
D.Becausepublicizingtheviolencecanmakemorepeopleknowtheactualthrea
问题3选项
A.theimpactofpsychologicalterrorrelieslargelyonhowtheactsarepublicized
B.therearevariouswaystohavetheimpactofpsychologicalterror
C.theAmericanmediaiseffective
D.thewaysdeterminestheeffect
问题4选项
A.theterroristsareexertingtotalpowerovertheircaptives
B.thethreatisacollectivedemonstrationofthegroup’spower
C.theterroristsarepowerfulandpervasive
D.theforcebecomesgeneralizedratherthanpersonalized
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:C
第3题:D
第4题:C
【解析】1.细节题。根据题干关键词psychologicalwarfare定位至第二段第一句,紧接着后面就提出了原因,advancesintechnology,thepopularityoftheInternet和proliferationofnewscoverage,分别对应选项B,C,D,只有选项A没有提及。
2.细节题。根据题干关键词RichardBulliet定位至第五段。第五段指出原因在于恐怖主义的策略就是创造一种和实际并不相符的恐惧氛围。
3.细节题。根据题干关键词Iranianhostagecrisis定位至第六段。选项D与第六段第四句重现。
4.细节题。根据题干关键词Therandomnessandtheubiquity定位至第七段,最后一句指出:这种威胁的随机性和普遍性给人的印象是其破坏能力大大增强。因此选项C正确。
14.单选题
Wecanallowa0.5%discountonallordersof$1000;orders___$2000aresubjecttoa2%
discount.
问题1选项
A.exceeding
B.reducing
C.proceeding
D.promoting
【答案】A
【解析】【选项释义】
A.exceeding超过(数量)B.reducing减少
C.proceeding开始;继续做D.promoting促进;提升
【考查点】动词辨析。
【解题思路】根据句意:对所有1000美元的订单,我们可以给0.5%的折扣。分号后面的折扣更大,应该指如果是更多美元的订单,我们给出的折扣更多。应该选A.exceeding超过,表示更多。
【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。
【句意】所有1000美元的订单,我们可以给0.5%的折扣。超过2000美元的订单须加2%的折扣。
15.单选题
Thebehaviorofgasesisexplainedby______thekinetictheory.
问题1选项
A.whatscientistscall
B.whatdoscientistscall
C.scientiststheycall
D.scientistscallit
【答案】A
【解析】考查语法。此题介词by后需要加一个名词性的结构,而不是一个完整的句子,故排除C项和D项。A选项的what代表的是科学家们常说的运动学理论,符合语法规则;B项是多了do,构成了疑问句,不符合语法。句意:气体的行为可以用科学家所谓的动力学理论来解释。故正确答案为A。
16.单选题
Youwillgettothechurchmorequicklyifyoutakethis()acrossthefields.
问题1选项
A.track
B.passage
C.method
D.journey
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项track“轨道,足迹,小道”;B选项passage“走廊,通道”;C选项method“方法”;D选项journey“旅行,行程”。句意:如果你沿着这条小路穿过田野,到教堂会快一些。选项A符合语境。
17.单选题
Competentresearcherscitethemostauthoritativesource,butwhatcountsasauthoritativeagainvariesbyfield.Notetheauthoritieswhomresearchersinyourfieldcitemostoften,whatprocedurestheytrust,whatrecordstheyregularlycite.Ifyouaredealingwithprimarysources(originaltextsofbooks,plays,diaries,andsoon),besurethatyoureditionisrecentandpublishedbyareputablepress.Thereareon-lineelectroniceditionsofShakespearesosloppilyeditedthatusingthemwouldlabelyouasincompetent.
Whenstudentsareunfamiliarwithorcan’tfindauthoritativesecondarysourcesscholarlyjournalsandbooks——theyoftenresorttotertiarysources:textbooks,articlesinencyclopedias,mass-circulationpublications.Ifthesearetheonlysourcesavailable,sobeit,butneverassumethattheyareauthoritative.Beespeciallycautiousaboutbooksoncomplexissuesintendedformassaudiences.Authorswhowritefortheordinaryreaderaboutbrainsorblackholesareusuallycompetent,sometimesdistinguishedresea
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