考研考博-英语-吉林财经大学考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉林财经大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.案例题

Duringthenormaldevelopmentofself,achildisaffectedbycertaininfluentialfactors.（1）.Infantsformanattachmentwiththemotherthatmustundergoaprocessofseparationandindividuation.Objectrelationspsychologyexaminesthisrelationship,whichdependsontheabilityofthechildtoseparatehimselffromhisobject,themother,andrealizethatheisaseparateindividual.（2）.Certainly,affectionate,caringparentsareessentialaswell.Asthechildbeginstodevelophissenseofself,hemustmastercertaindevelopmentaltasksthatarepartofgrowingup,suchasacquisitionoflanguageandtoilettraining.（3）.

（4）.Sinceaninfantsrelationshipwithhismotherissoimportant,accordingtomanypsychologists,whateffectdoesbeingseparatedfromthebiologicalmotherhaveontheadoptedchild?（5）.Butwhataboutachildwhoisolderwhenheisadopted?

（6）.Whenheisplacedwithanadoptivefamily,heislikelytoexperienceseparationanxietyfrombisfostermother,whocanberegardedassymbolicallyabandoninghimashisownbiologicalmotherdid.

（7）.Nowitseemsasthoughhehastostartover;hisprotestingmaygivewaytodespairasheyearnsforpeoplewhousedtobeinhislife.Theadoptivefamilyshouldofferasmuchaffectionandsecurityaspossibletoreassurethechildthatheissafe,thattheyarereliablesourcesoflovingcare,andthattheywillhelphimthroughthisdifficultstage.

（8）.Althoughhemaynotmindtheactualseparationfromhismotherwhenhegoestoplayschoolordaycare,hemaybecomeobsessedaboutthetimewhenhismotherissupposedtopickhimupatdaycareorkindergarten;tardinessmayprovokefearsaboutcaraccidentsordeath.

Ontheotherhand,somepsychologistsbelievethatachildwhoisgivenmoreaffectionissometimesmorestronglyattachedtotheirparentsandthereforemorepronetoseparationanxietythanaresomeofthosewhoaretreatedmoreroughly.（9）.Onthecontrary,thecapacitytoexperienceseparationanxietycanberegardedasasignofthehealthypersonality.（10）.

Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions1〜10,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistatojtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

A.Asafe,lovingenvironmentisanothernecessarycomponentforthedevelopmentofahealthyself-concept.

B.Forinfantsadoptedatbirth,theeffectmaybeminimal,fortheinfanthasoftenhadnoopportunitytobondwiththebiologicalmother.

C.Sincesuch"dependence"inthewell-lovedchildisoutgrownandlaterprovidesthebasisforastableindependence,itwouldbeamistaketosupposeittobepathological.

D.Oneofthemostimportantinvolveshisrelationshipwithhismother.

E.What,then,effectdoesadoptionhaveonthedevelopmentofahealthysenseofself?

F.Histransitiontolivinginanadoptivehomemaybedifficultasheadjuststonewsurroundingsandcaregiversbecause,bytheageof18months,hehasalreadybeguntodevelopasenseofselfinrelationtoothers.

G.Despitetheseactions,sometimesachildmaycontinuetosufferfromseparationanxiety.

H.Anythingthatinterruptsthedevelopmentoftheseimportantskillsmayinterferewithdevelopingahealthyself-concept.

I.Consideratoddleradoptedattheageof18monthswhohaslivedinthesamefosterhomesincebirth.

J.Anadoptedchild,then,hasatleastanaveragechanceofsuccessfulindividuation,assumingheisadoptedbylovingparents.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）H

（4）I

（5）B

（6）F

（7）E

（8）G

（9）C

（10）J

【解析】1.根据下文：婴儿与母亲形成依恋关系，必须经历分离和个性化的过程。所以填空处应该与婴儿和母亲之间的关系相关。

2.根据下文：父母对子女的爱心和关爱是必不可少的...。选项A一个安全,充满爱的环境是发展健康自我概念的另一必要因素，与下文相对应，所以正确。

3.上文提到了developmentaltasks,选项H中"thedevelopmentoftheseimportantskills"与之相对应。

4.根据下文可知本段主要是讲被收养的孩子。这里是进行举例，所以选项I符合原文内容。

5.根据上文可知，这里是回答收养的孩子与生母之间的关系，选项B正确。

6.结合上下文的内容可知，这里是描述年龄大一点的被收养的孩子的生活状况，所以选F。

7.根据下文的内容可知本段主要是讲收养对健康的自我意识的发展的影响。选项E正确。

8.上一段提出了收养家庭应如何帮助收养的孩子提供关爱，度过难关，但下文的内容又指出孩子们依然可能会出现分离焦虑症，所以选项G尽管有这些措施，有时孩子可能会依然有分离焦虑症，符合原文逻辑。

9.选项C中的such"dependence"inthewell-lovedchild与上文中的achildwhoisgivenmoreaffectionissometimesmorestronglyattachedtotheirparents相对应，所以正确。

10.选项J如果一个被收养的孩子被慈爱的父母收养，那么他至少有平均的成功个性化的机会。这与上文紧密联系,所以正确。

2.单选题

Toimpressafutureemployeroneshoulddressneatly,be（

）,anddisplayinterestinthejob.

问题1选项

A.swift

B.instant

C.timely

D.punctual

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项swift“迅速的，敏捷的，立刻的”；B选项instant“立即的，直接的，紧迫的”；C选项timely“及时的”；D选项punctual“按时的，准时的”。句意：要想给未来老板留下好印象，应聘者应穿着整齐，严格准时，并且表现出对工作的兴趣。结合句意，D选项正确。

3.单选题

Thesearestudentswho,atsomestageoftheirundergraduatecareers,leaveclass,either（）,orbecausetheyareaskedtodoso.

问题1选项

A.voluntarily

B.selectively

C.compulsorily

D.necessarily

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。voluntarily“自动地”；selectively“有选择地”；compulsorily“强制地；强迫地”；necessarily“必要地；必定地”。句意：在大学学习生涯的某个阶段，一些学生或______或被迫离开课堂。根据句意可知选项A符合题意。

4.翻译题

一本好书往往珍藏着一个人所能想到的最美妙的东西，因此，好书就是一座座收藏着美好话语和崇高思想的宝库。这些珍藏的话语和思想会随时随地陪伴并抚慰我们。

书中自有颜如玉，书中自有黄金屋。读书是赏心悦目，陶冶情操；读书是走进先哲，聆听教诲；读书是体验鸟语，感受花香。书能引导我们进入最优秀的社会群体，将我们带到有史以来最伟大的思想家面前。在书中我们能够与先贤们博古烁今，能够与文人骚客煮酒论歌，能够从无数正反面的故事中，吸取教训，增长见识。

开卷有益，这是自古以来人们的共识。每一个人要想在知识的山峰上登得越高，眼前展现的景色越壮阔，就要多读书。读书是开阔视野，获取渊博知识的最佳途径。让我们都来读书吧！

【答案】Agoodbookoftentreasuresupthemostwonderfulthingsofonecanthinkof,sogoodbooksaretreasurehousesofgloriouswordsandloftythoughts.Thesetreasuredwordsandthoughtswillalwaysbewithusandcomfortus.

Withinbooks,onecanfindgirlswithcomplexionslikejadeandhousesmadeofgold.Readingisafeastfortheeyesandcultivatingourtaste;Readingistowalkintotheancientsagesandtolistentotheedification;Readingistoexperiencethesoundofbirdsandthesmellofflowers.Bookscanleadusintothebestsocialgroups,tothegreatestthinkersthroughouthistory.Inthebookswecanpossessawideknowledgeofthingsancientandmodernwithancientsages;wecanappreciatepoemswithpoets;wecanlearnfrominnumerablepositiveandnegativestoriesandincreaseourknowledge.

Peoplehavelongrealizedthatreadingenrichesthemind.Ifyouwanttoclimbhigheronthemountainofknowledge,themoremagnificenttheviewyoucansee,youmustreadmore.Readingisthebestwaytobroadenourhorizonandacquireprofoundknowledge.Let’sallread!

5.单选题

Theteachertriedtoexplaintheproblem,buttheexplanationdidnot（）.

问题1选项

A.comeup

B.hangon

C.getacross

D.lookout

【答案】C

【解析】动词词组辨析。comeup"走近;发生";hangon"坚持下去;不挂断;握住不放";getacross"被理解,被接受";lookout"注意;当心"。句意：老师试图解释这个问题,但这个解释不被大家所接受。选项C符合句意。

6.单选题

After（

）seemedanendlesswait,itwashisturntogivealecturetotheaudience.

问题1选项

A.it

B.that

C.these

D.what

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在看似漫长的等待之后，轮到他给观众做演讲了。

语法题。考查宾语从句。根据句意可知此处after作介词，after后面的宾语从句中缺少主语，故使用连接词what引导宾语从句。

7.单选题

Experimentsinthephotographyofmovingobjects________inboththeUnitedStatesandEuropewellbefore1990.

问题1选项

A.havebeenconducting

B.wereconducting

C.hadbeenconducted

D.areconducted

【答案】C

【解析】考查时态。A是过去完成进行时，表示从过去某一时间开始，并持续到现在的动作；B是过去进行时，表示过去正在发生的动作；C是过去完成时，表示从过去的时间某动作已完成；D是一般现在时，表示现在的动作。句意：早在1990年，美国和欧洲都已经做过了对移动物体摄影的实验。1990是一个过去的时间，句子中有个wellbefore，所以可知做物体移动的摄影实验是在1990年之前就完成了，是一个在过去就已经完成的动作，因此答案选C。

8.翻译题

“Bah!Humbug”,wasScrooge’sopinionofcharitablegivingandeventodaysomeeconomistsreckoncharitygoesagainsteconomicrationality.36.Itisoftenallegedthataltruismisinconsistentwitheconomicrationality,whichassumesthatpeoplebehaveselfishly.Certainly,mucheconomicanalysisisconcernedwithhowindividualsbehave,andhomoeconomicus(economicman)isusuallyassumedtoactinhisorherself-interest.

37.Someeconomicmodelsassumethatself-interestedindividualsbehavealtruisticallybecausetheygetsomebenefit,orutility,fromdoingso.Forinstance,itmaymakethemfeelbetteraboutthemselves,orbeausefulinsurancepolicyagainstsocialunrest.Othereconomicmodelsrelaxthetraditionalassumptionoffullyrationalbehaviorbysimplyassumingthatpeoplesometimesbehavealtruistically,evenifthismaybeagainsttheirself-interest.ThePeaceCorpsisanexample,forpeopleoftengiveuppotentiallylucrativestartstotheircareersorinterruptthemtodogoodworkoverseas.PeoplewhoworkforthePeaceCorpsdosobecausetheywanttoandtokeepthePeaceCorpsdynamicwithfreshideas.38.Sociologistswouldarguethatthereisanaturalinclinationofhumanbeingstoengagethemselvesinhelpingothers,asanaturalinstincttopreservethespecies.Thuspublicdutyisasurvivalact.

Thequestionthenisraisedregardingpoliticalparticipation,whetheritcanbeclassifiedasanactofeconomicrationalityorofaltruism.39.Publicdutymaynotnecessarilymeanduty,althoughitmayincludethatconstantandactivepracticalparticipationinthedetailsofpoliticswithoutwhich,uponthepartofthemostintelligentcitizens,theconductofpublicaffairsfallsunderthecontrolofselfishandignorantorcraftyandvenalmen.Politicsoftenrequiresserviceincommittees,careandtroubleandexpenseofmanykinds,patientenduranceofrebuffs,chagrins,ridicules,disappointments,anddefeats.40.Allthesedutiesandservices,whenselfishlyandmeanlyperformed,stigmatizeamanasamerepolitician,butwhenperformedwithhonestyandvigilance,theybecomegradualbuildingblocks,stonebystoneandlayerbylayer,ofanationofself-restrainedliberty.

【答案】36.经济学家声称，利他主义与经济理性背道而驰，因为后者假定人们行为自私。

37.一些经济模型假设，利己主义者之所以表现出利他行为，是因为他们从中获得了一些利益或效用。例如，让他们自我感觉更好，或者有效防止社会动荡。

38.社会学家认为人类有一种帮助别人的自然倾向，这是保护同类的自然本能。因此，公共义务是一种生存行为。

39.虽然公共义务有时包括持续和积极参与政治事务，但是公共义务不一定意味着义务。

40.如果带着私心和恶意履行责任和提供服务，那就玷污了这份职业，徒留政客的名声。但是如果带着真诚与严谨，这些行为就会一点一滴、层层递进地建构自我约束下的自由国家。

9.单选题

Amongallsocietieslegalmarriageisusuallyaccompaniedbysomekindofceremonythatexpressgroup（）oftheunion.

问题1选项

A.opinion

B.consistency

C.insistence

D.approval

【答案】D

【解析】opinion观点,主张；consistency一致性,相容性；insistence坚持,强调；approval批准,认可,赞同。句意：在所有社会中,合法的婚姻通常伴随着某种仪式,表达群体对婚姻的认可。选项D符合语境。

10.单选题

Hehadaclearpictureofasadandlonelyman,deeplyconcernedabouthishealthwhichseemedtopromiseonlyafairlyrapiddeclineinto（）.

问题1选项

A.convalesce

B.recovery

C.senility

D.relapse

【答案】C

【解析】名词词义辨析。convalesce“渐渐恢复”；recovery“恢复”；senility“衰老，老态龙钟”；relapse“复发，恢复原状”。句意：他很清楚地了解到一个悲伤孤独的老人，非常关心自己的身体健康状况，这种健康状况似乎预示着会迅速进入衰老状态。选项C符合题意。

11.单选题

ThisEuropeangeologistturnedouttobegoodcompanyandknewalotaboutthecountrywewerein,sowebenefitedtalkingwithhim.Hegaveusseveralveryusefultips.

问题1选项

A.This

B.turnedout

C.goodcompany

D.benefitedtalkingwithhim

E.没有错误

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。介词遗漏。在benefited后加上from。Benefit为不及物动词,常后面接from，表示“受益于…”。

12.单选题

Toensureitssustainedprogressineconomy,thegovernmenthas（

）aseriesofpolicies.

问题1选项

A.reserved

B.issued

C.delivered

D.expressed

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项reserve“预定”；B选项issue“发行”；C选项deliver“交付”；D选项express“表达”。

句意：为保证经济的持续发展，政府出台了一系列政策。选项B更符合语境，所以正确。

13.单选题

Somepeopleviewlifeasa(n)（

）conflictbetweentheforcesofgoodandevil.

问题1选项

A.external

B.internal

C.maternal

D.eternal

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析题。根据句意‘一些人把生活看作是正义力量与恶势力之间的一种外部冲突。’可知是将生活看作是一种外部冲突。A选项external“外部的，外部”;B选项internal“内部的”；C选项maternal“母性的”；D选项eternal“永恒的”。A选项正确。

14.单选题

Thewaterswererisingabouttherockandwouldsoon（

）it.

问题1选项

A.flood

B.submerge

C.underrate

D.yield

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。flood意为“淹没，泛滥”，指淹没大片区域；submerge意为“浸没，淹没”，指淹没某个物体；underrate意为“过低评价，低估”；yield意为“屈服，投降”。

句意：水在岩石周围上升，很快就会淹没它。

15.单选题

RecombinantDNAtechnologyallowsscientiststocutsegmentsofDNAfromonetypeoforganismandcombinethemwiththegenesofasecondorganism.AlsocalledgeneticengineeringrecombinantDNAtechnologyisamethodbywhichrelativelysimpleorganisms,suchasbacteriaoryeast,orevenmammaliancellsinculture,canbeinducedtomakequantitiesofhumanproteins,includinginterferonsorgrowtobaccoplantsthatproducemonoclonalantibodies,andgoatsthatsecreteaclot-dissolvingheartattackdrug,tissueplasminogenactivator(TPA),intheirmilk.

AnotherfacetofrecombinantDNAtechnologyinvolvesgenetherapy.Thegoalofthistherapyistoreplacedefectivegenes,ortoendowacellwithnewcapabilities.In1989,thefeasibilityandsafetyofgenetransferwasdemonstratedwhentumor-infiltratinglymphocytes(TILS)wereextractedfromapatient,equippedwithamarkergene(sotheycouldbetrackedandmonitored),andthenre-injectedintopatientswithadvancedcancer.TodeliverthegeneintotheTILS,thescientistsusedavirus,exploitingitsnaturaltendencytoinvadecells,beforebeingusedasavector,theviruswasalteredsothatitcouldnotreproduceorcausedisease.Thisexperimentdemonstratedthatgene-modifiedcellscouldsurviveforlongperiodsinthebloodstreamandintumordepositswithoutharmtothepatient.

Theearliestattemptstousegenestherapeuticallyfocusedonaformofseverecombinedimmunodeficiencydisease(SCID),whichiscausedbythelackofanenzymeduetoasingleabnormalgene.Thegeneforthisenzyme-adenosinedeaminase(ADA)—isdeliveredintothepatient'sTcellsbyamodifiedretrovirus.WhenthevirussplicesitsgenesintothoseoftheTcells,itsimultaneouslyintroducesthegeneforthemissingenzyme.AfterthetreatedTcellsbegintoproducethemissingenzyme,theyareinjectedbackintothepatient.

Genetherapyisnowbeingusedwithsomecancerpatients.TILSreinforcedwithagenefortheantitumorcytokineknownastumornecrosisfactor(TNF)havebeenadministeredtopatientswithadvancedmelanoma,adeadlyformofskincancer.Plansareunderwaytoengineeracancer“vaccine”designedtoimproveanticancerimmuneresponsesbytakingsmallbitsoftumorfrompatientswithcancer,outfittingthetumorcellswithgenesforimmunecellactivatingcytokinessuchasLL2,andre-injectingthesegene-modifiedtumorsintothepatient.Whilethethoughtofreintroducingacanceroustumorintoapatientseemssomewhatfrightening,theenhancedimmuneresponsetriggeredbythistechniquemayhelppreventtherecurrenceofcancer.

1.WhatinnatecharacteristicofvirusesdidresearcherstakeadvantageofinordertotransportgenesintoTILS?

2.Accordingtothepassage,SCIDiscausedby（

）.

3.Whymightcancerpatientsbeleeryoftheprospectofacancer“vaccine”asdiscussedinthispassage?

4.Adenosinedeaminase(ADA)istransferredintotheTcellsofapatientviawhichofthefollowing?

问题1选项

A.protectiveproteincoat

B.affinityforinvadingcells

C.non-cellularconsistency

D.abilitytoproduceDNAfromRNA

问题2选项

A.anoverabundanceofmonoclonalantibodies

B.anoverabundanceoftumornecrosisfactor

C.alackoftumornecrosisfactor

D.alackofadenosinedeaminase

问题3选项

A.Vaccinerecipientswillbere-injectedwithcancerousmaterial

B.Thevaccineisderivedfromthetobaccoplant.

C.Thesafetyofgenetictransferhasnotyetbeenproven.

D.Geneticmaterialfromthevectorcouldinvadethevaccinerecipient’sbloodstream.

问题4选项

A.markergene

B.TILS

C.interferon

D.modifiedretrovirus

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目提问‘研究人员利用病毒的什么固有特性来将基因导入TILS?’根据文章第二段第四句的“TodeliverthegeneintotheTILS,thescientistsusedavirus,exploitingitsnaturaltendencytoinvadecells.为了将这种基因导入TILS，科学家们使用了一种病毒，利用它入侵细胞的自然倾向。”确定B选项‘入侵细胞的倾向’正确。

2.题目提问‘根据文章，SCID是由……导致的。’根据第三段第一句与第二句中的“aformofseverecombinedimmunodeficiencydisease（SCID）,whichiscausedbythelackofanenzymeduetoasingleabnormalgene.Thegeneforthisenzyme-adenosinedeaminase（ADA）—isdeliveredintothepatient’sTcellsbyamodifiedretrovirus.一种严重的联合免疫缺陷病(SCID)，由单个异常基因引起的酶缺乏引起。这种酶的基因——腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)——通过一种改良的逆转录病毒进入病人的T细胞”中的lackof可以排除A选项‘单克隆抗体过量’、B选项‘肿瘤坏死因子过多’和C选项‘缺乏肿瘤坏死因子’。从第一句与第二句的前后关系及this这个词知道第一句的enzyme就是指第二句的enzyme-adenosinedeaminase（ADA），所以D选项‘缺乏腺哲脱氨酶’正确。

3.题目提问‘为什么癌症患者会对这篇文章中所讨论的癌症“疫苗”的前景持怀疑态度?’根据最后一段最后一句中的“Whilethethoughtofreintroducingacanceroustumorintoapatientseemssomewhatfrightening,尽管将恶性肿瘤细胞重新植入患者体内的想法似乎有点吓人”推知A选项‘疫苗接种者将被重新注入癌物质’正确。B选项‘疫苗是来自烟草植物’和D选项‘载体中的遗传物质可以入侵疫苗接受者的血液’在文章中没有提及，排除；C选项‘基因转移的安全性尚未得到证实’与文中第二第三句中的“In1989,thefeasibilityandsafetyofgenetransferwasdemonstrated.在1989年，基因转移的可行性与安全性己经得到证明。”互相矛盾，排除。

4.题目提问‘ADA通过下列哪一种途径转移到患者的T细胞中?’根据文章第三段第二句“Thegeneforthisenzyme-adenosinedeaminase（ADA）—isdeliveredintothepatient'sTcellsbyamodifiedretrovirus.这种酶的基因ADA通过一种改良的逆转录病毒进入病人的T细胞。”确定D选项‘modifiedretrovirus经过修改的逆转录酶病毒’正确。

16.单选题

Thegovernmentwilltakesomeactionto（）thetwobigquarrelingcompanies.

问题1选项

A.jigsaw

B.jot

C.impulse

D.reconcile

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。jigsaw用锯锯；jot匆匆记下；impulse推动;reconcile调和。句意:政府将采取措施这两家起争执的大公司。因此D项符合句意。

17.单选题

Whichsporthasthemostexpenses_______trainingequipment,players'personalequipmentanduniforms?

问题1选项

A.inplaceof

B.bywayof

C.intermsof

D.bymeansof

【答案】C

【解析】inplaceof代替;bywayof经由;intermsof依据,按照,在……方面;bymeansof通过,依靠。句意：哪项运动在训练器材、运动员个人装备和队服等方面的开销最大?选项C符合句意。

18.单选题

Amisconceptionfrequentlyheldbynovicewritersisthatsentencestructuremirrorsthought:themoreconvolutedthestructure,themore（）theideas.

问题1选项

A.complicated

B.inconsequential

C.fanciful

D.blatant

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词同义辨析。A选项complicated“难懂的，复杂的”；B选项inconsequential“不重要的；不合理的；不合逻辑的”；C选项fanciful“想象的；稀奇的”；D选项blatant“喧嚣的；公然的；炫耀的；俗丽的”。句意：新手作家时常拥有的一个错误想法是句子结构反映想法，即结构越复杂，那么想法也就越复杂。根据句意判断出A选项正确。

19.单选题

Hillslopeswereclearedofforeststomakewayforcrops,whichnowonly（

）thecrisis.

问题1选项

A.accelerates

B.prevails

C.ascends

D.precedes

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Accelerate“加速，促进”；prevail“流行，占上风”；ascend“上升”；precede“领先”。根据句意“山坡上的树木因为要种庄稼而被砍伐”，因而加速了这个危机。选项A符合题意。

20.单选题

Wewerepleasedtonotethattheearlymorningdeliverydidn’t（

）tothetrafficjamofthebusycity.

问题1选项

A.aid

B.amount

C.add

D.attribute

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项aid“资助，援助，帮助”；B选项amount“总计，等于”；C选项add“增加，添加，计算……总和”；D选项attribute“把……归因于，被认为是……创作的”。句意：我们很高兴地注意到，早晨送货没有加剧这个繁华城市的交通拥挤。故C选项正确。

21.填空题

Shecouldn'tbuythebookanywhere.（1）ofthebookstoresinBeijinghadanycopies（2）.Theyhadallbeensoldassoonastheywereputontheshelves.

【答案】1.None

2.since

【解析】1.语义题。noneof‘没有...。

2.逻辑分析。Since因为，由于。

22.单选题

Forme,scientificknowledgeisdividedintomathematicalsciences,naturalsciencesorsciencesdealingwiththenaturalworld(physicalandbiologicalsciences),andsciencesdealingwithmankind(psychology,sociology,allthesciencesofculturalachievements,everykindofhistoricalknowledge).Apartfromthesesciencesinphilosophy,aboutwhichwewilltalkshortly.

Inthefirstplace,allthisispureortheoriticalknowledge,soughtonlyforthepurposeofunderstanding,inordertofulfilltheneedtounderstandwhatisessentialandsubstantialtoman.Whatdistinguishesmanfromanimalisthatheknowsandneedstoknow.Ifmandidnotknowthattheworldexisted.andtheworldwasofacertainkind.thathewasintheworldandthathehimselfwasacertainkind,hewouldn'tbeman.Thetechnicalaspectsofapplicationsofknowledgeareequallynecessaryformanandareofthegreatestimportance,becausetheyalsocontributetodefininghimasmanandpermithimtopursuealifeincreasinglymoretrulyhuman.

Butevenwhileenjoyingtheresultsoftechnicalprogress,hemustdefendtheprimacyandindependenceofpureknowledge.Knowledgesoughtdirectlyforitspracticalapplicationswillhaveimmediateandforeseeablesuccess,butnotthekindofimportantresultwhoserevolutionaryscopeisinlargepartunforeseen,exceptbytheimaginationoftheUtopians.Letmerecallawell-knownexample.IftheGreekmathematicianshadnotappliedthemselvestotheinvestigationofconicsections,zealouslyandwithouttheleastsuspicionthatitsomedaybeuseful,itwouldnothavebeenpossiblecenturieslatertonavigatefarfromshore.Thefirstmentostudythenatureofelectricitycouldnotimaginethattheirexperiments,carriedonbecauseofmereintellectualcuriosity,wouldeventuallyleadtomodemelectricaltechnology,withoutwhichwecanscarcelyconceiveofcontemporarylife.Pureknowledgeisvaluableforitsownsake,becausethehumanspiritcannotresignitselftoignorance.But,inaddition,itisthefoundationforpracticalresultsthatwouldnothavebeenreachedifthisknowledgehadnotbeensoughtdisinterestedly.

1.Intheauthorsopinion,（）.

2.Themostimportantadvancesmadebymancomefrom（）.

3.TheGreekswhostudiedconicsections（）.

4.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmansneedtoknowischieflyimportantinthatit（）.

问题1选项

A.bothsocialandnaturalsciencesareaimedatunderstandingonly

B.bothpureknowledgeanditsapplicationsareequallyessentialtoman

C.philosophyistotallyindependentofthesciencesreferredtointhetext

D.therevolutionaryresultsofpuresciencecanhardlybeimaginedbyUtopians

问题2选项

A.technicalapplications

B.apparentlyuselessinformation

C.thenaturalsciences

D.thestudyofphilosophy

问题3选项

A.inventedmodernmathematicalapplications

B.wereinterestedinnavigations

C.wereunawareofthevalueoftheirstudies

D.wereforcedtoresignthemselvestofailure

问题4选项

A.TheImportanceofTechnicalProgress

B.ALittleLearningIsaDangerousThing

C.LearningForItsOwnSake

D.MansDistinguishingCharacteristics

问题5选项

A.allowsthehumanracetoprogresstechnically

B.comprisesboththephysicalandsocialsciences

C.demonstrateshumanadaptability

D.defineshisessentialhumanity

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据第二段的第一句“allthisis...substantialtoman.”可知选项A错误,社会和自然科学的纯理论的目的在于理解,但不是科学本身；根据第二段的最后一句“Thetechnicalaspects...areofthegreatestimportance,”可知选项B正确；根据第一段的最后一句“Apartfromthesesciencesinphilosophyaboutwhichwewilltalkshortly.”选项C说哲学完全独立于文中提到的科学是不正确的,apartfrom指除...之外,还有...,所以哲学本身也是科学,所以选项C错误；根据第三段“butnotthe...exceptbytheimaginationoftheUtopians.”可知选项D刚好与原文描述的相反,所以错误。

2.根据第三段的第二句“Knowledge...inlargepartunforeseen”追求直接用于应用的知识会带来立即的可预见的成功,但却不是那种重大的成功,也就是说人类最重要的成功还是来自于技术的应用。因此,选项A为正确答案。

3.根据第三段“IftheGreekmathematicianshadnotappliedthemselvestotheinvestigationofconicsections,zealouslyandwithouttheleastsuspicionthatitsomedaybeuseful,itwouldnothavebeenpossiblecenturieslatertonavigatefarfromshore.”可知希腊数学家们没有意识到他们研究的价值。选项C符合原文。

4.根据第三段的最后两句“Pureknowledgeisvaluableforitsownsake,...soughtdisinterestedly.”,选项C符合原文主旨。

5.根据第三段的最后一句“itisthefoundationforpracticalresultsthatwouldnothavebeenreachedifthisknowledgehadnotbeensoughtdisinterestedly.”如果人类没有无私的追求这些理论知识,就没有取得实际成果的基础,所以选项A符合原文。

23.单选题

Diamondshavelittle（）valueandtheirpricedependsalmostentirelyontheirscarcity.

问题1选项

A.extinct

B.permanent

C.surplus

D.intrinsic

【答案】D

【解析】extinct灭绝的,绝种的,破灭的;permanent永久的;surplus过剩的,多余的;intrinsic内在的。句意：钻石本身没有什么价值,它昂贵的价格主要是因为其稀缺性。

24.单选题

Thereisawidespreadbeliefthattheemergenceofgiantindustrieshasbeenaccompaniedbyanequivalentsurgeinindustrialresearch.Arecentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.Whileindustriallaboratoriescontributedsuchimportantproductsasnylonandtransistors,independentinventorsdevelopedairconditioning,theautomatictransmission,thejetengine,thehelicopter,insulin,andstreptomycin.Stillotherinventionsweredevelopedthroughthecombinedeffortsofindividualsandlaboratoryteams.

Despitethesefindings,weareurgedtosupportmonopolypoweronthegroundthatsuchpowercreatesanenvironmentsupportiveofinnovation.Wearetoldthattheindependentinventor,alongwiththesmallfirm,cannotaffordtoundertaketheimportantresearchneededtoimproveourstandardoflivingwhileprotectingourdiminishingresources;thatonlythehugeassetsofthegiantcorporationorconglomeratecanaffordthekindofexpendituresthatcanproducethetechnologicaladvancesvitaltoeconomicprogress.Butwhenweexamineexpendituresforresearch,wefindthatmorethanhalfofthisgovernmentexpenditureisfunneledintomilitaryresearchandproductdevelopment.Therearethosewhoconsideritquestionablethatthesedefense-linkedresearchprojectswillaccountforanimprovementinthestandardoflivingordomuchtoprotectourdiminishingresources.

Recenthistoryhasdemonstratedthatwemayhavetoalterourlong-standingconceptionoftheprocessdrivenforwardbycompetition.Thepricevariableonceperceivedasthedominantaspectofthecompetitiveprocessisnowsubordinatetothecompetitionofthenewproduct,thenewbusinessstructure,andthenewtechnology.Whileitcanbeassumedthatinahighlycompetitiveindustrynotdominatedbyasinglecorporation,investmentininnovation—ariskyandexpensivebudgetitem—mightmeetresistancefrommanagementandstockholderswhomightbemoreconcernedwithcost-cutting,efficientorganization,andlargeadvertisingbudgets,itwouldbeashockingerrortoassumethatthemonopolisticproducershouldbeequatedwithbountifulexpendituresforresearch.Large-scaleenterprisestendtooperatemorecomfortablyinstableandsecurecircumstances,andtheirmanagerialbureaucraciestendtopromotethestatusandresistthethreatimpliedinchange.Furthermore,thefirmwithasmallshareofthemarketwillaggressivelypursuenewtechniquesanddifferentproducts,sincewithlittleinterestincapitalequipmentorplantitisnotdeterredfrominvestmentininnovation.Insomecaseswhereinter-industrycompetitionisreducedorevenentirelyeliminated,theindustrialgiantsmayseektoavoidcapitallossbydeliberatelypreventingtechnologicalprogress.

Theconglomeratesarenot,however,completelyexemptfromstrongcompetitivepressures;thereareinstancesinwhichthey,too,mustcompete,asagainstanotherindustrialleviathan,andthentheirweaponsmayincludelargeexpendituresoninnovation.

36.AccordingtoParagraph1,importantinventionsofthe20thcentury_______.

37.FromParagraph2,wecanlearnthat________.

38.Managementandstockholdersmightbeconcernedwithcost-cuttingratherthaninnovationif________.

39.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisimpliedinthetext?

40.Thepurpo