考研考博-英语-商丘职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-商丘职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Adivorceeisthesoleproviderinatypical“singleparent”family.

问题1选项

A.religious

B.spiritual

C.exclusive

D.chief

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析。句意:离婚者是典型的单亲家庭的唯一支撑者。

religious:宗教上的，修道的。spiritual:精神上的。exclusive:唯一的，高级的。chief:主要的。sole:单独的，唯一的。故C项与题意一致。

2.单选题

Theywereinadreadful（）whentheirmoney,ticketsandpassportswerestolenwhiletheywereonholiday.

问题1选项

A.conspiracy

B.plight

C.serenity

D.custody

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项conspiracy“阴谋，共谋，阴谋集团”；B选项plight“困境，境况，誓约”；C选项serenity“平静，宁静”；D选项custody“保管，监护”。句意：他们度假时钱、机票和护照被盗，陷入了可怕的_____。根据逻辑可知，在度假时丢失了财务，肯定是陷入了困境，因此B选项符合题意。

3.翻译题

我们的大多数感觉都是被动式的。以听觉和视觉为例，我们只是简单地接受和分析声音或光线。然而，触觉则有所不同：我们用双手主动地去探索和改变现实，因此我们在采集信息时的活动同样也可以改变世界…例如用一块粘土塑模或按动某个按钮。在提供人与人之间的直接接触中，触觉传递情感冲击；在提供人与世界的直接接触中，触觉成为现实的确切标志，正如：“掐我一下我是在做梦吗？”

【答案】Mostoursensesarepassive.Takinghearingandvisionasanexample,weonlysimplyreceiveandanalyzethesoundandlight.Touch,however,isdifferent.Weexploreandchangerealitywithourhandsvoluntarilyandthereforewecanalsochangetheworldwhilecollectinginformation,suchasmakingamodelwithclayorpressingabutton.Asameansofdirectcontactbetweenpeople,touchtransmitsemotionaleffect;inthedirectcontactbetweenmanandtheworld,touchbecomesasignofreality,suchas“pleasepinchme,amIdreaming?”

4.不定项选择题

Adulteducationisthepracticeofteachingandeducatingadults.Thisisoftendoneintheworkplace,or_1_“continuingeducation”coursesatsecondaryschools,oratacollegeoruniversity.

Educatingadultsdiffersfromeducating_2_inseveralways.Oneofthemostimportant_3_isthatadultshavegainedknowledgeandexperienceswhichcan_4_addvaluetoalearningexperienceorinterferewithit.

Anotherimportantdifferenceisthatadultsmustfrequentlyapplytheirknowledgeinsome_5_fashioninordertolearneffectively;theremustbea_6_andareasonableexpectationthatthenewknowledgewillhelpthemfurtherthatgoal.Oneexample,_7_inthe1990s,wasthespreadofcomputertrainingcoursesin_8_adults,mostofthemofficeworkers,couldenroll.Thesecoursewouldteachbasicuseoftheoperatingsystemor_9_applicationsoftware.BecausetheskillsrequiredtointeractwithaPCweresonew,manypeoplewhohadbeenworkingwhite-collarjobsfortenyearsormoreeventuallytooksuchtrainingcourses,eitheroftheirownwill,togaincomputerskillsandthusearnhigherpay,or_10_oftheirbosses.

问题1选项

A.by

B.from

C.on

D.through

问题2选项

A.children

B.students

C.workers

D.employees

问题3选项

A.signs

B.features

C.differences

D.practices

问题4选项

A.either

B.neither

C.both

D.so

问题5选项

A.probable

B.practical

C.modern

D.routine

问题6选项

A.plan

B.prospect

C.goal

D.possibility

问题7选项

A.normal

B.common

C.regular

D.profitable

问题8选项

A.that

B.which

C.those

D.whose

问题9选项

A.specific

B.special

C.spectacled

D.spectacular

问题10选项

A.withthecost

B.inthecase

C.forthesake

D.attherequest

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

第6题:C

第7题:B

第8题:B

第9题:A

第10题:D

【解析】第1题:考查介词辨析。句意：这通常是在工作中完成，或（）初中，大学的“继续教育”课程中完成。根据文章句意，可以把B选项from和C选项排除；A选项by和D选项through虽然都有“凭借、通过”的意思，但by表示方式、手段或借助某种工具，through侧重经历某过程。因此答案选A。

第2题:考查上下文语义。A选项“孩子”；B选项“学生”；C选项“工人”；D选项“员工”。句意：成人教育在几个方面不同于（）教育。这句话的主语是adult（成人），与adult对应的是children，所以答案选A。

第3题:考查上下文语义。A选项“信号”；B选项“特征”；C选项“不同”；D选项“实践，惯例”。上文中说到Educatingadultsdiffersfromeducating()inseveralways.（成人教育在几个方面不同于（）教育）从关键词differsfrom（不同）可知，此空格选C。

第4题:考查固定搭配。句意：这可以（）增加价值的学习经验或干扰它。whichcan()addvaluetoalearningexperienceorinterferewithit.A选项either“两者中的任何一个”；B选项neither“两者都不”；C选项both“都”；D选项so“如此”。这句话后面有个连接词or，而能和or搭配的只有either，所以答案选A。

第5题:考查上下文语义。A选项“很可能”；B选项“实际上”；C选项“现代的”；D选项“常规的”。句意：另一个重要的区别是为了学得有效率，成年人必须经常把这些知识运用在（）方面上。根据句意B选项最合适。

第6题:考查上下文语义。A选项“计划”；B选项prospect“预期”；C选项“目标”；D选项“可能性”。句意：必须有一个（）以及一个合理的期望能够让新知识帮助他们进一步实现这个目标。本句中空格后一句出现了thatgoal，that在这是特指代词，指文章中出现过的一个目标，但是前文中没有出现goal或者其同义词，所以答案选C。

第7题:考查形容词辨析。A选项“典型的；正常的；一般的”；B选项“常见的；通常的；普遍的”；C选项“有规律的，经常的”；D选项“有利可图的”。句意：有个例子，（）20世纪90年代，就是电脑的流行……。根据句意，文章要表达的意思是在1990年成人电脑课程很流行。因为流行所以报班的现象会很普遍，所以答案选B。选A选项的话会暗含一种成人报电脑班在1990年很正常，但是现在就不那么正常了的意思。

第8题:考查定语从句关系词。句意：在20世纪90年代，很普遍的一个例子是计算机培训课程流行于成年中，这些成年人大多数是办公室职员可以参加这种课程。整个句子中有两套主谓结构，即examples+wasthespreadof和adults+enroll，两个句子没有连词，所以我们知道这题考查的知识点是从句，而且是定语从句。those不能引导从句，所以排除C；在定语从句中，关系代词前面有介词时我们不能用that只能用which，而whose前面也不能放介词，所以答案选B选项which。

第9题:考查名词辨析。A选项“特定的”；B选项“特殊的”；C选项“戴了眼镜的”；D选项“壮观的”。Thesecoursewouldteachbasicuseoftheoperatingsystemor()applicationsoftware.（这些课程将教授基础的操作系统的使用或（）应用软件的基本用法）。根据句子意思排除C，D选项，而且根据空格前面的关键词basic，可以推测后面应该用basic的对应词是specific，而不是special，所以答案选A。

第10题:考查短语辨析。A选项withthecost没有这种搭配；B选项“至于，在……的情况下”；C选项“为了……的利益”；D选项“应……的要求”。句意：要么就是为了自己想要学习电脑技能或者取得更高报酬的愿望，要么就是他们老板的（）。根据句意C，D排除；本句表示因为什么原因上班族想要上电脑班，为了老板的利益去报班和在老板的要求下去报班之间，显然是后者更符合逻辑，所以答案选D。

5.单选题

Thelegalownershipofthegoods______theselleruntilthefinalpaymenthasbeenmade.

问题1选项

A.relieson

B.consists

C.remainswith

D.fallsinto

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项relyon“依靠；依赖；凭借；信赖”；B选项consists“包括；组成；由；在于”；C选项remainwith“属于；在；翻译；取决于”；D选项fallinto“落入；陷入；陷于；河流注入”。句意：在付清全部货款之前，货物的所有权属于卖方。因此C选项正确。

6.单选题

Theinterestsoftheconsumershouldbeparamount.

问题1选项

A.supreme

B.unbending

C.superfluous

D.tangible

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.supreme最高的，至高的B.unbending坚定的，不易弯曲的，冷漠的

C.superfluous多余的，不必要的D.tangible有形的，切实的，可触摸的

【答案】A

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】由关键信息Theinterestsoftheconsumer（消费者的利益）可推测，paramount的意思是“第一位的，首位的”，A选项词义与划线单词含义最为接近，故本题正确答案为A选项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项与划线单词的意思不符合。

【句意】消费者的利益应放在首位。

7.单选题

Asahistorianwho'salwayssearchingforthetextortheimagethatmakesusre-evaluatethepast,I'vebecomepreoccupiedwithlookingforphotographsthatshowourVictorianancestorssmiling(whatbetterwaytoshattertheimageof19th-centuryprudery?).I’vefoundquiteafew,and–sinceIstartedpostingthemonTwitter–theyhavebeencausingquiteastir.PeoplehavebeensurprisedtoseeevidencethatVictorianshadfunandcould,anddid,laugh.TheyarenotingthattheVictorianssuddenlyseemtobecomemorehumanasthehundred-or-soyearsthatseparateusfadeawaythroughourcommonexperienceoflaughter.

Ofcourse,Ineedtoconcedethatmycollectionof"SmilingVictorians"makesuponlyatinypercentageofthevastcatalogueofphotographicportraiturecreatedbetween1840and1900,themajorityofwhichshowsittersposingmiserablyandstifflyinfrontofpaintedbackdrops,orstaringabsentlyintothemiddledistance.Howdoweexplainthistrend?

Duringthe1840sand1850s,intheearlydaysofphotography,exposuretimeswerenotoriouslylong:thedaguerreotypephotographicmethod(producinganimageonasilveredcopperplate)couldtakeseveralminutestocomplete,resultinginblurredimagesassittersshiftedpositionoradjustedtheirlimbs.Thethoughtofholdingafixedgrinasthecameraperformeditsmagicaldutieswastoomuchtocontemplate,andsoanon-committalblankstarebecamethenorm.

Butexposuretimesweremuchquickerbythe1880s,andtheintroductionoftheBoxBrownieandotherportablecamerasmeantthat,thoughslowbytoday'sdigitalstandards,theexposurewasalmostinstantaneous.Spontaneoussmileswererelativelyeasytocapturebythe1890s,sowemustlookelsewhereforanexplanationofwhyVictoriansstillhesitatedtosmile.

Oneexplanationmightbethelossofdignitydisplayedthroughacheesygrin.“Naturegaveuslipstoconcealourteeth,”ranonepopularVictoriansaying,alludingtothefactthatbeforethebirthofproperdentistry,mouthswereofteninashockingstateofhygiene.Aflashingsetofhealthyandclean,regular"pearlywhites"wasararesightinVictoriansociety,thepreserveofthesuper-rich(andeventhen,dentalhygienewasnotguaranteed).

Atoothygrin(especiallywhenthereweregapsorblackenedteeth)lackedclass:drunks,tramps,andmusichallperformersmightgurnandgrinwithasmileaswideasLewisCarroll'sgum-exposingCheshireCat,butitwasnotabecominglookforproperlybredpersons.EvenMarkTwain,amanwhoenjoyedaheartylaugh,saidthatwhenitcametophotographicportraitstherecouldbe“nothingmoredamningthanasilly,foolishsmilefixedforever”.

1.Accordingtoparagraph1,theauthor'spostsonTwitter（

）.

2.WhatdoesauthorsayabouttheVictorianportraitshehascollected?

3.WhatmighthavekepttheVictoriansfromsmilingforpicturesinthe1890s?

4.MarkTwainisquotedtoshowthatthedisapprovalofsmilesinpictureswas（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoesthetextanswer?

问题1选项

A.changedpeople'simpressionoftheVictorians

B.highlightedsocialmedia'sroleinVictorianstudies

C.re-evaluatedtheVictoriansnotionofpublicimage

D.illustratedthedevelopmentofVictorianphotography

问题2选项

A.Theyareinpopularuseamonghistorians.

B.Theyarerareamongphotographsofthatage.

C.Theymirror19th-centurysocialconventions.

D.Theyshoweffectsofdifferentexposuretimes.

问题3选项

A.Theirinherentsocialsensitiveness.

B.Theirtensionbeforethecamera.

C.Theirdistrustofnewinventions.

D.Theirunhealthydentalcondition.

问题4选项

A.adeep-rootbelief

B.amisguidedattitude

C.acontroversialview

D.athought-provokingidea

问题5选项

A.WhydidmostVictorianslooksterninphotographs.

B.WhydidtheVictoriansstarttoviewphotographs.

C.WhatmadephotographydevelopslowlyintheVictorianperiod.

D.Howdidsmilinginphotographsbecomeapost-Victoriannorm.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

8.单选题

Hetoldanyonewhowouldlistenhowhisbrilliantdaughterhadbeenacceptedbythemost（

）universitiesinthecity.

问题1选项

A.precious

B.prescriptive

C.prestigious

D.presumptuous

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析。句意:他告诉所有愿意听他聪明的女儿己经被最有名的大学录取。

Precious珍贵的。prescriptive规定的，规范的；指定的。prestigious有名望的；享有声望的presumptuous专横的；放肆的；冒昧的。

9.单选题

Noonewouldhavetimetoreadorlistentoanaccountofeverything（

）goingonintheworld.

问题1选项

A.itis

B.asis

C.thereis

D.whatis

【答案】C

【解析】语法题。根据句子结构，可知“……goingonintheworld”为定语从句修饰先行词everything，且关系代词that可省，所以选用therebe句型，表示“世界上正在发生的”。句意：没有人有时间去读或去听关于这个世界正在发生的所有事情

10.单选题

Clothesplayacriticalroleintheconclusionswereachbyprovidingcluestowhopeopleare,whotheyarenot,andwhotheywouldliketobe.Theytellusagooddealaboutthewearer’sbackground,personality,status,moodandsocialoutlook.

Sinceclothesaresuchanimportantsourceofsocialinformation,weusethemtomanipulatepeople’simpressionofus.Ourappearanceassumesparticularsignificanceintheinitialphasesofinteractionthatislikelytooccur.Anelderlymiddle-classmanorwomanmaybealienatedbyayoungadultwhoisdressedinanunconventionalmanner,regardlessoftheperson’seducation,background,orinterests.

Peopletendtoagreeonwhatcertaintypesofclothesmean.Adolescentgirlscaneasilyagreeonthelifestylesofgirlswhowearcertainoutfit,includingthenumberofboyfriendstheylikelyhavehadandwhethertheysmokeordrink.Newscasters,ortheannouncerswhoreadthenewsonTV,areconsideredtobemoreconvincing,honest,andcompetentwhentheyaredressedconservatively.Andcollegestudentswhoviewthemselvesastakinganactiveroleintheirinterpersonalrelationshipssaytheyareconcernedaboutthecostumestheymustweartoplaytheserolessuccessfully.Moreover,manyofuscanrelateinstancesinwhichtheclothesweworechangedthewaywefeltaboutourselvesandhowweacted.Perhapsyouhaveusedclothingtogainconfidencewhenyouanticipatedastressfulsituation,suchasajobinterview,oracourtappearance.

Intheworkplace,menhavelonghadwell-definedprecedentsandrolemodelsforachievingsuccess.Ithasbeenotherwiseforwomen.Agoodmanywomeninthebusinessworldareuncertainabouttheappropriatemixtureof“masculine”and“feminine”attributestheyshouldconveybytheirprofessionalclothing.Thevarietyofclothingalternativestowomenhasalsobeengreaterthanthatavailableformen.Maleadministratorstendtojudgewomenmorefavorablyformanagerialpositionswhenthewomendisplayless“feminine”grooming—shorterhair,moderateuseofmake-up,andplaintailoredclothing.Asonemaleadministratorconfessed,“Anattractivewomanisdefinitelygoingtogetalongerinterview,butshewon’tgetajob.”

1.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,anelderlymiddle-classmanandanunconventionallydressedyoungmanmaybeunableto______.

2.Theauthorusesthenewscasters’exampletoillustratetheideathat______.

3.Men’sprofessionalclothingcanbestbedescribedas“______”.

4.Whatcanwomendowiththeirprofessionalclothingaccordingtothepassage?

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.understandeachother’slifestyle

B.sharethesamebackgroundorinterests

C.manipulatetheirimpressiononeachother

D.entertheinitialphaseofapotentialinteraction

问题2选项

A.certainclothinggivespeoplemoreconfidence

B.clotheshavenothingtodowithone’sabilities

C.wetendtostereotypepeoplebytheirclothes

D.competentpeoplearedressedconventionally

问题3选项

A.conventional

B.individualistic

C.out-of-date

D.undiversified

问题4选项

A.Theymustbedressedconservatively.

B.Theydon’thaveanexplicitdressingstyletofollow.

C.Theychooseeithermasculineorfeminineclothing.

D.Theycan’twearunconventionaloutfit.5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

问题5选项

A.DressingandtheEffect.

B.DressingandPersonality.

C.DressingUpAppropriately.

D.DressingandManagement.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据第二段，一个上了年纪的中产阶级的男人和一个穿着非常不合常规的年轻人可能无法……”。第二段提到Sinceclothesaresuchanimportantsourceofsocialinformation,weusethemtomanipulatepeople'simpressionofus.Ourappearanceassumesparticularsignificanceintheinitialphasesofinteractionthatislikelytooccur.（因为衣服是社会信息的一个重要来源，我们用它们来操纵人们对我们的印象。我们的外貌在可能发生的互动的最初阶段具有特殊的意义。），接着就提到了不管一个人的教育、背景或兴趣，一个上了年纪的中产阶级男人或女人可能会被一个穿着不合常规的年轻人疏远；由此可知，造成这种现象的原因就是外貌在可能发生的互动的最初阶段具有特殊的意义，如果穿着风格大相径庭，那么他们就无法进入潜在相互作用的初始阶段，因此，D项“进入潜在相互作用的初始阶段”正确；A项“理解彼此的生活方式”没有提到；B项“有相同的背景或兴趣”，这个不是造成这种现象的结果；C项“操纵他们对彼此的印象”，文中提到的是人们用衣服来操纵他们对彼此的印象，该项不符合题干。因此，该题选择D项正确。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者用新闻广播员的例子来说明……”。第三段第一句提到Peopletendtoagreeonwhatcertaintypesofclothesmean.（人们倾向于对特定类型的衣服的含义达成一致），这是该段的中心句，接着后面举了青春期女孩、新闻广播员和大学生的例子来支持这一观点，所以C项“我们倾向于对人的衣着有成见”符合题意；A项“某些衣服能给人更多的自信”只是其中一个例子；B项“衣服与一个人的能力无关”，该段表达的中心意思是合适的衣服会显得一个人有能力的样子，所以该项不正确；D项“有能力的人穿着传统”顺序翻倒，穿着传统的人会令人看起来能干，该项也不正确。因此，该题选择C项正确。

3.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“男士职业装的最佳描述是……”。第四段提到Intheworkplace,menhavelonghadwell-definedprecedentsandrolemodelsforachievingsuccess…Thevarietyofclothingalternativestowomenhasalsobeengreaterthanthatavailableformen.（在职场中，男性长期以来都有明确的成功先例和榜样……对服饰的选择方面，女性的选择远远多于男性），由此可以推理，男性的职业装应该是模式化，变化少，所以A项“传统”最符合这个描述；B项“个人主义”和C项“过时”不准确；D项“千篇一律”为干扰项，虽然男性的服装变化少，但不代表没变化。因此，该题选择A项正确。

4.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“根据这篇文章，女性可以如何处理她们的职业装？”。第四段第二句指出Agoodmanywomeninthebusinessworldareuncertainabouttheappropriatemixtureof“masculine”and“feminine”attributestheyshouldconveybytheirprofessionalclothing.（商界的许多女性都不确定她们应该通过职业装传达什么样的“男性化”和“女性化”特质），后文举例男性管理者倾向于选择穿着不那么“女性化”的女性担任管理岗位，而一位外表吸引人的女性会获得更长的面试时间但不会获得工作；由此可以判断，女性在职业装方面并没有明确的风格可以去遵循，B项“他们没有明确的着装风格可循”符合题意；A项“他们必须穿着保守”太绝对；C项“他们选择男性或女性的服装”表述不准确；D项“他们不能穿非传统的服装”没有提到。因此，该题选择B项正确。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章最好的标题是什么？”。文章开头讲述的是着装能够给人提供很多的信息，接着就着装的不同影响展开了论述和举例，因此A项“着装和影响”最符合文章的主旨；B项“着装和个性”、C项“适当的打扮”和D项“着装和管理”都比较片面。因此，该题选择A项正确。

11.单选题

ItseemslikeonlyyesterdaythatwewereextollingthevirtuesofsuchsociallyproducedwondersasLinuxandWikipedia.Thesecommunalendeavorsheraldedautopianageofunparalleledaccesstosystemsandinformationatlittleornocost,andconvertedWeb2.0fromamerecollectionoftechnologiestoasystemofliberationandempowerment.

ButtheroadtoUtopiaalltoooftenendsupdetouringthroughthebusinessdistrict,andWeb2.0hasbeennoexception.Byofferingthemeansofproductionfreetotheirusers,otherleviathansites,suchasFacebook,Twitter,andYouTube,havegeneratedenormousamountsofcontentatalmostnoexpense.Evenbetter,thiscontentisagoldminefortargetedadvertising.

OverinUtopia,theworkerswhogeneratedallthosearticles,photos，tweets,andvideoswouldgetacutoftheprofitstheyhelpedtogenerate.Inthebusinessdistrict,however,usersretaintheiramateurstatus,whilethecompaniestheylaborforrakeinbillions.Worse,contributorsdon’tevenownthecontenttheycreate.Thesmallestofthesmallprintinthetermsofuse,whichyoumustagreetoinordertogetanaccount,statesthatthecompanycanuseyourcontentasitseesfit.

ToNicholasCarr,thissmacksofexploitationratherthanemancipation,andhecoinedatermforit:digitalsharecropping.Justlikethefarmlaborersofoldagewhoworkedthelandbutdidn’townit,digitalsharecroppersgrowtheproductthatearnsWeb2.0companiestheirprofits,buttheyrelinquishownership.Heck,eventhemostput-uponsharecropperearnedashareofthecropheworkedsohardtocultivate;today’sdigitalserfsworkontheirprofiles,timelines,andfeedsforfree,withtargetedadstheironly“compensation.”

Tobesure,nooneonthesesitesseestheiruploadingofposts,photos,andvideosas“work.”Butthisadhoccontentcreationisn’tenoughformanycompanies,sonowthey’reoutrightaskingnonemployeestocontribute.Thiswasprecededbycrowdsourcing，whichinvolvesobtaininglabor,products,orcontentfrompeopleoutsidethecompany,particularlyfromalargegroupofcustomersoramateurswhoworkforlittlepay.Agoodexampleisthephenomenonofmicrowork,ashort,simpletaskthatacompanycrowdsourcesforasmallfee,particularlytoworkersintheunderdevelopedworld.

1.LinuxandWikipediaarementionedas（）.

2.FacebookandTwitterhaveproducedinformationatlittlecostby（）.

3.Intheweb2.0businessworld,thecompanies（）.

4.Whatdothedigitalsharecroppersandfarmershaveincommon?

5.InParagraph4，theword“relinquish”isclosestinmeaningto（）.

6.Bycrowdsourcing,companies（）.

问题1选项

A.representativesofoutdatedinformationtechnology

B.examplesofcollectivelyconstructedinformationsystem

C.merecollectionsoftechnologies

D.ThefirstfreeserviceofInternetaccess

问题2选项

A.buildinganidealworldonline

B.attractingmoreonlineadvertising

C.usingtheWeb2technology

D.allowingtheiruserstouploadmaterialswithoutcharge

问题3选项

A.agreetousers’termstoencourageaccountregistration

B.discouragetheirusersfromamateurstatus

C.providetheownershipoftheinformationtousers

D.makemoneyoutofusers’contribution

问题4选项

A.Theyreceivelessthantheydeserve.

B.Theyarepaidtheminimumwage.

C.Theyhaveashareoftheprofittheycreated.

D.Theygetownershipbyhardwork.

问题5选项

A.claim

B.pass

C.abandon

D.transfer

问题6选项

A.uploadenoughcontentfortheirusers

B.getresourcesfromamateurswithlittlemoney

C.attractmoreadvertisingclients

D.providejobopportunitiestotechniciansworldwide

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

第6题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段第一句话提到就在昨天我们还在赞美Linux和维基百科这些社会创造的奇迹（ItseemslikeonlyyesterdaythatwewereextollingthevirtuesofsuchsociallyproducedwondersasLinuxandWikipedia），通过这些奇迹人们可以花费很少甚至不需要花费成本就可以获得信息（unparalleledaccesstosystemsandinformationatlittleornocost），由此可知Linux与Wikipedia也是能够帮助人们获得信息的手段，因此选项B符合题意。

2.判断推理题。文章第二段提到通过向用户提供免费的创造方式，这些网站比如Facebook,Twitter以及YouTube几乎没费任何成本就生产出了海量的内容（Byofferingthemeansofproductionfreetotheirusers,otherleviathansites,suchasFacebook,Twitter,andYouTube,havegeneratedenormousamountsofcontentatalmostnoexpense），由此可知它们之所以能够低成本生产出这么多内容是因为有大量用户帮它们创造，因此选项D符合题意。

3.判断推理题。文章第三段第二句话提到在商业区，用户保持着业余状态，而他们为之努力的企业从中赚取大量金钱（Inthebusinessdistrict,however,usersretaintheiramateurstatus,whilethecompaniestheylaborforrakeinbillions），因此可以推断这些企业是依靠用户赚钱，选项D符合题意。

4.判断推理题。文章第四段第二句提到就像那些在土地上劳作但没有土地所有权的农民一样，数字佃农为公司带来利润，但是也没有所有权（Justlikethefarmlaborersofoldagewhoworkedthelandbutdidn’townit,digitalsharecroppersgrowtheproductthatearnsWeb2.0companiestheirprofits,buttheyrelinquishownership），因此农民与数字佃农的共同之处就在于都付出了很多，但是得到的回报非常少，选项A符合题意。

5.词义题。Relinquish这个词出现在Justlikethefarmlaborersofoldagewhoworkedthelandbutdidn’townit,digitalsharecroppersgrowtheproductthatearnsWeb2.0companiestheirprofits,buttheyrelinquishownership这句话中，该句是将农民与数字佃农做比较，根据句子前后分析可知relinquishownership与didn’townit表达的是同样的意思，因此选项C符合题意。

6.判断推理题。文章最后一段提到众包就是从公司外部获取劳动力、产品或内容，特别是从一大批收入微薄的客户或者业余人员那里获取内容（Thiswasprecededbycrowdsourcing，whichinvolvesobtaininglabor,products,orcontentfrompeopleoutsidethecompany,particularlyfromalargegroupofcustomersoramateurswhoworkforlittlepay），由此可知选项B符合题意。

12.单选题

Animportantfactorindetermininghowwellyouperforminanexaminationisthe（）ofourmind.

问题1选项

A.state

B.case

C.situation

D.circumstance

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。state“情形”；case“情况”；situation“形势”；circumstance“环境，状况”。句意：决定考试好坏的一个重要因素是我们的精神状态。故A项符合题意。

13.单选题

Duringthepreparationofpapersforseminars,Ihadtofacetheconsciousproblemofwritingaboutasystem（）silenceandlinkssuchreticencetoideasof'respect','order',and'discipline'inanall-encompassingpaternalism.

问题1选项

A.whatIknowprefers

B.whichIknowprefers

C.thatIknowpreferring

D.inwhichIknowtoprefer

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。根据题意，空格引导定语从句，先行词为system，由固定搭配inasystem“在系统里”，选项D符合题意。句意：在为研讨会准备论文的过程中，我不得不有意识地描写一个系统，在这个系统里面，我更愿意保持沉默，将这种沉默与“尊重”、“秩序”和“纪律”等概念联系在一起，形成了一种无所不包的家长式作风。选项D符合题意。

14.单选题

Ourshasbecomeasocietyofemployees.AhundredyearsorsoagoonlyoneoutofeveryfiveAmericansatworkwasemployed,i.e.workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonlyoneoutoffiveisnotemployedbutworkingforhimself.Andwhenfiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meantworkingasafactorylaborerorasafarmhand,theemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwithasubstantialformaleducation,holdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiringintellectualandtechnicalskills.Indeed,twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:middle-classandupper-classemployeeshavebeenthefastest-growinggroupsinourworkingpopulation,growingsofastthattheindustrialworker,thatoldestchildoftheIndustrialRevolution,hasbeenlosinginnumericalimportancedespitetheexpansionofindustrialproduction.

Yetyouwillfindlittleifanythingwrittenonwhatitistobeanemployee.Youcanfindagreatdealofverydubiousadviceonhowtogetajoborhowtogetapromotion.Youcanalsofindagooddealofworkinachosenfield,whetheritbethemechanist,tradeorbookkeeping.Everyoneofthesetradesrequiresdifferentskills,setsdifferentstandards,andrequiresadifferentpreparation.Yettheyallhaveemployee-shipincommon.Andincreasingly,especiallyinthelargebusinessoringovernment,employee-shipismoreimportanttosuccessthanthespecialprofessionalknowledgeorskill.Certainlymorepeoplefailbecausetheydonotknowtherequirementsofbeinganemployeeratherthanbecausetheydonotadequatelypossesstheskillsoftheirtrade;thehigheryouclimbtheladder,themoreyougetintoadministrativeorexecutivework,thegreatertheemphasisonabilitytoworkwithintheorganizationratherthanontechnicalabilitiesorprofessionalknowledge.

1.Itisimpliedthatfiftyyearsago（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,withthedevelopmentofmodernindustry,

（

）.

3.Accordingtothewriter,professionalknowledgeorskillis

（

）.

4.Fromthepassageitcanbeseenthatemployee-shiphelpsone（

）.

问题1选项

A.eightypercentofAmericanworkingpeoplewereemployedinfactories

B.twentypercentofintellectualswereemployees

C.thepercentageofintellectualsinthetotalworkforcewasalmostthesameasthatofindustrialworkers

D.thepercentageofintellectualsworkingasemployeeswasnotsolargeasthatofindustrialworkers

问题2选项

A.factorylaborerswillovertakeintellectualemployeesinnumber

B.thereareasmanymiddle-classemployeesasfactorylaborers

C.employershaveattachedgreatimportancetofactorylaborers

D.theproportionoffactorylaborersinthetotalemployeepopulationhasdecreased

问题3选项

A.lessimportantthanawarenessofbeingagoodemployee

B.asimportantastheabilitytodealwithpublicrelations

C.moreimportantthanemployer-employeerelations

D.asimportantastheabilitytoco-operatewithothersintheorganization

问题4选项

A.tobemoresuccessfulinhiscareer

B.tosolvetechnicalproblems

C.tobemorespecializedinhisfield

D.todevelophisprofessionalskill

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由“whenfiftyyearsago“beingemployed”meantworkingasafactorylaborerorasafarmhand,theemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwithasubstantialformaleducation,holdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiringintellectualandtechnicalskills.50年前，“受雇”意味着当工厂工人或农场工人，而今天的雇员越来越多地是受过正规教育的中产阶级，从事需要智力和技术技能的专业或管理工作。”可知50年前受雇人群以工人为主，技术类人才较少。故D项正确。C项原文内容不符，AB项文中未提及。答案D

第2题:细节事实题。由第—段中“middle-classandupper-classemployeeshavebeenthefastest-growinggroupsinourworkingpopulation,growingsofastthattheindustrialworker…hasbeenlosinginnumericalimportancedespitetheexpansionofindustrialproduction.中产阶级和上层阶级雇员一直是我国劳动人口中增长最快的群体，其增长速度如此之快，以至于尽管工业生产在扩大，但工人在数量上的重要性却在下降。”可知知识分子雇员的数量增多，而工业工人的数量减少。故D项正确。

第3题:细节事实题。由第二段中Andincreasingly,especiallyinthelargebusinessoringovernment,employee-shipismoreimportanttosuccessthanthespecialprofessionalknowledgeorskill.越来越多的人，尤其是在大企业或政府部门，员工关系比特殊的专业知识或技能对成功更重要。可知A项“专业技能或知识没有员工关系重要”是对原文的同义转换。故A项正确。

第4题:推理判断题。由第二段中“thehigheryouclimbtheladder,themoreyougetintoadministrativeorexecutivework,thegreatertheemphasisonabilitytoworkwithintheorganizationratherthanontechnicalabilitiesorprofessionalknowledge.你爬得越高，就越会从事行政或执行工作，就越强调在组织内工作的能力，而不是技术能力或专业知识。”可知在公司内部良好的工作关系能使人们的职业生涯更成功。答案A

15.不定项选择题

Farmersinthedevelopingworldhatepricefluctuations.Itmakesithardtoplanahead.Butmostofthemhavelittlechoice:theysellatthepricethemarketsets.FarmersinEurope,theU.S.andJapanareluckier:theyreceivemassivegovernmentsubsidiesintheformofguaranteedpricesordirecthandouts.LastmonthU.S.PresidentBushsigned