考研考博-英语-四川美术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川美术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Rumorsareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningclamsituationinto（）ones.

问题1选项

A.turbulent

B.tragic

C.vulnerable

D.suspicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项turbulent“动荡的，湍流的”；B选项tragic“悲剧的，悲痛的，不幸的”；C选项vulnerable“易碎的，脆弱的”；D选项suspicious“可疑的，怀疑的”。句意：谣言无处不在，散布恐惧，损害名誉，使平静的局面变得_____。根据句子逻辑，这里表达的是“使平静的局面变得动荡”，因此A选项符合题意。

2.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese

Someoldpeoplearetroubledbythefearofdeath.Intheyoungthereisajustificationforthisfeeling.Youngmenwhohavereasontofeartheywillbekilledinabattlemayjustifiablyfeelbitterinthethoughtthattheyhavebeencheatedofthebestthingsthatlifehastooffer.Butinanoldmanwhohasknownhumanjoysandsorrowsandhasdonewhateverworkitwasinhimtodo,thefearofdeathissomewhatignoble.Thebestwaytoovercomeit—soatleastitseemstome―istomakeyourinterestsgraduallywiderandmoreimpersonal,untilbitbybitthewallsoftheegorecede,andyourlifebecomesincreasinglypartoftheuniversallife.Anindividualhumanexistenceshouldbelikeariver—smallatfirst,narrowlycontainedwithinitsbanks,andrushingpassionatelypastrocksandoverwaterfalls.Graduallytherivergrowwider,thebanksrecede,thewatersflowmorequietly,andintheend,withoutanyvisiblebreak,theybecomepartofthesea,andpainlesslylosetheirindividualbeing.

【答案】有些老年人恐惧死亡。要是年轻人这样想.那倒情有可原。那些害怕在战争中阵亡的年轻人，想到自己被生活所欺骗，错失了生命中最美好的东西，感到苦涩理所当然。但对于一个饱尝了人间悲欢离合，实现一生抱负的老人来说，恐惧死亡就有点不光彩了。战胜对死亡的恐惧的最好的方法是——至少对我而言是可行的一一逐步拓宽你的兴趣，并使其不受人际感情的影响，直到自我的围城慢慢地消失，你的生命加快融入到众生之中。一个人应当像一条河流，开始时窄而浅，静静流淌于两岸之中，然后，奔腾冲击于岩石之间，飞流直下于高崖之处。慢慢地，河流越走越宽，河岸逐步退去，水流更显平缓，直到最后，毫无迹象地融入大海，平和地失去了个体的存在。

3.单选题

IamtoldthatProfessorAtkinshasalreadyvisitedthissiteforfivetimessincetheareawasopenedtogeologistsin2007.

问题1选项

A.Iamtold

B.hasalreadyvisited

C.forfivetimes

D.wasopenedtogeologists

E.没有错误

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。opened应改为open,beopento对…开放。

4.单选题

Iamnotcertain（）totake.

问题1选项

A.inrespecttowhichcourses

B.aboutwhichcourses

C.astothechoiceofwhichcourses

D.forwhichcoursesIam

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。becertainabout“对……有把握；确信”。句意：我不确定该选哪些课程。因此B选项正确。

5.单选题

Theideasexpressedinthearthistorian’sbookaremore（

）thanonewouldexpectonthebasisofherrather（

）treatmentofhersubjectintheopeningpages.

问题1选项

A.riguing

B.accessible...recondite

C.hidebound...reactionary

D.insightful...innovative

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。compelling“引人注目的，不可抗拒的”；intriguing“有趣的，迷人的”；accessible“易接近的，可进入的，可理解的”；recondite“深奥的，隐藏的”；hidebound“死板的，保守的，顽固的”；reactionary“保守的，反动的”；insightful“有深刻见解的，富有洞察力的”；innovative“革新的，创新的”。句意：跟她在开篇对主题的深奥表述，对于读者而言，这个艺术史学家书中的观点要容易理解很多。选项B符合题意。

6.单选题

Signsystemsingeneralare______:iconicorconventional.

问题1选项

A.twotypes

B.oftwotypes

C.thetwotypes

D.ofthetwotypes

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法。“beof+名词”可用来说明句子主语在度量，大小，颜色，类别等方面的特征，这类名词有age,size,height,weight,shape,type,kind等，排除A项和C项，D项多了定冠词the,因此B项符合题意。句意：符号系统一般有两种类型：标志性的或传统的。因此B项正确。

7.单选题

In1923theinnovativeRussianfilmmakerDzigaVertovdescribedfilmmakingasaprocessthatleadsviewerstowarda“freshperceptionoftheworld.”Vertov’sdescriptionoffilmmakingshouldapplytofilmsonthesubjectofart.Yetfilmsonarthavenothadapowerfulandpervasiveeffectonthewaywesee.

Publicationsonartflourish,butthesebooksandarticlesdonotnecessarilysucceedinteachingustoseemoredeeplyormoreclearly.Muchwritinginarthistoryadvancesthediscourseinthefieldbutisunlikelytoinformtheeyeofoneunfamiliarwithitspolemics.Films,however,withtheircapacitytopresentmaterialvisuallyandtoreachabroaderaudience,havethepotentialtoenhancevisualliteracy(theabilitytoidentifythedetailsthatcharacterizeaparticularstyle)moreeffectivelythanpublicationscan.Unfortunately,fewofthehundredorsofilmsonartthataremadeeachyearintheUnitedStatesarebroadcastnationallyonprime-timetelevision.

Thefactthatfilmsonartarerarelyseenonprime-timetelevisionmaybeduenotonlytolimitationsondistributionbutalsototheshortcomingsofmanysuchfilms.Someoftheseshortcomingscanbeattributedtothefailureofarthistoriansandfilmmakerstocollaboratecloselyenoughwhenmakingfilmsonart.Theseprofessionalsareable,withintheirrespectivedisciplines,toincreaseourawarenessofvisualforms.Forclosecollaborationtooccur,professionalsineachdisciplineneedtorecognizethatfilmsonartcanbebotheducationalandentertaining,butthiswillrequirecompromiseonbothsides.Afilmmakerwhoiscreatingafilmabouttheworkofanartistshouldnotfollowthestandardssetbyrockvideosandadvertising.Filmmakersneedtoresisttheimpulsetomovethecameraquicklyfromdetailtodetailforfearofboringtheviewer,toframetheimageforthesakeofdramaalone,toadmusicforfearofsilence.Filmmakersareawarethatanartobjectdemandsconcentrationand,atthesametime,areconcernedthatitmaynotbecompellingenough-andsotheyhopetoprovidereliefbyinterposing“real”scenesthatbearonlyatangentialrelationshiptothesubject.Butaworkofartneedstobeexploredonitsownterms.Ontheotherhand,arthistoriansneedtotrustthatonecanindicateandanalyze,notsolelywithwords,butalsobydirectingtheviewer’sgaze.Thespecializedwrittenlanguageofarthistoryneedstoberelinquishedoratleasttemperedforthescreen.Onlyaneffectivecollaborationbetweenfilmmakersandarthistorianscancreatefilmsthatwillenhanceviewers’perceptionsofart.

1.Thepassagesuggeststhatafilmmakerdesiringtoenhanceviewers’perceptionsofartshoulddowhichofthefollowing?

2.TheauthorofthepassagereferstoVertovinthefirstparagraphmostprobablyinorderto

3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthepassage?

4.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

5.Theauthorwouldmostlikelyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutfilmandvisualliteracy?

6.Accordingtothepassage,arthistoriansdesiringtoworkwithfilmmakerstoenhancethepublic’sappreciationofartneedtoacknowledgewhichofthefollowing?

7.Whichofthefollowingwoulddescribetheauthor’smostlikelyreactiontoaclaimthatfilmsonartwouldmoresuccessfullypromotevisualliteracyiftheyfollowedthestandardssetforrockvideos?

问题1选项

A.Relyonthepreciselanguageofarthistorywhendevelopingscriptsforfilmsonart.

B.Relyondramaticnarrativeandmusictosetafilm’stoneandstyle.

C.Recognizethataworkofartbyitselfcanbecompellingenoughtoholdaviewer’sattention.

D.Dependmorestronglyonnarrationinsteadofcameramovementstoguidetheviewer’sgaze.

问题2选项

A.provideanexampleofhowfilmscanbeusedtoinfluenceperceptions

B.presentevidencetosupporttheargumentthatfilmshavebeenusedsuccessfullytoinfluenceviewers’perceptions

C.introducethenotionthatfilmcaninfluencehowviewerssee

D.contrastatraditionalviewoftheusesoffilmwithamoremodemview

问题3选项

A.Anobservationaboutanunsatisfactorysituationisoffered,thereasonsforthesituationarediscussed,andthenwaystochangeitaresuggested.

B.Twoopinionsregardingacontroversialphenomenonarecontrasted,supportingevidenceforeachispresented,andthenthetwoopinionsarereconciled.

C.Criticismofapointofviewisdiscussed,thecriticismisanswered,andthenthecriticismisappliedtoanotherpointofview.

D.Apointofviewisdescribed,evidencesupportingtheviewisprovided,andthenasummaryispresented.

问题4选项

A.discussingwhyfilm’spotentialasamediumforpresentingarttothegeneralpublichasnotbeenfullyrealizedandhowfilmmightbemademoreeffectiveinthisregard

B.discussingtheshortcomingsoffilmsonartandthetechnologicalinnovationsrequiredtoincreasetheimpactoffilmonvisualliteracy

C.discussingtheadvantagesandthedisadvantagesofusingfilmsratherthanpublicationstopresentworksofarttothegeneralpublic

D.presentinginformationtosupporttheviewthatfilmsonartmustfocusmoreoneducationandlessonentertainmentinordertoincreasevisualliteracy.

问题5选项

A.Readingapublicationaboutaworkofartandthenseeingafilmaboutthesameworkisthemosteffectivewaytodevelopvisualliteracy.

B.Anincreaseinaviewer’sawarenessofvisualformswillalsoleadtoanincreasedattentionspan.

C.Filmhasagreatbutnotyetfullyexploitedcapacitytoincreaseviewers’awarenessofvisualforms.

D.Afilmthatfocusesonthedetailsofaworkofartwillhinderthedevelopmentofvisualliteracy.

问题6选项

A.Thearthistorian’sroleinthecreationofafilmonartislikelytobearelativelyminorone.

B.Filmcanusenonverbalmeanstoachievesomeofthesameresultsthataspokenorwrittendiscoursecanachieve.

C.Anin-depthanalysisofaworkofartisnotanappropriatetopicforafilmonart.

D.Althoughsilencemaybeanappropriateback-groundwhenviewingaworkofartinamuseum,itisinappropriateinafilm.

问题7选项

A.Ambivalence

B.Indifference

C.Sympathy

D.Disdain

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

第6题:B

第7题:D

【解析】1.根据文章第三段：Filmmakersareawarethatanartobjectdemandsconcentration.制片人要意识到艺术的目标就是吸引注意力。确定C选项‘承认艺术作品本身有足够的魅力可以吸引观众的注意’正确。A选项‘在创作艺术类电影时，需要精准的艺术史语言’、B选项‘设计电影基调与风格时，需要戏剧性的叙事与音乐’和D选项‘要抓住观众的注意力，更多的依靠的是叙事，而不是移动的镜头’与原文不符，排除。

2.根据文章第一段：...describedfilmmakingasaprocessthatleadsviewerstowarda“freshperceptionoftheworld”.Vertov’sdescriptionoffilmmakingshouldapplytofilmsonthesubjectofart.认为电影制作是一个让观众重新感知世界的过程。托夫影制作的描述是把电影看成是一种艺术。确定C选项‘阐述一个概念：电影是如何影响观众的视觉’正确。A选项‘举个例子说明电影可以影响感知力’、B选项‘为以下论点提供论据：电影已经成功影响了观众的感知力’和D选项‘将对电影作用的传统观点与现代观点进行比较’与原文不符，排除。

3.整个文章是按照先讲问题，再分析原因，最后提出解决办法这一模式行文的，所以A选项‘先提出观察到的令人不满意的现状，再分析原因，最后给出解决方法’正确。B选项‘先提出两个矛盾的观点，再提出各自支持的论据，最后将两个矛盾综合’、C选项‘先批驳一个观点，再反驳回去，然后再批驳另一个观点’和D选项‘先提出一个观点，再给支持该观点的论据，最后总结’不符合原文的写作结构，排除。

4.根据文章第二段：Films...havethepotentialtoenhancevisualliteracymoreeffectivelythanpublicationscan:电影比出版物更具有提高观众视觉认识能力的潜力。第三段：Thefactthatfilmsonartarerarelyseenonprime-timetelevisionmaybeduenotonlytolimitationsondistributionbutalsototheshortcomingsofmanysuchfilms.艺术类电影很少在黄金时段播出，究其原因，一方面是因为分配的限制，另一方面就是许多这类影片本身的不足之处。由确定B选项‘讨论艺术类电影本身的不足之处以及技术创新，要求提高对视觉认识能力的影响力’符合题意。A选项‘讨论电影作为媒体，其向大众传播艺术的潜力没有得到充分发挥的原因，以及电影在这方面或许有着更大的效应’、C选项‘讨论与出版物相比，运用电影这一方式向大众宣传艺术作品的优势与劣势’和D选项‘为以下观点提供论据：艺术类电影为了提高观众的视觉认识能力，把重点放在教育意义上而非娱乐性‘不符合原文，排除。

5.根据文章第三段：Afilmmakerwhoiscreatingafilmabouttheworkofanartistshouldnotfollowthestandardssetbyrockvideosandadvertising.创作艺术类影片的制片人不应当遵循拍摄摇滚影片和广告的标准。Butaworkofartneedstobeexploredonitsownterms.Ontheotherhand,arthistoriansneedtotrustthatonecanindicateandanalyze,notsolelywithwords...艺术作品需要开发出属于自己的特色语言或术语。艺术历史学家也要相信观众有能力去辨析，而不是仅仅依靠言语。确定C选项‘电影在提高观众的视觉形式意识方面，大有潜力可挖’正确。A选项‘阅读有关艺术作品的出版物，然后看一场同类型的电影，这是提高观众视觉认识能力最有效的方法’、B选项‘观众视觉认识能力的扩大将扩大观众注意力的范围’和D选项‘以艺术类作品为题裁的电影将会阻碍视觉认识能力的发展’不符合原文。

6.根据文章第三段：Afilmmakerwhoiscreatingafilmabouttheworkofanartistshouldnotfollowthestandardssetbyrockvideosandadvertising.创作艺术类影片的制片人不应当遵循拍摄摇滚影片和广告的标准。Butaworkofartneedstobeexploredonitsownterms.Ontheotherhand,arthistoriansneedtotrustthatonecanindicateandanalyze,notsolelywithwords...：艺术作品需要开发出属于自己的特色语言或术语。艺术历史学家也要相信观众有能力去辨析，而不是仅仅依靠言语。由此确定B选项‘演讲或书面言语所取得的效果，电影可以通过非言语的方式获得同样的效果‘正确。A选项‘艺术历史学家创作艺术类电影的作用相对降低了’、C选项‘进一步分析艺术类作品不适合成为艺术类电影的主题的原因’和D选项‘在博物馆欣赏艺术作品时，寂静与之最为相村，可是这一点并不适合用在电影中’不符合原文，排除。

7.根据文章第三段：Afilmmakerwhoiscreatingafilmabouttheworkofanartistshouldnotfollowthestandardssetbyrockvideosandadvertising.合作艺术类影片的制片人不应当遵循拍摄摇滚影片和广告的标准。Butaworkofartneedstobeexploredonitsownterms.艺术作品需要开发出属于自己的特色语言或术语。由此得出，如果遵照做了，势必产生相反的效果。所以D选项‘蔑视’符合题意。A选项‘矛盾心理’、B选项‘漠不关心’和C选项‘同情’不符合原文，排除。

8.单选题

InthecaseofFinney,whereanattendantatamentalhospitalcausedthedeathofapatientbyreleasingaflowofboilingwaterintoabath,thetestwaswhetherhewasgrossly（）.

问题1选项

A.negative

B.negligent

C.serenity

D.custody

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项negative“负的，消极的，否定的”；B选项negligent“疏忽的，粗心大意的”；C选项serenity“平静，宁静”；D选项custody“保管，监护，拘留”。句意：在芬尼案中，精神病院的一名护工将沸腾的开水倒入浴缸，导致一名病人死亡，这个是测试他是否严重_____。根据原句逻辑，这个护工导致病人死亡，可见他的工作是有疏忽的，因此B选项符合题意。

9.单选题

Anewtechnologicalprocessmaybeemployedtotapthisabundantsupplydirectly.

问题1选项

A.exploit

B.search

C.produce

D.reserve

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.exploit开采B.search搜索

C.produce生产D.reserve预订；储备

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】tap的主语是一种新工艺，宾语是这一丰富的资源，原词tap“利用，开发，发掘”，A选项exploit“开采”与原词最接近。

【干扰项排除】

B选项search“搜索”，与原词词义不相近；

C选项produce“生产”，不符合原文语义逻辑，生产的宾语一般是产品，而原文的宾语属于原料；

D选项reserve“预订；储备”，与原词词义不相近。

【句意】也许可以采用一种新工艺直接开发这一丰富的资源。

10.单选题

Asoneworkswithcolorinapracticalorexperimentalway,oneisimpressedbytwoapparentlyunrelatedfacts.Colorasseenisamobilechangeablethingdependingtoalargeextentontherelationshipofthecolortoothercolorsseensimultaneously.Itisnotfixedinitsrelationtothedirectstimuluswhichcreatesit.Ontheotherhand,thepropertiesofsurfacesthatgiverisetocolordonotseemtochangegreatlyunderawidevarietyofilluminationcolors,usually(butnotalways)lookingmuchthesameinartificiallightasindaylight.Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobedueinlargeparttothemechanismofcoloradaptationmentionedearlier.

Whentheeyeisfixedonacoloredarea,thereisanimmediatereadjustmentofthesensitivityoftheeyetocolorinandaroundtheareaviewed.Thisreadjustmentdoesnotimmediatelyaffectthecolorseenbutusuallydoesaffectthenextareatowhichthegazeisshifted.Thelongerthetimeofviewing,thehighertheintensity,andthelargerthearea,thegreatertheeffectwillbeintermsofitspersistenceinthesucceedingviewingsituation.AsindicatedbytheworkofWrightandSchouten,itappearsthat,atleastforafirstapproximation,fulladaptationtakesplaceoveraverybrieftimeiftheadaptingsourceismoderately,brightandtheeyehasbeeninrelativedarknessjustpreviously.Asthestimulusisallowedtoact,however,theeffectbecomesmorepersistentinthesensethatittakestheeyelongertoregainitssensitivitytolowerintensities.Thenetresultisthat,iftheeyeissoexposedandthenthegazeistransferredtoanareaoflowerintensity,thelossofsensitivityproducedbythefirstareawillstillbepresentandappearasan“afterimage”superimposedonthesecond.Theeffectnotonlyispresentoverthemutualareacausingthe“localadaptation”butalsospreadswithdecreasingstrengthtoadjoiningareasoftheeyetoproduce“lateraladaptation”.Also,becauseofthepersistenceoftheeffectiftheeyeisshiftedaroundfromoneobjecttoanother,allofwhichareatsimilarbrightnessorhavesimilarcolors,theadaptationwilltendtobecomeuniformoverthewholeeye.

1.Thisselectionisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

2.Whetheracoloredobjectwould,ontwoviewingsseparatedintime,appeartotheviewerassimilarordifferentincolorwoulddependmostlyon（）.

3.Ifaperson'seyehasbeenlookingatanobjectinbrightsunlightforsometime,andthenshiftstoanobjectnotwelllit,wecanexpect（）.

4.Theword"superimpose"(Line12,Paragraph2)hastheclosestmeaningto（）.

5.Thepresentselectionhasapparentlybeenprecededbysomeexplanationof（）.

问题1选项

A.theeye’sadaptationtocolor

B.thepropertiesofcoloredsurfaces

C.thecolorofcolors

D.theeffectofchangesincolorintensity

问题2选项

A.thecolormechanismoftheeyeinuseatthetimeofeachviewing

B.whethertheobjectwasseeninartificialornaturallight

C.whatkindofviewinghadimmediatelyprecededeachoftheviewings

D.theindividual'spoweroflateraladaptation

问题3选项

A.atimelaginthefocusingabilityoftheeye

B.theimmediatelossofthe"afterimage"ofthefirstobject

C.someinabilitytoseecolorsofthelatter-namedobjectsuntillossofsensitivityhasbeenregained

D.theadaptationinthecentralareaoftheeyebutlittleadaptationinthelateralareastothenewintensitylevel

问题4选项

A.putsomethingover

B.forcesomethingtoappear

C.levysomethingupon

D.makesomethingavailable

问题5选项

A.someexperimentwithcolorpigments

B.thenatureofcolor

C.thecolorpropertiesofvarioussurfaces

D.themechanismoftheeye'sadaptationtocolor

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。第一段提出:Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobedueinlargeparttothemechanismofcoloradaptationmentionedearlier(这两种效果在很大程度上都是由于前面提到的颜色适应机制)，后面接着论述了眼睛对颜色的适应。由此可知A项“眼睛对颜色的适应”正确。

第2题:判断推理题。根据题干定位至第二段:Thelongerthetimeofviewing,thehighertheintensity,andthelargerthearea,thegreatertheeffectwillbeintermsofitspersistenceinthesucceedingviewingsituation(观看时间越长，强度越高，面积越大，在接下来的观察中存留的影响就越大)。由此可知答案为C项“快速转移视线前所见景物”.

第3题:判断推理题。根据题干定位到第二段第六句:Thenetresultisthat,iftheeyeissoexposedandthenthegazeistransferredtoanareaoflowerintensity,thelossofsensitivityproducedbythefirstareawillstillbepresentandappearasan“afterimage”superimposedonthesecond(最终的结果是，如果眼睛盯着某种颜色看，然后转移到较低强度的区域，由第一区域产生的灵敏度损失将仍然存在，并将会作为后像出现而叠加到第二个区域中)。由此可知C选项“直到失去的敏感度恢复了，才能看到后一个物体一些原本看不到的颜色”正确。

第4题:词义题。可参考第二段第六句:Thenetresultisthat,iftheeyeissoexposedandthenthegazeistransferredtoanareaoflowerintensity,thelossofsensitivityproducedbythefirstareawillstillbepresentandappearasan“afterimage”superimposedonthesecond(最终的结果是，如果眼睛盯着某种颜色看，然后转移到较低强度的区域，由第一区域产生的灵敏度损失将仍然存在，并将会作为后像出现而…到第二个区域中)。由此可知，superimposed指“叠加的”。因此A项“把某物放在上面”正确。

第5题:判断推理题。根据题干定位至第一段最后一句:Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobedueinlargeparttothemechanismofcoloradaptationmentionedearlier(这两种效应似乎和之前提到的颜色适应机制有很大关系)。由此可知D项“眼睛适应颜色的机制”正确。

11.单选题

IthoughtthatProfessorLiebermann'sspeechatthefarewellbanquetwasverymarvelous.andsodidmostoftheotherpeoplethere,tojudgefromthevigorousapplauseitreceived.

问题1选项

A.speechatthefarewellbanque

B.verymarvelous

C.andsodid

D.tojudgefromthevigorous

E.tojudgefromthevigorous

【答案】D

【解析】语法错误。非谓语动词错误。tojudgefrom改为judgingfrom。“tojudgefromthevigorousapplauseitreceived”这部分在句子中作方式状语，故需要用现在分词形式judgingfrom。

12.单选题

Heshowednosignsofpain（

）tohisdeath.

问题1选项

A.before

B.preceding

C.prior

D.following

【答案】C

【解析】考察固定搭配。priorto“在……之前”。句意：他临死前没有表现出任何痛苦的迹象。选项C符合题意。

13.翻译题

(1)Inmanyofthecountriesstrugglingtofindenoughwaterfortheirpopulations,itisthegovernmentthatistoblame,notgeographyaccordingtoareportoutthisweek.

(2)SeveralrecentUNstudiesshowthatlackofwaterisholdingbackfoodproductionandeconomicdevelopmentinmoreandmoreregionsaroundtheworld.AccordingtotheUNEnvironmentProgram,athirdoftheplanetwillfacewatershortagesby2025.

ButCarolineSullivan,headofwaterpolicyandmanagementatBritain’sCentreforEcologyandHydrology(CEH)inWallingford,Oxfordshire,saystheseproblemsareoftenofacountry’sownmaking.(3)“Itiseasyforgovernmentstoblamegeographywhentheproblemisusuallytheirownfailings.”Shesays.Unlesstheyrealizethis,theywillhavenochanceofachievingthegoalagreedatthisyear’sWorldSummitofhalvingthenumberofpeoplewithoutaccesstocleandrinkingwaterby2015,sheadds.

SullivanisthechiefauthoroftheWaterPovertyIndex,publishedthisweekbytheCEHTheindex,whichwasputtogetherwithSullivan’scolleaguesatthewaterpolicythinktanktheWorldWaterCouncil,rankscountriesbyhowefficientlytheyconserve,useanddeliverwatertothosewhoneedit.

(4)Itrevealsasharpcontrastbetweencountriesthatmanagetheirwaterwellandthosethatdon’t.HaitiandtheDominicanRepublicsharethesameCaribbeanisland,andhavesimilarpopulationsandaccesstosimilaramountsofWater.YetwhiletheDominicanRepublicappearsinthetophalfoftheindex,Haitisufferslastoutofthe147countriesassessed.

Onereasonispoverty,butHaitihasalsochoppeddownitsforest,causing20%muchsoilerosionthatrainfallrunsintotheseainflashfloodsratherthansoakingintothesoilandsupplementingaquifers(地下蓄水层).

Notallrichnationsfarewellintheindex.(5)TheU.S.andJapancome32ndand36threspectively,largelybecausethewaytheycollectandusewateriswastefulanddamagestheenvironment.Australiaranked44th,whileBritainisin11thplace.“Therealcrisisisnottheamountofwater.It’sthewayweuseit.”saysSullivan.

【答案】1.本周公布的报告表明，在奋力为人民找到充足水源的许多国家中，应该承担责任的是政府，而不是地理环境。

2.联合国最近的几项研究表明，在世界上越来越多的地区，缺水正阻碍粮食生产和经济发展。

3.如果问题基本上是政府自身的过失，政府很容易怪罪于地理环境。

4.它形成了鲜明的对比，有的国家恰如其分地管理了水资源，而有的国家没有。

5.美国和日本分别排在第32位和第36位，这主要是因为他们收集和使用水的方式造成浪费且破坏环境。

14.单选题

Nearlyeleventhousandpeoplehavebeenarrestedfordefyingthebanonstreettrading.

问题1选项

A.criticizing

B.neglecting

C.blaming

D.disclosing

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。defy（其现在分词为defying）“违抗，反对；藐视；不顾”；A选项criticize（其现在分词为criticizing）“批评；评论”；B选项neglect（其现在分词为neglecting）“疏忽，故意忽视”；C选项blame（其现在分词blaming）“责备；归咎于”；D选项disclose（其现在分词为disclosing）“公开；揭露”。句意：近1.1万人因藐视街头交易禁令而被捕。根据句中“arrested逮捕”与“thebanonstreettrading街头交易禁令”可知defy在这里应表示一种故意忽视，因此B选项正确。

15.单选题

Lifeinsuranceisfinancialprotectionfordependentsagainstloss（）thebread-winner'sdeath.

问题1选项

A.atthecostof

B.onthevergeof

C.asaresultof

D.forthesakeof

【答案】C

【解析】atthecostof

以...为代价；onthevergeof濒临于,

接近于；asaresultof因此,

由于；forthesakeof为了。句意：人寿保险为被保者的家属提供经济保障,

以防止因养家糊口的人去世而造成的损失。选项C符合句意。

16.单选题

Thedevelopedcountriesareurgingthedevelopingcountriestoadoptastrategythatcan（）thetwinneedsofdevelopmentandpreservationofnature.

问题1选项

A.assimilate

B.correspond

C.coincide

D.reconcile

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:assimilate“吸收”；B:correspond“一'致”；C:coincide“一致”；D:reconcile“使一致”。句意：发达国家正在催促发展中国家采用一个能使发展和保护自然的双重需要一致的策略。结合此处语境，D为正确答案。

17.不定项选择题

IcametoIndiaayearagotofindavillageinwhichIcouldliveandwritebutitwasmanymonthsbeforeIsettleddownhappilyinthisHimalayancommunity.

Iwastedalotoftimelookingforthe“typical”village.Yetnosuchthingexists.Conditionsarequitedifferentfromvillagetovillage.ButthevillagesIstayedinhadmuchincommon—poor,dirtyandbackward.Oftenthevillagersthemselveswerepuzzledanddoubtful.WhyhadIcome?Ihadputasidemyworkasapoliticaljournalistbecausemyideashadchanged.IhadcometobelievethatwhatwashappeningintheThirdWorldwasmoreimportantthananythingelse.Buttounderstandhowthree-quartersoftheworldpopulationlive,andwhateffecttheirfuturemighthaveonours,IfeltthatIfirsthadtotryandsharetheirwayoflife.

IntheendIchoseamountainvillagebecauseitwaslittlecoolerthanthoseintheplains.Itookthebusfromtownalongarockyroad.Thencamearoughwalkdownasteeppathtotheriver.AfterthisIbegantheclimbintothehills.WheneverIstoppedtocatchmybreath,therewasabeautifulscene.Afterseveralhours’walkthevillagecameintosight.

1.AfterthewriterhadarrivedinIndia,（）.

2.Whilelookingforatypicalvillage,thewriterfound（）.

3.BeforecomingtoIndia,thewriter（）.

4.Thewritedecidedtochangehiswayoflifebecause（）.

5.Thevillagethewriterfinallychosetolivein（）.

问题1选项

A.hespentayearwritingabouttheplacehelivedin

B.hespentquitesometimelookingforasuitableplacetolivein

C.hestayedinanIndianvillageworkingforthepoor

D.helivedinaHimalayancommunityformanymonths

问题2选项

A.hewassearchingfortheimpossible

B.allthevillageswereexactlythesame

C.hewasdoingsomethingenjoyable

D.thevillagerswerecuriousabouthim

问题3选项

A.hadbeenasuccessfulpolitician

B.hadmadeadecisiontoworkforIndia

C.hadstudiedIndiacultureforsomemonths

D.hadworkedfornewspapersandmagazines

问题4选项

A.henolongerfoundhisworkinteresting

B.hehopedtoliveapeacefullifeinthecountryside

C.hewantedtofindoutmoreabouttheThirdWorld

D.hewantedtotryhisluckinaforeigncountry

问题5选项

A.layattheendofarockyroad

B.hadabeautifulsightoftheriver

C.wasashortwalkfromtheriver

D.hadbetterweatherthanthoseintheplains

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文的第一段首句IcametoIndiaayearagotofindavillageinwhichIcouldliveandwritebutitwasmanymonthsbeforeIsettleddownhappilyinthisHimalayancommunity.（一年前，我来到印度，想找到一个可以生活和写作的村庄，但过了好几个月，我才愉快地在这个喜马拉雅社区安顿下来）可知选B选项“他花了很长时间找一个合适的地方住”，A选项“他花了一年的时间写他居住过的地方”，C选项“他住在印度的一个村子里，为穷人干活”，A选项和C选项原文没有提及，D选项“他在一个喜马拉雅社区住了好几个月”，原文只说了在喜马拉雅社区安顿下来，但并没有说多久，因此D选项错误，因此，B选项符合题意。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文的第二段的首句Iwastedalotoftimelookingforthe“typical”village.Yetnosuchthingexists.（我浪费了很多时间寻找“典型的”村庄。然而，这样的事情并不存在）可知A选项“他在搜索不可能的事”正确，B选项“所有的村庄都一模一样”，原文第二段的第三句Conditionsarequitedifferentfromvillagetovillage.可得知每个村庄之间的情况都是很不一样的，因此B选项错误，C选项“他在做一些令人愉快的事情”，C选项原文没有提及，D选项“村民们对他很好奇”第二段的第五句Oftenthevillagersthemselveswerepuzzledanddoubtful.可得知村民们自己也常常感到困惑和怀疑，而不是好奇。因此，A选项符合题意。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第二段的第六句“WhyhadIcome?Ihadputasidemyworkasapoliticaljournalistbecausemyideashadchanged.”（我为什么要来？我放下了政治记者的工作，因为我的想法已经改变了）可知选D选项“曾经为报纸和杂志工作过”。作者放弃了政治记者的工作来到了印度，也就是说来印度之前作者是一个政治记者。A选项“是一个成功的政治家”，文中说的是政治记者，而不是政治家，所以A选项错误，B选项“决定为印度工作”，C选项“学印度文化好几个月了”，在原文均没有提及，所以B，C选项错误，因此，D选项符合题意。

4.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第二段Buttounderstandhowthree-quartersoftheworldpopulationlive,andwhateffecttheirfuturemighthaveonours,（他的想法改变是希望了解和体验发展中国家人们的生活和未来）可知选择C选项“他想更多的了解第三世界”，A选项“他不再觉得他的工作有趣了”，B选项“他希望在乡下过平静的生活”，D选项“他想在外国碰碰运气”，在原文均没有提及，所以A，B，D选项错误，因此，C选项符合题意。

5.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文末段首句IntheendIchoseamountainvillagebecauseitwaslittlecoolerthanthoseintheplains.（最后，我选择了一个山村，因为那里比平原上的村庄凉快一点）可知选择D选项“比平原上的天气好”。A选项“躺在崎岖道路的尽头”，B选项“可以看到河边的美景”，C选项“离河不远”，在原文均没有提及，因此，D选项符合题意。

18.单选题

Ourspeciesevolvedonthemove.Recentresearchontheeffectsofexerciseandtheconsequencesofsedentarylivinghasshownthatphysicalactivityiscrucialtotheproperprocessingoffoodsthatweeat.Infact,mostofthechronicandoftenlife-threateningailmentsthatbesiegeAmericansinepidemicproportionscouldbetemperedbyregularexercise.Amongthemareheartdisease,diabetes,highbloo