考研考博-英语-四川农业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川农业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Environmentalissuesraiseahostofdifficultethicalquestions,includingtheancientoneofthenatureofintrinsicvalue.Whereasmanyphilosophersinthepasthaveagreedthathumanexperienceshaveintrinsicvalueandtheutilitariansatleasthavealwaysacceptedthatthepleasuresandpainsofnonhumananimalsareofsomeintrinsicsignificance,thisdoesnotshowwhyitissobadifdodosbecomeextinctorarainforestiscutdown.Arethesethingstoberegrettedonlybecauseofthelosstohumansorothersentientcreatures?Oristheremoretoitthanthat?Somephilosophersarenowpreparedtodefendtheviewthattrees,rivers,species(consideredapartfromtheindividualanimalsofwhichtheyconsist),andperhapsecologicalsystemsasawholehaveavalueindependentoftheinstrumentalvaluetheymayhaveforhumansorothersentientcreatures.

Ourconcernfortheenvironmentalsoraisesthequestionofourobligationstofuturegenerations.Howmuchdoweowetothefuture?Fromasocialcontractviewofethicsorfortheethicalegoist,theanswerwouldseemtobe:nothing.Forwecanbenefitthem,buttheyareunabletoreciprocate.Mostotherethicaltheories,however,dogiveweighttotheinterestsofcominggenerations.Utilitarians,forone,wouldnotthinkthatthefactthatmembersoffuturegenerationsdonotexistyetisanyreasonforgivinglessconsiderationtotheirintereststhanwegivetoourown,providedonlythatwearecertainthattheywillexistandwillhaveintereststhatwillbeaffectedbywhatwedo.Inthecaseof,say,thestorageofradioactivewastes,itseemsclearthatwhatwedowillindeedaffecttheinterestsofgenerationstocome.

Thequestionbecomesmuchmorecomplex,however,whenweconsiderthatwecanaffectthesizeoffuturegenerationsbythepopulationpolicieswechooseandtheextenttowhichweencouragelargeorsmallfamilies.Mostenvironmentalistsbelievethattheworldisalreadydangerouslyovercrowded.Thismaywellbeso,butthenotionofoverpopulationconcealsaphilosophicalissuethatisingeniouslyexploredbyDerekParfitinReasonsandPersons(1984).Whatisoptimumpopulation?Isitthatpopulationsizeatwhichtheaveragelevelofwelfarewillbeashighaspossible?Orisitthesizeatwhichthetotalamountofwelfare—theaveragemultipliedbythenumberofpeople—isasgreataspossible?Bothanswersleadtocounterintuitiveoutcomes,andthequestionremainsoneofthemostbafflingmysteriesinappliedethics.

1.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout（）.

2.Weowenothingtothefuturegenerations（）.

3.Populationpolicywetakeshouldbeconsidered（）.

4.Accordingtothispassage,optimumpopulation（）.

5.Thepropertitleforthispassageshouldbe（）.

问题1选项

A.theintrinsicvalueofhumanexperiences

B.theintrinsicvalueoftheexperiencesofnonhumananimals

C.theintrinsicvalueofecologicalsystemasawhole

D.anancientethicalquestionaboutthenatureofintrinsicvalue

问题2选项

A.intheauthor’sopinion

B.fromasocialcontractviewofethics

C.forautilitarian

D.formostenvironmentalists

问题3选项

A.positive

B.negative

C.complex

D.reasonable

问题4选项

A.referstothepopulationsizeatwhichtheaveragelevelofwelfarewillbeashighaspossible

B.referstothepopulationsizeatwhichthetotalamountofwelfarewillbeasgreataspossible

C.isadifficultphilosophicalissuewhichremainstoberesolvedinthefuture

D.isadifficultphilosophicalissuewhichDerekParfithassuccessfullysettledinReasonsandPersons

问题5选项

A.AMysteryinAppliedEthics

B.OurObligationstoFutureGenerations

C.EnvironmentalEthics

D.Environmentalissues

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题干：第一段主要是关于_______。A选项“人类经历的内在价值”，B选项“非人类动物经历的内在价值”，C选项“生态系统作为一个整体的内在价值”，D选项“一个关于内在价值本质的古老伦理问题”,前三个选项在第一段中都有提到，但并不是主要问题的所在，而第四个选项，在第二句话中就点了出来，前三个选项是第四个选项的展开说明，故D是正确答案。

2.推理判断题。题干：我们不欠后代任何东西________。根据关键词“oweto”“futuregenerations”可以定位到文章第二段第三句话Fromasocialcontractviewofethicsorfortheethicalegoist,theanswerwouldseemtobe:nothing.（从伦理学的社会契约观点或道德自我主义者的角度来看，答案似乎是：什么都不亏欠。），可知，B选项“伦理学的社会契约观点”，是正确的。文章并没有提及作者个人观点，所以A选项“在作者的观点看来”排除。从文章第二段第五句话Mostotherethicaltheories,however,dogiveweighttotheinterestsofcominggenerations.Utilitarians,forone,wouldnotthinkthatthefactthatmembersoffuturegenerationsdonotexistyetisanyreasonforgivinglessconsiderationtotheirintereststhanwegivetoourown.（然而，其他大多数伦理理论确实考虑到了后代的利益。举例来说，功利主义者不会认为，后代成员还不存在这一事实，是我们对后代利益的考虑少于我们对自己利益考虑的任何理由。），所以C选项“功利主义者”排除。环境保护主义者也认为，我们应该为后代考虑，所以D选线项“环境保护主义者”排除。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。

3.事实细节题。题干：我们采取的人口政策被认为是_______。根据关键词“populationpolicy”可以定位到文章第三段，第一句话明确指出Thequestionbecomesmuchmorecomplex,however（然而，问题会变得越来越复杂），所以本题的正确答案是C选项。

4.细节推理题。题干：根据文章，最适宜的人口数量_________。文章第三段后半部分提出了最合适的人口数量的问题。用两个问句提出对这一问题的两种可能的答案，即Isitthatpopulationsizeatwhichtheaveragelevelofwelfarewillbeashighaspossible?Orisitthesizeatwhichthetotalamountofwelfare—theaveragemultipliedbythenumberofpeople—isasgreataspossible?(是在人口规模上，平均福利水平会尽可能高吗？或者是总福利的规模——平均乘以人口的数量——尽可能大？)，并在结尾的最后一句话中指出，andthequestionremainsoneofthemostbafflingmysteriesinappliedethics.（这一问题仍是应用伦理学中最令人不解的谜之一。），其意就是仍有待于将来解决，所以C选项“这是一个只能留到将来解决哲学问题”是正确答案。A选项“最适宜的人口数量指平均福利水平尽可能高的人口规模”，B选项“最适宜的人口数量指福利总额最大的人口规模”，A，B选项都是文章提出的问题，未被证实，所以不正确，D选项“最适宜的人口数量是一个困难的哲学问题，德里克•帕菲特在《理性与人》中成功地解决了这个问题”德里克•帕菲特只是在书中提到Whatisoptimumpopulation?但是并没有解决，所以D选项不正确，综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。

5.主旨大意题。题干：最适合文章的标题应该是________。本文主要讨论的并不是环境问题，而是由环境问题而引出的道德问题，A选项“应用道德中的谜”是最后一段提到的，B选项是“我们对下一代的责任”是第二段提到的，二者都不足以代表整篇文章的思想内容。所以本题的正确答案应该是C选项“环境伦理”。

2.单选题

Dr.HowardMartingavefataldosesofpainkillerstoterminallyillpatientsoutof（

）andactedintheirbestinterests.

问题1选项

A.suspicion

B.curiosity

C.compassion

D.prejudice

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。suspicion“怀疑，猜疑”；curiosity“好奇”；compassion“同情，怜悯”；prejudice“偏见，损害”。句意：霍华德•马丁医生给绝症晚期的病人服用致命剂量的止痛剂是出于同情，是为病人最佳利益考虑而采取的行动。选项C符合句意。

3.不定项选择题

Withhumanfootprintsonthemoon,radiotelescopeslisteningformessagesfromaliencreatures(whomayormaynotexist),technicianslookingforcelestialandplanetarysourcesofenergytosupportourcivilization,orbitingtelescopes’datehintingatplanetarysystemsaroundotherstars,andpoliticalgroupstryingtofigureouthowtosavehumanityfromnudewarfarethatwoulddamagelifeandclimateonaplanet-widescale,anastronomybookpublishedtodayentersaworlddifferentfromtheonethatgreetedbooksagenerationago.Astronomyhasbroadenedtoinvolveourbasiccircumstancesandourmysteriousfutureintheuniverse.Witheclipsesandspacemissionsbroadcastlive,andwithNASA,Europe,andtheUSSRplanningandbuildingpermanentspacestations,astronomyoffersadventureforallpeople,anoutwardexploratorythrustthatmayonedaybeseenasanalternativetomindlessconsumerism,ideologicalbickering,andwarstocontroldwindlingresourcesonaclosed,finiteEarth.

Today’sastronomystudentsnotonlyseekanupto-datesummaryofastronomicalfacts:theyask,aspeoplehaveaskedforages,aboutourbasicrelationstotherestoftheuniverse.Theymaystudyastronomypartlytoseekpointsofcontactbetweenscienceandotherhumanendeavors:philosophy,history,politics,environmentalaction,eventheartsandreligion.

Sciencefictionwritersandspecialeffectartistsonrecentfilmshelptoday’sstudentsrealizethatunseenworldsofspacearerealplaces—notabstractconcepts.Today’sstudentsarecitizensofamorereal,morevastcosmosthatconceptualizedbystudentsofadecadeago.

Indesigningthisedition,theWadswortheditorsandIhavetriedtorespondtothesedevelopments.Ratherthanjumpingatthestartintomurkywatersofcosmology,IhavebegunwiththeviewpointofancientpeopleonEarthandworkedoutwardacrosstheuniverse.Thismethodoforganizationautomatically(ifloosely)reflectstheorderofhumanity’sdiscoveriesaboutastronomyandprovidesaunifyingthemeofincreasingdistanceandscale.

1.Thispassageismostprobablytakenfrom（）.

2.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthefirstparagraphis（）.

3.TheauthorthinksthatthegrowinginterestinspaceexplorationamongpeopleonEarthwillprobablyleadto（）.

4.Theauthorbelievesthattoday’sastronomiesstudents（）.

5.Inthelastparagraph,theunderlinedexpression“thesedevelopments”referstoallofthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

问题1选项

A.theprefaceofapieceofsciencefiction

B.anarticleofpopularscience

C.alecturegivenbytheauthortoastronomystudents

D.theintroductionofabookofastronomy

问题2选项

A.todiscussindetailthemostrecentachievementsinspaceresearch

B.toexplainthebackgroundandnewfeaturesoftoday’sastronomy

C.toillustratethattheworldtodayisdifferentinmanyaspectsfromthatofagenerationago

D.tointroducesomenewlyestablishedspacestations

问题3选项

A.therealizationofpermanentsettlementonotherplanets

B.moredisturbancenotonlyonEarthbutalsoinouterspace

C.orders,harmonyandpeaceonourplanetEarth

D.allpeoplehavingchancesoftravellinginspace

问题4选项

A.arebetter-informedabouttheunseenworldsofspace

B.maylearnmoreaboutmanandhisresearchinvariousfieldsthroughthestudyofastronomy

C.nolongercareaboutastronomicalfacts

D.aremuchbrighterthanstudentsofagenerationago

问题5选项

A.theworld-wideinvolvementinspaceexploration

B.humanity’snewachievementsinthefieldofastronomy

C.thenewconceptsabouttheuniverseacquiredbytoday’sastronomystudents

D.thedevelopmentofsciencefictionandspecialeffectsoffilms

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:判断推理题。文章最后一段提及Indesigningthisedition,theWadswortheditorsandIhavetried…“在设计这个版本时，Wadsworth的编辑和我试图……”，由此可知文章摘自一本书的序言，而本文都是在讲述关于天文学方面的，所以推测是天文学类书籍，所以D选项“一本天文学书籍的序言”符合题意。A选项“科幻小说的序言”，科幻小说对象不正确；B选项“一篇科普文章”与原文第一段anastronomybookpublished…“一本天文学书籍……”不符；C选项“作者给天文学学生的演讲”，文章的形式并不是演讲，所以C错误。因此D选项正确。

第2题:主旨大意题。原文第一段主要讲述的是人类在天文学方面的研究扩展和特点。B选项作者写第一段的目的是“来解释今天天文学的背景和新特征”符合题意；A选项“详细讨论太空研究的最新成果”，第一段只是简单介绍并未详细讨论，所以A错误；C选项“说明今天的世界与一代人以前在许多方面不同”，只是说明研究的新进展，并不是世界的不同；D选项“引进一些新建立的空间站”与题意不符。因此B选项符合题意。

第3题:判断推理题。根据第一段astronomyoffersadventureforallpeople…ideologicalbickering,andwarstocontroldwindlingresourcesonaclosed,finiteEarth.“天文学为所有人提供了冒险的机会，这是一种向外探索的推进，也许有一天，它会被视为一种替代选择，取代盲目的消费主义、意识形态的争吵和战争，以控制一个封闭、有限的地球上日益减少的资源。”A选项“在其他行星上永久定居的实现”原文并未涉及；B选项“更多的干扰不仅在地球上，而且在外太空”不符合题意；C选项“地球上的秩序、和谐与和平”，原文提到“可以取代盲目的消费主义、意识形态的争吵和战争”进而可以维护地球秩序和谐和平，符合题意；D选项“所有人有机会在太空旅行”与题意不符。因此C选项正确。

第4题:判断推理题。由题干关键词today’sastronomiesstudents定位到文章第二段Theymaystudyastronomypartlytoseekpointsofcontactbetweenscienceandotherhumanendeavors:philosophy,history,politics,environmentalaction,eventheartsandreligion.“他们学习天文学的部分原因可能是为了寻找科学和其他人类活动之间的联系：哲学、历史、政治、环境行为，甚至是艺术和宗教。”由此可知，研究天文学还可以更多地了解其他领域。所以B选项“通过天文学的研究，可以更多地了解人类及其在各个领域的研究”符合题意。A选项“对看不见的宇宙有更好的了解”不太切合题意；C选项“不再关心天文事实”与原文叙述相反；D选项“比上一代的学生聪明得多”没有比较无法体现。因此B选项正确。

第5题:判断推理题。由划线句定位到文中最后一段Indesigningthisedition,theWadswortheditorsandIhavetriedtorespondtothesedevelopments.“在设计这个版本时，Wadsworth的编辑和我试图对这些发展做出回应。”由此可知，“这些发展”所包括的内容是前文已经提及的。A选项“全世界参与太空探索”和B选项“人类在天文学领域的新成就”在第一段中有涉及；C选项“今天的天文学学生获得的关于宇宙的新概念”在文章第二段有讲述；D选项“科幻小说和电影特效的发展”，文章主要是讲述关于天文学方面的内容，并没有详细阐述科幻小说和电影的发展，所以D选项与题意不符。因此此题选择D选项。

4.单选题

Bytheearlyeighthcentury,theByzantineempirehadlostroughlytwo-thirdsoftheterritoryithadpossessedintheyear600,anditsremainingareawasbeingraidedbyArabsandBulgarians,whoattimesthreatenedtotakeConstantinopleand（

）theempirealtogether.

问题1选项

A.regain

B.diminish

C.extinguish

D.withstand

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项regain“恢复；收回”；B选项diminish“减少；缩小”；C选项extinguish“熄灭；使破灭，消除”；D选项withstand“抵挡；反抗”。句意：到8世纪初，拜占庭帝国已经失去了公元600年所拥有的大约三分之二的领土，其剩余的领土遭到阿拉伯人和保加利亚人的袭击，他们有时威胁要占领君士坦丁堡，把整个帝国……。由句意可知，C选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Mostcellsaretransparent—inotherwords,theyarenotverygoodatreflectingorabsorbinglight.Tolookatthemunderamicroscopethusrequirestrickery.Manyofthesetrickskillthecells,andeventhosethatkeepthemalivelookonlyatslicesthrougheachcell,ratherthanseeingthewholethinginthreedimensions.MichaelFeld,oftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,andhiscolleagues,thinktheycanchangethat.Theyhaveinventedawaytolookatcellsthatarestillalive.Moreover,theycandosointhreedimensions.Theirmethodiscalledtomographicphasemicroscopy,anditisreportedinthisweek’sNatureMethods.Insteadofrelyingonabsorbedorreflectedlight,Dr.Feld’stechniquecelebratestransparencybylookingatlightthatgetsthroughunaltered.Itdoessobymeasuringapropertycalledtherefractiveindex.

Thisindexmeasuresthespeedoflightinamaterial.(Lightzipsalongattheactual“speedoflight”,fasterthanwhichnothingcango,onlywhenitistravellingthroughavacuum.)Thedifferentcomponentsofacell,thoughtransparent,havedifferentrefractiveindices.Dr.Feldandhisteamthereforesetouttomapwhatthesedifferencesare,withaviewtousingthemtodistinguishbetweencellularcomponents.

Tomeasuretherefractiveindicesofdifferentpartsofacelltheyuseatechniquecalledinterferometry,whichinvolvessplittingabeamoflightintwo.Onehalf,knownastheobjectbeam,passesthroughthecell;theotherisdirectedalongadifferentpathandactasareference.Thelengthofthereferencepathissuchthatifnosampleispresent,thetwodaughterbeamswillbeasperfectlyinphasewhentheymeetastheywerewhentheywereseparated.Thecrestsandthetroughsoftheirwaveswillreinforceeachother,andtheresultwillbebrightness.Themorethatthelightpassingthroughthesampleissloweddown,however,themorethetwobeamswillbeoutofphase.Crestwillfallontrough,andtheresultwillbedarkness.ItisthisphaseshiftthatgivesDr.Feld’snewformofmicroscopyitsname.

Asinglepairofbeamsdoesnot,however,produceausefulimage.Todothatrequiresscanningtheobjectbeamthroughthetargetaboutahundreddifferentways.Fromtherefractiveindexofeachpathitispossible—withtheapplicationofsomesuitablycrunchycomputingpower—toproduceathree-dimensionalimage.

Totesthisidea,Dr.Feldlookedatcervical-cancercells.Ifyouidentifythiscancerearly,thepatientwillprobablysurvive.Missit,andhe/shewilldie.Dr.Feldwonderedifthechangesthatoccurduringcancerwouldshowupusinghisnewmethod.Theydid,inapartofthecellcalledthenucleolus.Thisistheplacewherethecomponentsofproteinfactoriesaremade.Sincecancercellsgrowrapidly,andthushaveahighdemandforproteins,itwasalikelyplacetoexpectchanges.

Dr.Feldalsohasplanstousebeamsofdifferentcolors,sinceeachcolorhasaslightlydifferentrefractiveindexinagivenmaterial.Thatwouldprovideextradataforthecomputertochewon,andprobablyresultinbetterpictures.Withenoughpictures,Dr.Feld’stechniquemaymakebiologyastransparentasthecellsitstudies.

31.Tomographicphasemicroscopyisdifferentfromtheothertricksthatlookatcellsinthat________.

32.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEofthespeedoflightinmaterials?

33.Theresultofdarknessinthetechniqueofinterferometryimpliesthat________.

34.Dr.Feld’smethodcouldbeappliedintoidentifyingcancerearlyby________.

35.Thebesttitleifthepassagecouldbe________.

问题1选项

A.thelightthatgetsthroughthecellsisunalteredintomographicphasemicroscopy

B.itdoesnotrequirethetrickerytokillcells

C.itisnotdependentonabsorbedorreflectedlight

D.itcouldseeallthecomponentsofthecellsfromthreedimensions

问题2选项

A.Lightrunsthefastestwhenitpassesthroughtransparentmaterialsintherealworld.

B.Thespeedoflightcanonlybepreciselymeasuredwhenthelightistravellinginvacuum.

C.Thespeedoflightinanymaterialisslowerthantheactual“speedoflight”.

D.Thespeedoflightshiftswhenthelighttravelsthroughdifferentcells.

问题3选项

A.thereisnolightpassingthroughthesample

B.therefractiveindexofthesampleisverygreat

C.thespeedofthelightpassingthroughthesampleisveryslow

D.thetwodaughterbeamsweakeneachother

问题4选项

A.detectingchangesofrefractiveindicesinthecomponentsofproteinfactories

B.findingoutthechangesoftherefractiveindicesinsomepartsofthecervical-cancercells

C.examiningthechangesoftherefractiveindicesinthenucleolus

D.identifyingthechangesoftherefractiveindicesinpartofthenucleolusofthecancercells

问题5选项

A.ImageoftheTransparentCells

B.NewTechniqueofCelebratingTransparency

C.RefractiveIndicesoftheTransparentCells

D.NewMethodofDetectingCancerCells

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】31.事实细节题。根据第一段倒数第二句Insteadofrelyingonabsorbedorreflectedlight,Dr.Feld’stechnique…（费尔德博士的技术不依赖于吸收光或反射光），可知层析相显微镜技术最独特的地方在于C选项“不依赖于吸收或反射光”，所以C选项正确。A选项“通过细胞的光在层析相显微镜中是不变的”：根据第三段第一句Tomeasuretherefractiveindicesofdifferentpartsofacell…whichinvolvessplittingabeamoflightintwo.（为了测量细胞不同部分的折射率……这种技术包括将一束光一分为二。），可知在层析相显微镜技术中，通过细胞的光会变化，故错误。B选项“不需要技巧来杀死细胞”：根据第一段第三句Manyofthesetrickskillthecells,andeventhosethatkeepthemalivelookonlyatslicesthrougheachcell（许多这样的把戏杀死了细胞，甚至那些使细胞存活的把戏也只能看到每个细胞的切片），可知不是杀死细胞才能观察，而是在观察的过程中杀死了细胞，故错误。D选项“它可以从三维空间看到细胞的所有组成部分”：文中没有提到，故错误。因此C选项正确。

32.推理判断题。根据第二段第二句Lightzipsalongattheactual“speedoflight”,fasterthanwhichnothingcango,onlywhenitistravellingthroughavacuum.（只有在真空中，光以实际的“光速”移动，才能超过任何物体的速度。），可知光在真空中最快，所以C选项“任何物质中的光速都比实际的‘光速’要慢。”正确，B选项“只有当光在真空中传播时，才能精确测量光速。”错误。A选项“在现实世界中，光通过透明材料时跑得最快。”和D选项“当光通过不同的细胞时，光的速度会发生变化”文章没有提到，故错误。因此C选项正确。

33.推理判断题。根据第三段ifnosampleispresent,thetwodaughterbeamswillbeasperfectlyinphasewhentheymeet…Thecrestsandthetroughsoftheirwaveswillreinforceeachother,andtheresultwillbebrightness…themorethetwobeamswillbeoutofphase.Crestwillfallontrough,andtheresultwillbedarkness（如果没有样本存在，两个子光束相遇时的相位完全相同……波浪的波峰和波谷会相互加强，结果就是明亮……两束光的相位就越不一致。波峰将落在波谷上，结果将是黑暗。），可知如果两个子光束相遇时相位相同，波峰和波谷会相互加强，结果是明亮，那么如果结果是黑暗，两个子光束相位不一致，两个子光束就是相互削弱，所以D选项“两个子光束相互削弱”正确。A选项“没有光通过样品”的结果是明亮，故错误。B选项“样品的折射率非常大”文中没有提到，故错误。C选项“光通过样品的速度非常慢”：通过很慢不一定是唯一原因，子光束的相位不同才是直接原因，故错误。因此D选项正确。

34.事实细节题。根据第五段第二、三句Dr.Feldwonderedifthechangesthatoccurduringcancerwouldshowupusinghisnewmethod.Theydid,inapartofthecellcalledthenucleolus.Thisistheplacewherethecomponentsofproteinfactoriesaremade.（菲尔德博士想知道，如果使用他的新方法，癌症期间发生的变化是否会显现出来。他们在细胞的核仁中找到了。这里是制造蛋白质工厂成分的地方。），可知通过细胞核仁可以诊断癌症，所以C选项“检查核仁折光指数的变化”正确。A选项“检测蛋白质工厂成分的折射率变化”：文中指的是制造蛋白质工厂成分的核仁，而不是这些成分，故错误。B选项“发现子宫颈癌细胞某些部位的折光指数变化”和D选项“识别部分癌细胞核仁的折光指数的变化”中不是观察癌细胞的核仁，故错误。因此C选项正确。

35.主旨大意题。本文主要在讲通过层析相显微术观察透明细胞，包括原理和运用，所以B选项“观察透明物的新技术”正确。根据A选项“透明细胞的图像”，C选项“透明细胞的折射率”和D选项“检测癌细胞的新方法”不能概括全文，故错误。因此B选项正确。

6.单选题

Itwouldbe____togetasecondopinionbeforetakinganyfurtheraction.

问题1选项

A.sensational

B.sensitive

C.senseless

D.sensible

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.sensational轰动的；引起哗然的B.sensitive体贴的；体恤的

C.senseless无意义的；无目的的D.sensible明智的；理智的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】句意：在采取进一步行动之前征求第二种意见是……。根据句意，在行动前征求第二种意见是明智的，因为这样有利于做出更好的决定。因此选D。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均不符合句意。

【句意】在采取进一步行动之前征求第二种意见是明智的。

7.单选题

Thenumberofcopiesthepaperseilsseemstobein（）proportiontotheamountofnewsitcontains.

问题1选项

A.diverse

B.inverse

C.reverse

D.averse

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。inreverse“相反”，本句意为“这份报纸的发行量似乎与它所包含的新闻量成反比”，这句话想要表达的是报纸发行量太少，inreverse表达“相反”的意思使得句子逻辑成立。因此选项C正确。

8.翻译题

B：TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

(10*1=10)

Theworldsoaksincolor.Nottheprimarycolorsofspring,brittleordelicate,thereds,yellowsandbluesofaudaciousorself-effacingflowers.Autumntakesallthecolorsofspringandblendsandsoftensthemrichlytointenseshadesofpurple,crimson,bronze,amberandmahogany,displayedeithertapestry-wisesidebyside,ormergedinrichnewtones.Thetreesareresplendentincopperandgold,whilecorn-stackscrouchingabovethestubblegleamdeepyellowinsunlight.Greenoblongsdefinedbyhedgesfleckedwithscarletberriescontrastwithneatly-furrowedploughlands.Andmoorlandisspreadwitharoyalmassedembroideryofpurpleheatherbankedamongradiantgorse.

【答案】世界沉浸在色彩之中。不是春天的原色，脆弱或娇嫩，也不是大胆或谦逊的花朵的红、黄、蓝。秋天吸收了春天的所有颜色，并将它们丰富地融合和软化为紫色、深红色、青铜色、琥珀色和桃花心木等强烈的色调，或以挂毯的方式并排展示，或以丰富的新色调融合。树木被铜色和金色染得金碧辉煌，而蜷伏在茬子上的玉米堆在阳光下闪着深黄的光。红色浆果点缀的树篱勾勒出的绿色长方形与整齐犁沟的农田形成了鲜明的对比。高沼地上散布着紫色石南的皇家刺绣，镶嵌在闪闪发光的金雀花中。

9.单选题

EuropeanUnionenvironmentalofficialshavedeterminedthattwokindsofgeneticallymodifiedcorncouldharmbutterflies,affectfoodchainsanddisturblifeinriversandstreams,andtheyhaveproposedabanonthesaleoftheseeds,whicharemadebyDuPontPioneer,DowAgrosciencesandSyngentA.ThepreliminarydecisionsarecirculatingwithintheEuropeanCommission,whichhasthefinalsay.SomeofficialsthereareskepticalofabanthatwouldupsetthepowerfulbiotechnologyindustryandcouldexacerbatetensionswithimportanttradingpartnersliketheUnitedStates.TheseedsarenotavailableontheEuropeanmarketforcultivation.

Inthedecisions,theenvironmentcommissioner,StavrosDimas,contendsthatthegeneticallymodifiedcom,ormaizecouldaffectcertainbutterflyspecies,specificallythemonarch,andotherbeneficialinsects.Forinstance,researchthisyearindicatesthatlarvaeofthemonarchbutterflyexposedtothegeneticallymodifiedcom“behavedifferentlythanotherlarvae.”InthedecisionconcerningthecornseedsproducedbyDowandPioneer,Mr.Dimascalls“potentialdamageontheenvironmentirreversible.”InthedecisiononSyngenta’scom,hesaysthat“thelevelofriskgeneratedbythecultivationofthisproductfortheenvironmentisunacceptable.”

AdecisionbytheEuropeanUniontobarcultivationofthegeneticallymodifiedcropswouldbethefirstofitskindinthetradebloc,andwouldintensifythecontinuingbattleovergeneticallymodifiedcorn.BanningtheapplicationsforcorncropsalsowouldmarkaboldnewstepforEuropeanenvironmentalauthorities,whoarealreadyaggressivelypursuingregulationsonemissionsfromcarsandaircraft,settingitatoddswiththeUnitedStatesandangeringindustries.

“TheseproductshavebeengrownintheU.S.andothercountriesforyears,”saidStephenNorton,aspokesmanfortheUnitedStatestraderepresentative,“WearenotawareofanyothercasewhenaproducthasbeenrejectedafterhavingbeenreviewedanddeterminedsafebyEuropeanfoodsafetyauthorities,”hesaid.

BarbaraHelfferich,aspokeswomanforMr.Dimas,declinedtocommentonthespecificsoftheprocedurebecausecommissionershadnotyetmadeafinaldecision.ButshesaidthattheEuropeanUnionwaswithinitsrightstomakedecisionsbasedonthe“precautionaryprinciple”evenwhenscientistshadfoundnodefinitiveevidenceprovingproductscancauseharm.ShesaidthatthedecisionsbyMr.Dimascouldgobeforethecommissionwithinafewweeks,butshesaidthatnodatehadbeenset.Inthedecisions,Mr.Dimascitedrecentresearchshowingthatconsumptionofgeneticallymodified“combyproductsreducedgrowthandincreasedmortalityofnon-targetstreaminsects”andthattheseinsects“areimportantpreyforaquaticandriparianpredators”andthatthiscouldhave“unexpectedecosystem-scaleconsequences.”

Althoughstillpreliminary,hisdecisionscoulddrasticallytiltthepolicyagainstfutureapprovalsofgeneticallymodifiedcrops,saidNathalieMoll,aspokeswomanforEuropabio,anindustrygroupwith80membersincludingSyngenta,PioneerandDow.EuropabiosaysthatthecropsgrownusingthegeneticallymodifiedcomarealreadyimportedintoseveralEuropeancountries,includingFranceandGermany,wheretheyareusedtofeedanimalslikecowsandchickens.

RobGianfranceschi,spokesmanattheUnitedStatesmissiontotheEuropeanUnioninBrussels,saiditwastooearlytocommentonadecisionthathadnotyetbeenformalizeD.ButhemadeclearthattheUnitedStatesremainedfrustratedwithEuropeanpoliciesongeneticallymodifiedcrops.

1.Thepreliminarydecisionsaremadeby______.

2.Tothedecisions,theEuropeanCommissionofficials’attitudesare______.

3.Aboutthedecisions,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

4.Mr.Dimascitedmanyresearchesonthegeneticallymodifiedcorninhisdecisioninorderto______.

5.Theword“tilt”inParA.6mostprobablymeans______.

问题1选项

A.StavrosDimas

B.EuropeanUnionenvironmentalofficials

C.EuropeanCommission

D.DuPontPioneer,DowAgrosciencesandSyngenta

问题2选项

A.skeptical

B.controversial

C.divergent

D.contradictory

问题3选项

A.Thedecisionsaimtoputabanonthesaleoftheseedsofgeneticallymodifiedcornduetopoliticalandbiologicalconcerns

B.Thedecisionscouldprobablybemadeevenifnodefinitiveevidenceprovingtheproductsharmfulisfound

C.ThedecisionsarewarmlyembracedbyallEUmembersbutbitterlyrejectedbytheirtradepartners

D.ThereishighpossibilitythatthedecisionswouldbeapprovedbytheEuropeanCommission

问题4选项

A.dispelsomeofficials’doubtonhisdecisions

B.assurethattheycanbepresentedbeforethecommissionwithsolidevidence

C.demonstratethelatestachievementofhisdecision

D.enhancethestrengthofhisdecision-making

问题5选项

A.induce

B.affect

C.incline

D.evoke

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干关键词“preliminarydecisions”（初步的决定）可定位到文中第一段第二句“ThepreliminarydecisionsarecirculatingwithintheEuropeanCommission,”（初步决定正在拥有最终决定权的欧盟委员会内部流传），故判断C选项“欧盟委员会”正确。

2.细节事实题。由题干关键词“EuropeanCommissionofficial”（欧盟委员会官员）可定位到文中第一段第三句“SomeofficialsthereareskepticalofabanthatwouldupsetthepowerfulbiotechnologyindustryandcouldexacerbatetensionswithimportanttradingpartnersliketheUnitedStates.”（一些官员对这一禁令持怀疑态度，因为它将扰乱强大的生物技术产业，并可能加剧与美国等重要贸易伙伴的紧张关系）。A选项“持怀疑态度的”符合题意，因此A选项正确。B选项“有争议的”，可排除。C选项“发散的”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“矛盾的”不符合题意，可排除。

3.推理判断题。由题干关键词“decisions”（决定）可定位到文中第三段“AdecisionbytheEuropeanUniontobarcultivationofthegeneticallymodifiedcropswouldbethefirstofitskindinthetradebloc,andwouldintensifythecontinuingbattleovergeneticallymodifiedcorn”。中文翻译：欧盟禁止种植转基因作物的决定，将是欧盟首次做出此类决定，并将加剧围绕转基因作物的持续斗争。A选项“出于政治和生物方面的考虑，这些决定旨在禁止销售转基因玉米种子”符合题意，因此A选项正确。B选项“即使没有确凿的证据证明产品有害，也有