考研考博-英语-南阳师范学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南阳师范学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

紧跟世界新军事革命加速发展的潮流，积极稳妥进行国防和军队改革，推动中国特色军事变革深入发展。坚持以创新发展军事理论为先导，着力提高国防科技工业自主创新能力，深入推进军队组织形态现代化，构建中国特色现代军事力量体系。高度关注海洋、太空、网络空间安全，积极运筹和平时期军事力量运用，不断拓展和深化军事斗争准备，提高以打赢信息化条件下局部战争能力为核心的完成多样化军事任务能力。

【答案】答：

Weshouldcloselyfollowthenewglobalmilitaryrevolutionthatisgatheringpace,advancereformofournationaldefenseandarmedforcesinabothactiveandprudentway,anddeepenmilitarytransformationwithChinesecharacteristics.Withinnovativemilitarytheoriestakingthelead,weshouldenhanceourcapacityforinnovationindefense-orientedresearchandindustries,modernizethemilitaryorganizationalstructure,andbuildasystemofmodernmilitaryforceswithChinesecharacteristics.Weshouldattachgreatimportancetomaritime,spaceandcyberspacesecurity.Weshouldmakeactiveplanningfortheuseofmilitaryforcesinpeacetime,expandandintensifymilitarypreparedness,andenhancethecapabilitytoaccomplishawiderangeofmilitarytasks,themostimportantofwhichistowinlocalwarinaninformationage.

2.单选题

Thatterribledaywillbedeeply（）inthechildren’smemory.

问题1选项

A.included

B.embraced

C.embedded

D.removed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项included“包括”；B选项embraced“包含；拥抱”；C选项embedded“使嵌入；使深留脑中”；D选项removed“去掉；移除”。句意：那可怕的一天将……在孩子们的记忆中。关键点Thatterribleday“那可怕的一天”，可知这份记忆是深刻的而且不美好，深深烙印在孩子们的记忆里。beembeddedin“嵌入；扎根于”，因此C选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Histrialisfixedfornextweek,buthehasbeenallowedouton（）.

问题1选项

A.parole

B.leave

C.bail

D.perjury

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项onparole“被假释；假释”；B选项onleave“休假；在休假中；放假”；C选项onbail“保释；保释中”；D选项perjury“伪证；伪证罪；背信弃义”，没有onperjury这个说法。bail与parole的区别：在欧美，被告如果没有逃亡或串供之虞，法官常常裁定保释，类似于我国的取保候审；假释是指已经在服刑的犯人，如果服完了最低刑期标准，同时在狱中表现良好，经假释审查委员会评估通过，就可以提早出狱。句意：他的审判定在下周，但他已获准保释。

4.单选题

Ifyouarealwayssittingupatnight,I’mafraidyoumay（

）fromoverworksoon.

问题1选项

A.fall

B.descend

C.sicken

D.collapse

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。fall“落下；降落”；descend“下降；下来”；sicken“生病”；collapse“倒塌；瓦解”。句意：如果你晚上总是熬夜，那么我担心你可能会因为过度劳累而倒下。选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

Iran’spossibleacquisitionofnuclearweaponsisaseriousmatter,butitdoesnot____militaryaction.

问题1选项

A.compromise

B.ease

C.accommodate

D.justify

【答案】C

【解析】句间逻辑中的转折关系。A选项compromise“妥协，折中”；B选项ease“减轻，缓解”；C选项accommodate“给……提供方便”；D选项justify“证明……是正当的；替……辩护”。句意：虽然伊朗可能拥有核武器是一个严重的问题，但这不____军事行动。根据but推断，前后两句意思发生了转折，前半句表达的是问题的严重性，那么后半句表达的是这件严重的事情还算好的一面，C选项accommodate“给……提供方便”符合语境，句意为“虽然伊朗可能拥有核武器是一个严重的问题，但它不用于军事行动”。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

6.单选题

（）shewaslivinginLondonthatshemetherhusbandTerry.

问题1选项

A.Justwhen

B.Duringthetimewhen

C.Soonafter

D.Itwaswhile

【答案】D

【解析】考查强调句型。强调句的结构为itis+被强调部分+that….故D项正确。句意：她住在伦敦的时候遇见了她的丈夫Terry.

7.单选题

Astheyenteredthevillageshop,theoldladybehindthecounter________atthemkindly.

问题1选项

A.beamed

B.glared

C.grimaced

D.peeped

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。beamatsb.“对某人微笑”；glareatsb.“盯着某人；怒视某人”；grimace“扮鬼脸”；peepat“偷窥”。句意：当他们走进乡村小店时，柜台后面的老妇人朝他们友好地微笑。选项A符合题意。

8.单选题

Jamesisquite（）withthecustomsandlanguagesofthepeopleinthatpartofthecountry.

问题1选项

A.knowledgeable

B.common

C.aware

D.familiar

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。knowledgeable“博学的”;common“普遍的”;aware“意识到的”;familiar“熟悉的”。句意：詹姆斯对这个国家的这个地区人们的习俗和语言都相当熟悉。选项D符合题意。

9.单选题

TheSupremeCourtruledlastweekthatagroupofemployeessuingforagediscriminationshouldgettheirdayincourteventhoughtheyfiledtheircomplaintonthewrongform.Thedecisionisnoteworthybecauseitsuggeststhatthiscourtcouldbepullingbackfromwhathasoftenseemedlikeaknee-jerkinclinationtoruleforcorporationsoverworkersandcustomers.

Groupofcouriersovertheageof40suedFederalExpress,claimingittriedtopushoutolderworkers.TheissuewaswhethertheysubmittedapropercomplainttotheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommissionwithinthelegaltimelimit.FedExclaimedthecouriersfiledthewrongform,butthecourtruled,7to2,thatanintakequestionnaireandasignedaffidavit—whichtheE.E.O.C.consideredavalidcomplaint—metits"permissivestandard"forwhatwasacceptable.

Itissurprisingandwelcometoseethecourtapplyanysortofpermissivestandard,consideringhowitruledinasimilarcasejustlastyear.Throughatorturedandillogicalreadingofthelaw,thecourtruled,5to4,thataGoodyearemployeemissedthedeadlineforfilingacomplaintthatshewaspaidlessthanmalecolleagues.

Thatwasoneofaseriesofrulingsinrecentyearsthatstretchedthelawtocomeoutagainstlittle-guyparties.Inoneegregiousdecisionlastyear,thecourtignoreditsprecedentstoholdthataninmatelosttherighttochallengehismurderconvictionbecausehemissedadeadline—eventhoughhehadfiledtheappealbythedaythefederaldistrictjudge(mistakenly)toldhimto.

TheFedExrulingcouldbeanaberration,oritcouldmarkanewdirection.ThejusticesmayhavebeenchastenedbytheenormouscriticismoftheGoodyearrulingfromCongressandthepublic.(TheHousehaspassedabillreversingit,andtheSenatemaysoonfollow.)Theymayalsobereacting—asthecourthasbeenknowntodo—toshiftingpoliticalwinds.Votersinthiselectionyeardonotappeartofavortheblinddeferencetocorporatepowerthathasbeenathemeofthelastsevenyears.

Itwouldbeamistaketoreadtoomuchintoonedecision.Thereiscertainlyevidencethecourtwillnoteasilyshakeitsunduesolicitudefortheproblemsofcorporations.Oneexamplecamelastweek,inExxon'schallengetoa$2.5billionpunitivedamagesawardagainstitarisingoutoftheExxonValdezoilspill.

ChiefJusticeJohnRoberts,whooncepracticedcorporatelaw,asked,"Sowhatcanacorporationdotoprotectitselfagainstpunitivedamagesawardssuchasthis?"Thecourthasbeenonacampaigntostrikedownlargeawardsofpunitivedamagesagainstcorporations,butthelawyerfortheoilspill'svictims,ProfessorJeffreyFisherofStanfordLawSchool,hadtheanswer:"Itcanhirefitandcompetentpeople."

1.Whatcouldbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphofthispassage?

2.Inthesecondparagraph,theauthorusestheexampleofFedExcouriers'caseto（）.

3.Theword"egregious"inthefourthparagraphmostprobablymeans（）.

4.Fromthelasttwoparagraphs,wecandrawtheconclusionthat（）.

5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthecourt'sverdictintheFedExcaseseemstobe（）

问题1选项

A.TheSupremeCourtseemedlikelytosupporttheemployees.

B.Courtsseemedlikelytoruleforcompaniesoverworkersandconsumers.

C.Agroupofemployeesfailedontheiraccusationbecausetheyfiledtheircomplaintonthewrongform.

D.AgroupofworkersgottheirholidaysfromtheverdictoftheSupremeCourt.

问题2选项

A.showitissurprisingthatthecourtappliedanysortofpermissivestandard

B.expressthatthepublicwelcometheapplicationofanysortofpermissivestandardbythecourt.

C.showthatFedExtriedtopushoutoldworkers

D.indicatethatthecourthaschangedsomeconventions

问题3选项

A.extremelybad

B.verysimilar

C.extravagant

D.quitenoticeable

问题4选项

A.thecourthasbeenonacampaigntoprotectthecorporations

B.thecourthasbeenonacampaigntoverdictforworkersandconsumers

C.thecourtwillnoteasilygiveupitssolicitudefortheproblemsofthecompanies

D.thecourtwillstillverdictforthecompaniesregardlessoftheFedExcase

问题5选项

A.cautiouslyoptimistic

B.suspicious

C.dissatisfied

D.indifferent

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.推断题。根据文章第一段，“…thiscourtcouldbepullingbackfromwhathasoftenseemedlikeaknee-jerkinclinationtoruleforcorporationsoverworkersandcustomers.”，可知最高法院可能会撤回一种下意识的倾向，转而为企业而非员工和客户做出裁决。可推断出法院似乎会支持员工。选项A符合题意。

2.推断题。根据文章第三段第一句，“Itissurprisingandwelcometoseethecourtapplyanysortofpermissivestandard,consideringhowitruledinasimilarcasejustlastyear.”，可知考虑到最高法院去年在一起类似案件中是如何做出裁决的，它会采用任何一种宽容的标准，这令人惊讶，也令人欢迎。又因为此句是对第二段内容的一个总结和衔接，可推断出第二段联邦快递的例子就是为了证明此观点，法院竟然采用了一种宽容的标准，这是令人惊讶的。选项A符合题意。

3.词义理解题。根据文章第四段，“Inoneegregiousdecisionlastyear,thecourtignoreditsprecedentstoholdthataninmatelosttherighttochallengehismurderconvictionbecausehemissedadeadline…”，可知在去年的一项过分的裁决中，最高法院忽视其判例，认定一名囚犯因为错过了最后期限而失去了对谋杀罪提出质疑的权利。可判断出egregious是一个消极意义的单词，意为“极坏的，糟糕的，过分的”。选项A符合题意。

4.推断题。A和D项都是对联邦例子细节上的描写和体现，并不是一个总结，可排除。根据文章最后一段，“Thecourthasbeenonacampaigntostrikedownlargeawardsofpunitivedamagesagainstcorporations”，可知法院在进行一场运动，以废除对公司的巨额惩罚性赔偿，而且下文提到公司可以雇佣更加有能力的人，可判断出法院并没有一直做出有利于员工和消费者的裁决，选项B可排除。根据文章第六段，“Itwouldbeamistaketoreadtoomuchintoonedecision.Thereiscertainlyevidencethecourtwillnoteasilyshakeitsunduesolicitudefortheproblemsofcorporations.”，可知对一个判决进行过分解读是错误的，有确凿的证据表明，法院不会轻易动摇它对公司问题的过分关注。可推断出法院不会轻易放弃对公司问题的关注。选项C符合题意。

5.推断题。根据全文，可知作者对法院之前的裁决表现出不认同的态度，根据文章第三段，“Itissurprisingandwelcometoseethecourtapplyanysortofpermissivestandard”，可知联邦快递事件的裁决运用了宽容标准，是令人惊讶并且受人欢迎的。但第五段第一句又提到对于本事件的裁决也可能标志着一个新的方向。可推断出作者对联邦快递事件的法院判决的态度似乎是持怀疑态度的。选项B符合题意。

10.翻译题

中国是世界文明的发源地之一，有五千年的文明史。在中国古代思想史上，涌现出了许许多多杰出的思想家，为中华民族乃至整个人类留下了丰富的思想遗产。这些思想成果独树一帜，在漫长的历史中又不断地被阐释、被发展，很多思想对于今天的中国乃至世界而言，仍然历久弥新，极具生命力。比如，儒家学派创始人孔子“仁”的理念、“和”的思想，不仅在当代中国，在其他亚洲国家也一直备受推崇。

【答案】Chinaisoneofthebirthplacesoftheworldcivilizationwhichhasa5,000-yearhistory.TherearemanyoutstandingideologistsinChineseancientthoughthistorythatleftarichideologicalheritageforourChinaandeventhewholemankind.Theideologicalachievementswereveryuniqueandconstantlyexplainedanddevelopedinthelonghistory.Today,someofthesethoughtsarestilllivelyandfullofvitalityfortoday’sChinaandthewholeworld.Forexample,theidealof“benevolence”andthe“harmony”thoughtofConfuciuswhoistheoriginatorofConfucianschoolhavebeenpraisedhighlybyChinaandotherAsiancountriesatpresent.

11.单选题

Hisfamilyhadalmostforgotten______like.

问题1选项

A.howhisfacewas

B.whichwashisface

C.whathisfacewas

D.thathisfacewas

【答案】C

【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：他的家人几乎已经忘记了他长的什么样子。根据句型itislike…，得出C选项whathisfacewas符合题意。因此C选项正确。

12.单选题

5.

问题1选项

A.Extremelysevere.

B.Notverysevere.

C.Moreseverethanexpected.

D.It’shardtosay.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Howstrongisthepainexactly?Onascaleof1-10,howwouldyoudescribetheintensityofthepain?

W:Well,I’dsaythepainisabouta2onascaleof1-10.LikeIsay,it’snotreallybad.Itjustkeepscomingback.

Q:Howsevereisthepain?

【解析】细节题。女士说：I’dsaythepainisabouta2onascaleof1-10.LikeIsay,it’snotreallybad（疼痛级别大概为2，还不算太严重）。

13.填空题

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereisoneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

TwotypicalGermanshepherdskeptaspetsinEuropeconsumemoreinayearthantheaveragepersonlivinginBangladesh,accordingtoresearchbysustainabilityexpertsBrendaandRobertValeofVictoriaUniversityinNewZealand.Soaretheworld’senvironmentalillsreallyaresultoftheburgeoningnumberofhumansontheplanet—predictedtoreachatleastninebillionpeopleby2050?Orisitmoreduetothefactthatalthoughthehumanpopulationhasdoubledinthepast50years,wehaveincreasedouruseofresourcesfourfold?

Afterall,theroughly40,000attendeesoftherecentclimateconferenceinCopenhagenproducedmoregreenhousegasemissionsinjusttwoweeksthan600,000Ethiopiansproduceinayear.(41)

AssimplyputbytheUnitedNationsMillenniumEcosystemAssessmentin2005:“HumanactivityisputtingsuchstrainonthenaturalfunctionsofEarththattheabilityoftheplanet’secosystemstosustainfuturegenerationscannolongerbetakenforgranted.”

Andconsumerismisn’tevendeliveringonitsownpromise-abetterlife.“Notonlyisconsumerculturecausingunprecedentedenvironmentalhavoc,itisinmanycasesnotdeliveringthewell-beingforhumanbeingsitissupposedto,”arguedChristopherFlavin,presidentoftheWorldwatchInstituteduringapressconferencelastweektoreleaseitsnewStateoftheWorldreport,“TransformingCultures:FromConsumerismtoSustainability.”(42)

Whatdoeshemeanbyaculturalshift?Well,forexample,achangefromcurrentWesternburialmethods—injectingcorpseswithtoxicchemicals,sealingtheminexpensive,non-degradableboxesthatarethenplantedincemeteriesthatmaintaineternalgreennesswithfertilizersandpesticides—toburyinglovedonesinwaysdesignedtohealfamiliesaswellasthelocalenvironment(andultimatelyturningthesesitesintonaturalreserves).“Twocenturiesofintentionalcultivationofconsumerismhasledustoseeitasperfectlynaturaltoseeourselvesprimarilybywhatandhowweconsume,”arguedErikAssadourian,leadauthorofthereportforWorldwatch,whetherthatbeMcDonald’shamburgersorHummervehicles.

(43)“It’snotaprojectoutofwholenewcloth,”arguedreportco-authorandpoliticalscientistMichaelManiatesofAlleghenyCollegeinPennsylvania.“Therearestrongculturalelementsthattreasurethingslikefrugalityorthrift.Weneedtore-centerconditionsinculturethatcalloutthatwithinusthathasbeensuppressed.”

(44)“Consumerismisnowspreadingaroundtheworld,”Assadourianadded,notingthatChina,amongotherthings,hassurpassedtheU.S.asthelargestmarketfornewcarsaswellasthelargestemitterofgreenhousegases.“Isthisgoingtokeepspreading?Orarecountriesgoingtostartrecognizingthatthisisnotagoodpath?”

Atthesametime,aculturalshiftmayalreadybeunderway,representedbyeffortssuchasthoseinEcuadortoenshrinerightsfor“MotherBarth”inthecountry’sconstitutionorthoseatU.S.-basedcarpetmanufacturerInterfacetocreateaproductthatrequiresusingnothingfromthenaturalworldthatthenaturalworldcannotreplace.

(45)ButperhapslustforthelatestiterationofApplemerchandisecanbereplacedwithwhatserialinventorSaulGriffithscallstheheirloomculture,”productsthatlastforalifetimeorbeyond.“Inessence,thedisposablelifewillbereplacedbyasustainableone,”Assadouriansaid,“aworldwheremachismoisnotconnectedtothesizeofacarbutthefactthatyoudon’thaveoneatall.”

Inotherwords,it’sourconsumer-driveneconomy,stupid.Oh,andtheadvertisers.“Wearenotstupid,we’renotignorant,wedon’tevennecessarilyhavebadvalueswithrespecttotheenvironment,”Maniatesadded.“We’retryingtodoourbestwithinculturalsystemsthatelevateunsustainablechoices.”

Ofcourse,atthesametime,Worldwatchwouldlikeyoutospend$19.95forapaperbackversionofitsreport,or$9.95foraPDForelectronicdocumentforyour(yetanothergadget)Kindle.Switchingawayfromacapitalistethicofconsumerismcontinuestobeeasiersaidthandone.

A.ThekindsofchangesinpolicydiscussedatCopenhagenarealsocriticaland,infact,willgohandinhandwithaculturalshift(fromconsumerismtosustainability.)

B.Noristhisculturalethicofconsumerismconfinedtothedevelopedworld;developingcountriesareadoptingitasaneconomicmodel.

C.ThereforetheClimateConferenceinCopenhagenisessentialfortheworld’sclimateandUNFCCCisputtinghardeffortinmakingthemeetingasuccessendingupwithaCopenhagenProtocoltopreventglobalwarming.

D.Generallyspeaking,however,sucheffortshavebeenswampedthroughouttheworldinarisingtideofconsumerism,especiallysurroundingthelatestelectronicgadgets.

E.TheWorldwatchresearchersidentifysixkeyinstitutionsthatmustbechangedtopromotesustainability:education,business,media,government,socialmovementsandculturaltraditions.

F.Infact,theworld’srichest500millionpeopleproduce50percentofglobalcarbondioxideemissionscomparedtothe6percentproducedbytheworld’spoorest3billion.

【答案】41.F

42.A

43.E

44.B

45.D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.ThekindsofchangesinpolicydiscussedatCopenhagenarealsocriticaland,infact,willgohandinhandwithaculturalshift(fromconsumerismtosustainability.)A.在哥本哈根会议上讨论的政策变化也是至关重要的，事实上，它将与文化的转变（从消费主义到可持续发展）携手并进。

B.Noristhisculturalethicofconsumerismconfinedtothedevelopedworld;developingcountriesareadoptingitasaneconomicmodel.B.这种消费主义的文化伦理并不局限于发达国家；发展中国家正在采用它作为一种经济模式。

C.ThereforetheClimateConferenceinCopenhagenisessentialfortheworld’sclimateandUNFCCCisputtinghardeffortinmakingthemeetingasuccessendingupwithaCopenhagenProtocoltopreventglobalwarming.C.因此，哥本哈根气候会议对世界气候至关重要，联合国气候变化框架公约（UNFCCC）正在努力使这次会议成功达成防止全球变暖的哥本哈根议定书。

D.Generallyspeaking,however,sucheffortshavebeenswampedthroughouttheworldinarisingtideofconsumerism,especiallysurroundingthelatestelectronicgadgets.D.然而，总的来说，这些努力已经淹没在一股消费主义的浪潮中，特别是围绕着最新的电子产品。

E.TheWorldwatchresearchersidentifysixkeyinstitutionsthatmustbechangedtopromotesustainability:education,business,media,government,socialmovementsandculturaltraditions.E.世界观察组织的研究人员指出，为了促进可持续发展，必须改变6个关键机构：教育、商业、媒体、政府、社会运动和文化传统。

F.Infact,theworld’srichest500millionpeopleproduce50percentofglobalcarbondioxideemissionscomparedtothe6percentproducedbytheworld’spoorest3billion.F.事实上，世界上最富有的5亿人产生了全球50%的二氧化碳排放，而世界上最贫穷的30亿人只产生了6%。

41.空格前一句讲的是“在哥本哈根举行的气候大会的大约4万名与会者在短短两周内产生的温室气体比埃塞俄比亚60万名与会者一年产生的温室气体还要多”，这是对温室气体排放量的比较，推测空格处和温室气体排放有关，因此F项正确。

42.空格上一句提到了“文化转变：从消费主义到可持续发展（TransformingCultures:FromConsumerismtoSustainability.）”，这与A选项完全符合，因此A项正确。

43.根据空格后马尼亚茨说的内容“这不是一个全新的项目，这里有强烈的文化元素，珍视节俭之类的东西。”，从中可推测，空格句讲到了一个项目计划；结合上一段提到了世界观察组织的报告，所以E选项最符合。因此E项正确。

44.从空格后的内容“消费主义现在正在世界各地蔓延……中国已经超过美国，成为最大的新车市场和最大的温室气体排放国”可知，消费主义已经发展到世界各地，向发展中国家蔓延，B项符合该段意思。因此B项正确。

45.空格上一段讲的是在转变消费文化上做的努力，而空格后一句的内容是“但是，对最新一代苹果产品的渴望或许可以被连续发明人索尔格里菲斯所说的传家宝文化所取代，即可以使用一辈子或更久的产品”，其中用到了转折词but，说明这一句是对空格句的转折，这一句提到了关键词“最新苹果产品”，所以推测空格处是与之相关的。因此D项正确。

14.单选题

ThecollapseoftheEarth’smagneticfield—whichguardstheplanetandguidesmanyofitscreatures—appearstohavestartedseriouslyabout150yearsago,theNewYorkTimesreportedlastweek.

Thefield’sstrengthhasdecreasedby10or15percentsofarandthishasincreasedthedebateoverwhetheritsignalsareversaloftheplanet’slinesofmagneticforce.

Duringareversal,themainfieldweakens,almostvanishes,andreappearswithoppositepolarity（极）.Thetransitionwouldtakethousandsofyears.Oncecompleted,compassneedlesthathadpointednorthwouldpointsouth.Areversalcouldcauseproblemsforbothmanandanimals.Astronautsandsatelliteswouldhavedifficulties.Birds,fishandanimalsthatrelyonthemagneticfieldfornavigationwouldfindmigrationconfusing.Butexpertssaidtheeffectswouldnotbeabigdisaster,despiteclaimsofdoomandvagueevidenceoflinksbetweenpastfieldreversalsandspeciesextinctions.

Althoughatotaltransitionmaybehundredsorthousandsofyearsaway,therapiddeclineinmagneticstrengthisalreadyaffectingsatellites.Lastmonth,theEuropeanSpaceAgencyapprovedtheworld’slargesteffortattrackingthefield’sshifts.Agroupofnewsatellites,calledSwarm,istomonitorthecollapsingfieldwithfargreaterprecision.“Wewanttogetsomeideaofhowthiswouldevolveinthenearfuture,justlikepeopletryingtopredicttheweather，”saidGauthierHulot,aFrenchgeophysicistworkingonthesatelliteplan.“I’mpersonallyquiteconvincedweshouldbeabletoworkoutthefirstpredictionsbytheendofthemission.’’

Nomatterwhatthenewfindings,thepublichasnoreasontopanic.Evenifatransitioniscomingonitsway,itmighttake2,000yearstomature.Thelastonetookplace780,000yearsago,whenearlyhumanswerelearninghowtomakestonetools.DeepinsidetheEarthflowhotcurrentsofmeltediron.Thismechanicalenergycreateselectromagnetism.Thisprocessisknownasthegeophysicalgenerator.Inacar’sgenerator,thesameprincipleturnsmechanicalenergyintoelectricity.

Nooneknowspreciselywhythefieldperiodicallyreverses.Butscientistssaytheresponsibilityprobablylieswithchangesinthedisorderlyflowsofmeltediron,whichtheyseeassimilartothegasesthatmakeupthecloudsofJupiter.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theEarth’smagneticfieldhas（

）.

2.DuringthetransitionoftheEarth’smagneticfield（

）.

3.Theauthorsaysthepublichasnoreasontopanic”because（

）.

4.ThecauseofthetransitionoftheEarth’smagneticfieldcomesfrom（

）.

问题1选项

A.misguidedmanyamanandanimal

B.beguntochangeintheoppositedirection

C.causedthechangesonthepolarities

D.beenweakeninginstrengthforalongtime

问题2选项

A.thecompasswillbecomeuseless

B.manandanimalswillbeconfusedindirections

C.themagneticstrengthoftheEarthwilldisappear

D.themagneticstrengthoftheEarthwillbestronger

问题3选项

A.thetransitionisstillthousandsofyearsfromnow

B.thetransitioncanbepreciselypredictedbyscientists

C.theprocessofthetransitionwilltakeaverylongtimetofinish

D.thenewtransitionwillcome780,000yearsfromnow

问题4选项

A.themovementdeepinsidetheEarth

B.theperiodicalreversesoftheEarth

C.theforcecoiningfromouterspace

D.themechanicalmovementoftheEarth

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节题。文章前两段指出地球磁场开始发生变化，后来指出正在向相反的方向发生变化。故选B。

2.细节题。根据题干关键词transition定位至第三段。由此推测B项“人和动物在方向上会混淆”正确。

3.细节题。根据题干关键词publichasnoreasontopanic定位至第五段。由此推测B项“人和动物在方向上会混淆”正确。关键词publichasnoreasontopanic后面就讲了原因:itmighttake2,000yearstomature(可能要2000年才能成熟)。故选C。

4.细节题。根据题干关键词causeofthetransitionoftheEarth’smagneticfield定位至最后一段:changesinthedisorderlyflowsofmeltediron,即原因是地球内部深处流动着液体铁，这种机械能会产生电磁。

15.单选题

ThechangeingloballyaveragedtemperaturethathaveoccurredatthattheEarth’ssurfaceoverthepastcenturyaresimilarinsizeandtimingtothose（1）bymodelstakeintoaccountthecombinedinfluencesofhumanfactorsandsolarvariability.

To（2）thequestionofattributionrequiresthe（3）ofmorepowerfulandcomplexmethods,beyondtheuseofglobalaveragesalone.Newstudieshavefocusedon（4）mapsorpatternsoftemperaturechangein（5）andinmodels.Patternanalysisistheclimatologicallyequivalentofthemorecomprehensivetestsinthemedicalanalogymentioned（6）,andmakesitpossibletoachievemoredefinitive（7）ofobservedclimatechangedtoaparticularcauseorcauses.

TheexpectedinfluenceofhumanactivitiesisthoughttobemuchmorecomplexthanuniformwarmingovertheentiresurfaceoftheEarthandoverthewhole（8）cycle.Patternsofchangeoverspaceandtimethereforeprovideamorepowerful（9）technique.Thebasicidea（10）pattern-basedapproachesisthatdifferent（11）causesofclimatechangehavedifferentcharacteristicpatternsofclimateresponseorfingerprints.Attributionstudiesseekto（12）afingerprintmatchbetweenthepatternsofclimatechange（13）bymodelsandthoseactuallyobserved.

Themostrecentassessmentofthesciencesuggeststhathumanactivitieshaveledtoadiscernible（14）onglobalclimateandthattheseactivitieswillhaveandincreasinginfluenceonfutureclimate.Theburningofcoal,oilandnaturalgas,aswellasvariousagriculturalandindustrialpractices,are（15）thecompositionoftheatmosphereandcontributingtoclimatechange.Thesehumanactivitieshaveledtoincreasedatmospheric（16）ofanumberofgreenhousegases,includingcarbondioxide,methaneandsoonintheloweratmosphere.

Humanactivities,suchastheburningoffossil,havealsoincreasedthe（17）ofsmallparticlesintheatmosphere.Theseparticlescanchangethe（18）ofenergythatisabsorbedandreflectedbytheatmosphere.Theyarealsobelievedtomodifythe（19）ofairandclouds,changingtheamountofenergythattheyabsorbandreflect.Intensivestudiesoftheclimateeffectsoftheseparticlesbeganonlyrecentlyandtheoverall（20）isuncertain.Itislikelythattheneteffectofthesesmallparticlesistocooltheclimateandtopartiallyoffsetthewarmingofincreasingconcentrationsofgreenhousegases.

问题1选项

A.incensed

B.personify

C.interact

D.predicted

问题2选项

A.array

B.ascertain

C.probe

D.perturb

问题3选项

A.application

B.integration

C.avenge

D.intervene

问题4选项

A.conforming

B.comparing

C.biding

D.budgeting

问题5选项

A.junctions

B.junctures

C.obligations

D.observations

问题6选项

A.optionally

B.ornamentally

C.previously

D.predicatively

问题7选项

A.attribution

B.autonomy

C.indication

D.induction

问题8选项

A.immune

B.seasonal

C.formidable

D.perceptible

问题9选项

A.analysis

B.disposal

C.antigen

D.disincentive

问题10选项

A.avenging

B.underestimating

C.ascending

D.underlying

问题11选项

A.potential

B.respectable

C.secretive

D.sturdy

问题12选项

A.weary

B.obtain

C.wink

D.retard

问题13选项

A.oriented

B.kenned

C.predicted

D.lapsed

问题14选项

A.modification

B.nomination

C.penetration

D.influence

问题15选项

A.paving

B.altering

C.retreating

D.saluting

问题16选项

A.stabilities

B.popularities

C.concentrations

D.hierarchies

问题17选项

A.abundance

B.hemisphere

C.fixture

D.distress

问题18选项

A.burial

B.argumentation

C.legislation

D.amount

问题19选项

A.disposals

B.properties

C.certainties

D.blends

问题20选项

A.calculation

B.assignment

C.budget

D.effect

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

第6题:C

第7题:A

第8题:B

第9题:A

第10题:D

第11题:A

第12题:B

第13题:C

第14题:D

第15题:B

第16题:C

第17题:A

第18题:D

第19题:B

第20题:D

【解析】1.考查动词词义辨析。A选项incensed“激怒”；B选项personify“拟人化”；C选项interact“互相影响”；D选项predicted“预测”。句意：地球表面发生的全球平均温度的变化在大小和时间上与模型预测的相似。本句表示模型预测了地球表面温度的变化。因此D选项符合题意。

2.考查动词词义辨析。A选项array“排列”；B选项ascertain“确定”；C选项probe“调查”；D选项perturb“扰乱”。此处的意思是调查问题的原因。因此C选项符合题意。

3.考查上下文语义。A选项application“应用”；B选项integration“集成”；C选项avenge“报仇”；D选项intervene“干涉”。此处的意思是运用更强大更复杂的方法来调查原因。因此A选项符合题意。

4.考查动词词义辨析。A选项conforming“符合”；B选项comparing“比较”；C选项biding“忍耐”；D选项budgeting“编制预算”。句意：新的研究集中于比较温度变化图和温度变化模式。本句表示将变化图和变化模式两者进行比较。因此B选项符合题意。

5.考查名词词义辨析。A选项junctions“接合点”；B选项junctures“接缝”；C选项obligations“义务”；D选项observations“观察”。句意：观察到的和模型中的温度变化模式。本句表示观察到的温度变化和模型中的温度变化两方面。因此D选项符合题意。

6.考查副词词义辨析。A选项optionally“随意地”；B选项ornamentally“装饰地”；C选项previously“以前”；D选项predicatively“肯定地”。此处是指之前提到过的。因此C选项符合题意。

7.考查名词词义辨析。A选项attribution“归因”；B选项autonomy“自治”；C选项indication“指示”；D选项induction“归纳”。此处的意思是将观测到的气候变化归因于一个或多个特定的原因。因此A选项符合题意。

8.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项immune“免疫的”；B选项seasonal“季节的”；C选项formidable“强大的”；D选项perceptible“可感知的”。此处的意思是整个季节周期性的均匀变暖。因此B选项符合题意。

9.考查上下文语义。A选项analysis“分析”；B选项disposal“处理”；C选项antigen“抗原”；D选项disinc