考研考博-英语-嘉兴学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-嘉兴学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

ImaystillbefeelingtheeffectsofanesthesiawhenIcomehomefromthehospital,soIhopeyouarewillingtoaccompanywithmetheretomorrowandbringmeback.

问题1选项

A.maystillbefeeling

B.whenIcomehomefromthe

C.arewilling

D.accompanywithme

E.没有问题

【答案】D

【解析】固定短语误用。去掉with。由关键词“there那里”知这里表示“陪我到那里”意思，这里应用accompanysb.tosomewhere陪某人到某地”，再由there“在那里”这个副词前一般不用i词to（如gothere“去那里”）知这里直接去掉with就可以了。accompanywithsb.意思为“陪伴某人”（后面一般不接表示地点的副词）。

2.单选题

Cigarettesmokehasbeenshowntocontainnumerouscompoundsthatareknowntocause

A

B

cancerinexperimentalanimalsandtheyappeartobestronglylinkedtohumancancer,

C

D

especiallycancerofthelung.

问题1选项

A.Cigarettesmoke

B.areknownto

C.they

D.linked

【答案】C

【解析】考查关系代词。and连接两个并列的定语从句，修饰先行词compounds（化合物）。

试题答案：C;that

3.单选题

Itisaclassiccaseofthebored-housewifesyndrome—doingnothingalldaybutdrinkandgoshopping.

问题1选项

A.hindrance

B.synthesis

C.system

D.symptomsorsignstoformarecognizablepattern

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项hindrance“障碍；妨碍；妨害；阻碍物”；B选项synthesis“综合，[化学]合成；综合体”；C选项system“制度，体制；系统；方法”；D选项symptomsorsignstoformarecognizablepattern“形成可识别模式的症状或体征”。句意：这是一个典型的无聊家庭主妇综合症——整天无所事事，只喝酒和购物。结合此处关键词syndrome“[临床]综合症状；并发症状；校验子；并发位”，得知B选项正确。

4.单选题

Theterm“evaluation”,sometimescalled“institutional”inhighereducation,hasadifferentconnotationfrom“measurement”and“assessment”asdefinedhere.Theprocessofdate-gatheringandscoring,codingorratingselectedconstructsistypicallyfollowedbymorecomplexactivitiesofaddingsomeinterpretivevalueandjudgmentstotheinformationthatisgenerated.Thislatterprocessofaddingjudgmentsofworthormerittotheresultsofmeasurement/assessmentinapplieddecision-makingcontextsistermed“evaluation”.Forexample,ifanindividual’sexaminationscoreis76,isitworthan“A”ora“B”grade?Shouldtheindividualbepromotedtothenextlevelofanundergraduatedegreeprogram?Theprocessbywhichstandardsandcriteriaareappliedtomakesuchdecisionsiscalledevaluation.Evaluations,thus,aremotivatedbyandcloselytiedtostakeholderneedsforinformationthatspeaktoparticulareducationalpracticeorpolicyconcerns.

Evaluativedecisionscanbeoftwotypes,dependingonhowtheassessment/measurementinformationisused:formativeorsummative.Formativeevaluationeffortsaredesignedforcontinuousqualityimprovementofparticularinstitutionalunits,suchasadepartment,school,program,orindividualstaff/facultyandstudents.Summativeevaluationsininstitutions,ontheotherhand,aredesignedformakingsomefinaljudgmentsofmerit,worthorimpact.SummativeevaluationsintheU.S.arefrequentlystimulatedfromtheoutsidebygovernmentagencies,states,upperlevelcollege/universityadministrators,andaccreditingbodiesthatareinterestedinmakingjudgmentsonwhetheracollegeoruniversitysystemiseffective.

Formativeevaluationsimplyfeedbackloops;resultsmustbesharedwithrelevantstakeholdersandprogrampersonnelsothatchanges,refinementsandimprovementstotheunitscanoccurusingtheinformation.Anassumptionisthatallunitsinanorganizationstriveforexcellence,andthatongoingdatagenerationwillinformthedevelopmentandprogressofvariousunitsandtheinstitutionasawhole.Forexample,individualfacultyandprogramsmaywishtouseresultsofstudentoutcomesassessmentformativelytoimproveteachingmethodsorprovideaddedlearningsupportstounder-preparedstudents.

Forassessmentinformationtobeusefulinaformativeway,evaluationresearchers/usershavetobeabletoexplainthecausalmechanismsandchainofevents/actionsthatledtotheresults:IfwefailedtogetoutcomeYinthisprogram,whatshouldhavehappenedthatfailedtohappen?Fordiagnosticutilityintheinformation,therehastobeafocusonmeasuringnotjustoutcomes,butalsotheprecedingactivities(processes)andexpectedresources(inputs).

Attheinstitutionallevel,summativeevaluationsandassociateddecisionsofteninvolveaccountabilityactions,resourceallocationsorwithdrawalofresources,impositionofsanctions,institutionalaccreditation,orrecognition/rewardsforindividuals,programsortheinstitution.Forindividualstudents,summativeevaluationscaninvolveplacementoradmissionintoselectiveprogramsbasedonadmissionstesting,suchasbasedonscoredoftheSAT(previouslytheScholasticAssessmentTest).Forfaculty,theycaninvolvegrantingoftenure,meritrecognitions,andrelatedpayraisesorpromotions.

1.Howcan“data-gatheringandscoring,codingorratingselectedconstructs”inthefirstparagraphbeprocessed?

2.SummativeevaluationsintheU.S.arefrequentlystimulatedbythefollowingelementsEXCEPT（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutevaluation?

4.Thehighlightedword“they”inthelastparagraphrefersto（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthewholepassage?

问题1选项

A.Viaparticulareducationalpracticeorpolicyconcerns.

B.Viaappropriatemeasuringorassessmenttools.

C.Viaobjectiveassumptions.

D.Viainterpretationandjudgments.

问题2选项

A.individualstaff/facultyandstudents

B.accreditingbodiesthatareinterestedinmakingjudgmentsonwhetheracollegeoruniversitysystemiseffective.

C.governmentagencies.

D.upperlevelcollege/universityadministrators

问题3选项

A.Theprocessofaddingjudgmentsofworthormerittotheresultsofmeasurementinapplieddecision-makingcontextsistermed“evaluation”.

B.Summativeevaluationsininstitutions,ontheotherhand,aredesignedformakingsomefinaljudgmentsofmerit,worthorimpact.

C.Forformativeevaluations,resultsmustbesharedwithrelevantstakeholdersandprogrampersonnelsothatchanges,reflectionsandimprovementstotheunitscanoccurusingtheinformation.

D.Evaluativedecisionscanbeoftwotypes,dependingonhowtheassessment/measurementinformationisused:formativeorsummative.

问题4选项

A.selectiveprograms

B.admissions

C.summativeevaluations

D.individualstudents

问题5选项

A.Assessment

B.AssessmentandEvaluation

C.FormativeEvaluation

D.Evaluation

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“Theprocessofdate-gatheringandscoring,codingorratingselectedconstructsistypicallyfollowedbymorecomplexactivitiesofaddingsomeinterpretivevalueandjudgmentstotheinformationthatisgenerated.”，可知数据收集和评分、编码或对选定的结构进行评级的过程通常会伴随着更复杂的活动，即为生成的信息添加一些解释价值和判断。可判断出需要通过解释和判断对数据收集和评分、编码或对选定的结构进行评级。选项D符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“SummativeevaluationsintheU.S.arefrequentlystimulatedfromtheoutsidebygovernmentagencies,states,upperlevelcollege/universityadministrators,andaccreditingbodies…”，可知在美国，总结性评价通常是由外部刺激而成的，包括政府机构、州、高级学院/大学管理人员和认证机构。所以文中没有提及教职员及学生。选项A符合题意。

3.推断题。根据文章第一段，“Thislatterprocessofaddingjudgmentsofworthormerittotheresultsofmeasurement/assessmentinapplieddecision-makingcontextsistermed“evaluation”.”，可知选项A正确，可排除。根据文章第二段，“Summativeevaluationsininstitutions,ontheotherhand,aredesignedformakingsomefinaljudgmentsofmerit,worthorimpact.”，可知选项B正确，可排除。根据文章第三段，“Formativeevaluationsimplyfeedbackloops;resultsmustbesharedwithrelevantstakeholdersandprogrampersonnelsothatchanges,refinementsandimprovementstotheunitscanoccurusingtheinformation.”，可知C选项中reflections不符合文意。根据文章第二段，“Evaluativedecisionscanbeoftwotypes,dependingonhowtheassessment/measurementinformationisused:formativeorsummative.”，可知选项D正确，可排除。综上，选项C符合题意。

4.细节理解题。上文举了制度层面和单个学生等的具体实例来说明和阐述了总结性评估涉及的领域，所以最后一句中的they就是代指上文提到的summativeevaluations。选项C符合题意。

5.主旨题。纵观全文，第一段提到了“评估”的概念和定义，第二段主要讲到了评估的类型和影响因素，第四段着重介绍了格式化评估的方式和特点，最后一段继续讲到了评估涉及的方面和领域。所以整篇文章都在围绕“评估”这个中心词展开。选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

Abenefitperformanceisaperformanceforwhichacharitableorganizationhasboughtoutatadiscountedpriceand（）fundsbysellingticketsatafullprice.

问题1选项

A.furnishes

B.raises

C.accumulates

D.contributes

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项furnishes“提供”；B选项raises“筹款”；C选项accumulates“积累”；D选项contribute“贡献”。句意：义演是指一个慈善组织以折扣价买断演出，并以全价出售门票来筹集资金的演出。本句表示筹集资金，因此B选项正确。

6.单选题

Sinceneithersidewasreadyto______whatwasnecessaryforpeace,hostilitywasresumedin1980.

问题1选项

A.precede

B.recede

C.concede

D.intercede

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项precede“领先”；B选项recede“后退；减弱”；C选项concede“让步”；D选项intercede“调解，调停”。句意：由于双方都不愿意对和平的必要条件______，1980年又恢复了敌对状态。根据语境，这里指双方不肯让步，C选项concede“让步”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

7.单选题

TheancientChinesethoughtcometswerecelestialbroomswieldedbythegodstosweeptheheavensfreeofevil.IntheWesttheywerebelievedtopresagethefallofJerusalem,thedeathofmonarchsandsuchanomaliesastwo-headedcalves.TheNormanConquestofEnglandwasattributedtothe1006flybyofHalley’s,history’smostfamouscomet,whichhasbeenlinkedtoeverythingfromJuliusCaesar’sassassinationtothedefeatofAttilatheHun.ToldthatEarthwouldpassthroughHalley’stailduringits1910visit,manyAmericanspanickedandboughtgasmasksand“cometpills.”

AlanHalecallsthesewavesoffearandmysticism“cometmadness,”andascodiscovererofCometHale-Bopp,he’sseenmorethanhisshare.Eversincehisfindwasannounced,hehasbeeninundatedwithinquiries,pronouncementsandaccusationsfromthecometaryfringe.

Halehasfoundthatthearrivalofamajorcomet—especiallysoneartheendofamillennium—isstillwidelyregardedasanomenofupheavalanddisasterSeveralChristianFundamentalists,hewritesinthecurrentissueofSkepticalInquirer,haveproclaimedHale-Bopptobeoneofthe“signsoftheendtimes”foretoldintheNewTestament.TheyalsosuggestthatthecometmightbetheobjectdescribedinRevelation8:10asagreatstarnamedWormwoodthat“fellfromheaven,blazinglikeatorch.”Wormwood,accordingtotheBible,destroysathirdofalmosteverything:people,land,riversandseas.Othersclaimthatthecometissomekindofalienmothership“underintelligentcontrol.”

SpeculationreachedafeverpitchlastNovemberwhenChuckShramek,anamateurastronomerbasedinHouston,Texas,announcedonaU.S.radiotalkshowthathehadphotographeda“Satum-likeobject”thatseemedtobefollowinginHale-Bopp'swake.Shramek’sbreathlessclaimelevatedHale-BoppfantasiesfromsupermarkettabloidstothemainstreampressandgeneratedthousandsofpoststomessageboardsandastronomyhomepagesontheInternet.Onefast-spreadingrumorhaditthattheobjectwasanalienspacecraftfourtimesthesizeofEarth.

Halewasbarragedwithreporters’queries,andinanefforttocalmthereporters,heinvestigatedShramek’sphotographanddeterminedthatthe“object”initwasanordinaryeighth-magnitudestar.AfterpostinghisconclusionsontheNet,HalebecamethetargetofafloodofhateE-mail,muchofitaccusinghimofbeingpartofaconspiracytosuppressthetruenatureofHale-Bopp.

Haleacknowledgesthatitwasonlynaturalforourancestorstobeapprehensiveaboutthefieryapparitionsinthenightsky.Butheisimpatientwithhismodemcounterparts,whoshouldknowbetter.“Iaskreaderstotreatalltheseirresponsiblereportswiththedisdaintheydeserve,”hesays,“andinsteadenjoythebeautyofthecometforitsownsake,”

1.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（）

2.AlanHale’sattitudetowardshiscontemporaryastronomers’sreportsaboutnewlydiscoveredcometsis（）

3.WhichofthefollowingisFALSEaccordingtothepassage?

4.Judgingbythecontext,theword“inundated”inParagraphTwomostprobablymeans（）

5.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat（）

问题1选项

A.Comets,OmensofDisasters

B.TheDiscoveryofCometHale-Bopp

C.AlanHale,AGreatAstronomer

D.CrazyaboutComets

问题2选项

A.contemptuous

B.unconcerned

C.liberal

D.positive

问题3选项

A.ThereareavarietyofexplanationsofComet-Bopp.

B.IntheWest,cometsareregardedasomensofupheavalsanddisasters.

C.AlanHalehasdiscoveredmanyothercometsexceptcometHale-Bopp.

D.ManypeoplewerenotsatisfiedbyAlanHale’sinterpretationofChuckShramek’sfind.

问题4选项

A.relished

B.overwhelmed

C.charged

D.deprived

问题5选项

A.ChuckShramek’sclaimcausedagreatpublicconcernandinterest

B.AlanHaleisnotfondofE-mail

C.Fewastronomersaresuperstitious

D.MostAmericansarenotimpressionable

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文首段提到西方人们对彗星的恐惧，接下来主要讲了天文学家Hale对彗星的研究以及受到人们的指控。所以选项C更符合本文主题。

2.观点态度题。根据最后一段的第二句“Butheisimpatientwithhismodemcounterparts,whoshouldknowbetter.”但他对当代的天文学家们没有耐心，他认为他们应该知道得更多。由此推断，Hale

的是轻蔑的。选项A正确。unconcerned不关心的；liberal慷慨的；positive积极的。

3.细节事实题。文中只提到Hale发现了波普彗星，但没有说发现了许多其他的彗星，所以选项C表述错误。

4.词义题。根据原文：自从他宣布了自己的发现，他就被各种调查、声明和指控淹没了。选项B符合原文。relished品味；charged被指控；deprived被剥夺。

5.细节事实题。根据第四段的倒数第二句“Shramek’sbreathlessclaimelevated...ontheInternet.”Shramek令人窒息的声明将Comet-Bopp的幻想从超市小报提升到了主流媒体，并在互联网上的留言板和天文学主页上发布了数千条帖子。选项A符合原文。

8.单选题

Fibersofhairandwoolarenotcontinuousandmustnormallybespunintothread______wovenintotextilefabrics.

问题1选项

A.asarethey

B.whentobe

C.thattheyare

D.iftheyaretobe

【答案】D

【解析】考查状语从句。句意：毛发和羊毛纤维是无法连续不断，如果要织成纺织织物，通常必须纺成线。横线到句尾部分为条件状语从句。betodo可用于条件状语从句，意为“如果想……”；根据fibers和weave的被动关系确定用被动语态，D选项iftheyaretobe符合题意。因此D选项正确。

9.单选题

LikemostotherAmericancompanieswitharigid（）,workersandmanagershavestrictlydefinedduties.

问题1选项

A.vitality

B.jurisdiction

C.hierarchy

D.bureaucracy

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析题。vitality生机，活力；jurisdiction司法权，管辖权；hierarchy层次，层级，等级制度；bureaucracy官僚主义。句意：和大多数等级森严的美国公司一样，工人和经理们也有严格定义的职责。选项C符合句意。

10.单选题

ItseemslikeonlyyesterdaythatwewereextollingthevirtuesofsuchsociallyproducedwondersasLinuxandWikipedia.Thesecommunalendeavorsheraldedautopianageofunparalleledaccesstosystemsandinformationatlittleornocost,andconvertedWeb2.0fromamerecollectionoftechnologiestoasystemofliberationandempowerment.

ButtheroadtoUtopiaalltoooftenendsupdetouringthroughthebusinessdistrict,andWeb2.0hasbeennoexception.Byofferingthemeansofproductionfreetotheirusers,otherleviathansites,suchasFacebook,Twitter,andYouTube,havegeneratedenormousamountsofcontentatalmostnoexpense.Evenbetter,thiscontentisagoldminefortargetedadvertising.

OverinUtopia,theworkerswhogeneratedallthosearticles,photos，tweets,andvideoswouldgetacutoftheprofitstheyhelpedtogenerate.Inthebusinessdistrict,however,usersretaintheiramateurstatus,whilethecompaniestheylaborforrakeinbillions.Worse,contributorsdon’tevenownthecontenttheycreate.Thesmallestofthesmallprintinthetermsofuse,whichyoumustagreetoinordertogetanaccount,statesthatthecompanycanuseyourcontentasitseesfit.

ToNicholasCarr,thissmacksofexploitationratherthanemancipation,andhecoinedatermforit:digitalsharecropping.Justlikethefarmlaborersofoldagewhoworkedthelandbutdidn’townit,digitalsharecroppersgrowtheproductthatearnsWeb2.0companiestheirprofits,buttheyrelinquishownership.Heck,eventhemostput-uponsharecropperearnedashareofthecropheworkedsohardtocultivate;today’sdigitalserfsworkontheirprofiles,timelines,andfeedsforfree,withtargetedadstheironly“compensation.”

Tobesure,nooneonthesesitesseestheiruploadingofposts,photos,andvideosas“work.”Butthisadhoccontentcreationisn’tenoughformanycompanies,sonowthey’reoutrightaskingnonemployeestocontribute.Thiswasprecededbycrowdsourcing，whichinvolvesobtaininglabor,products,orcontentfrompeopleoutsidethecompany,particularlyfromalargegroupofcustomersoramateurswhoworkforlittlepay.Agoodexampleisthephenomenonofmicrowork,ashort,simpletaskthatacompanycrowdsourcesforasmallfee,particularlytoworkersintheunderdevelopedworld.

1.LinuxandWikipediaarementionedas（）.

2.FacebookandTwitterhaveproducedinformationatlittlecostby（）.

3.Intheweb2.0businessworld,thecompanies（）.

4.Whatdothedigitalsharecroppersandfarmershaveincommon?

5.InParagraph4，theword“relinquish”isclosestinmeaningto（）.

6.Bycrowdsourcing,companies（）.

问题1选项

A.representativesofoutdatedinformationtechnology

B.examplesofcollectivelyconstructedinformationsystem

C.merecollectionsoftechnologies

D.ThefirstfreeserviceofInternetaccess

问题2选项

A.buildinganidealworldonline

B.attractingmoreonlineadvertising

C.usingtheWeb2technology

D.allowingtheiruserstouploadmaterialswithoutcharge

问题3选项

A.agreetousers’termstoencourageaccountregistration

B.discouragetheirusersfromamateurstatus

C.providetheownershipoftheinformationtousers

D.makemoneyoutofusers’contribution

问题4选项

A.Theyreceivelessthantheydeserve.

B.Theyarepaidtheminimumwage.

C.Theyhaveashareoftheprofittheycreated.

D.Theygetownershipbyhardwork.

问题5选项

A.claim

B.pass

C.abandon

D.transfer

问题6选项

A.uploadenoughcontentfortheirusers

B.getresourcesfromamateurswithlittlemoney

C.attractmoreadvertisingclients

D.providejobopportunitiestotechniciansworldwide

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

第6题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段第一句话提到就在昨天我们还在赞美Linux和维基百科这些社会创造的奇迹（ItseemslikeonlyyesterdaythatwewereextollingthevirtuesofsuchsociallyproducedwondersasLinuxandWikipedia），通过这些奇迹人们可以花费很少甚至不需要花费成本就可以获得信息（unparalleledaccesstosystemsandinformationatlittleornocost），由此可知Linux与Wikipedia也是能够帮助人们获得信息的手段，因此选项B符合题意。

2.判断推理题。文章第二段提到通过向用户提供免费的创造方式，这些网站比如Facebook,Twitter以及YouTube几乎没费任何成本就生产出了海量的内容（Byofferingthemeansofproductionfreetotheirusers,otherleviathansites,suchasFacebook,Twitter,andYouTube,havegeneratedenormousamountsofcontentatalmostnoexpense），由此可知它们之所以能够低成本生产出这么多内容是因为有大量用户帮它们创造，因此选项D符合题意。

3.判断推理题。文章第三段第二句话提到在商业区，用户保持着业余状态，而他们为之努力的企业从中赚取大量金钱（Inthebusinessdistrict,however,usersretaintheiramateurstatus,whilethecompaniestheylaborforrakeinbillions），因此可以推断这些企业是依靠用户赚钱，选项D符合题意。

4.判断推理题。文章第四段第二句提到就像那些在土地上劳作但没有土地所有权的农民一样，数字佃农为公司带来利润，但是也没有所有权（Justlikethefarmlaborersofoldagewhoworkedthelandbutdidn’townit,digitalsharecroppersgrowtheproductthatearnsWeb2.0companiestheirprofits,buttheyrelinquishownership），因此农民与数字佃农的共同之处就在于都付出了很多，但是得到的回报非常少，选项A符合题意。

5.词义题。Relinquish这个词出现在Justlikethefarmlaborersofoldagewhoworkedthelandbutdidn’townit,digitalsharecroppersgrowtheproductthatearnsWeb2.0companiestheirprofits,buttheyrelinquishownership这句话中，该句是将农民与数字佃农做比较，根据句子前后分析可知relinquishownership与didn’townit表达的是同样的意思，因此选项C符合题意。

6.判断推理题。文章最后一段提到众包就是从公司外部获取劳动力、产品或内容，特别是从一大批收入微薄的客户或者业余人员那里获取内容（Thiswasprecededbycrowdsourcing，whichinvolvesobtaininglabor,products,orcontentfrompeopleoutsidethecompany,particularlyfromalargegroupofcustomersoramateurswhoworkforlittlepay），由此可知选项B符合题意。

11.单选题

Barrymore（）,buteachisrememberednotforhiswomenbutforhistalent.

问题1选项

A.hadmanywives.Garrickone

B.hadmanywives.Garrickhavingone

C.havingmanywives,Garrickjustone

D.hadmanywives.Garrickhadonlyonewife

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。分析题干可知前面为两个独立的分句，因此D项正确。句意：白瑞摩有许多妻子。加里克只有一个妻子，但每个人都不是因为他的女人而被铭记，而是因为他的才华。

12.单选题

Thethieves（

）thewastepaperallovertheroomwhiletheyweresearchingforthering.

问题1选项

A.spread

B.scratched

C.scattered

D.burned

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。spread传播，散布；scratch搔，抓；scatteralloverthefloor满地皆是；burn燃烧。句意：小偷找钻戒的时候，把废纸弄得满屋都是。由“searchingforthering”可知小偷为了找到戒指会满屋子翻箱倒柜，把废纸弄得到处都是。答案C

13.翻译题

Oneoftheunintendedconsequencesoftheflatteningworldisthatitputsdifferentsocietiesandculturesinmuchgreaterdirectcontactwithoneanother.Itconnectspeopletopeoplemuchfasterthanpeopleandculturescanoftenpreparethemselves.Someculturesthriveonthesuddenopportunitiesforcollaborationthatthisglobalintimacymakespossible.Othersarefrustrated,andevenhumiliatedbythisclosecontact,which,amongotherthings,makesiteasyforpeopletoseewheretheystandintheworldinrelationtoeveryoneelse.Allofthishelpstoaccountfortheemergenceofoneofthemostdevastatingforcestoday—thesuicidebombersandotherterroristorganizationswhichhavenoregardforhumanlivesandwhichitisinourbestinteresttowipeout.

【答案】答：

世界扁平化的一个意想不到的后果是，它使不同的社会和文化可以更多地直接接触。人们之间联系的速度之快使人和社会措手不及。一些文化因全球亲密关系突然带来的合作机会而蓬勃发展。另一些文化则因为这种亲密接触而感到沮丧，甚至感到自尊受到伤害，原因是这种亲密接触的后果之一：使人们轻易地发现彼此在世界中的位置。所有这些都有助于解释为什么出现了当今最具破坏性的力量之一——自杀式炸弹袭击者和其他恐怖主义组织，他们不顾人的生命，消灭他们最符合我们的利益。

14.单选题

I’veheardthesaying,“Thebestgiftparentscanevergivetotheirchildrenistoloveeachother.”

I’vehadthepleasureofwitnessingthetruthofthisstatementforover40years.FromasfarbackasIcanremembermyMomandDadwereateam,agreatpartnership.Theyweremorethanjustapartnership.Itwasasiftheywereoneperson.

Sure,theyargued,buttherewasneveranydoubtinourmindsthatanydisagreementswouldbeworkedthroughandresolved.MomandDadbegantheirmarriedlifepoor,buttheyworkedhardand,overtheyears,builtaverysuccessfulbusiness.Theyeachhadtheirstrengthsandweaknesses,butthewaytheyworkedtogether,youneversawtheweaknesses,justthestrengths.

Dadwastheoutgoing,morepublicpersonwithwhompeoplemetandfellinlovewithrightaway.EveryoneknewDad!Then,whentheygottomeetMom,theyfelttheexactsamewayaboutheraswell.Mom,althoughnotatallshy,wasmorecomfortablebeingthepersonbehindthescenes.Moredetailoriented,sheranthebooksand,accordingtoDad,wastheonewhoreallymadethebusinesswork.

Thebiggestlessonaboutloveandmarriagethatmymomanddadtaughtuskidswashowtotalkaboutyourspouse.Haveyoueverheardhusbandsandwives,whenspeakingtoothers,makeunkindremarksabouttheirspouses?It’soneofthosethingspeoplejustseemtodo.Sure,they’re“onlykidding”ormaybetheyarenot.Butwordsmatter.Andwordsteach,whetherpositivelyornegatively.

Youwouldneverhearsuchathingfrommymomanddad.DadalwaysspeaksofMominthemostcomplimentary,glowingterms.Asdoessheofhim.Thislessonmadesuchanimpressiononme.IstillrememberwhenIwasage12andweweregettingcarpetinstalledinourhome.Thecrewbosswasoneofthosestereotypicalbeerguzzling,hard-livingguys,whowouldhaveprobablybelongedtoRalphKramden’sRaccoonLodgefromtheoldHoneymooner’sTVshow.Forlunch,myfolksboughtpizzaforthecrew.Dadwenttotalkwiththebossaboutthejob.Iwasaroundthecomerlistening.

Thebosssaid,“Thisisanexpensivejob.Womenwillreallyspendyourmoney,won’tthey?”Dadresponded,“Well,I’lltellyou,whentheywererighttherewithyoubeforeyouhadanymoney,it’sapleasuretodoanythingforthemyoupossiblycan.”

Thiswasn’ttheanswerthecarpetinstallerexpectedtohear.Hewaslookingfornegativebanteraboutwiveswhich,tohim,wasnatural.Hetriedagain:“But,gee,they’llreallyplayoffthatandspendalltheycan,won’tthey?”Dadreplied,asIknewhewould,“Hey,whenthey’rethereasonyou’resuccessful,youwantthemtodothethingstheyenjoy.There’snogreaterpleasure.”

Thecrewbosstriedonemoretime.Andthey’lltakethatasfarastheycan,huh?Dadresponded.“She’sthebestthingthateverhappenedtome.I’ddoanythingtomakeherhappy.”

Iwastryingnottolaugh.IknewhewantedDadtogiveinjustalittlebitandsay,“Yeah，Iguessthat’strue.Butitwouldn’thappen...notinamillionyears!”

Finally,theinstallergaveupandwentbacktowork,probablyshakinghisheadinbewilderment.Witnessingmydadinthatmomenttaughtmemoreaboutlovingandrespectingyourwifethananythinghecouldeverhavetoldmeaboutthesubject.

MomandDadarenowretiredandenjoyingtheirlifetogether,justhangingout,reading,andvisitingtheirchildrenandgrandchildren.Theyrecentlycelebratedtheir43rdweddinganniversary.Theystillholdhands,andtheyaremoreinlovethanever.Throughouttheyears,wheneverMomwouldremindmethatIshouldbelookingtogetmarried,I’dsay,“Ma,Ihaveplentyoftime.”She’djokinglyreplythatIdon’thave“that”muchtime.MyDadwouldthenlookatmeinthatwisdom-filled,citystreetsbredwayofhisandsay,“Hey,youtakeallthetimeyouneed.Ifyoumarrysomeonejusthalfthewomanyourmotheris,you’llhaveagreatlife.”Ishouldonlybesolucky.

1.Whataretheauthor’smother’scharacteristics?

2.Howdidtheauthor’sparentsteachhimthemostimportantthingaboutmarriage?

3.Whydidtheauthor’sfamilybuypizzaforthecrew?

4.Whichofthefollowingisleastlikelytobeacceptedbythiscrewboss?

5.Whatkindofimpactdidtheconversationbetweenhisfatherandtheinstallerhaveontheauthor?

问题1选项

A.Sheismorepublicanddetermined.

B.Sheismorepatientandcomfortable.

C.Sheismoreagreeableandpaysmoreattentiontodetails.

D.Sheisinchargeofaccountingandrunningthebusiness.

问题2选项

A.Theyeachhadtheirstrengthsandweaknesses,butthewaytheyworkedtogether,youonlysawthestrengths.

B.Theyworkedhardand,overtheyears,builtaveryprosperousbusiness.

C.MomandDadwereateam,agreatpartnership.

D.Theyalwaysspokeofeachotherinapositiveway.

问题3选项

A.Theywereputtingacarpetinplaceinourhome.

B.Myfatherhadsomethingtoaskfromthecrewhead.

C.ThecrewbosscamefromRalphKramden’sRaccoonLodge.

D.Thecrewbosswasastereotypicalbeerloving,hard-livingguy.

问题4选项

A.Womenwillsparenocostwhentheyjustwanttodoit.

B.Womengivefullplaytotherightsmengrantthem.

C.Womenarethepowerhousebehindmensuccessstory.

D.Womenaretheruinofmen.

问题5选项

A.Menshouldloveandrespecttheirwives.

B.It’simmoraltospeakillofsomeonewithouttheperson’spresence.

C.Achildshouldlearntoprotectpatents’goodimages.

D.Weshouldvaluethedayswespendtogetherwithourspouses.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由第四段“Mom,althoughnotatallshy,wasmorecomfortablebeingthepersonbehindthescenes.Moredetailoriented,sheran